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In order to decode the difference between audiovisual bimodal and unimodal responses of the human brain in semantic context, this study designed a related task paradigm and applied a new generation magnetoencephalogram combined with the machine learning model to analyze the collected signals from three perspectives: behavioral response, event-related field (ERF) and single-trial detection. Results show that the unimodal semantic response was mainly concentrated in the occipital cortex, while the bimodal semantic response was mainly concentrated in the parietal cortex. At the same time, respondents' response rate and the detection accuracy of single-trial in bimodal mode were significantly higher than that in unimodal mode. Moreover, the support vector machine (SVM) showed the best classification performance among the four machine learning models, with an average classification accuracy of 75.16% for within-subject classification and 80.56% for between-subject classification. This research concludes that the combination of optically pumped magnetometer-magnetoencephalography (OPM-MEG) and machine learning model provides an efficient approach to decode the difference between audiovisual bimodal and unimodal responses of the human brain in semantic context.

Unlike imaging in air, underwater panoramic imaging faces great challenges arising from water pressure and diminished light, necessitating special lens packaging and focused underwater illumination. The processing of underwater images from multiple channels necessitates adaptations to existing image processing algorithms to mitigate color cast, noisy points, and other imaging defects. And based on the hot research of panoramic video transmission, the underwater panoramic imaging system on the ROV platform holds great development potential.Based on the technical research of underwater panoramic photography, this paper first elaborates on the generation and transmission of underwater panoramic images and discusses two camera layouts: distributed and integrated, utilizing the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) platform as the carrier, through an analysis of camera hardware requirements. Subsequently, it introduces the creation of panoramic images from multiple channels of image data through a process involving image preprocessing, stitching, and fusion. Lastly, taking into account of remote video transmission through water boundaries, a self-adaptive multi-rate transmission scheme is presented, based on the stream division into slices (Tile stream) for panoramic videos. From the development of underwater panoramic technology, with the improvement of panoramic technologies such as lossless image stitching, iterative computing speed of image processors, image restoration, ultra bandwidth connection, and panoramic video transmission, ROV platform panoramic camera systems will be widely applied.

Aiming at the problem of insufficient impact resistance of the existing portal support, a kind of anti-impact support structure for multi-direction energy absorption was constructed by adding V-shaped groove to the beam structure and flexible chain support structures on both sides. Parameters such as total energy absorption, plastic strain and vertical displacement were used as analysis indexes to study the supporting performance of the support in the face of vertical impact and lateral impact, and the deformation degree for each structure of the support and the overall most vulnerable position were obtained. Under the vertical impact condition, the equivalent plastic strain position of the new support appeared at the middle joint of the top beam, and then the joint of the top beam should be thickened. In the whole process of vertical impact, the vertical displacement of the three hydraulic columns was not average, which indicated that the support was not very ideal in the face of concentrated impact. Under vertical impact conditions, the V-shaped groove had a small deformation in the face of the impact with large velocity, and a large deformation in the face of the impact with small velocity, which showed that the V-shaped groove had a certain response speed in the face of impact. Under lateral impact conditions, the equivalent plastic strain of the support was mainly concentrated at the connection between the flexible chain and the support when the impact velocity is low, and the annular base should be installed at the connection between the flexible chain and the support. The bearing capacity and total energy absorption of flexible chain support structure under lateral impact were slightly weaker than that of support under vertical impact, but they can play a good role in horizontal support.

In view of the problem of the existing driving index analysis methods, which requires relatively complete bottom pressure detection data and cannot calculate the driving index when the formation pressure history is not clear, this study proposes a new strategy to use partial production performance data to calculate relevant parameters through an improved material balance method, in the case of not shutting down the well and affecting the production, and to calculate the complete average formation pressure history by driving a formula. Then, based on the average formation pressure obtained by this method, the driving energy and driving index could be calculated. Compared with two sets of actual field data, the average relative errors by calculation were 1.28% and 1.07%, respectively, proving the effectiveness of this method. The research results can guide the design and subsequent optimization of oil reservoir development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] Simultaneous color contrast is a phenomenon which describes how the visual perception of a colored target can be affected by the other colors or patterns. The study of simultaneous color contrast in insects has stronger ecological relevance than studies using plain colored targets or mono-wavelength light as test stimuli, and will contribute to the optimization of colored boards for trapping insect pests. [Methods] Laboratory bioassays and field trapping experiments were used to investigate simultaneous color contrast in alate Myzus persicae by recording if these were attracted to, or repelled by, combinations of different colors. [Results] The interaction between background and target color was extremely significant. Among the 64 patterns prepared using eight saturated colors, the most preferred were saturated yellow (R=G=255, B=0) and saturated green (R=B=0, G=255). The addition of any spots of another color on a yellow or green background significantly reduced their attractiveness relative to background color alone, even when the composite patterns combined yellow and green. Moreover, the most repellent pattern was a red background with black spots, which is similar to the pattern on the elytra of common lady beetles. A series of paired tests confirmed that this repellence was a true simultaneous color contrast effect. The pattern of a black background with red spots was also significantly repellent (black background + red spot vs plain red: t9 = 13.18, P < 0.000 1; black background + red spot vs. plain black: t9 = 2.14, P = 0.061 3), but less so than the pattern resembling lady beetle elytra (t9 = 3.97, P = 0.003 3). The optimal parameters (background redness=192, spot gamma value = 0, spot diameter ≤ 2 mm) of the repellent pattern were determined using an orthogonal design experiment. The results of a field trapping experiment demonstrated that the simultaneous color contrast effect of a red background and black spots was significant when the patterns were added to a less attractive green board, but not so when the patterns were added to a highly attractive yellow board. [Conclusion] The color preferences of alate M. persicae are affected by simultaneous color contrasts. The most attractive color was plain, solid yellow, followed by plain, solid green. Composite patterns of these two colors were significantly less attractive than the corresponding plain colors. The most repellant color pattern resembled the pattern on the elytra of common lady beetles. However, results of a field bioassay indicates that alates are only repelled by this pattern when it is on a green background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Network pharmacology and molecular docking methods are used to systematically study the components, targets, pathways and cancer treatment of perilla seeds. With the help of TCMSP, Genecards, and Uniprot databases, the components of perilla seeds, targets, and cancer and tumor targets are collected. Cytoscape software is used to construct a network diagram for the components of perilla seeds, targets, and cancer tumors. The protein is performed through the STRING database interaction network analysis, GO function and KEGG enrichment with the help of DAVID platform. Auto Dock is used to molecularly dock the active ingredients of perilla seeds with anti-cancer and anti-tumor targets. There are 72 targets in total for the anti-cancer and anti-tumor effects of perilla seeds screened, corresponding to 17 effective ingredients. The cancer types involved include bladder cancer, thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer, etc., among which luteolin and TP53 have the best docking activity. This study builds a network of components-target-disease of perilla seeds, explores the key targets of perilla seeds' anti-cancer and anti-tumor effects, simulates the molecular docking of target proteins and active ingredients, and provides guidance to the clinical application and application of perilla seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial oxidation is the only biological sink of atmospheric methane (CH4 ). It is essential to understand the variation of CH4 fluxes among different grassland use types for developing low-emission management system. Here, we measured the CH4 flux and the soil methane-oxidizing bacteria abundance in a typical steppe under grazing, mowing and fencing management in central Inner Mongolia, with the aims to determine the effects of these grassland use types on CH4 flux, and to test the hypothesis that pmoA functional gene abundance regulates CH4 fluxes. The measurements were conducted on the experimental grassland that had experienced four grassland use treatments over five years. The treatments were whole growing season grazing from May to September (T, ), spring and summer grazing (twice in May and July) (T2), autumn mowing (T3) and enclosure (To). We measured CH4 flux using static chamber method, and quantified the abundance of pmoA functional genes using molecular techniques. Moreover, we measured plant biomass and soil physi- cochemical properties. The results showed that moderate grazing significantly enhanced CH4uptake rate and the methane-oxidizing bacteria abundance (i.e., the pmoA gene copy number per gram of dry soil). The pmoA gene copy number ranged from 6.9x104 to 3.9x105 per gram of dry soil in growing season. The CH4 uptake rate was (68.21 ±3.01) (µg ⋅ m-2 ⋅ h-1 under T1, which was 22.1%, 37.5% and 30.9% higher than that under T2, T3 or T0, respectively. The CH4 uptake rate was positively correlated with abundance of CH4 oxidizing bacteria and soil sand content, but negatively correlated with soil silt content, soil moisture, NH4+-N and NO3--N content, and plant biomass. These results suggested that the steppe ecosystem is a CH4 sink under all land-use types in central Inner Mongolia, and that moderate grazing would enhance methane-oxidizing bacteria abundance and CH4uptake by improving soil sand content, reducing soil mineral nitrogen content and plant production in the typical steppe ecosystem. These results were of significance for the development of low-emission grassland management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different from the previous studies, this paper takes spatial external effects into consideration in terms of the relationship between financial expenditure competition and regional capital allocation efficiency. The capital allocation efficiencies of 31 provinces in China are calculated and compared based on Wurgler's model. Furthermore, an empirical test about the effect of financial expenditure competition on capital allocation efficiency is given using the spatial econometric model. The results indicate that on the national scale, capital allocation efficiency has negative correlation with space while financial expenditure competition has a significant impediment to regional capital allocation efficiency in the whole country. The grouping estimation shows that there is an obvious difference between the eastern regions and the mid-western regions, and the financial expenditure competition in the east is beneficial to improve the capital allocation efficiency while in the mid-west it distorts the direction of capital flow and reduces the capital allocation efficiency to some degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Set pair analysis (SPA) can be used to describe the uncertainty in water resource system comprehensively, so it is adopted in this paper to study the water-supply multi-reservoir operating policy. Two kinds of water-supply decision derived by the discrete differential dynamic programming (DDDP) and the drafted operating chart consist of a set pair. The optimal operating chart can be obtained by optimizing the hedging rule curves to maximize the connection degree between the two kinds of water-supply decision. According to this principle, the optimal operating chart of the equivalent reservoir for the multi-reservoir system can be also achieved. The amount of water released from each reservoir at the decision period is calculated by weighted average of water release in the sample operation periods determined by DDDP, in which the reservoir storage and inflow are closest to the ones at the decision period. Finally, Guanyinge-Shenwo multi-reservoir system is employed as a case study to verify the efficacy and reasonability of SPA for determining the water-supply multi-reservoir operating policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed a method of locating head-shoulder quickly and detecting with the fusion feature to solve the problems of pedestrian detection in video. It firstly selected the candidate pixel points in the foreground, for the pixel gradient direction of the top of the head had a fixed scope. Then it located the areas of human head-shoulder quickly by these points, which defined as the windows to be tested. Next, it extracted the HOG features and HSV features of the windows. Lastly, it trained the head-shoulder classifier by support vector machine (SVM). Experimental results show that based on the pixel gradient direction of the top of the head, the windows which contain head-shoulder can be located more quickly than the traditional method, sliding window, which improves the efficiency of the detection. Furthermore, the accuracy of detection is also improved by the fusion feature of HOG and HSV. Thus, the proposed method performs well and can help the subsequent analysis of the pedestrians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the 2-year old Ginkgo biloba seedlings as test materials, a pot experiment was conducted in an artificial climate chamber to study the effects of air temperature and soil moisture on the flavonoids accumulation in leaves. Three levels of air temperature (15/5 °C 25/15 °C, and 35/25 °C day/ night) and three levels of soil moisture (55% -60%, 40% -45%, and 30% -35% of field capacity) were installed, yielding nine temperature-soil moisture combinations. Under the three levels of soil moisture, the quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and total flavonoids contents in the leaves were higher at 15/5 °C than at 25/15 °C and 35/25 °C. Soil moisture had minor effects on the flavonoids accumulation. The leaf kaempferol content was the highest, followed by quercetin and isorhamnetin. The total flavonoids yield per plant at 35/25 °C was higher than that at 15/5 °C and 25/15 °C . It was suggested that to adopt appropriate soil covering and watering before harvesting to decrease the ambient temperature could benefit the enhancement of leaf flavonoids content and the improvement of per unit area flavonoids production in G. biloba leaf-harvesting plantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FPGA has fixed number of I/O or CLB, which resulting in a limitation to the implementation of a very large complex system in a single FPGA. This paper addresses a partitioning method used for a multi-FPGA system implementation with partly guidance of User Constraint File and FPGA EDA flow. The partitioning method can improve the partitioning efficiency, and reduce the complexity of a multi-FPGA system design. Based on the proposed method and the multi-FPGA system architecture, a partitioning tool was implemented, which has the capability of designing a nine-chip multi-FPGA system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seabed fluid migration is a critical process that involves the transport and movement of liquids, gases, and seawater within and outside the seabed, which has significant impacts on the genesis, development, and evolution of seabed geological disasters. Notably, typical disasters such as submarine landslides in the sea area of China demonstrate a strong relevance with seabed fluid migration phenomena. In this paper, we analyze the distribution characteristics of typical fluid migration system types and geological disaster causes taking the northern South China Sea as an example, and we summarize the observation and investigation methods of seabed fluid migration. Furthermore, we propose the primary issues and content that must be addressed in the study of disasters induced by seabed fluid migration and their prevention and control. Specifically, we suggest that research should focus on the three phases, namely disaster genesis induced by deep high-pressure fluid migration, disaster development caused by gas hydrate decomposition and fluid migration, and disaster triggering resulting from ocean water movement. Based on breakthroughs in technological bottlenecks such as multi-system integration, multi-scale cooperation, and multi-dimensional information processing in deep-sea exploration, we must conduct in-depth research on the evolution mechanisms of seabed disaster genesis, development, and triggering under the influence of seabed fluid migration. Additionally, we must develop theoretical methods for seabed disaster risk prevention and control under the coupled effects of seabed fluid migration, geological environment, and human activities.

The roadway anti-impact energy absorption support can effectively prevent the occurrence of rock burst, reduce the casualties and property losses caused by sudden disasters, and has achieved good application effect. The most important part is the energy absorption and anti-impact energy absorbing component. According to the principle of maximizing the plastic deformation area, a new type of energy absorption and anti-impact device with arc thin wall was presented to improve the shortcomings of the traditional device. In order to optimize the structure of the thin-wall energy absorption and anti-impact device, the properties of it was analyzed by using the method of finite element numerical simulation. At the same time, the energy absorption characteristics of the new type of composite corrugated column component for mining under different sidewall slopes and wall thicknesses are studied, so that the structure of the new type of composite corrugated column component for mining can reach the optimum. The results showed that: ①Under the same wall thickness, the peak bearing capacity Fmax, the average crushing bearing capacity Fmean, the total energy absorption E, and specific energy absorption ESA of the new device are higher than those of the traditional device, among which the average crushing bearing capacity Fmean has increased by 34.2%, total energy absorption has increased by nearly 33.6%, and specific energy absorption has increased by 127.4%. The new type of energy absorption device has obvious anti-impact performance advantages. ②With the decrease of the side wall slope, the peak crushing capacity Fmax and the fluctuation coefficient of the bearing capacity decrease, the average crushing capacity Fmean increases, and the total energy absorption E and the specific energy absorption ESA slightly increase. ③ As the thin-wall thickness of new device decreases, the crushing peak load, crushing average load, total energy absorption and specific energy absorption all decrease, while the load fluctuation coefficient decreases first and then increases. Through the analysis of the results, it is concluded that the structure of the new energy absorption device can meet the requirements of constant resistance and large deformation when the slope of side wall is 1.2 and the thickness is 7 mm, the component meets the requirements of constant resistance and large deformation; ④The fluctuation of bearing capacity curve can be further reduced by balancing the sidewall thickness and the contact friction coefficient between members and rigid plates.

Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody against the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) that significantly inhibits osteoclast activity and has been approved to treat osteoporosis, giant cell tumor of bone, and prophylactic as well as therapeutic entities for bone metastasis. However, the imbalance of RANKL/RANK/OPG has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of several other rare bone diseases and tumor-like disorders, including aneurysmal bone cyst, fibrous dysplasia of bone, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Nevertheless, there have been various clinical reports although these diseases have not been approved for indications. The review aims to summarize the available evidence for the off-label use of denosumab in metabolic bone diseases and tumor-like disorders and provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Aiming at the discharge problem of inductively coupled plasma (ICP), a closed wave-transmitting cavi-ty configuration is designed, the fluid mechanics model of ICP is established, and the multi physical simulation software COMSOL is used for three-dimensional simulation research. The variation laws of typical parameters such as electron density, electron temperature and plasma potential with time in the discharge process are analyzed. On this basis, the power of radio frequency power supply, the air pressure in the cavity and other conditions are changed to obtain the parameter range and spatial gradient distribution of ICP. The results show that the discharge power mainly affects the numerical range of plasma parameters, and the change of air pressure has an effect on the numerical value and spatial distribution of plasma parameters. When the power of radio frequency power supply increases from 100 W to 300 W, the peak electron density increases from 2.54×1017 m-3 to 5.68×1017 m-3, and the electric potential induced in the heating zone and the corresponding electron temperature decrease slightly after the reaction is stable. Increasing the air pressure in the cavity within a certain range will significantly increase the electron density. The air pressure increases from 10 Pa to 30 Pa, and the electron density increases from 9.12×1017 m-3 to 3.62×1018 m-3. However, the uniformity of plasma parameter distribution will deteriorate if the air pressure is too high.

Due to their unique chemical and physical properties, ionic liquids are recognized as a class of green and environmentally friendly diluents with great application prospects in the field of solvent extraction. In addition to their good solubility for extractants and extracted species, ionic liquid extraction systems often exhibit satisfactory performance through ion exchange mechanism. Task-specific ionic-liquids(TSILs) emerge as a kind of chemically modified ionic liquids, which possess dual functions of ionic liquids and ligands with specific chelating groups. TSILs can not only be used as diluents in the extraction process, but also serve as extractants for separation of metal ions. In the past two decades, TSILs have received extensive attention in the area of nuclear waste treatment. This review first introduces ionic liquids and TSILs focusing on their structural connections and differences. Then, a summary is offered to briefly evaluate the ionic liquids used for the extraction and separation of uranyl ions, thorium ions, lanthanides, and minor actinides, respectively. Finally, this review also provides the outlook of TSILs for lanthanide/actinide separation.

Perilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.) is one of the traditional medicinal and edible plants in China.Perilla oil, extracted from the seed of perilla, contains the highest concentration of alpha-linolenic acid. It has huge market development potential in food, medicine and many other industries. With the continuous advancement and development of the big health industry, perilla oil byproducts have played an increasing role our lives. This paper comprehensively and systematically reviews the extraction process, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, development and application of perilla oil, to guide applications of perilla oil.

Aiming at the problem of ill-posed regions with blurred disparity edges,unsmooth disparity,discontinuous disparity of a single object,and holes in stereo matching,a lightweight real-time binocular depth estimation algorithm is proposed,which uses the semantic tags obtained by semantic segmentation of the scene graph and the edge detail images obtained by edge detection asauxi-liary loss,and the ground truth image as the main loss,to construct the joint loss function which can better supervise the generation of the disparity map.In addition,a lightweight feature extraction module is constructed to reduce the redundancy of the feature extraction stage,which can better simplify the feature extraction steps,and improve the real-time and lightness of the network.Finally,the idea of from coarse to fine is used to realize the gradual refinement process of the disparity map with fusion of low-resolution disparity map deformation and high-resolution feature map to generate disparity maps of different scales in stages,meanwhile,the detailed features are gradually enriched,thus obtaining the final accurate disparity map.The 3px error rate of 1.72% is obtained on the KITTI 2012 dataset,the Vintge error rate on the Middlebury 2014 dataset is 1.23%,the Playroom error rate is 2.23%,and the Recycle error rate is 1.65%.Meanwhile,the calculation time on the Scene Flow dataset reaches 0.76 s with 2.4 G memory occupation,which significantly improves the accuracy and computational efficiency of stereo matching algorithms in the ill-posed regions,meets the real-time requirements in engineering practice,and has important guiding significance for real-time 3D reconstruction tasks.

The bilevel programming is applied to analyze the effectiveness of government organization in macroscopically controlling the emission permits market in order to optimize the emission permits resources allocation by utilizing the initial emission permits allocation and emission permits resources rate. A bilevel programming model regarding the most optimal income of the society and the emission permits users as the targets is established according to the behavior characteristics of emission permits users. On this basis, the optimal scheme of initial emission permits allocation and emission permits resources rate can be deduced consequently. An example is given to illustrate the idea of constructing and solving the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To learn about past experiences in studying ideological and political theory courses of doctoral students in Peking Union Medical College and the actual teaching outcomes of Selected Readings of Marxist Classics after the implementation of the teaching reform. Methods Two sets of questionnaires were distributed to 530 MD candidates of Grade 2019 before and after the course in order to investigate and compare their cognition, attitude and evaluation. Results In the pre-course survey, 462 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the recovery rate was 87.17%. In the after-course survey, 466 effective questionnaires were recovered, and the recovery rate was 87.92%. Most students' recognized the significance of this course and were satisfied with the teaching methods and assessment methods. Conclusions Medical students have a good reading and learning experience in this course. However, it is required to continuously strengthen humanistic care in ideological and political teaching to enhance students' sense of gain and further improve their political and moral qualities from the perspective of cognition, feeling and action.

The application of artificial intelligence in the field of biomedicine is accelerating, showing broad prospects in public health, clinical diagnosis and health management. However, it will also cause many potential and existing ethical dilemmas. At present, the ethical issues that are attractive are: 1) the moral status of artificial intelligence; 2) fairness issues caused by artificial intelligence applications; 3) the contradiction between individual rights and public interests. This paper a discussed the above issues. From a balanced point of view, several principles are proposed for discussion and challenges from the academic community.

With the advance of medical education reform, the teaching methods of medical humanities courses in the international arena are constantly innovating and remodeling. Learning the new teaching methods from foreign medical humanities has a positive impact on promoting domestic education of medical humanity. This article tries to showed what can be learn from medical education by comparing the teaching methods of medical humanities courses in several American universities and British universities with several colleges in China.

This paper aimed to study the chemical constituents from Clitocybe clavipes. Silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-p reparative HPLC were employed to separate the ethanol extract of C. clavipes. Six compounds were identified by ~1H-NMR, ~(13)CNMR,and ESI-MS as clavilactone L(1), clavilactone A(2), clavilactone B(3), clavilactone E(4), clavilactone H(5), and clav ilactone I(6). Among them, compound 1 was a new meroterpenoid with a 10-membered carbocycle connected to a hydroquinone. Theantitumor activities of compounds 1-6 were determined by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) ass ay. The results showed that compounds 1-6 exerted inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells(MGC-803),human non-small cell lung cancer cells(A549), and cervical cancer cells(HeLa). Compound 1 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against MGC-803 cells, with the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC&#95;(50)) of 11. 76 μmol·L~(-1).

This study aimed to investigate the chemical constituents of supercritical extract from Qi-nan Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum by silica gel column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. One new elemane-type and one new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene compounds were isolated from the extract, and their structures were identified by MS, UV, IR, NMR, and ECD spectroscopic techniques, and named aquqinanol C(1) and aquqinanol D(2). Both compounds are novel compounds. The neuroprotective effect of the compounds on CORT-induced PC12 cell damage was determined in vitro. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited a certain protective effect against CORT-induced damage in PC12 cells.

WUSCHEL -related homebox ( WOX ) gene family is a type of plant specific transcription factor, and belongs to the homeobox (HB) transcription factor superfamily. WOX genes play an important role in plant development, such as stem cell regulation and reproductive progress, and have been identified in many plant species. However, the information of mungbean VrWOX genes is limited. In this study, we identified 42 VrWOX genes in mungbean genome using Arabidopsis AtWOX genes as BLAST queries. VrWOX genes are unevenly distributed on 11 mungbean chromosomes, and chromosome 7 contains the most VrWOX genes. VrWOX genes are classified into three subgroups, the ancient group, the intermediate group and the modern/ WUSCHEL group, which contains 19, 12 and 11 VrWOX members, respectively. Intraspecific synteny analysis revealed 12 VrWOX duplicated gene pairs in mungbean. Mungbean and Arabidopsis thaliana have 15 orthologous genes, and mungbean and Phaseolus vulgaris have 22 orthologous genes, respectively. The gene structure and conserved motif are different among VrWOX genes, indicating their functional diversity. The promoter regions of VrWOX genes contain different number and type of cis -acting elements, and VrWOX genes show distinct expression levels in eight mungbean tissues. Our study investigated the bioinformation and expression profiles of VrWOX genes, and provided essential information for further functional characterization of VrWOX genes.

Microbial oxidation is the only biological sink of atmospheric methane (CH 4 ). It is essential to understand the variation of CH 4 fluxes among different grassland use types for developing low-emission management system. Here, we measured the CH 4 flux and the soil methane-oxidizing bacteria abundance in a typical steppe under grazing, mowing and fencing management in central Inner Mongolia, with the aims to determine the effects of these grassland use types on CH 4 flux, and to test the hypothesis that pmoA functional gene abundance regulates CH 4 fluxes. The measurements were conducted on the experimental grassland that had experienced four grassland use treatments over five years. The treatments were whole growing season grazing from May to September (T 1 ), spring and summer grazing (twice in May and July)(T 2 ), autumn mowing (T 3 ) and enclosure (T 0 ). We measured CH 4 flux using static chamber method, and quantified the abundance of pmoA functional genes using molecular techniques. Moreover, we measured plant biomass and soil physicochemical properties. The results showed that moderate grazing significantly enhanced CH 4 uptake rate and the methane-oxidizing bacteria abundance (i.e., the pmoA gene copy number per gram of dry soil). The pmoA gene copy number ranged from 6.9×10 4 to 3.9×10 5 per gram of dry soil in growing season. The CH 4 uptake rate was (68.21±3.01) μg·m -2 ·h -1 under T 1 , which was 22.1%, 37.5% and 30.9% higher than that under T 2 , T 3 or T 0 , respectively. The CH 4 uptake rate was positively correlated with abundance of CH 4 oxidizing bacteria and soil sand content, but negatively correlated with soil silt content, soil moisture, NH 4 + -N and NO 3 - -N content, and plant biomass. These results suggested that the steppe ecosystem is a CH 4 sink under all land-use types in central Inner Mongolia, and that moderate grazing would enhance methane-oxidizing bacteria abundance and CH 4 uptake by improving soil sand content, reducing soil mineral nitrogen content and plant production in the typical steppe ecosystem. These results were of significance for the development of low-emission grassland management system.

Fourteen chemical constituents, including 5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-1-tetralone(1), 4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone(2), 4,5-dihydroxy-α-tetralone(3), blumenol B(4), dehydrovomifoliol(5), megastigm-5-ene-3,9-diol(6), juglanin B(7), blumenol C(8), loliolide(9), oleracone B(10), syringarsinol(11), pinoresinol(12), methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate(13), and isovanillic acid(14), were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction of 95% methanol extract of green walnut husks by silica gel and MCI column chromatography, and Pre-HPLC. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, such as NMR, MS and so on. Among them, compounds 1, 4-6, 8-13 were isolated from the green walnut husks for the first time, and compounds 4-6, 8, 10, 12, 13 were isolated from the Juglans genus for the first time. All of isolates were detected their inhibitory activities against HeLa, HGC-27 and Ht-29 cell lines by the MTT assay. The result showed that compounds 2, 3, 7, 9 and 11 exhibited inhibitory activity against the tested cell line. The IC&#95;(50) of 7 were 26.5, 9.0, 25.4 μmol·L~(-1), respectively.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a dimeric glycoprotein that induces proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells as well as regulation of capillary formation around hair follicles which affects the growth and development of hair follicles. cgVEGF164 is a major splice variant of the cashmere goat VEGF-A gene, but its regulation on hair follicles is rarely known. In order to investigate the role of cgVEGF164 on the growth of murine hair follicles, we produced keratin 14 promoter-driven cgVEGF164 transgenic mice via pronuclear microinjection. Firstly, the diameter and density of hair follicles of transgenic mice were compared with non-transgenic control mice in paraffin sections stained by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E). Then, protein expression levels and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT1 and LEF1 were examined by Western blot. There are five positive individuals among the neonatal mice (positive rate is 8.5%). Compared with non-transgenic control mice, the diameter and density of hair follicles in transgenic mice are both obviously increased. The expression levels of P-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, P-AKT1/AKT1 and P-LEF1/LEF1 are significantly higher in transgenic mice than those in non-transgenic control mice. Based on these results, we conclude that cgVEGF164 as a growth factor can improve the growth of hair follicles which might be mediated by increasing the levels of ERK1/2, AKT1, and LEF1 protein phosphorylation.

Objective: To analyze the regularities of selection of meridian acupoints for coronary heart disease (CHD) recorded in the ancient Chinese medical literature, in order to provide a reference for clinical application of meridian acupoint recipes to treat CHD nowadays., Methods: Papers were retrieved from 1 156 ancient Chinese medical books collected in " Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine " (Fifth Edition) by using key words "Xin Tong"(cardiac pain), "Zhen Xin Tong"(true heart pain), "Jue Xin Tong"(precordial pain with cold limbs), "Xiong Bi" (obstruction of qi in the chest), "Zheng Chong"(severe palpitation), "Xin Ji"(palpitation), followed by establishment of a database. Then, the association analysis data mining technology was used to analyze the characteristics and regularities of application of meridian acupoints in the treatment of CHD., Results: A total of 347 items of ancient document data were collected, containing acupoints of the 12 regular meridians, Conception Vessel and Governor Vessel, with a frequency of usage being 625 times. Among the involved meridians, the Conception Vessel was most frequently used, followed by the Pericardium Meridian. Zhongwan (CV 12) was the most frequently used acupoint, and Rangu (KI 2) and Taixi (KI 3), CV 12 and Shangwan (CV 13), and Quze (PC 3) and Daling (PC 7) were the top 3 frequently used auxiliary acupoint pairs., Conclusion: In ancient China, in the treatment of CHD, the main acupoints of the Conception and Pericardium Meridian, and the auxiliary acupoints i．e., five-shu points are most frequently used. PC 3 and PC 7 combination is suitable for the treatment of CHD with negative emotion.

A new naphthalene derivative and three known compounds were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of the bulbs of Eleutherine americana by using various chromatographic techniques, such as column chromatography over silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic date (MS, UV, IR, NMR), which were identified as eleutherol B (1), 4,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-1-methylanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (2), 8-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-1-methylanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (3), and isoeleutherine (4). Compound 1 is a new compound. The diastolic blood vessels activity of compound 1 and 2 were potent, reaching 82.5% and 85.3% at the concentration of 10 μmol·L⁻¹, which were basically the same as that of the positive drug tanshinone ⅡA., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Observed data regarding the visibility and aerosol chemical composition from May 2013 to May 2014 were used to analyze the variation of visibility, the relationship between aerosol chemical composition and visibility variations, and their contributions to atmospheric light extinction. An important effect of secondary inorganic salt extinction on the visibility impairment was determined. The present study suggests that the average visibility during the observation period was (6.78±3.68) km, and there was obvious seasonal variation in the visibility. Fine particles with size less than 2.1 μm have a great influence on visibility, with the main chemical components of SO 4 2- , NO 3 - , NH 4 + , and OC. The secondary inorganic ions make significant contributions to visibility degradation. The mean light extinction coefficient of Nanjing was (527.2±295.2) Mm -1 , which was calculated by using the revised IMPROVE equation. Regarding the chemical composition of PM 2.1 , the most contributive species to the light extinction coefficient were ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and organic species, which accounted for 80.6%. Although the light extinction contribution of organic matter was as high as 43.51% on a clear day (VR>10 km), with the decrease of visibility, the extinction contribution of organic matter decreased, but the contribution of secondary inorganic salt increased. The contribution of extinction was 58.96% for heavy haze days with low visibility (VR<5 km). This proves that the secondary inorganic salt extinction plays a significant role in visibility impairment.

The constituents from 95% ethanol extract of the roots of Stelleropsis tianschanica were purified by column chromatography techniques, leading to the isolation of 17 compounds. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic dataas 5'-methoxy lariciresinol(1), pinoresinol(2), daphnoretin(3), acutissimalignan B(4),(+)-secoisolariciresinol(5),(+)-epipinoresinol(6), 7-methyi-daphnoretin(7), thero-8S-7-methoxysyringylglycerol(8), 1-O-methyl-guaiacylglycerol(9), 2R-22'-ferulic acid ester-2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester(10), vesiculosin(11), 4β,5βH-guai-9,7(11)-dien-12,8-olide-1α,8α-diol(12),(-)-nortrachelogenin(13), 4α,5βH-guai-9,7(11)-dien-12,8-olide-1α,8α-diol(14), matairesinol(15), lariciresinol(16)and isolariciresinol(17). Among them, compounds 1-13 wereobtained for the first time fromthe genus Stelleropsis. Compounds 3, 7, 10-14 were tested for their activation of orphan nuclear receptor TR3 with the immunofluorescence technology in 50 μmol•L⁻¹. The results showed that compound 10 displayed moderate activity with the activity ratio of 76.38%, and the others were only about 50.0%., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Considering the close relationship between spectral absorption features of visible-near infrared and “Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation(FAPAR)”, the “automatic recognition method of hyperspectral curve’s characteristic absorption peak” and “quantization method of spectral absorption characteristic parameters” were used to extract the hyperspectral absorption characteristic parameters which are sensitive to FAPAR. Referring to mathematical form of vegetation index, visible-near infrared spectral absorption characteristic parameters were used to replace spectral reflectance and create a new vegetation index to estimate FAPAR of vegetation. The data from 2014 and 2015 on typical natural grassland community canopy in the middle and eastern Inner Mongolia was chosen to build and verify the model of estimating FAPAR. The results showed that new vegetation index “SAI-VI” effectively raised the FAPAR estimating accuracy in the middle and low vegetation coverage areas. Compared with other seven different types of visible-near infrared vegetation index, it has a higher correlation with the value of FAPAR(the largest correlation coefficient is 0.801). The FAPAR prediction index model which takes “SAI-VI” as variable has higher precision and better stability(the determination coefficients of modeling and testing are the highest and both are above 0.75, the “Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)” and “Average Error Coefficient (MEC)” are the minimum). The research also showed that the new vegetation index “SAI-VI” infusing visible-infrared spectral absorption feature highlights the difference between visible spectral and near infrared spectral absorption characteristic parameters. While comparing with single spectral absorption characteristic parameter, “SAI-VI” can depress the influence of soil and enhance the sensitivity to the changes of FAPAR. “SAI-VI” also included the information of hyperspectral absorption characteristic parameters which are sensitive to FAPAR and expressed more detailed information of FAPAR while comparing with original spectral reflectance. “SAI-VI” can be used as a new parameter in inversion of vegetation canopy FAPAR, to some extent it could remedy defect of vegetation index method in estimating FAPAR.

This study was designed to investigate triterpenoids from the roots of Rosa laevigata Michx. The silica gel column chromatography was used to separate the chemical constituents from the roots of Rosa laevigata Michx. HPLC was used to analyze its purity and chemical constitution. Spectroscopy methods were used to determine their structures. Five constituents were isolated and identified as19α-OH-3β-E-feruloyl corosolic acid (1), 23-hydroxy-tormentic acid (2), 2α, 3β, 19α, 23- tetrahydroxy-12-en-28-oleanolic acid (3), 2α, 3α, 20β- trihydroxyurs-13 (18)-en-28-oic-acid (4), 2α, 3β, 20β-trihydroxyurs-13 (18)-en-28-oic-acid (5). Compound 1 was assigned as a new compound, compounds 4, 5 were obtained from the genus Rosa for the first time.

The open reading frame of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase (HDR) was cloned from Phlegmarirus carinatus by RT-PCR method and the sequence was analyzed by bioinformatics tools. After searching the transcriptome dataset of P. carinatus, one unique sequence encoding 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase was discovered. The primers were designed according to the cDNA sequence of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase from the dataset. And then, the open reading frame (ORF) of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase, named as PcHDR1 (GenBank Accession number：JQ957845), was cloned by RT-PCR strategy with the template of mixed RNA extracted from roots, stem and leaf of P. carinatus. The bioinformatic analysis of this gene and its corresponding protein was performed. The ORF of PcHDR1 consisted of 1 437 base pairs (bp), encoding one polypeptide with 478 amino acids. The sequence comparison showed that PcHDR1 is closest with GbHDR (Ginkgo biloba),and the sequence homology was up to 78%. Bioinformatics prediction and analysis indicated that PcHDR1 protein contained a conserved domain of LytB, without transmembrane region and signal peptides. This study cloned and analyzed 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase from P. carinatus. The result will provide a foundation for exploring the function of PcHDR1 involved in terpene biosynthesis in P. carinatus plants., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Four casssane diterpenes were isolated from the ethanol extract of the seeds of Caesalpinia decapetala (Fabaceae), with a combination of various chromatographic approaches, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, reverse phase C18 and so on. On the basis of spectroscopic data analysis, they were identified as caesalpinin MQ (1), neocaesalpin N(2), caesalmin F (3) and α-caesalpin (4). Among them, compound 1 is a new diterpene, compounds 2-4 were isolated for the first time from the plant of C. decapetala.

Mangroves are the most important coastal blue carbon sinks. The accurate estimation on the carbon sequestration capacity of plant communities would guide the mangrove conservation, afforestation and management. This study investigated the vegetation carbon stocks of dominant mangrove communities, which were Avicennia marina, Kandelia obovata, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Sonneratia apetala in Futian Nature Mangrove Reserve in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province of China. Vegetation carbon stock consisted of living trees (aboveground and belowground biomass), understory, pneumatophore, standing dead trees, fallen dead trees and litter in these communities. The net primary productivity (NPP) was calculated from the litterfall and incremental growth in the same year of each community. Our results showed that the vegetation carbon stocks for A. marina, K. obovata, S. caseolaris, and S. apetala communities were 28.7, 127.6, 100.1, and 73.6 t C·hm -2 , and the NPP were 8.75, 7.67, 9.60, and 11.8 t C·hm -2 ·a -1 , respectively. Therefore, acting as urban forests, Futian mangroves in Shenzhen assimilated about 4000 t CO 2 ·a -1 . These results provided guidance for mangrove blue carbon assessment, and theoretical basis for the construction of coastal carbon sequestration forests in China.

To study the triterpenoids from the roots of Rosa laevigata. The silica gel column chromatography was used to separate the chemical constituents from the roots of Rosa laevigata Michx. HPLC was used to analyze its purity, chemical and spectroscopy methods were used to determine their structures. 12 constituents were isolated and identified as(2R, 19R)methyl 2-acetyloxy-19- hydroxyl-3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-carboxylate(1), pomonic acid (2), 18, 19-seco, 2α, 3α-dihydroxy-19-oxo-urs-11, 13(18)-dien-28-oic acid(3), swinhoeic acid (4), myrianthic acid(5), 2α, 3β, 19α-trihydroxy-24-oxo-urs-12-en-oic acid (6), tormentic acid(7), arjunic acid (8), 1β-hydroxyeuscaphic acid(9), quadranoside Ⅷ (10), alpinoside(11), rubuside B (12). Compounds 1-4, 6, 9, 11-12 were obtained from this plant for the first time. Compounds 2-4, 6, 11-12 were obtained from the genus Rosa for the first time., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To observe morphological changes of enteric nervous system (ENS)-interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC)-smooth muscle cell (SMC) structure injury in deep muscle nerve plexus offunctional dyspepsia (FD) rats, and the repair of Shuwei Decoction (SD) on it, and to explore its effecton FD., Methods: Totally 72 rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the lowdose SD group, the medium dose SD group, and the high dose SD group, the Mosapride group, 12 ineach group. Rats in the low dose SD group, the medium dose SD group, and the high dose SD group were intragastrically fed with SD at 0.767, 1.534, 3.068 g/mL, respectively. Rats in the Mosapride group were intragastrically fed with Mosapride (1.37 mg/kg). FD rat model with Gan depression Pi deficiency syndrome (GDPDS) was established using complex pathogenic factors. Corresponding liquors were respectively administered to rats in corresponding groups from the 3rd day after modeling. Distilled water(10 mL/kg) was administered to rats in the control group and the model group, once per day for 14 successive days. Rats were sacrificed and small intestine tissues collected for observing ENS-ICC-SMC structure injury using immunofluorescence double labeling, laser scanning confocal microscope, and transmission electron microscope at day 15. Repair of SD on it was also observed., Results: ENS-ICC SMC structure was incomplete, with obvious injury in mutual link of ICC, ICC, SMC, and connecting structure. ENS-ICC-SMC structure was more complete in high, medium, and low dose SD groups, with close link of ICC and SMO. Their connecting structures were in good conditions., Conclusion: SD could keep the integrity of ENS-ICC-SMC structure by promoting regeneration and morphology of ICC, thereby, improving gastrointestinal movement disorder and showing therapeutic effect on FD.

Fifteen cassaen-type diterpenes were isolated from the 95% ethanolic extract of the seeds of C. minax through various chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data as pulcherralpin (1), caesalpinin ML (2), chamaetexane C (3), chamaetexane D (4), 6β, 18-diacetoxycassan-13, 15-diene (5), neocaesalpin K (6), neocaesalpin MP (7), neocaesalpin M (8), neocaesalpin Q (9), neocaesalpin P (10), neocaesalpin R (11), caesaldekarin D (12), caesaldekarin A (13), caesaldekarin b (14), 3β,6α-diacetoxyvouacapane (15). Among them, compounds 14, 9-11 were isolated from this plant for the first time.