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Objective: To broaden the selection of strains for fermenting fresh rice noodle and develop the application of different strains in fresh rice noodle （FRN）. Methods: With gelatinization, texture, cooking stretching, electronic nose, electronic tongue and sensory evaluation as evaluation indexes, and L. fermentum FR-21, A. orientalis AO-21, L. plantarum YI-Y2013 and blank samples as influencing factors, the eating quality of FRN fermented by different strains was analyzed. Results: L. fermentum FR-21 fermentation improved the gelatinization indexes of indica rice flour, such as valley viscosity, disintegration value, final viscosity and retrogradation value, and reduced the texture viscosity of FRN, and improved its sensory hardness and typical fermented flavor （smell 4.0 points）. The FRN fermented by A. orientalis AO-21 had the lowest cooking loss （1.63%）, high texture hardness and chewability, relatively strong aftertaste, and obvious acidic odor （smell 3.7 points）. L. plantarum YI-Y2013 was similar to L. fermentum FR-21 in gelatinization index and textural viscosity, such as valley viscosity, disintegration value, final viscosity and retrogradation value （P＜0.05）, while the FRN fermented by L. plantarum YI-Y2013 had the highest extensibility （48.83±1.00）, and the smell was fragrant and pure （smell 4.6 points）. Conclusion: The controlled fermentation of three different strains can make FRN present different taste qualities, and rice noodles with different flavor qualities can be produced by using their fermentation characteristics.

ObjectiveWine grapes are severely affected by leafroll disease, which affects their growth, and reduces the quality of the color, taste, and flavor of wine. Timely and accurate diagnosis of leafroll disease severity is crucial for preventing and controlling the disease, improving the wine grape fruit quality and wine-making potential. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing technology provides high-resolution images of wine grape vineyards, which can capture the features of grapevine canopies with different levels of leafroll disease severity. Deep learning networks extract complex and high-level features from UAV remote sensing images and perform fine-grained classification of leafroll disease infection severity. However, the diagnosis of leafroll disease severity is challenging due to the imbalanced data distribution of different infection levels and categories in UAV remote sensing images.MethodA novel method for diagnosing leafroll disease severity was developed at a canopy scale using UAV remote sensing technology and deep learning. The main challenge of this task was the imbalanced data distribution of different infection levels and categories in UAV remote sensing images. To address this challenge, a method that combined deep learning fine-grained classification and generative adversarial networks (GANs) was proposed. In the first stage, the GANformer, a Transformer-based GAN model was used, to generate diverse and realistic virtual canopy images of grapevines with different levels of leafroll disease severity. To further analyze the image generation effect of GANformer. The t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) to visualize the learned features of real and simulated images. In the second stage, the CA-Swin Transformer, an improved image classification model based on the Swin Transformer and channel attention mechanism was used, to classify the patch images into different classes of leafroll disease infection severity. CA-Swin Transformer could also use a self-attention mechanism to capture the long-range dependencies of image patches and enhance the feature representation of the Swin Transformer model by adding a channel attention mechanism after each Transformer layer. The channel attention (CA) mechanism consisted of two fully connected layers and an activation function, which could extract correlations between different channels and amplify the informative features. The ArcFace loss function and instance normalization layer was also used to enhance the fine-grained feature extraction and downsampling ability for grapevine canopy images. The UAV images of wine grape vineyards were collected and processed into orthomosaic images. They labeled into three categories: healthy, moderate infection, and severe infection using the in-field survey data. A sliding window method was used to extract patch images and labels from orthomosaic images for training and testing. The performance of the improved method was compared with the baseline model using different loss functions and normalization methods. The distribution of leafroll disease severity was mapped in vineyards using the trained CA-Swin Transformer model.Results and DiscussionsThe experimental results showed that the GANformer could generate high-quality virtual canopy images of grapevines with an FID score of 93.20. The images generated by GANformer were visually very similar to real images and could produce images with different levels of leafroll disease severity. The T-SNE visualization showed that the features of real and simulated images were well clustered and separated in two-dimensional space, indicating that GANformer learned meaningful and diverse features, which enriched the image dataset. Compared to CNN-based deep learning models, Transformer-based deep learning models had more advantages in diagnosing leafroll disease infection. Swin Transformer achieved an optimal accuracy of 83.97% on the enhanced dataset, which was higher than other models such as GoogLeNet, MobileNetV2, NasNet Mobile, ResNet18, ResNet50, CVT, and T2TViT. It was found that replacing the cross entropy loss function with the ArcFace loss function improved the classification accuracy by 1.50%, and applying instance normalization instead of layer normalization further improved the accuracy by 0.30%. Moreover, the proposed channel attention mechanism, named CA-Swin Transformer, enhanced the feature representation of the Swin Transformer model, achieved the highest classification accuracy on the test set, reaching 86.65%, which was 6.54% higher than using the Swin Transformer on the original test dataset. By creating a distribution map of leafroll disease severity in vineyards, it was found that there was a certain correlation between leafroll disease severity and grape rows. Areas with a larger number of severe leafroll diseases caused by Cabernet Sauvignon were more prone to have missing or weak plants.ConclusionsA novel method for diagnosing grapevine leafroll disease severity at a canopy scale using UAV remote sensing technology and deep learning was proposed. This method can generate diverse and realistic virtual canopy images of grapevines with different levels of leafroll disease severity using GANformer, and classify them into different classes using CA-Swin Transformer. This method can also map the distribution of leafroll disease severity in vineyards using a sliding window method, and provides a new approach for crop disease monitoring based on UAV remote sensing technology.

Lipid is an important component except starch and protein in rice, which not only has unique nutritional value but also has a great impact on the functional properties of starch. In this paper, the species, structure, distribution, and content of lipids in rice were summarized, and the mechanism, structure characteristics and influencing factors of starch-lipid interaction were discussed. The interaction effects on the properties of starch, including swelling, gelatinization, rheology, retrogradation and digestive ability were reviewed. This paper provided useful information on understanding the interaction between starch and endogenous lipids in rice as well as its influence on the starch properties, which could promote the improvement of rice quality and the development of functional rice.

This article aims to improve the stretching quality of the flat noodles products by optimizing the key processes such as refining, formula and steaming on the breaking distance of whole grain flat noodles.The results show that the breaking distance of whole grain flat noodles prepared by backfilling rice bran is significantly better than that of whole rice refining. Meanwhile, scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that the grains of backfilled whole grain rice slurry are small, fine and uniform. The particle size results show that 83.91% of the particles are below 10 μm, and 14.93% of the particles are between 10 μm to 100 μm, while only 1.16% of them are larger than 100 μm, which is close to polished rice slurry. To further improve the stretching quality, the rice bran to be backfilled is selected. At the same time, the effect of adding soy protein isolate, guar gum, konjac mannan, cassava starch, gluten and other ingredients on the breaking distance of flat noodles is compared. The stretching quality of whole grain flat noodles prepared from homologous defatted rice bran and added soybean protein isolate is the closest to that of ordinary rice noodles. The material-toliquid ratio of the optimized steaming process is 1∶1.4 (g∶mL) and the products are steamed for 9 min.

Effects of dry grinding, wet grinding and wet grinding after fermentation on the physicochemical properties of mung bean were studied. The results indicated that the composition of wet ground mung bean after fermented flour (FWMB) changed the most, protein content decreased from 23.68% to 21.02%, the starch content decreased from 56.97% to 55.11%, and the amylose content increased from 14.48% to 19.72%.The analysis of pasting and hydration properties showed that wet ground mung bean flour (WMB) and FWMB had higher peak viscosity, minimum viscosity, attenuation value and final viscosity than dry ground mung bean flour (DMB), and water absorption index and swelling power were increased, but water solubility index was decreased. Particle size analysis found the average particle sizes of DMB, WMB and FWMB were 120.13, 105.21, 92.94 μm, respectively; scanning electron microscope observation showed that the ultrastructure of WMB and FWMB was relatively intact, while DMB had the greatest damage; damaged starch content confirmed WMB, FWMB and DMB were 9.92%, 5.99% and 6.07%, respectively. It indicated that wet grinding and wet grinding after fermentation can improve the pasting viscosity and hydration properties by reducing the damaged starch content and average particle size of mung bean

By evaluating the results of treating quinoa with different microwave conditions,this paper compares the effects of microwave heating and traditional conduction heating (water bath and baking) on lipase and flavor components of quinoa.Experiments results show that with the increase of microwave power and the extension of treatment time,the activity of lipase decreased significantly.After heating at 600 W power for 4 min,the lipase activity tended to be stable.Through analyzing flavor components in quinoa,we found microwave treatment dramatically reduced the levels of Methyl Ketone,1-octen-3-ol and trans-2-Nonenal.Moreover,with the extension of storage time,the oxidation of oil in quinoa was inhibited by microwave,with the peroxide value and acid value of quinoa decreased.Compared with the traditional heating methods,microwave heating can significantly reduce the activity of lipase in quinoa,and improve the flavor and organoleptic attribute of quinoa milk.

Synthesis and control strategy of colloidal nanocrystals are mainly concerned with dynamic factors. Generally, theory of nucleation of liquid phase colloids and crystal growth are considered. Firstly, the strategies on colloidal nanocrystalline synthesis and morphology control at the stage of nucleation, growth and ripening were reviewed in this paper. Secondly, selective-adsorption mechanism, effective-monomer mechanism and oriented-attachment mechanisms were briefly introduced for the phenomena that can not be explained by classical crystal growth theory. It was also introduced briefly the joint action of some new mechanisms or multiple mechanisms on synthesis of nano-materials in recent years. Finally, perspectives on future development of nanocrystalline synthesis and morphology control were presented. It is believed that quantitative and precise structural control is of great importance and will be a huge challenge and development trend in nanocrystalline synthesis and morphology control.

Carbon solely can form a lot of nanostructures, such as zero-dimensional nanosphere, one-dimensional nanotube and two-dimensional graphene. They perform differently in Li-ion and Li-S batteries. It is worth noting that CNTs and graphene are not appropriate to be used as electroactive materials for Li-ion or Li-S batteries for four reasons. First, when CNTs and graphene are used as an anode, they often exhibit high specific capacities during the first lithiation step, but a large fraction of lithium ions is irreversibly consumed instead of reversibly stored, leading to a low Coulombic efficiency of the cell. Second, a graphene-based anode has a large voltage hysteresis in the charge/discharge curves. Third, it has been reported a CNT-based anode lacks a steady voltage plateau with large change in voltage during discharge. Fourth, despite their high initial capacities, graphene and CNT-based anodes often suffer from fast capacity decay after a few tens of cycles. Continuous efforts have been made to build better lithium batteries with a higher energy density and wider applicability, including both current state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries and near-term Li-S batteries. Because the behavior of a rechargeable battery is mainly based on the performance of its anode and cathode, designing advanced electrode materials as well as electrode with tailored compositions and structures has been the hot topic in recent years. The role of carbon nano-materials to construct electrode materials and tailored electrodes in Li-ion and Li-S batteries in high performance was reviewed in the paper from three aspects. Firstly, the role of carbon nano-materials in modifying the electroactive materials was discussed from three aspects:electron- and ion-transport facilitators, immobilization sites and volume expansion buffering. Secondly, the role of carbon nano-materials in optimizing the inactive components was considered as follows:conducting additives, current collectors and conductive interlayers. Thirdly, the role of carbon nano-materials in designing the bendable and stretchable devices are discussed from three aspects:conductive phases in nonconductive substrates, flexible current collectors and freestanding composite electrode. Finally, perspectives on future development of Li-ion and Li-S batteries were presented. It is considered that multi-functional carbon nano-materials will be main research focus in the future.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of peripheral B-cell subsets with CD27 and CD38 phenotypes in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. Methods Peripheral blood samples of 43 MG patients and 38 health controls (HC) from January 2016 to Decamber 2018 were collected in this study. Peripheral CD27+CD38- , CD27+CD38+ , CD27-CD38+ and CD27-CD38- B-cell subsets were detected through flow cytometer and tricolor fluorescence labeling. Results Percentages of CD27+CD38- and CD27+CD38+ B lymphocytes were increased but CD27-CD38+B-cell percentage was decreased in MG patients compared with those in HC (P = 0.000; P = 0.000; P = 0.001). Elevated percentages of CD27+CD38-B cells were found in MG patients compared with MG patients (P = 0.031). However, patients with thymoma demonstrated had lower CD27-CD38+B-cell percentages than patients with normal thymus (P = 0.026). CD27+CD38- and CD27+CD38+ B cells were enriched in patients with myasthenic crisis compared with patients without crisis (P = 0.017; P = 0.011). In addition, after the treatment of methylprednisolone, the Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis Score (QMGS) was decreased (P = 0.012), the CD27+CD38+ B cells reduced (P = 0.034) and CD27+CD38- B celsl elevated (P = 0.006). Meanwhile, percentages of CD27+CD38- B cells were significantly correlated with disease severities in MG patients (rs = 0.394, P = 0.009). Conclusions Abnormal changes of B-cell subsets with CD27 and CD38 phenotypes were observed and closely associated with disease severities in MG patients. These findings suggested that aberrancy of B-cell subsets may be involved in the progression of MG. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2019.11.013

Objective To explore the correlation between pulmonary function and chest radiograph fibrosis score among patients with pneumoconiosis. Methods A total of 100 patients with pneumoconiosis treated at the Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine from November 2020 to April 2021 were studied. The chest digital radiography of these patients was evaluated, and the fibrosis score was assessed based on the density of shadow in each lung area on the chest X -ray. The relationship between the score of pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary function was analyzed. Results Among 100 male cases of pneumoconiosis, 37 cases were in the first stage, 41 cases in the second stage, and 22 cases in the third stage. 34 cases had lung function impairment, including 22 mild, 11 moderate, and 1 severe case, with an incidence of 27.02% in the first stage, 29.26% in the second stage, and 54.54% in the third stage; the difference was significant (P < 0.05). The fibrosis score increased with the pneumoconiosis stage (P < 0.01), and the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, 75% maximal expiratory flow (MEF75), and 50% maximal expiratory flow (MEF50) decreased (P < 0.05). The scores of pulmonary fibrosis were negatively correlated with FVC, FEV1, MEF75, MEF50, 25% vital capacity (MEF25), and the single breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO SB) (r = - 0.339, - 0.431, - 0.334, - 0.362, - 0.369, - 0.245, P < 0.05). The patients with more severe pulmonary function had a higher score of fibrosis (P < 0.05). Conclusions The fibrosis score on the chest radiograph of pneumoconiosis patients is a useful indicator for the clinician to evaluate the lung function damage caused by pneumoconiosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the alterations of resting ⁃ state brain functional networks in childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) using resting ⁃ state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis, and to explore the cognitive disorders of children in epileptic seizures. Methods According to case selection criteria, 12 children with absence seizure were selected, from whom 17 fMRI data with generalized slow⁃wave discharges (GSWD) and the matched data without discharges were collected by using electroencephalogram (EEG) ⁃ fMRI synchronization. Independent component analysis was used to investigate the alterations in different states of 7 resting⁃state networks including the thalamus, default⁃mode network, dorsal attention network, central execution network and perceptive networks. Results Paired t ⁃ test and correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. The thalamus showed increased coherence of brain activity in GSWD state, and the increased coherence was positively correlated with the durations of GSWD (r = 0.890, P = 0.000). The default⁃mode network (r = ⁃ 0.706, P = 0.000), dorsal attention network (r = ⁃ 0.829, P = 0.000) and central execution network (r = ⁃ 0.905, P = 0.000), which dealt with high ⁃ grade cognitive functions, showed decreased coherence, and the brain activity coherence in these networks were negatively correlated with GSWD durations. However, none of low⁃grade perceptive networks was found to have significant alteration in GSWD state. Conclusion The increased coherence of brain activity in the thalamus may be associated with the generation of GSWD in childhood absence epilepsy. Besides the default brain function, the processes of attention and cognitive execution may also be impaired in childhood absence epilepsy, while low ⁃ grade perceptive functions may not be greatly impacted. This study may contribute to the understanding of pathophysiological mechanism of impaired consciousness in childhood absence epilepsy. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.05.011

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of linezolid in the treatment of children with severe tuberculous meningitis. Methods The data of 40 children with severe tuberculous meningitis diagnosed in The Department of Pediatric, Guangzhou Chest Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the medication situation, the children with severe tuberculous meningitis were divided into study group (20 cases) and control group (20 cases). The control group was treated with conventional anti tuberculosis treatment, and the study group was treated with linezolid on the basis of conventional anti tuberculosis treatment. The Glasgow score (GCS) and cerebrospinal fluid indexes (including white blood cell count, glucose, protein, chloride), body temperature recovery, and adverse reactions were analyzed and compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results After treatment, the GCS score and cerebrospinal fluid index levels of the two groups were improved, and after 4 weeks of treatment, the GCS score of the study group was (13.35± 1.96) and cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte count (28.61±23.46) x 106/L, protein quantitation (466.33±158.35) mg/L, which was significantly lower than that of the control group. The glucose of the study group was (2.75±0.42) mmol/L, chloride (144.94±31.89) mmol/L, which was significantly higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The adverse reactions of the two groups were improved after adjusting the drugs, and no serious adverse reactions occurred. Conclusions Linezolid has anti tuberculosis effect. In the early stage of tuberculous meningitis, linezolid can effectively improve the GCS score, cerebrospinal fluid index recovery of children with severe tuberculous meningitis, and can significantly improve the condition of children with severe tuberculous meningitis, with low incidence of adverse reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using prefabricated technique is an important trend in the current construction industry. One of the main forms of prefabricated building is the PC structure. Compared with the traditional cast-in-place construction mode, on-site assembly is the unique characteristic of the prefabricated construction mode. Therefore, the lifting efficiency of PC components in prefabricated buildings is a key factor affecting the overall progress of the project. This paper analyzed the factors that affect the hoisting efficiency of building components assembly from five aspects: external environment, components, mechanical facilities, methods and workers. The DEMATEL analysis was used to determine the relationship between each factor and obtained the key influencing factors, such as long working hours, low construction efficiency and disordered component installation sequence. Furthermore, the findings of this study can be used as references for guiding the formulation of hoisting scheme of prefabricated buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of peripheral B cell subsets with CD27 and CD38 phenotypes in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. Methods Peripheral blood samples of 43 MG patients and 38 healthy controls from January 2016 to December 2018 were collected. Peripheral CD27+ CD38-, CD27+ CD38+, CD27-CD38+ and CD27-CD38-B cells were detected through flow cytometer and tricolor fluorescence labeling. Results Percentages of CD27+ CD38- and CD27+ CD38+ B cells were increased (P = 0.000, 0.000), while percentage of CD27-CD38+ B cells was decreased in MG patients compared with those in controls (P = 0.001). The percentage of CD27+ CD38+ B cells was higher in generalized GMG patients than that in OMG patients (P = 0.031). However, patients with thymoma had lower percentage of CD27-CD38+B cells than that in patients with normal thymus (P = 0.026). CD27+ CD38- and CD27+ CD38+ B cells were enriched in patients with myasthenic crisis compared with patients without crisis (P = 0.017, 0.011). In addition, after treatment of methylprednisolone, the Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis Score (QMGS) was decreased (P = 0.012), the CD27+ CD38+ B cells reduced (P = 0.034) and CD27+ CD38-B cells elevated (P = 0.006). Meanwhile, percentage of CD27+ CD38-B cells was postively correlated with disease severity in MG patients (rs = 0.394, P = 0.009). Conclusions Abnormal changes of B cell subsets with CD27 and CD38 phenotypes were observed and closely associated with disease severity in MG patients. All of these findings suggested that aberrancy of B cell subsets may be involved in the progression of MG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To fulfill the integrated performance requirements in three main aspects; tension, drape and crease-resistance, the production process of soft silk protein fiber fabric were determined through a series of experiments. The experimental factors-blending ratio, fabric texture and fabric density were selected for single factor experiment, and the tensile strength is about 700 N/5cm, dynamic drape coefficient is around 55%, and crease-resistance is about 600°. The fuzzy matter element analysis and orthogonal experiment, which was arranged in the appropriate factor level (using multiple comparative analysis), proved the optimized content of the fabric is wool/ polyester/ soft silk protein fiber /silk: 60/20/15/5, the texture of the fabric is eight pieces of three fly satin, warp density and pick density is 360/310 root/(10 cm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proline accumulation is a widespread metabolic adaptation in many organisms in response to various environmental stresses, and it was proved to play protective roles for plants under adverse conditions. Polyploidization is a prominent driving force during plant evolution and many important crops have experienced this process during their evolutionary history. Brassica napus (AACC) is believed to be a newly formed allotetraploid, evolving from the inter-specific hybridization of two diploids, B. rapa (AA) and B. oleracea (CC) followed by chromosome doubling. In this research, we studied the evolutionary fate of genes related to proline synthesis in allotetraploid (B. napus), and its diploids ancestors (B. rapa and B. oleracea), to explore the effect of polyploidition on homologous gene evolution. First, we obtained the genes for proline biosynthesis (P5CSs, OAT) by database searching, and studied the similarities and the expression regulation pattern of homologous genes in allotetraploid (B. napus), in comparison with its diploids progenitors (B. rapa and B. oleracea), in different organs and in response to salt stress. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis revealed that BnaA.P5CS2.a, BnaA.P5CS2.b, and BnaC.P5CS2.c originated from BraA.P5CS2.a, BraA.P5CS2.b, and BolC.P5CS2.a, respectively; BnaA.OAT.a, BnaC.OAT.b originated from BraA.OAT.a and BolC.OAT.a, respectively. And, one copy of gene loss from B. oleracea occurred for BnP5CS2 but not for BnOAT. Expression patterns of these homologous genes in response to salt stress in different organs were also characterized by semi-quantitive RT-PCR. In B. napus, two homologous gene pairs with different origins, BnaA.P5CS2.a and BnaC.P5CS2.c, BnaA.OAT.a and BnaC.OAT.b exhibited biased expression in different organs, implying possible sub-functionalization of P5CS2 and OAT. The genes BnaA.P5CS1.a and BnaC.P5CS1.d with different diploid ancestors were induced by NaCl treatment, and the expression of BnaC.P5CS1.d was higher than that of BnaA.P5CS1.a, showing a biased expression. RT-PCR manifested that preservation of expression pattern of original genes in diploid was found for P5CS1 (BnaA.P5CS1.a and BnaC.P5CS1.d), P5CS2 (BnaA.P5CS2.a and BnaC.P5CS2.c). These results suggest that the gene sequence and expression pattern existing in allotetraploid (B. napus) were conserved, which is benefit to proline accumulation for plant adaptation to environmental stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to real reproduce the development, changes and spatio-temporal effects of underground f ire, investigated the field variables modeling and visualization simulation of fire disaster in underground mine. Based on the connotation of the mine complex field, the field variables expression of fire disaster was proposed. The field variables properties include the space geometry, the distribution of the properties, the running status, the vector direction as well as the time sequence. With the field variables modeling and analyzing of fire disaster, a field parameter model which was applicable to fire disaster field variables was established. Furthermore, the field variables model of space geometric properties, the field variables model of physical properties as well as the field variables model of meteorological parameters were established to describe underground engineering, ventilation network as well as fume flow of fire respectively. The field variables model class and time sequence flow sheet of fire disaster were generated, the three-dimensional visual simulations for the fume flow developments and changes of the fire field in underground mine is realized. Finally, according to the states of a Chinese mine, the feasibility of the field variables model of fire disaster in underground mine was verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naive Bayes classifiers with continuous attributes can not make full used of dependency information between attributes. And in their dependency extension, it is difficult to calculate the inverse and the determinant of the high-order covariance matrix. To solve the dilemma, combining the tridiagonal matrix and multivariate Gaussian function can help build the full Bayesian classifiers with continuous attributes. And introduced smoothing parameters to tridiagonal matrix, which can contribute to the classifiers optimization. Experimental results resulting from using UCI data show that the optimized classifiers with continuous attributes have good classification accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 8-week-old SPF class C57BL/6 male mice were used as experimental object, the compound diphenoxylate was adopted to establish the constipation model. At the same time, three groups were established maren pills positive control group, blank control group and rice isomalto-oligosaccharide low, medium, and high dose groups. The body weight change of experimental mice gavage before and after, the mice first defecation time, 8 h defecation number, 8 h defecation quality, 8 h defecation moisture content and small intestine propulsion rate were analyzed through single factor experiment. The results showed that there were significant differences between the constipation model group and positive control group, blank control group. Constipation model group was established successfully; rice isomalto-oligosaccharide could shorten the mice first defecation time, improve 8 h defecation quality, 8 h defecation moisture content and small intestine propulsion rate, and the aperient bowel effect of medium dose group was better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SHMT was cloned from soybean variety Forrest and reported as an SCN resistance gene at Rhg4 locus. SHMT of 92 wild soybean accessions were sequenced and their sequence diversity was analysed. A total of 13 SNPs (7 transitions and 6 transversions) and 4 Indels (all in the noncoding region) were identified, 11 of them were parsimony informative sites. Sequence diversity analysis among 92 wild soybean genotypes showed N = 0.00061 and 0=0.001 06 for SHMT. The 17 DNA variations formed 16 haplotypes, of which 9 haplotypes existed in 2 or more wild soybeans, haplotype diversity was 0. 855. 3 neutrality tests (Tajima's D, Fu and Li's F, and Z test) were not significant for the gene in these 92 wild soybean genotypes, suggesting there was no selection pressure on it. x text for distribution of alleles in resistant and susceptible accessions indicated that SHMT had no correlation with wild soybean resistance to soybean cyst nematode.92 wild soybeans were grouped into 6 clusters using UPGMA method, some relationship was found between their origin and their genetic relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eco-environment flax/ polypropylene thermoplastic composite are prepared by compression molding process, in which the flax fibers as reinforcement and the matrix phases are come from polypropylene (PP) fibers. The effects of fiber length, molded temperature and holding time on the tensile and bursting performance of the composites are investigated. The results show that the molding temperature was the main factor to influence composite properties. The optimal tensile property of the flax/polypropylene composite is obtained in the parameters of fiber length 5 mm, molding temperature 180 °C and holding time 40 min. The bursting performance of the polypropylene/flax composites is come to the peak value when mentioned above parameters are 5 mm, 170 °C and 40 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effects of students' autonomous learning based on the network resource. Methods Fifty-five students in 2013 nursing class of Kunming Medical University were selected as the experimental class, and they were asked to learn independently by using the network resources. Other 54 students in 2013 nursing class were selected as the control class, and given the traditional autonomous learning method. Teachers designed the survey questionnaire and compared the results. Results There was significant difference in the test score between the experimental class and control class (P < 0.05) . The results of questionnaire survey showed that 82.7% students thought autonomous learning was important to the cultivation of comprehensive ability, and 75.9% students thought their abilities of autonomous learning were improved in the experimental class. However, there were 33.2% and 12.1% in the control class, respectively. Conclusion Autonomous learning based on the network resource is important to inspire students' learning interest, improve their self-study and comprehensive abilities. So, the learning mode is worth promoting and applying in undergraduate teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flattening deformation in the process of cross wedge rolling hollow parts increases the difficulty of forming. Based the finite element method, flat plate compression of solid part and hollow part was compared, and flattening deformation characteristic of hollow part was investigated with the major impact factors of reduction and relative wall thickness. On the basis of simulating the process of two-roll cross wedge rolling solid and hollow part, the reason that flattening deformation deteriorates the rotation condition of hollow part, its influence on the rolling process and forming result was analyzed. Furthermore, a method was proposed to improve the forming conditions. Through rolling experiment it was verified that flattening deformation brings on the poor rotation condition and oval of the hollow parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the development of SYBR-GreenI real-time quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) detection. The study determined reproducibility of the assay, sensitivity assay, specificity assay and clinical application. Results showed that RT-PCR standard curve demonstrated by recombinant plasmid showed a good linear relationship between template concentration and threshold cycle.

Discussion of 3D simulation modeling techniques of fire fume spread process is very necessary to effectively guide the formulation and implementation of underground mine fire rescue and evacuation plan. Therefore,3D simulation modeling techniques of fire fume spread were proposed, with 3 D structure model of underground mine roadways as the carrier,3D network model of ventilation system as the guarantee, and fume spread parameters model as the core. The volume rendering technology in time sequence was used to develop the 3D simulation model of fire fume spread process, which primarily simulated the fume dynamic spread process in 3D roadways and showed time and spatial change of fume temperature and concentration. Finally, the model was applied to a domestic mine and the simulation results indicated the model's effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For landing on planet, a dual control strategy is developed to solve the problem of poor estimation performance which results from the lack of observability. The system uncertainty is incorporated into the quadratic performance index as a cost by extending state space, which takes advantage of the nonlinear coupling between observability and trajectory to overcome the lack of observability and to achieve better estimation performance. By stochastic optimizing the landing trajectory, the overall performance of GNC system for landing on planets is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the temporary slide method of leaf epidermis, an observation was made on the morphological characteristics of the leaf epidermis of six erosion-resistant plant species in different soil erosion environments (gully, inter-gully, and inter-gully artificial Robinia pseudoacacia forest land) in hilly-gully area of Loess Plateau. Compared with those in the gully, the stomata aperture, stomata density, stomata index, stomata apparatus length/width plasticity, stomata apparatus area plasticity, epidermal hair density, and epidermal cell density of the leaf upper and lower epidermis of the plants in the inter-gully were 93.8% and 90.4%, 66.8% and 76.6%, 17.9% and 9.8%, 36.4% and 47.1%, 42.3% and 43.9%, 199.4% and 98.2%, and 46.5% and 50.1% higher, respectively; while in the inter-gully artificial R. pseudoacacia forest land, the same morphological indices of the leaf upper and lower epidermis of the plants were 66.7% and 106.7%, 20.5% and 45.8%, 11.9% and 11.9%, 37.9% and 41.3%, 19.8% and 21.2%, 113.1% and 52.2%, and 10.8% and 28.1% higher than those in the gully, respectively. The epidermal hair length and epidermal cell area of the leaf upper and lower epidermis of the plants in the inter-gully were 58.8% and 29.7%, and 40.3% and 37.0% lower than those in the gully, and the same morphological indices of the leaf upper and lower epidermis of the plants in the intergully artificial R. pseudoacacia forest land were respectively 25.0% and 23.6%, and 22.2% and 19.2% lower than those in the gully, respectively. The results suggested that the erosion-resistant plants in the study area were able to adapt to various soil erosion environments by increasing their leaf stomata aperture, stomata density, stomata index, stomata apparatus length/width plasticity, stomata apparatus area plasticity, epidermal hair density, and epidermal cell density, and by reducing their epidermal hair length and epidermal cell area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There exist severe uncertainties in network transmission due to randomness of the network load variants, time-varying characteristics of round trip time (RTT), which seriously affect the quality of service of streaming media. A fuzzy PID rate controller is proposed to support best-effort of streaming media based on fuzzy set theory, which efficiently compensates the time-varying uncertainties and enhances the stability and robustness of the closed loop systems, and realizes maximum bandwidth utilization. Fuzzy PID rate controller can calculate the desired sending rates of the controlled sources according to the router's queues, which makes the router's queue attain the set point, so the congestion of the router is avoided. Simulation results show that the fuzzy PID rate controller can efficiently deal with the time-varying characteristics and the fluctuation of the sending rates, which can guarantee the quality of service of streaming media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The around orbit parameters and small body physical parameters determination methods are studied based on Square Root Information Filter (SRIF). Due to a great deal of parameters to be estimated and the complexity of the dynamics, the SRIF is designed to process the integrated navigation data and estimate the gravity field, rotation, and ephemeris of small body and orbit parameters of probe. The mathematic simulation experiments using the measuring data of Eros433 small body have validated the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Programming model has become one of the handicaps in multi-core era. To counter to this bottleneck, a novel multi-core architecture, namely Metric (Method centric) , is proposed in this paper, which attempts to bring the concept of procedure in programming model into computer architecture design. Basing on Metric multi-core, a slice partitioning compilation pass which tries to divide procedures into finer grains of similar size, namely slice, is investigated in details. Preliminary experiment results validate its effectiveness, and the algorithm is of great importance to Metric compiler tool chain and simulator setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An algorithm of terrain hazard assessment for soft landing based on information fusion is presented. Firstly, two types of terrain features are extracted from the gray images of landing navigation camera and the elevation data of Lidar respectively. Then, fuzzy variables and membership functions on terrain features are presented, and local terrain hazard assessments are realized by fuzzy inference. Finally, the global terrain hazard is assessed based on the decision-class fusion of weighted means, and the safe landing sites are obviously showed. The simulation experiments using 3D digital terrain image have validated the proposed algorithm effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the observability of nonlinear system, the observability matrix was derived using the Lie differentiation combining with the correlation theory of differential geometry, and an analytic method to measure the the observability analysis The variations of observability degree fore different orbital elements were investigated. Furthermore, in order to verify the relation between the observability degree and the estimation accuracy of the navigation system, the navigation process under different observability degrees was performed based on the extended Kalman filter. The method of the observability analysis proposed in this paper was demonstrated to be feasible from simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel design method for interplanetary low-thrust transfer trajectory including escape and capture phase is proposed. In this approach, based on multiple-step design concept, blended locally optimal laws and hybrid method are used to design earth escape, interplanetary transfer and target capture trajectories, respectively. And then, at sphere-of-influence of earth and target planet, the three individual trajectories are jointed by patched condition. The proposed approach can weaken the nonlinear property of orbit dynamic through several gravity fields, and has the advantages of fine convergence and rapidity. Finally, the validity of this method is verified by taking the earth-mars transfer trajectory as an example. The numerical result demonstrates that, the proposed approach can be used to design the whole interplanetary low-thrust trajectory efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a simple and rapid algorithm for small body surface triangulations and physical properities calculation based on 3-D arbitrary points. In order to avoid destroying the original topology due to the non-convex boundary, the arbitrary points are first mapped on the unit sphere and then mapped on a 2-D plane to complete the triangular mesh generation. Based on this, the volume integral can be transformed into polyhedron vertex computation, and the processes of integral reduction using Green formula can be simplified by decomposing the polyhedron into a series of tetrahedrons. Thus the physical properties such as volume, surface aera, center of mass, moment of inertia, principal axis of intertia, gravitational potential, gravitational field intensity of the small body can be computed. Simulation shows the relationship between points number and the calculation accuracy as well as the correctness of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To the search of launching opportunity for interplanetary mission, combining contour map method and prime vector theory, an approach to searching launch opportunity with multiple impulse transfers is proposed. First, the launch opportunities with two impulse transfers are guessed by plotting the contour map. Then, based on the prime vector theory, the potential launch opportunities with optimal three-impulse or multiple-impulse transfers are obtained via the necessary condition of optimal impulse transfers and time history of primer vector. Taking the asteroid exploration as an example, the research results show that this approach, compared with the conventional method with two-impulse transfers, obtains more potential launch opportunities using the prime vector and adding the middle impulse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]