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This paper presents a method to establish typical operating conditions for train traction systems by combining site-based short trip analysis with nonparametric tests, in order to overcome various obstacles, such as inadequate efficiency testing results based on rated points of train traction systems, which often fail to accurately reflect the actual energy efficiency level of systems during long-distance operation under multiple conditions, and the existing absence of typical operating conditions essential for supporting the evaluation of traction systems' energy efficiency levels and guiding the energy-saving design of products. First, short trips were categorized, screened and randomly combined. Then, the optimal short-trip combination was identified through nonparametric tests. Subsequently, the typical operating conditions were developed, taking the traction system of an electric locomotive model as a case study. Furthermore, the proposed method was verified by analyzing errors in operating characteristic parameters and assessing the similarities in velocity-force (V-F) distribution probability two-dimensional matrix. The verification results revealed a deviation between the constructed typical operating conditions and the characteristic values derived from sampled data at 4.54%, and the consistency in V-F distribution probabilities at 98.06%. These findings indicate that the method proposed in this paper accurately reflects the actual operating characteristics of train traction systems, with the established typical operating conditions closely aligning with the actual operating conditions of train traction systems, underscoring their potential for aiding in energy-saving design and energy efficiency evaluation for train traction systems.

The rapid development of electric vehicles has led to a yearly increase in charging load levels， characterized by strong randomness and unpredictability. Therefore， research on load forecasting for charging stations holds significant importance. Firstly， to address the inaccuracy of single-factor forecasting models that only consider load fluctuation trends， this paper analyzes the impact of multiple factors on the accuracy of charging station load forecasting. A load forecasting model is established that takes into account multiple influencing factors and is based on CNN-LSTM （convolutional neural network， long short-term memory）. Subsequently， given the impact of strong randomness of charging load on the model， an error correction method based on the random forest （RF） algorithm is proposed. Finally， the paper conducts simulation verification using real charging station load data as a case study. The research results indicate that the load prediction of the CNN-LSTM model， corrected by the RF algorithm， can accurately cover real values. Compared to the LSTM single model and the non-corrected CNN-LSTM model， it exhibits higher forecasting accuracy and practical value.

In order to accurately measure and analyze energy efficiency of traction systems, especially in the current absence of relevant standard references, this article presents an energy efficiency measurement system developed based on the requirements of IEC 62888-2:2018 for electric energy testing and GB/T 25117.1-2010 for torque and speed measuring instruments, taking the traction system of electric multiple units (EMUs) as the research object. To improve measurement accuracy, a purpose-made high-voltage acquisition board with isolation is designed to directly collect the output voltage signal of the 27.5 kV transformer and a pulse-type output torque-speed sensor to measure the mechanical parameters of the traction motor, enabling synchronous collection of both electrical and mechanical parameters. Through experiments conducted with standard signal sources, it is verified that the measurement accuracy of system energy consumption surpasses the standard requirement by 1.5%. Furthermore, regarding measurement of mechanical parameters, the torque accuracy exceeds the standard requirement by 0.5%, while the speed accuracy surpasses it by 0.1%. Meanwhile, in order to verify the system accuracy in dynamic energy consumption measurement, a high-precision power analyzer and this measurement system were used to simultaneously measure the energy consumption of the traction system with the same track data, revealing a relative error of less than 1%

To explore the effects of absorbed dose and particle size on enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of reed straws (Phragmites australias), the straws were irradiated with γ-ray irradiation at different doses (0-500 kGy) and then passed through different aperture sieves after mechanical grinding. The effects of absorbed doses and sieving aperture size on particle size distribution, comminution energy, main component content, enzymatic hydrolysis conversion rate, and ethanol conversion rate of cellulose were examined, and the optimal respective sieving aperture for reed straws with different absorbed doses were determined. The results showed that with decreasing sieve aperture size, reed straw quality decreased significantly and was negatively correlated with the absorbed dose; the comminution energy of reed straws decreased with increasing absorbed doses. With respect to consistent quality of sieved reed straws, the comminution energy increased significantly with decreasing sieving particle size. In reed straws with the same absorbed dose, the enzymatic hydrolysis conversion rate and ethanol conversion rate of cellulose increased with decreasing sieving aperture size. Compared with reed straws with particle size r ˂ 0.850 mm, the cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis conversion rates in reed straws with particle size r ˂ 0.180 mm increased by 129.20%, 85.98%, and 106.63% at absorbed doses of 0 kGy, 206 kGy, and 404 kGy, respectively, and cellulose ethanol conversion increased by 136.04%, 21.75%, and 4.39%, respectively. By compre- hensively comparing the increased ratios of comminution energy, cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis conversion rate, and cellulose ethanol conversion rate, the optimal sieving aperture of non-irradiated (0 kGy) reed straws was deter-mined to be 0.850 mm, and that of reed straws irradiated with 206 kGy or 404 kGy was determined to be 0.425 mm.

Objective To explore the effect of myofascial release technique in the treatment of stage Ⅲ lymphedema after breast cancer surgery. Methods The clinical data of breast cancer-related stage Ⅲ lymphedema patients treated in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2016 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected. According to different treatment methods, the patients were divided into manual therapy group and conventional therapy group. The conventional therapy group was treated with conventional bandage compression combined with exercise training, while the manual therapy group was treated with myofascial release technique before bandage compression and exercise training. Both groups were treated 2-3 times a week, 25-30 times in total. Limb volume, pain, range of motion (ROM), and limb function were evaluated before treatment, at the end of treatment, and 3 months after treatment, with limb volume as the primary outcome index. Results A total of 79 breast cancer patients with stage Ⅲ lymphedema who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled, including 39 in the conventional therapy group and 40 in the manual therapy group. There was no significant difference in limb volume, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, flexion and abduction ROM, and disability arm shoulder hand (DASH) score between the two groups before treatment (all P > 0.05). Compared with the conventional therapy group, the affected limb volume in the manual therapy group was reduced at the end of treatment[(2511.70±437.08)cm3 vs. (2823.58±537.60)cm3, P=0.006] and 3 months after treatment[(2492.91±446.52)cm3 vs. (2813.90±533.87)cm3, P=0.005], and VAS and DASH scores were decreased (all P < 0.05), while the anteriorflexion and abduction ROM of the affected limb were increased 3 months after treatment (all P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that in the manual therapy group the mean reduction of limb volume after treatment was 156.260 cm3(95% CI: 124.264-188.255, P < 0.001) more than that in the conventional therapy group; the mean reduction of VAS score was 0.557(95% CI: 0.163-0.951, P=0.006) more than that in the conventional therapy group; and the mean reduction of DASH score was 16.590(95% CI: 12.270-20.911, P < 0.001) more than that in the conventional therapy group; the average increase of anteriorflexion ROM was 7.390(95% CI: 2.016-12.763, P=0.007) more than that in the conventional therapy group, and the average increase of abduction ROM was 12.737(95% CI: 6.320-19.153, P < 0.001) more than that in the conventional therapy group. Conclusions Myofascial relaxation may be associated with the reduction of the volume of stage Ⅲ lymphedema in patients with breast cancer. It can relieve pain and restore joint function to a certain extent.

In this study, Triarrhena lutarioriparia was irradiated by a 5 MeV electron accelerator. The effects of temperature, formic acid concentration, and absorbed dose on the separation efficiency of cellulose from Triarrhena lutarioriparia were investigated, and the separation conditions of cellulose from Triarrhena lutarioriparia were optimized by an orthogonal test. Results showed that the optimal parameters were an absorbed dose of 200 kGy, mass fraction of formic acid of 88%, oil bath temperature of 110 ℃, and reaction time of 2 h. Under these conditions, the purity of cellulose was 73.26%, and the extraction rate of cellulose was 92.99%. Under the conditions of a solid—liquid ratio of 1∶10, cellulase dosage of 15 FPU/g, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 50 ℃, and rotation speed of 130 r/min, an enzymatic hydrolysis reaction of Triarrhena lutarioriparia cellulose, derived from the irradiation-assisted formic acid treatment, was conducted. After 96 h, the cellulose conversion rate reached 28.43%, which was 2.43 times higher than that of the untreated raw material. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that the structure of the separated cellulose components was intact, and the crystallinity increased significantly after treatment.

Rapeseed straw was used as raw material to investigate the changes in the lignocellulosic components, types and contents of degradation products after different absorbed doses of 60Co-γ-ray irradiation, and the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation characteristics were evaluated in this research. The results showed that the contents of cellulose, xylan and lignin decreased, the total amount of water-soluble components increased, and the pH of water extract gradually decreased in the rapeseed straw with the increase of irradiation absorbed dose. The total amount of four types of small molecular fatty acids in the degradation products of rapeseed straw gradually increased with the irradiation absorbed dose increasing, reaching a maximum of 9.25 mg/g after 1 000 kGy irradiated. The total amount of nine types of small molecular aromatic degradation products first increased and then decreased, reaching a maximum of 0.22 mg/g in 800 kGy irradiated rapeseed straw. The cellulose conversion rate and glucose concentration of rapeseed straw by enzymatic hydrolysis increased with the increase of irradiation absorbed dose. The cellulose conversion rate decreased and the glucose concentration in enzymatic hydrolysate gradually increased with increasing substrate concentration. The cellulose conversion rate for enzymatic hydrolysis was 57.55% and ethanol conversion rate was less than 10% of 800 kGy irradiated rapeseed straw at 15% substrate concentration in separate hydrolysis and fermentation. Irradiation combined with water extraction significantly improved the enzymatic and fermentation efficiency of rapeseed straw. The cellulose conversion rate and glucose concentration for enzymatic hydrolysis were 71.62% and 40.38 mg/mL, respectively, the ethanol conversion rate was 64.00% after 48 h of separate fermentation, and the glucose in fermentation broth was completely consumed for 800 kGy irradiated rapeseed straw after water extraction at 15% substrate concentration.

The effect of 5-MeV electron accelerator irradiation of 400 kGy on the formic acid cycling separation of cellulose, lignin, and xylose from Triarrhena lutarioriparia (TL) were studied, and the enzymatic conversion rate and structural characteristics of TL cellulose were analyzed. For 400 kGy irradiated TL, the results revealed that the average purity of cellulose was 81.13% and the recovery of lignin and xylose were 28.68% and 10.16%, respectively, which were higher than those of the unirradiated sample. The recovery of cellulose, concentration of xylose, and purity of lignin increased with the increase in cycle times. The final concentration of xylose for pre- and post-irradiated TL were 31.35 mg/mL and 37.35 mg/mL, respectively, and the purity of lignin was more than 90%. Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction results revealed that TL cellulose separated by formic acid were formylated and exhibited high crystallinity. The enzymatic conversion rate of TL cellulose was 54.30%–57.47% after hydrolysis for 120 h, this rate was considerably higher than that of TL. These results indicated that the formic acid recycling fractionation process could effectively separate TL lignocellulosic components, which could support its large-scale utilization.

We used 60Co-γ ray and electron beam irradiation to mutate Bacillus velezensis to breed genetically stable mutant strains. The mutant strains were screened and re-screened by plate confrontation and the four-point method to study their antibacterial effects on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The results demonstrated that the D10 value of Bacillus velezensis suspension irradiated by 60Co-γ ray was 2 366 Gy, and the lethality rate increased with an increase in the irradiation coefficient dose in the range of 100-2 000 Gy. The lethality rate of Bacillus velezensis was 81.8% at 2 000 Gy irradiation coefficient dose, and five mutants (B004, B112, B114, B117, and B118) were screened. The inhibition rate against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides increased from 51.2% of the original strain to 57.5%, 58.0%, 57.0%, 57.7%, and 59.9%, respectively. The Bacillus velezensis suspension was irradiated by an electron beam (10 MeV), the D10 value was 499 Gy, and the lethality rate increased with an increase in the irradiation coefficient dose in the range of 100-600 Gy. The lethality rate of Bacillus velezensis was 91.8% at 400 Gy irradiation coefficient dose. Two mutant strains (D115 and D243) were screened, and their inhibition rates against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides increased from 55.2% of the emitted strains to 58.4 and 58.1%, respectively. The inhibitory effects of B004, B112, B117, and B118 mutants on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were genetically stable within six generations. In conclusion, γ-ray and electron beam irradiation have potential application value in the mutation breeding of Bacillus velezensis. The results provide a basis for Bacillus velezensis mutation breeding and a theoretical reference for the biological control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

The study investigated the chemical composition, supramolecular structures, particle size distribution, and enzymatic efficiency of Phragmites australis lignocelluloses (PALs) with different moisture contents and treatment with 5 MeV electron beam irradiation. After irradiation, regardless of the moisture content, all PAL samples were degraded, their supramolecular structures were damaged, and the proportion of small PAL particles and the PAL enzymatic conversion rate increased significantly. There was no obvious difference in the apparent morphology, chemical structure, or crushed particle size distribution of PAL samples with different moisture contents when the absorbed dose was the same, but the enzymatic efficiency was negatively correlated with moisture content. The cellulose enzymatic conversion rates of PAL samples with 5%, 10%, and 50% moisture content were 22.24%, 19.76%, and 18.57%, respectively, and the enzymatic conversion rates of hemicellulose were 25.04%, 23.84%, and 19.56%, respectively, after 500 kGy electron beam irradiation. Meanwhile, the cellulose enzymatic conversion rates of PAL with 5%, 10%, and 50% moisture content were 54.09%, 47.27%, and 49.24%, respectively, and the enzymatic conversion rates of hemicellulose were 62.30%, 53.25%, and 47.83%, respectively, after 1 000 kGy electron beam irradiation. When the absorbed dose was 500 kGy, PAL cellulose and hemicellulose samples with 5% moisture content were severely degraded compared to samples with 10% and 50%. Meanwhile, when the absorbed dose was 1 000 kGy, the PAL cellulose and hemicellulose samples with 50% moisture content were severely degraded compared to those with 5% and 10% moisture content. Moreover, more cellulose and hemicellulose with 50% moisture content in PAL were degraded to non-carbohydrate substances compared to those with 5% and 10% moisture content.

The exploration of marine controlled source electromagnetic survey for gas hydrate generally consists of a dynamic horizontal electric dipole source towed in the sea water and a static receiver array allocated on the seafloor. In this paper, two orthogonal horizontal components of electric field excited by a horizontal electric dipole source upon one-dimensional horizontal-layered seafloor are calculated to study the effect of different arrangements and gas hydrate models on the response of electric field. There are several dominant factors determining the variation of induced field, including transmitting frequency of the source, distance between the source and the seafloor, water depth, thickness of the overburden layer, as well as physical and chemical structure of the gas hydrate model. Modeling results suggest that the amplitude of received electric fields can reach up to 10-16–10-10 V /(A·m2) by adjusting transmitting frequency; keeping the source being towed several tens of meters above the seafloor can improve the survey efficiency but not decrease the quality of collected data; deep water environment and shallow thin overburden layer are favorable for the survey because of their attribution to signal-to-noise ratio; the porosity and saturation of gas hydrate have significant influence on medium resistivity-the higher resistivity the medium has, the bigger the amplitude of electric field response will be. Forward modeling can provide valuable information for the development of instruments and the design of survey to detect gas hydrate. 摘 要: 海底天然气水合物电磁勘探采用动态水平电偶源发射与静态阵列式海底偶极接收的测量方式。基于一维地电模型，求解海底水平层状介质的电偶源电场响应，得到海底两个水平正交电场的传播表达式，据此研究天然气水合物电场响应的影响因素。对供电频率、电偶源离地高度、海水深度、覆盖层厚度以及天然气水合物地层自身的物理化学结构等因素与归一化电场幅值的关系分别进行了计算分析，结果显示：调整供电频率可使归一化电场幅值变化于10－16～10－10 V/(A·m2)；将电偶源施放至离海底数十米高度进行拖曳可获得较好的作业效果，且不改变信号采集的质量；深水及浅薄覆盖层属于有利的探测环境，该环境下的感应场源具有较高的信噪比；天然气水合物的孔隙度、饱和度影响介质电阻率值，其电阻率越高，电场响应幅值越大。正演模拟结果可对天然气水合物探测设备研制及海洋作业提出切实可行的设计方案。图7参22 Key words: marine exploration, controlled source electromagnetic method, gas hydrate, electric field response, forward modeling

The intensive scale feeding of cattle and sheep in China co-exists with the traditional grazing mode. The traditional grazing mode is easily affected by climate, season and other factors, and the unstable forage supply and unbalanced feed nutrition become the restricting factors for the development of the cattle and sheep industry. The use of a total mixed diet can not only solve the problem of nutritional instability of cattle and sheep feed, improve production efficiency, but also make full use of agricultural and industrial by-products, protect the environment, and achieve green, healthy and sustainable development of the cattle and sheep industry. The paper reviews the research progress of the preparation principle and technology of total mixed diet and its effect on the production stage of cattle and sheep, aiming to provide a reference for the use of total mixed diet in the production of cattle and sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromium is a necessary trace element for livestock and plays an important role in animal metabolism, which mainly exists in the form of trivalent chromium. As a component of glucose tolerance factor (GTF), it is to promote the function of insulin, participate in the metabolism of glucose, lipid, nucleic acid and protein. It can lower blood sugar, reduce fat deposition, maintain RNA structural integrity, and promote amino acid absorption and transport. Chromium is widely used in livestock production, and it has a good effect on regulating organism homeostasis and alleviating animal stress. In dairy cow production, chromium can regulate rumen pH value, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and volatile fatty acid (VFA). It can relieve heat stress, enhance the immunity of dairy cows, improve postpartum negative energy balance and promote postpartum recovery of dairy cows through blood sugar regulation. The reproductive performance of dairy cows is affected by regulating reproductive hormone levels. Based on the biological mechanism of chromium, the paper reviews the application of chromium in regulating rumen fermentation, improving the production and reproductive performance of dairy cows, to provide a reference for efficient application of chromium in dairy cow production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a) knockout on the expression of microglial cells in the hypothalamus of mice. Methods A total of 12 male GHS-R1a-/- mice, aged 6 months, were selected as GHS-R1a-/- group, and 12 wild-type (WT) male mice of the same age were selected as WT group. The elevated plus maze (EPM) experiment was used to measure the level of anxiety in the two groups of mice, immunofluorescence assay was used to measure the number of microglial cells in the hypothalamus of the mice in the two groups, qRT-PCR was used to measure the gene expression levels of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), microglial activation protein CD68, and myeloid cell trigger receptor 2 (Trem2) in the hypothalamus of the mice in both groups. Results There was no significant difference in the results of the EPM test between the two groups (P>0.05). Immunofluorescence assay showed that compared with the WT group, the GHS-R1a-/- group had a significantly higher number of microglial cells in the hypothalamus (t=4.61,P

To evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) application rates on the growth, photosynthetic traits and yield of winter wheat under elevated atmospheric ammonia (NH3) concentrations could provide guidance for N management under high NH3 environment. We conducted a split-plot experiment for two consecutive years (2020-2021 and 2021-2022) with top-open chambers. The treatments included two NH3 concentrations [elevated ambient NH3 concentration at 0.30-0.60 mg ⋅ m-3(EAM) and air NH3 concentration at 0.01-0.03 mg ⋅ m-3 (AM) ] and two N application rates [recommended N dose (+N) and no N application (-N) ]. We analyzed the effects of aforemen-tioned treatments on net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), chlorophyll content (SPAD value), plant height, and grain yield. The results showed that averaged across the two years, EAM significantly increased Pn, gs, and SPAD values at the jointing and booting stages at the -N level by 24.6%, 16.3%, 21.9% and 20.9%, 37.1%, 5.7%, respectively, compared with AM. However, EAM significantly decreased Pn, gs, and SPAD values at jointing and booting stages at +N level by 10.8%, 5.9%, 3.6% and 6.8%, 18.9%, 9.3%, respectively, over AM treatment. There was a significant effect of NH3 treatment, N application rates and their interaction on plant height and grain yield. Compared with AM, EAM increased the average plant height and grain yield by 4.5% and 32.1% at -N level and decreased by 1.1% and 8.5% at +N level, respectively. In a nutshell, the elevated ambient NH3 concentration had positive effect on photosynthetic characteristics, plant height, and grain yield under ambient N condition, but a inhibitory effect under N application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The arid region of Northwest China is a vital land resource reserve for China. However, restricted by water shortage and low land quality, high-quality agricultural development in this region is difficult to achieve. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a development path of modern ecological agriculture that is intensive and efficient. This study analyzed the current status and major problems of agricultural development in the arid region of Northwest China and constructed a theoretical framework for improving the quality and efficiency of modern agriculture in the region. The characteristics and functions of agricultural development in the grassland pastoral, agro-pastoral, rain-fed agricultural, and irrigated agricultural areas in this region were clarified. Based on the optimal allocation of natural, scientific, economic, and social resources of agriculture, the study proposed core technologies or methods for achieving breakthroughs in efficient use of water and soil resources, planting structure adjustment and mode optimization, technological innovation in precise control of agricultural production, industrialization, and sustainable development. Four development models with distinctive regional characteristics were formed: (1) modern ecological agriculture in pastoral areas emphasizing forage and green manure crop production; (2) modern ecological agriculture in agro-pastoral areas with equal emphasis on forage, grain, and cash crop production; (3) modern ecological agriculture in rain-fed areas emphasizing grain, forestry, and fruit production; and (4) modern ecological agriculture in irrigated areas emphasizing grain, cash crop, forestry, and fruit production. Thus, the production, ecological, teaching, research, and leisure functions of agriculture can be realized. To promote the high-quality development of the modern ecological agriculture in the arid region of Northwest China, the following countermeasures are proposed: (1) scientifically planning the agricultural development pattern by optimizing agricultural function zoning, (2) improving the compensation mechanism for ecological agriculture and creating a green accounting system, (3) promoting industrial integration and establishing a development concept of modern ecological agriculture, (4) constructing a green technology innovation and promotion service system for the development of modern ecological agriculture, and (5) cultivating agricultural and rural talents to improve the talent policy system.

An experimental study is conducted to investigate the surface integrity in spindle barrel finishing of 14CrMnSiNi2MoA aviation cylindrical spur gears. The surface morphology, residual stress, microhardness, microstructure of aviation gears before and after barrel finishing are systematically studied by professional instruments. The results indicate that the gear surface integrity can be significantly improved by spindle barrel finishing. The surface roughness of the gear reduces to less than 0.2 μm and the average residual compressive stress of the gear surface increases by about 45%. The hardness of the gear surface also increases. The results of surface roughness and residual stress distribution before and after barrel finishing reveal that the increase of residual compressive stress and decrease of roughness of the gear surface increase gradually from the root to the top of the gear, which provides a basis for the setting and designing of processing parameters in barrel finishing.

Northwest China is strategically crucial for China’s economic development, social stability, and national defense security. However, the shortage of water resources and its fragile ecological environment have been hindering local economic development and life quality improvement for local residents. In this study, we analyze the characteristics of agricultural production and trade in Northwest China from 2000 to 2018 from the perspective of water footprint and virtual water, and clarifies the impact of virtual water flow on local water resources. Research shows that the water footprint regarding crop production in Northwest China showed a fluctuating upward trend from 2000 to 2018. The outflow scale of virtual water gradually increases alongside with the transfer-out of fruits and cotton. The outflow of virtual water regarding fruits and cotton in Northwest China was 3.212 × 1011 m3 in 2018, accounting for 69.8 % of the total water footprint regarding crop production. The Yellow River Basin is the primary inflow area of virtual water from Northwest China, and the region northwest to the “Qice line” is the primary outflow area of virtual water. Water shortage is severe in Northwest China and fruit and cotton are planted for trade to drive economic growth. Therefore, optimizing the crop planting and virtual water trade structures and encouraging inter-basin water transfer are key measures to regulate physical–virtual water cycle, alleviate the contradiction between water supply and demand, and ensure regional water security.

To find the optional cultivation measure for synergistic improvement of yield and potassium use efficiency, oil sunflower field experiments were carried out from 2015 to 2017 under 3 plastic mulching cultivation modes in semi - arid area in Gansu Province. Oil sunflower cultivar Longkuiza 3 was used. The 3 modes included open field ( Zl), full plastic - film double - furrow sowing (Z2), and full plastic - film double - furrow sowing with supplemental irrigation (Z3) 4 potassium rates were set as 0 (K0), 48 (K48), 84 (K84) and 120 kg/hm (K120). Results showed that plastic mulch cultivation and potassium rate had significant effects on yield, dry matter accumulation and potassium use efficiency. The interaction between modes and potassium rates was significant. The effects on grain yield, dry matter accumulation and potassium utilization efficiency were in the order of Z3 > Z2 > Z1 with significant differences. Compared to Z1 mode, Z3 modes increased yield and potassium utilization efficiency 170.1% and 103.9% respectively; and Z2 modes increased yield and potassium utilization efficiency 184.3% and 143.7%. Yield and dry matter accumulation were both increased under potassium rates in the order of K120 > K84 > K48 > KO. Significant differences were found between the potassium rates except between K120 and K84. With the increase of potassium rates, potassium partial factor productivity was decreased, while potassium agronomic efficiency and utilization efficiency were improved. The latter two traits reached the peaks under 84 kg/hm. It indicated that synergistic improvement could be achieved on oil sunflower yield and both potassium agronomic efficiency and utilization efficiency. In summary, in this experimental field condition, the Z3 mode (full plastic-film double -furrow sowing with supplemental irrigation) and 84kg/hm potassium rate were the optimal, and the effect of supplementary irrigation was obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the biological roles and potential regulatory mechanisms of microRNA-4465 (miR-4465) in colon cancer cells. Methods qPCR was used to detect the miR-4465 levels in SW480, HT-29 and HCT-116 cells; then miR-4465 was overexpressed in HCT-116 cells, and cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively; the Caspase-3 activity was measured by a kit; the cell invasion was detected by Transwell assay; the targeting relation between miR-4465 and HMGA1, HMGA2, EZH2 were determined by the luciferase reporter gene assay. The protein and mRNA expression levels of HMGA1, HMGA2 and EZH2 were detected by Western blot and qPCR, respectively. Results The expression of miR-4465 was significantly down-regulated in SW480, HT-29 and HCT-116 cells (P < 0.05). Overexpression of miR-4465 reduced the viability of HCT-116 cells, increased cell apoptosis, enhanced Caspase-3 activity and suppressed cell invasion (all P < 0.05). MiR-4465 directly targeted 3'-UTR of HMGA1, HMGA2 or EZH2, thereby regulating their expression negatively. Conclusion MiR-4465 overexpression could reduce the viability of colon cancer cells, promote cell apoptosis and suppress cell invasion, which may be related to the negative regulation of HMGA1, HMGA2 or EZH2.

The scientific principles of triboelectrostatic were thoroughly analyzed from the dynamic perspective. The structure and working process of rotary triboelectric separation and its influencing factors on decarbonization of fly ash were described. Besides,on the basis of the thing that the size composition and mineral composition of fly ash samples were analyzed. To confirm the effect of the major innovative factors, charging voltage and co-flow velocity, the single factor experiments were conducted. The results show that the stronger electric field force that perpendicular to electiode plate and the weaker flow disturbance are more and more favorable to the separation of the charged particles in separation cavity; the charging voltage does not play the role of strengthening the separation efficiency, even make it weakened; the co-flow velocity has significant effect on the decarbonization of fly ash. And with the increase of co-flow velocity, the impact of separation declines, and then increases and later began to declines again. The best level is 2. 0 m/s within the range determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaving behind the solutions to modernist architecture alienation from the form level, which is adopted by the postmodern ideology of architecture, this study turns to a spatial approach. It holds that traditional architecture theory is different from modernist architecture theory in that the latter inherits the thought of scientific rational space. All the related elements are subjugated to this thought, which serves as the core of architectural theoretical principles. Led by this thought, the intended function is transformed into the objective quantified target, the methodological construction into the mechanical empirical approach and the resultant form into the mathematical geometric representation. In essence, modernist architecture is rational space, understanding of which will enable us to be relieved of contradictions and dilemmas and finally "dwell poetically". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective ] Spatial characteristics of tobacco soil nutrients in Baise were studied to provide references for the layout of high quality tobacco production. [ Method ] Kriging was used to analyze soil pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, cation exchange capacity (CEC (, organic matter and chlorine content. [ Result ] The results showed that effective phosphorus spatial correlation of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and chlorine was higher. The effective nitrogen and potassium were strongly influenced by random factors. Soil nutrient suitability classification standard was given and the soil was classified according to the classification standard and characteristics of spatial distribution of soil nutrients. The classification results showed that soil physical and chemical properties in Baise were suitable for flue-cured tobacco planting, but there were deficient chloride and potassium. [ Conclusion ] The majority soil of Baise is suitable for planting flue-cured tobacco. The region with low pH, potassium and chlorine content or high nitrogen should be paid special attention to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Do jumps happen in the Chinese stock market when major events occur? What are the feature of these jumps? In this article, we adopted dynamic Jump-Garch model and analysize conditional mean, conditional variance, intensity and amplitude changes of jump. The result shows that jump intensity and amplitude of political events is greatest, together with weak hysteresis quality and endurance; natural disaster perform contrarily; economic events are placed in the middle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livestock feces and domestic sewage are the one of the main factors inducing water pollution, while the identification of the pollution source is particularly important in pollution control and management. Because of this, microbial source tracking (MST) has recently been paid more and more attention by the related researchers around the world. In this paper, the research progress of two types of MST methods, their advantages and disadvantages, and existing problems in application were reviewed and discussed. It was considered that in the library-and culture-dependent MST methods, PCR genotyping based on repetitive sequences was most practicable, while in the library-and culture-independent MST methods, PCR-DGGE based on the gene of specificity in Escherichia coli had a very glaring sight. Future researches should be more focused on the library-and culture-independent MST, and the combination of library-and culture-dependent MST with library-and culture-independent MST could make the tracking results more credible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fuzzy tight wavelet neural network integrated with least square weighted fusion algorithm based fault diagnosis for power transformer using dissolved gas-in-oil analysis (DGA) was proposed. The tight wavelet neural network was constituted taking the nonlinear Morlet wavelet radices as the stimulant function, combining the advantages of wavelet analysis and neural networks. In the system diagnosis process, six trained child fuzzy wavelets, which have the same training sample set, different learning rate, middle hidden layer number and correlative parameter, diagnose the fault respectively, then the diagnosis results of the six child fuzzy wavelets NN are fused with LS weighted fusion algorithm, and the fault types with the fused result are identified finally. The mechanism has a good classified diagnosis ability. The advantages and effectiveness of this method are verified by the test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with cerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglia were treated with hemocoagulase combined with aminomethylbenzoic acid from May 2010 to April 2013 in our hospital, and hematoma volume and neurological impairment were compared with the control group before and after treatment. This study confirmed that hemocoagulase combined with aninomethylbenzoic acid is a safe and effective method for cerebral hemorrhage in basal ganglia. It can effectively prevent the hematoma enlargement and improve neurological function and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online teaching is an effective supplement to traditional teaching. Especially under the influence of from pandemic COVID-19,online education has played an indispensable and important role. However, with the fast development of teaching resources, there is a need for building of standards and norms, quality of resource construction and the outcome evaluation of technology application in online education.This article tries to analyze the deficiencies of performance evaluation in the construction of medical online teaching resources, establish a reasonable evaluation framework, formulate different resource evaluation systems combined with qualitative and quantitative analysis and to introduce theories such as Deming Cycle, and to establish a long-term dynamic evaluation mechanism in order to implement effective evaluation of medical online teaching resources, therefore to guide the optimization of online teaching resources unitilizaion, promote the application of smart technology and thus improve the learning outcomes of education.

Image-based 3D reconstruction is widely used in practice due to less hardware constraints,lower cost and higher flexibility.Especially for the problems of sparseness and uneven density of the three-dimensional point cloud data generated by the image due to the occlusion between various parts of the object,it has always been a difficulty and hot issue to deal with.In this paper,a mask-based sparse point cloud filtering algorithm is proposed.Firstly,the bounding box of the point cloud is calculated and the grid is adaptively divided according to the sparseness of the point cloud.Secondly,Depth-first search is used to recursively find all customized connected domains composed of grids generated at the first step.Then adaptively calculating the threshold based on the quantized importance index,selecting the connected domains that should be retained based on the adaptive threshold,and defining the set of all retained connected domains as a mask,which is used to describe the global spatial topology information of the sparse point cloud.Finally,points covered by the mask are retained while points of the uncovered area are removed,so as to filter the outliers.This method can handle the point cloud data generated by occlusion and with great differences in spatial density.It can effectively remove outliers in the original three-dimensional point cloud data,while maintaining the detailed information of the point cloud.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of sagittal top compression reduction technique in the treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 59 patients with thoracolumbar vertebral fractures who met the selection criteria and were admitted between November 2018 and January 2022. Among them, 34 patients were treated with sagittal top compression reduction technique (top pressure group), and 25 patients were treated with traditional reduction technique (traditional group). There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups ( P >0.05), including gender, age, fracture segment, cause of injury, AO classification of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures, thoracolumbar injury classification and severity (TLICS) score, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grading, surgical approach, preoperative vertebral body index, height ratio of the anterior margin of injured vertebra, injured vertebra angle, segmental kyphosis angle, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and Oswestry disability index (ODI). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and incidence of complications between the two groups were recorded and compared. After operation, VAS score and ODI were used to evaluate effectiveness, and X-ray and CT examinations were performed to measure imaging indicators such as vertebral body index, height ratio of the anterior margin of injured vertebra, injured vertebra angle, and segmental kyphosis angle., Results: There was no significant difference in operation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups ( P >0.05). No complication such as dural sac, nerve root, or vascular injury was found during operation, and all incisions healed by first intention. Patients in both groups were followed up 6-48 months, with an average of 20.6 months. No loosening, breakage, or failure of internal fixation occurred during follow-up. The imaging indicators, VAS score, and ODI of the two groups significantly improved at 1 week and last follow-up when compared to preoperative ones ( P <0.05). At last follow-up, the VAS score and ODI further significantly improved when compared to 1 week after operation ( P <0.05). At 1 week after operation and last follow-up, the vertebral body index, segmental kyphosis angle, injured vertebra angle, and ODI in the top pressure group were significantly better than those in the traditional group ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS score and height ratio of the anterior margin of injured vertebra between the two groups at 1 week after operation ( P >0.05), but the two indicators in the top pressure group were significantly better than those in the traditional group at last follow-up ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: The treatment of thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with sagittal top compression reduction technique can significantly improve the quality of vertebral reduction, and is superior to traditional reduction techniques in relieving pain and improving spinal function.

Objective: To investigate the significance of peripheral blood lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) and corrected levels of serum calcium (cCa) as prognostic markers for the newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients., Methods: The clinical data of 114 newly diagnosed MM patients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2013 to March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify the optimal cutoff value, and the patients were divided into high LMR group and low LMR group (LMR≥3.35 and LMR < 3.35). Moreover, the patients were divided into four groups according to initial diagnosis LMR and LMR after four courses of treatment (LMR4): Group A (LMR≥3.35, LMR4≥3.35), Group B (LMR≥3.35, LMR4 < 3.35), Group C (LMR < 3.35, LMR4≥3.35), and group D (LMR < 3.35, LMR4 < 3.35). The simple prognosis model was established by combined with LMR and cCa, the patients were divided into Group a (no risk factor), group b (1 risk factor) and Group c (2 risk factors). Independent sample T-test, Pearson Chi-square test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to evaluate the differences between various parameters, and Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used for survival analysis., Results: The median follow-up time was 13.05（0.1-72.5）months. Survival analysis showed that the patients with low LMR predicted poor prognosis, the overall survival (OS) time of the patients with low LMR was significantly shorter (17 vs 50.5 months, P=0.006) than the patients with high LMR, the difference was also significant between group A and Group D (56.5 vs 30.5 months, P=0.043). The OS of the patients was also significantly shorter in the high cCa group (≥2.75 mmol/L) compared with normal group (8.5 vs 34 months, P=0.006). Multivariate survival analysis showed that LMR < 3.35 (P=0.028) and cCa≥2.75 mmol/L (P=0.036) were the independent risk factors affecting prognosis of MM patients. The comparison of risk factors showed that the median OS of Group a, b and c was 50, 20, and 8.5 months, respectively. The prognosis of the patients without risk factors was better than that of patients with 1-2 risk factors (Group a vs Group b, P < 0.0001; Group a vs Group c, P=0.002)., Conclusion: LMR and cCa are the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of newly diagnosed MM patients, and the development of a simple prognosis system combining them can quickly identify the prognosis of newly diagnosed MM patients.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of local infiltration anesthesia of ropivacaine combined with compound betamethasone for postoperative analgesia in patients with hallux valgus., Methods: From September 2019 to December 2020, 48 patients with hallux valgus were treated surgically. According to different postoperative analgesia methods, the patients were divided into combined local infiltration group and intravenous analgesia pump group. There were 24 cases, in the combined local infiltration group including 2 males and 22 females;the age ranged from 21 to 78 years old, with an average of (58.3±7.7) years old;soft tissue release and chevron osteotomy were performed in 15 cases and metatarsophalangeal joint fusion in 9 cases;immediately after operation, 20 ml of ropivacaine combined with compound betamethasone mixed diluent was used for local infiltration anesthesia once. There were 24 patients in intravenous analgesia pump group, including 3 males and 21 females;the age ranged from 23 to 81 years old, with an average of(56.8±8.3) years old;soft tissue release and Chevron osteotomy were performed in 17 cases and metatarsophalangeal joint fusion in 7 cases;immediately after operation, intravenous analgesia pump was used for analgesia. The basic flow was 2 ml / h;the self control dose was 0.5 ml;and the locking time was 15 min. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was recorded at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after operation;and the VAS was recorded at 24 hours after operation. The occurrence of adverse drug reactions at 0 to 12 hours, 12 to 24 hours and 24 to 48 hours after operation were recorded;and the healing of incision was recorded., Results: All patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 14 to 17 days, with a mean of (14.60±0.92) days. There was significantdifference in VAS at 12, 24 and 48 hours between the combined local infiltration group and the intravenous analgesia pump group( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS between the two groups 72 hours after operation ( P >0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of adverse drug reactions between the two groups at 0 to 12 hours after operation ( P >0.05);there was significant difference in the number of adverse drug reactions 12 to 24 hours after operation ( P <0.05). No adverse drug reactions occurred in both groups 24 to 48 hours after operation. There was no significant difference in the grade of knife edge healing between the two groups after suture removal ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Compared with intravenous analgesia pump group, ropivacaine combined with compound betamethasone can significantly reduce postoperative wound pain without increasing adverse drug reactions, and does not increase wound infection.

A fast and simple ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography using diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD) technique has been developed for the simultaneous determination of 22 sunscreen agents (UV filters), viz. phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid (PBS), terephthalydene dicamphor sulfonic acid (TDS), benzophenone-4 (BZ4), camphor benzalkonium methosulfate (CBM), benzophenone-2 (BZ2), benzylidene camphor sulfonic acid (BCS), benzophenone-3 (BZ3), 3-benzylidene camphor (3BC), isoamyl p -methoxycinnamate (IMC), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (MBC), diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB), octocrylene (OCR), butyl methoxydibenzoyl methane (BDM), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (EDP), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EMC), homosalate (HS), ethylhexyl salicylate (ES), diethylhexyl butamido triazone (DBT), ethylhexyl triazone (ET), drometrizole trisiloxane (DRT), methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (MBP), and bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (EMT) in cosmetic products. Different parameters, such as column type, oven temperature, mobile phase composition, and detection wavelength, were studied. The best chromatographic separation was obtained under the following conditions: Poroshell 120 EC-C 18 (100 mm×4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) column set at 25 ℃ and gradient acetonitrile-isopropanol-water (containing 50 mmol/L ammonium acetate and 0.05% (v/v) formic acid) as the mobile phase, pumped at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, with a wavelength of 311 nm. The proposed UHPLC-DAD technique provided separation of the 22 target sunscreen agents within 35 min, with the optimized sample pretreatment procedure below. First, samples were mixed thoroughly by adding 2 mL or 5 mL tetrahydrofuran, followed by vortex and dispersal. If the wax samples were still not homogenized completely, an ultrasonic dispersal protocol with heating to 50 ℃ was adopted. Second, the homogeneous samples were ultrasonically extracted with ethanol containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid. The developed method showed good linear relationships, with correlation coefficients of no less than 0.998. Two kinds of samples with different matrix types were fortified at three levels. The average spiked recoveries of 22 UV filters ranged from 85.2% to 112.3%, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 0.5% to 6.5%. The limits of detection were between 0.7 and 64 mg/kg, and the limits of quantification ranged from 2.4 mg/kg to 215 mg/kg. Moreover, the stabilities of the mixed standard solutions at the levels of 2, 10, and 50 mg/L were tested. The stability results showed that drometrizole trisiloxane was stable for 12 h, while the others were stable for 36 h. The reliability of the developed method was demonstrated by applying it to 16 commercial sunscreen-containing cosmetic samples obtained from the Chinese market. The levels determined in this study agreed well with those of five commercial samples (such as emulsion and cream). The method developed was remarkably different from the standard method, which is mentioned in the Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics (2015 edition), especially in terms of mobile phase composition and extraction solvent. Compared to the standard method, this method bypassed the use of large amounts of corrosive solvents like tetrahydrofuran and perchloric acid, thus improving the extraction efficiency of low-polarity components like drometrizole trisiloxane, methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol, and bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine, and the analytes were well separated with better stability. Benzophenone-2 was added to this method as another detection component. The good analytical features, as well as their environment-friendly characteristics, make the presented method suitable not only for routine analysis in cosmetics industries, but also as a candidate reference method for sunscreen analysis.

We use 84 rainfall samples collected during June to September 2017 from the Dongkemadi basin, source region of the Yangtze River, China, to analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of stable isotopes in groundwater, and further discuss the groundwater recharge sources. The results showed that the range of groundwater δ 18 O values in this permafrost region varied from -15.3‰ to -12.5‰ (mean -14.0‰). The range of δ D values in groundwater varied from -108.9‰ to -91.7‰ (mean -100.2‰). Compared with local atmospheric precipitation, groundwater isotopes were relatively enriched. The slope and intercept of the groundwater line (GL) in the study area were both lower than of those of the global and local meteoric water lines (GMWL and LMWL), thus indicating that groundwater in the study area was subjected to evaporation during rainfall recharge of groundwater. The d -excess values of groundwater varied from 4.9‰ to 25.0‰ (mean 11.6‰), which was close to the average d -excess value determined for global average rainfall (10‰), but lower than that of rainfall in the study area (15.1‰). The influencing factors on the composition and variation of groundwater isotopes were different in different periods. The permafrost active layer was relatively thin during periods of increasing air temperature, and groundwater isotopes were significantly affected by air temperature. A temperature decrease during the latter part of the sampling period, when the thickness of the permafrost active layer was still increasing, further increased the retention time of infiltrating rainfall in the soil, thereby eventually leading to evaporation that strengthened the enrichment of heavy isotopes in the groundwater. According to the topographic characteristics of the Dongkemadi basin, the isotopic characteristics of the groundwater, and the factors influencing the isotopic composition, we conclude that rainfall was the main source of groundwater recharge. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for studying water cycle processes in the permafrost regions of the source region of the Yangtze River.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the polymorphism of TET2 gene SNP rs3733609 and JAK2V617F allele burden in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN)., Methods: The exon 9 of TET2 gene was amplified by RT-PCR, and the nucleotide sequence of SNP rs3733609 site was analyzed by gene sequencing. The MGB Taqman probe PCR method was used to detect the JAK2V617F allele burden. The correlation of TET2 gene SNP rs3733609 C/T with the JAK2V617F allele burden and clinical parameters was analyzed., Results: TET2 gene rs3733609 C/T heterozygosity (normal T/T) could be detected in 19 cases of 85 cases of JAK2V617F positive MPN (22.4%) patients, while the TET2 gene rs3733609 C/T heterozygosity could be detected only in 9 of the 106 healthy volunteers, and the incidence was only 8.5% (9/106). Compared with the negative group (TET2 rs3733609 T/T), there was no significant difference in the median age, hemoglobin level and platelet count in the patients with TET2 gene SNP rs3733609 (CT/TC) positive, but the WBC count of peripheral blood and JAK2V617F allele burden significantly increased. In JAK2V617F high allele burden group, TET2 gene SNP rs3733609 was positive in 7 cases (36.8%, 7/19), the ratio was higher than that in the low allele burden group(18.2%, 12/66)., Conclusion: TET2 SNP rs3733609 C/T may be a new susceptible allelee, which affects the clinical characteristics and clonal evolution of MPN patients.

Objective: To explore the role of echocardiography in pre-procedural,peri-procedural and post-procedural stages of transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in patients with aortic regurgitation (AR)., Methods: 31 patients with pure/dominant AR at a high risk on surgery were enrolled in this study. The degree of their aortic regurgitation was evaluated before TAVI,as well as the related diameters of aortic root and the left ventricular systolic function measured by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). TEE was used to reevaluate the valve pathology after general anesthesia. TEE in combination with fluoroscopy provided accurate position of the prosthetic valve for implantation. TEE was also used to monitor complications and to evaluate immediate post-procedure paravalvular regurgitation. The post TAVI follow-up included valve heamodynamic status,complications,left ventricular systolic function and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) measured by TEE., Results: Transapical TAVI was successful in 29 of the 31 patients: 23 experienced no or little paravalvular regurgitation; 6 had mild paravalvular regurgitation. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) of the patients decreased significantly one week after TAVI,which progressed until one month later ( P <0.05) . The left ventricular ejection (EF) of the patients also decreased one week after TAVI ( P <0.05) ,but it resumed to the pre-procedural level one month later., Conclusion: Transapical TAVI is a potentially safe and effective therapy for patients with pure/dominant AR at a high risk on open-heart surgery. Echocardiography plays an important role in pre-procedural evaluation,peri-procedural monitoring and post-procedural follow-up in TAVI.

Objective: To assess the larvicidal effects of recombinant Escherichia coli expressing scorpion neurotoxin AaIT or Bacillus thuringiensis subsp israelensis (B.t.i) toxin Cyt2Ba against the second instar larvae of Culex pipiensquinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus and compare different formulations for their larvicidal effects., Methods: The AaIT- or Cyt2Ba-coding sequences were cloned into pET28a(+) and the recombinant plasmids were transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). After induction with IPTG, the recombinant proteins expressed by the recombinant E. coli were detected and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, respectively. The larvicidal activity of the bacterial suspension was tested at different concentrations against mosquitoes. The effective engineered bacteria were prepared into dry powder with different formulations, and their larvicidal activity was tested., Results: AaIT and Cyt2Ba proteins were successfully expressed in E. coli. The recombinant AaIT protein showed no virulence to the mosquito larvae. The suspension of the recombinant E. coli expressing Cyt2Ba protein exhibited a stronger killing effect on Aedes albopictus larvae than on Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus larvae at 48 h (P<0.001) with LC 50 of 3.00×10 6 cells/mL and 1.25×10 7 cells/mL, respectively. The dry powder of the engineered bacteria formulated with yeast extract, wheat flour or white pepper powder at the mass ratio of 1:1 showed the strongest killing effect on mosquito larvae (P=0.044), and the formulation with white pepper powder produced a stronger killing effect than formulations with yeast extract or wheat flour (P=0.002)., Conclusion: The B.t.i Cyt2Ba protein expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) shows a good larvicidal activity against mosquitoes, and appropriate formulations of the engineered bacteria can enhance its efficiency in mosquito control.

Co-processing of sewage sludge using the cement kiln can realize sludge harmless treatment, quantity reduction, stabilization and reutilization. The moisture content should be reduced to below 30% to meet the requirement of combustion. Thermal drying is an effective way for sludge desiccation. Odors and volatile organic compounds are generated and released during the sludge drying process, which could lead to odor pollution. The main odor pollutants were selected by the multi-index integrated assessment method. The concentration, olfactory threshold, threshold limit value, smell security level and saturated vapor pressure were considered as indexes based on the related regulations in China and foreign countries. Taking the pollution potential as the evaluation target, and the risk index and odor emission intensity as evaluation indexes, the odor pollution potential rated evaluation model of the pollutants was built according to the Weber-Fechner law. The aim of the present study is to form the rating evaluation method of odor potential pollution capacity suitable for the directly drying process of sludge.

A thermophilic biofilter was employed to treat the flue gas generated from sludge drying process, and the performance in both the start period and the stationary phase was studied under the gas flow rate of 2 700-3 100 m3 x h(-1) and retention time of 21.88-25.10 s. The results showed that the thermophilic biofilter could effectively treat gases containing sulfur dioxide, ammonia and volatile organic compounds (VOC). The removal efficiencies could reach 100%, 93.61% and 87.01%, respectively. Microbial analysis indicated that most of the population belonged to thermophilic bacteria. Paenibacillus sp., Chelatococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Clostridium thermosuccinogenes, Pseudoxanthomonas sp. and Geobacillus debilis which were abundant in the thermophilic biofilter, had the abilities of denitrification, desulfurization and degradation of volatile organic compounds.

Objective: To study the analgesic effect of Triptolide(TP) in rats with adjuvant and the possible mechanism., Methods: Fifty healthy SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (group A), model group (group B), and low(group C), middle (group D) and high(group E) dose TP treatment groups. Except the group A, each group of rats were reared by toe intradermal injection of 0. 1 mL Freund's complete adjuvant. After 14 days,rats in the C, D and E groups were taken different doses (0. 1 mg/kg group C, 0. 2mg/kg group D, and 0. 4 mg/kg group E) by intraperitoneal injection of TP for 9 days, and then thermal withdrawal latency and the expression of NMDAR1 and BSI-B4 binding sites in lumbar5 (L5) spinal dorsal horn and DRG were detected., Results: Thermal withdrawal latency of rats in group B was significantly lower than that of group A (P <0. 01), while those in group C, D and E were significantly higher than those in group B (P <0. 05 or P <0. 01). TP increased the thermal pain threshold by a quantity-effect relationship; NMDAR-1 and BSI-B4 binding sites expression levels were significantly increased in group B than those in group A (P <0. 01), while those in group C, D and E were lower than those in group B., Conclusion: Analgesic effect of TP is related to reducing levels of expression of NMDAR1 and BSI-B4 binding sites in spinal dorsal horn and DRG in rats with adjuvant arthritis.

Co-processing sewage sludge by using the high-temperature feature of cement kiln can realize harmless disposal and energy recycling. In this paper, investigation on characteristics of the flue gas from sludge drying process was carried out in Guangzhou Heidelberg Yuexiu Cement Co., LTD. The composition and the main source of odors and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted during the drying process were analyzed, aimed to provide scientific basis for the treatment of sewage sludge. Results showed that there were a large number of malodorous substances and VOCs in the flue gas. Sulfur dioxide and other sulfur-containing compounds were the main components in the malodorous substances, while benzene derivatives were predominant in VOCs. The compositions of odors and VOCs were influenced by the characteristics of the sludge and the heat medium (kiln tail gas). Total organic compounds in the sludge were significantly decreased after drying. Other organic substances such as volatile fatty acid, protein, and polysaccharide were also obviously reduced. The organic matter in sludge was the main source of VOCs in the flue gas. Part of sulfurous substances, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, were from sulfur-containing substances in the sludge, and the rest were from the kiln tail gas itself.

Objective: To observe the analgesic effect of triptolide (TP) of high, middle and low doses on rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA), and the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and substance P (SP) in spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of corresponding sections, in order to discuss the possible mechanism for the analgesic effect of TP on rats with adjuvant arthritis., Method: Fifty SD rats were selected and randomly divided into the normal group (group A), the model group (group B), and TP low (group C), middle (group D), high (group E) dose groups. Except for the group A, all of the remaining groups were injected with 0.1 mL of Freund's complete adjuvant through their right rear toes to establish the model. At 14 d after the model establishment, rats in C, D and E groups were intraperitoneally injected with different doses of TP (0.1 mg x kg(-1) for the group C, 0.2 mg x kg(-1) for the group D, 0.4 mg x kg(-1) for the group E) once a day for 9 days. Then the 50% mechanical withdraw threshold (MWT) was determined. And the expressions of iNOS and SP in lumbar5 (L5) spinal dorsal horn and DRG were detected with the immunohistochemical method., Result: The 50% MWT of rats in the group B was significantly lower than that of the group A (P < 0.01). After being treated with TP, the Thermal withdrawal latencies of groups C, D and E were significantly higher than that of the group B (P < 0.01). TP could notably increase the MWT of AA rats, with a certain dose-effect relationship. The immunohistochemical results indicated that the iNOS and SP expressions significantly increased in the group B (P < 0.01), while the positive expression levels of iNOS and SP in groups C, D and E were significantly lower than that of the group B (P < 0.01), with a certain dose-effect relationship., Conclusion: TP shows a good analgesic effect on AA, and could inhibit the iNOS and SP expressions in spinal dorsal horn and DRG in rats with adjuvant arthritis, which may be one of action mechanisms for the analgesic effect of TP.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate plus nucleoside analogues (MGL + NA) combination therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B using a meta-analysis approach., Methods: The Chinese Biochemical literature on Disc (CBMDisc) and the Chinese Scientific Journal database, CNKI, were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of MGL+NA in patients with chronic hepatitis B published between 1995 and 2013. Data related to treatment type (combination therapy vs. mono-therapy) and outcome (markers of efficacy and safety, including levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)). Weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated and the Peto method was used to determine the relative risk (RR), both with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)., Results: Meta-analysis of the six included RCTs of MGL + NA, representing a 704 patients with chronic hepatitis B, showed WMDs for ALT of -12.98 (95% CI: -18.24 to -7.71, P less than 0.01) and for AST of -9.49 (95% CI: -14.53 to -4.45, P = 0.0002) and RRs for HBeAg of 1.79 (95% CI: 1.17 to 2.76, P = 0.008) and for HBV DNA of 1.35 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.74, P = 0.02). The therapeutic efficacy of MGL+NA combination therapy was better than that of NA mono-therapy (P less than 0.01)., Conclusion: For patients with chronic hepatitis B, MGL combination therapy may enhance the antiviral efficacy of NA treatment and help to improve liver function during treatment.