Private Cooperation and Community Engagement Model of American Urban Renewal on the Art-Oriented City Construction.

Urban renewal in the United States is oriented by individualism and economic model, advocating the "invisible hand" of the market determines the direction and speed of the regeneration of old urban areas. Regarding the motivation and resource, urban regeneration in US resorts to two models: from government to public (top to bottom) and from community engagement to government support (bottom to top), resulting in two models including public--private partnerships and community activism and engagement. Public art plays a signifcant role in both engaging urban regenerations. This paper examines the history of urban regeneration in US, the definition and development of the two models, and the case study of how public art works for urban regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]