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With the increasing global burden of various cancer, an abundance of papers emerged every year in the research hotspots of oncology, covering a wide range of research types and topics. In order to facilitate interested readers to quickly grasp the frontier and hotspots of cancer research, it would be helpful to sort out and summarize the research topic in a timely manner. According to the classification of disciplines, we screened the Essential Science Indicators (ESI) hot papers released in 2019 for the ones in the oncology field, utilized methods such as bibliometrics, statistical description, hierarchical induction, analysis and interpretation to further reveal the context and characteristics of research in the field of oncology, summarized the latest progresses and future directions in the field, and provided information and hints for the trajectory of future research. A total of 549 papers were included, which were mainly from the field of clinical medicine; the country with the most publications was the United States, while China ranked the fourth in terms of contribution; the research institution with the highest number of published papers was University of Texas system; N Engl J Med published the most papers, with contribution also from highly influential journals in the field of oncology such as Lancet Oncol , J Clin Oncol , JAMA Oncol and Cancer Discov . Oncology remained the most popular research topic in the medical research and spanned a wide spectrum of sub-topics. In this study, we demonstrated and sorted out research frontiers in the field of oncology in 12 different research directions including the basic cancer research, cancer epidemiology, and various tumors types related to different systems and organs.

With the heavier burden of cardiovascular disease, an abundance of papers emerge every year in the research hotspots, which cover a wide range of types and content. In order to let readers interested in the cardiovascular field quickly understand the research hotspots and research frontier, it is necessary to sort out and summarize the research topic in time. According to the discipline classification, we screened papers in cardiovascular field from the Essential Science Indicators (ESI) hot papers published in 2019. Methods such as bibliometrics, statistical description, hierarchical induction, analysis and interpretation were used a step further to reveal the context and characteristics of research in the field of cardiovascular diseases, summarize the latest progress and development direction in this field, and provide information and hints for the expansion of future research directions. A total of 297 papers were finally included, which were mainly in the field of clinical medicine; The country with the most publications was the United States, while China ranked the fifth in terms of contribution; the research institution with the highest number of published papers was Harvard University; the New England Journal of Medicine ( NEJM ) has published the most papers, with contribution also from journals such as Circulation , Europe Heart Journal , JAMA , and Lancet . All the papers were categorized into disease burden, disease risk, drug treatment, device treatment and surgical treatment, clinical diagnosis, basic research and others, so as to review and summarize the research front in the field of cardiovascular diseases.

In 2019, the Board of Trustees of the American Association of Orthodontists asked a panel of medical and dental experts in sleep medicine and dental sleep medicine to create a document designed to offer guidance to practicing orthodontists on the suggested role of the specialty of orthodontics in the management of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. The present article aimed to provide interpretation of this White Paper, and to further help Chinese orthodontist to understand it.

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The international community has paid increasing attention to the prevention and control of ecological environment and health risks. Up to now, the development of green alternative technologies and materials, control of new pollutants, and the prevention and control of ecological environment risks in the whole service life of chemicals have become the focus of ecological environment management and research in developed countries. To promote the substitution of toxic and harmful chemicals in China, this paper systematically sorts out the evaluation methods of alternatives for environmental design in the United States, and elaborates the evaluation indicators, classification standards, data sources, as well as the principles and steps of alternative evaluation. In addition, this paper summarizes and analyzes the reference value of the evaluation methods of alternatives for environmental design in the United States from the perspective of new pollutants control in China. This study can provide references for the establishment of green alternative technology and assessment system of new pollutants in the environmental management of toxic and harmful chemicals and the control of new pollutants in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Command Control & Simulation / Zhihui Kongzhi yu Fangzhen is the property of Command Control & Simulation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Skin microbiome is closely related to skin health. It plays an important role in maintaining skin health, resisting the invasion of foreign microorganisms and participating in skin tissue metabolism. It also provides ideas for the research and development of skin therapeutic drugs and skin care products. In recent years, the literatures on skin microecology are increasing year by year. With the help of literature measurement method and knowledge map visualization software VOSviewer, this paper made quantitative statistics and comparative analysis on the distribution trend, distribution volume of major countries, distribution institutions and research topics from 2010 to 2022. The results show that in recent years, the research in the field of skin microecology has attracted worldwide attention. Its research topics mainly include "skin diseases caused by microecological imbalance and the relationship, pathogenesis and mechanism between some skin diseases and skin microorganisms", "skin problems caused by harmful flora", "diversity of skin microorganisms and influencing factors of colonization", and "genetic correlation of skin microbial community". The majority researches focus on the imbalance of skin microecology and the diversity of skin microorganisms. Then, the differences in research fields between China and the United States are analyzed and compared. The United States researchers mainly focus on the technical means of skin microorganisms, and the Chinese mainly focus on the research of three skin diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment / Nongye Ziyuan yu Huanjing Xuebao is the property of Journal of Agricultural Resources & Environment Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Development of tissue engineering is of great social and economic significance. Understanding the basic research strength of China in the main subfields of tissue engineering can provide reference for the optimization of resources allocation and for the formulation of corresponding development strategies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the basic research strength of China in the main subfields of tissue engineering. METHODS: PubMed was searched for basic research and top basic research articles in the subfields of tissue engineering (including bone and cartilage, nerve, blood vessel, liver, skin, heart, and eye tissue engineering) in the world, the United States and China. By comparing with the global average and American, Chinese basic research strength in the main subfields of tissue engineering was evaluated with indicators including the number of papers, the growth rate of papers, and the number and proportion of top papers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The number of basic research papers pubIished by Chinese institutions in the subfields of bone and cartilage tissue engineering, nerve tissue engineering, vessel tissue engineering, liver tissue engineering, skin tissue engineering, cardiac tissue engineering and eye tissue engineering was 4 487, 3 551, 2 869, 1 328, 1 185, 1 088 and 689, respectively, accounting for 10%-15% of worldwide papers in corresponding subfields. The amount of papers published by Chinese institutions was nearly half of that published by institutions of the United States for the first five subfields, but only 32.1% and 37.8% of that published by institutions of the United States for the latter two subfields. (2) The annual growth rate of papers published by Chinese institutions was 19.3%, 19.5%, 18.2%, 14.6%, 21.8%, 19.6% and 19.6%, respectively, for the above seven subfrelds, all of which were obviously higher than that of the global average and the United States. (3) The number of top papers published by Chinese institutions was 36, 31, 33, 24, 15, 24 and 12, and the proportion of top papers published by Chinese institutions was 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.2%, 1.8%, 1.3%, 2.2% and 1.7%, respectively, all of which were obviously lower than that of the global average and the United States. (4) China has published relatively more papers on bone and cartilage tissue engineering, nerve tissue engineering and vessel tissue engineering, and relatively less papers on cardiac tissue engineering and eye tissue engineering. The amount of papers published by Chinese institutions has been growing rapidly in each of the seven main subfields of tissue engineering, with the speed of growing being obviously higher than that of the global average and the United States. China has published a certain amount of top papers in each of the seven subfields, while the proportion of top papers for China is obviously lower than that of the global average and the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Public Art is the property of Shanghai Fine Arts Publisher Ltd. co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Technology & Chinese Language Teaching is the property of Middle Tennessee State University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Eastern Liaoning University (Social Sciences) is the property of Department of Journal of Eastern Liaoning University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Academic Library & Information Science is the property of Anhui University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of NTU Management Review is the property of NTU Management Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ordnance Industry Automation is the property of Editorial Board for Ordnance Industry Automation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrographic Surveying & Charting / Haiyang Cehui is the property of Hydrographic Surveying & Charting Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Comparative Education is the property of Chinese Taipei Comparative Education Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Urban renewal in the United States is oriented by individualism and economic model, advocating the "invisible hand" of the market determines the direction and speed of the regeneration of old urban areas. Regarding the motivation and resource, urban regeneration in US resorts to two models: from government to public (top to bottom) and from community engagement to government support (bottom to top), resulting in two models including public--private partnerships and community activism and engagement. Public art plays a signifcant role in both engaging urban regenerations. This paper examines the history of urban regeneration in US, the definition and development of the two models, and the case study of how public art works for urban regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Public Art is the property of Shanghai Fine Arts Publisher Ltd. co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University is the property of Geomatics & Information Science of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Resources / Ziran Ziyuan Xuebao is the property of Journal of Natural Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of School Administrators is the property of School Administration Research Association, R.O.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Education Research (1680-6360) is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency is the property of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Resources / Ziran Ziyuan Xuebao is the property of Journal of Natural Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Resources / Ziran Ziyuan Xuebao is the property of Journal of Natural Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Changzhou University (Social Science Edition) is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Changzhou University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As a main intelligence collection processing and dissemination system of U. S. military forces, the Distributed Common Ground Station ( DCGS) has made a great progress in recent years for benefiting from the global information grid (GIG), cloud technology and big data technology, etc. This paper briefly introduces the developing progress of U. S. DCGS, with emphasis on the status and features of Air Force DCGS-AF and Army DCGS-A, including the architecture and ability of DCGS-AF Block 10.2 and DCGS -A 3.0 Griffin software, etc. According to operational applications of DCGS in Iraq and Afghanistan, it analyzes the future trends of DCGS in hope of providing reference for those concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that college students' life purposes could reflect their moral orientation. This paper aims to conduct a comparative study on the moral orientation and impact factors of life purpose between Chinese and American college students. A total of 379 college students were randomly selected and "Rank 1 Purpose" Survey taken from "Stanford Youth Purpose" Survey was administered in this study, whose data was analyzed with ANOVA. The results showed that a certain number of Chinese and American students possessed an altruistic life purpose. The moral orientation of Chinese students' life purpose was significantly influenced by gender and source of origin, with male students and students from rural areas likely to have altruistic life purposes. However, the moral orientation of American students' life purpose was not affected by their demographic background of this paper selected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates whether the lunar phases influence stock returns in both the Taiwan and U.S. stock markets and further compares if there is a difference in the impact of the lunar phases on stock returns between both markets. Using the daily returns of Taiwan Weighted Stock Index and four major U.S. market indices (DJIA, S&P 500, NYSE, and NASDAQ), we find that the mean returns are higher on the days around new moon than those on the days around full moon in both markets, but this observation is not statistically significant at conventional levels. Moreover, we find that there are more negative returns as the trading days are more close to full moon days in the Taiwan stock market, while we find the results to the contrary in the U.S. stock markets. Based on the results of the regression analysis, we find a positive effect of new moon on U.S. stock returns at the interval of the 5 days before and after new moon day. However, we still find no evidence that the Taiwan stock returns are affected by the lunar phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to survive and develop in the fierce global competition, firms are supposed to e both efficiently responding to the demands of the short-term market and innovatively adapting o the long-term market, which requires organizational ambidexterity. The "structure" within the existing researches on the impact on organizational ambidexterity refers to the organizational structure rather than the governance structure. There are mainly two conflicting ways towards he understanding of the relationship between exploration and exploitation, i. e., trade-off or orthogonality, and until now researchers have not arrived at any consensus. Since previous studies on organizational ambidexterity have ignored the importance of corporate governance and he ambiguity of the relationship between exploration and exploitation, this study tries to explore he relationship between governance structure and corporate performance from the perspective of he effect of the trade-off and orthogonal relationship between exploration and exploitation, thus revealing the mechanism of corporate governance impact on both short- and long-term performances through the balancing effect and combined effect of exploration and exploitation. n this paper, the panel data of US and China listed companies cover the years 2006-2011. The FLGS is adopted to avoid the bias of autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity. The following findings indicate that in the US samples, both monitoring and incentive alignment of corporate governance have positive effects on the balancing effect of exploration and exploitation while in he Chinese samples, incentive alignment has positive effects on the balancing effect of exploration and exploitation but monitoring a negative impact, that is, the higher the monitoring, he less balance between exploration and exploitation. This may be due to the relatively low level of exploratory behavior in China, which is difficult to increase at present. As a result, with the high level of monitoring, the agent has to increase exploitation to cope with the increased use of strict monitoring without much improvement of the exploration level, thus leading to the larger gap between them. Neither monitoring nor incentive alignment has an evident effect on the combined effect in both American and Chinese samples, which demonstrates that the combined effect is far more difficult to achieve than the balancing effect. In the American samples, the balancing effect and the combined effect of exploration and exploitation positively influence both long-term and short-term performances, while in the Chinese samples, it is only the balancing effect that plays a positive role in both long- and short-term performances but the combined effect s evident only on short-term rather than on long-term performance, which seems to show that he balancing effect instead of the combined effect is suitable for China at present. The mediation ole of the balancing effect between corporate governance and the long- and short-term performances has been partially proved, but the mediation role of combined effects has not been found. This study is an extension of the existing research about organizational ambidexterity, and provides a comparison of corporate behavior differences between US and China listed companies. Owing to the limited data availability, one shortage of this paper is that there is only one variable o represent incentive alignment. Future research may use more variables to test the hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Oil shale is one of the most alternative energy except of coal, oil and natural gas. How to develop and use it, have attracted more and more attention in many countries. Taking into account issues such as environmental pollution, in-situ retorting technology has been the trend of large-scale commercialization of oil shale in the future. China has produced the oil shale for a long time, but all of them were developed by means of surface retorting, resulting in a technical gas of in-situ retorting. In order to promote the commercialization of oil shale in-situ retorting technology, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management initiated two oil shale development program and solicited applications for Research, Development and Demonstration (RD&D) in the Green River Formation. This paper also introduces the latest progress of the pilot projects of the major oil companies in this region. By comparing and analyzing the Shell ICP technology, Chevron CRUSH technology, American Shale Oil company CCR technology, and ExxonMobil Electrofrac technology, not only expand the ideas for oil shale in-situ retorting technology, but also provide references for large-scale exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the existing literatures focus on the scale of foreign exchange reserves and on the currency diversification of fixed income portfolio. We think it is necessary to distinguish the different types of the international assets before the process of currency diversification. This paper introduces a mean-variance-Skewness-Kurtosis (MVSK) optimization framework to manage the portfolios of foreign currency, foreign government bound and foreign stock respectively. We find that although difference does exist, the weights of both U.S. government bound and U.S. stock excess 50%. In order to expel the impact caused by the policy of pegging the Renminbi to the U.S. dollar and the potential political factors, this paper does robust tests by examining the portfolios of Japan and Switzerland with the same method, and arrives at similar results. This paper provides an explanation to the apparent paradox between the U.S. dollar depreciation and the significant weights of U.S. government bound and U.S. stock: the big weight is consistent with U.S. dollar assets' lower volatility compared with other counties' assets, which guarantees security of foreign reserves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since around the 1970s, the United States has published numerous collections of translated Chinese Chan poetry and single volumes of poems by Chan hermit poets, gradually forming a prominent feature and a sub-field of translation poetry in the introduction of Chinese classical poetry into the US. Chan poetry translation can be classified as literature translation, poetry, as well as religious text. The author intends to trace and sort out the historical context of the formation of the field of Chan poetry translation in the United States from three aspects: religion, literature, and poetry translation at the time of the occurrence of Chan poetry translation in English, and to reproduce the origin and development of Chan poetry translation in the United States. Ultimately, the formation and establishment of Chan poetry translation stems from the historical interaction and fusion of religion, literature, and translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, the SEER-Medicare data link cancer patients in the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) Program with Medicare enrollment to identify cancer patients who are eligible for Medicare and to provide Medicare Claims for these patients. Statistics from the National Cancer Institute show that there are over 650 peer-reviewed publications using the SEER -Medicare database. This database has been the primary data source for health services research in oncology since its inception, and it has made tremendous contributions to policies related to cancer control, treatment, and surveillance in the United States. The National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), established at the initiation of the Taiwan's National Health Insurance program in 1995, is a claims database. The Taiwan Cancer Database (TCDB), based on the Taiwan Cancer Registry, was established in 2002. The creation of a TCDB-NHIRD linked database could produce a SEER-Medicare-like database and has the potential to become an invaluable resource for cancer as well as policy researchers in Taiwan. This paper introduces the SEER-Medicare database, including data collection, software, applications of the database, data elements, structure, validation, the data request and application process, limitations of the database, and privacy and confidentiality issues. We then use a previously published breast cancer study to demonstrate the procedures involved in generating research from the SEER-Medicare database, followed by recommendations for the future development of a database that links TCDB to the NHIRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on survey of 16 Confucius Institutes in five countries including the United States, Japan, Russia, Thailand, Lebanon, this paper found that: The current Confucius Institutes worldwide have achieve a certain spread of results. But different levels of Chinese culture are quite different in the results of dissemination, Chinese culture in different cultural spheres, especially the Confucian cultural spheres and non-Confucian cultural spheres, are quite different in the results of dissemination, even there are large differences between countries. This paper suggests further that for non-Confucian cultural nation China's material culture should disseminate first, and behavior culture and spiritual culture can be temporarily put on hold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textbooks are considered as the predominant classroom resource by most K-9 teachers. In particular, several studies have found that teachers in Taiwan are extremely anxious about challenging textual authority. As a result, their teaching is centered on textbooks. Even now educational policy in Taiwan is calling on the use of multiple-texts as supplementary materials along with designated textbooks, teachers still find it difficult to bring themselves to use alternative textbooks. In contrast, American teachers are given more autonomy to decide teaching materials as well as evaluation processes and formats. Yet, their accountability needs to be monitored. This is also the main reason the NCLB law calls for improvement of the teacher quality in the U.S. In the present paper, the author contends that due to different interpretations of "curriculum," "textbooks," and "evaluations" in different cultures, we need to learn from each other. However, the key elements for successful teaching in both countries are allowing specialists to exercise autonomy and empowering teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, from foreign communication's position, takes search engine into communication perspective, and gives it doctrinal concern. After analyzed the importance of search engine's recommended function, paper list the sample of it, especially those search results related with P. R. China and United States of America, to testify paper's viewpoints - - that is, United States of America has had the trace in employs search engine's recommended function to guide international voice. Then, paper, also, reasoning whether search engine's recommended function can work in guiding international voice. Finally, paper reinforces the importance of search engine in foreign communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hassler Whitney is one of the most influential mathematicians in the 20th century. With an analysis based on the classification of primary sources, this paper discusses Whitney's work on graph theory before he switched to topology. It reviews his great contributions to planar graph, Hamiltonian circuits in planar graphs, chromatic polynomials and matroid theory, which was founded by Whitney in his paper entitled “On the abstract properties of linear dependence” in 1935. The results show that these contributions are closely related to the four-color conjecture. He made many theoretical achievements derived from it even though he didn't succeed. And his legacies have a great impact on the development of modern graph theory. A prime characteristic of Whitney's mathematical work is the search for inner reasons (SIR) for phenomena. And another one is the thought infiltration of topology into graph theory, which has significantly influenced graph theory and topology. It is expected to be beneficial for understanding Whitney's academic achievements in all aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]