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Huanma paper-cut is the representation of the first batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage masterpieces of Sichuan province. In recent years, Huanma Town in Cangxi County of Sichuan Province has continuously explored and trans⁃ formed traditional techniques into a cultural industry, seeking a market for the development of Huanma paper-cutting industry and realizing the transformation of the industrial structure of“prospering the town with culture and promoting literature with classics”. At present, Huanma’s paper-cutting inheritance work faces problems such as insufficient follow-up, fewer papercut inheritance craftsmen, lack of in-depth theoretical research and deviations in development positioning. In the period of rural revitalization, the protection project of Huanma paper-cut should start from improving the“intangible cultural heritage”man⁃ agement mechanism, cultivating and protecting the inheritors of paper-cutting skills, increasing the promotion of intangible cul⁃ tural heritage, creating a market brand of paper-cutting culture, and strengthening the construction of paper-cutting schoolbased courses, etc. Aspects of systematic construction, so as to promote its sound development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper used the location entropy index, spatial gini coefficient and barycenter model to analyze the temporal and spatial changes of Chinese animal husbandry industry agglomeration from 2002 to 2021. On this basis, the fixedeffects model was constructed to explore the influencing factors of the animal husbandry industry agglomeration. The results showed that from 2002 to 2021, the agglomeration degree of Chinese animal husbandry industry exhibited a continuous upward trend. The focus of the animal husbandry industry agglomeration had been concentrated in Henan and Sichuan for a long time. The animal husbandry industry gradually gathered from the eastern to the central region. The technology input, industry correlation, economic development level and policy environment all had a positive impact on the animal husbandry industry agglomeration, while the number of labor force had no significant impact on the animal husbandry industry agglomeration. Therefore, the paper puts forward some suggestions to accelerate the clustered development of animal husbandry industry, stimulate the shift of high-qualitanimal husbandry industry elements to the centralregion, and strengthen the policy support for the animal husbandry industry agglomeration, so as to provide a reference for promoting the high-quality development of animal husbandry industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to promote the more effective transformation of agricultural scientific and technological a- chievements, it is necessary to build a stable transformation model and a scientific and reasonable profit distribution mechanism. [Method] The paper summarized the typical transformation models through field research on the relevant subjects involved in the transformation of agri- cultural scientific and technological achievements in Sichuan province. Considering the risk-taking, technological innovation and cooperation degree of participants, the paper constructed a benefit distribution model for the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological a- chievements based on the modified Shapley value method, and made a theoretical and empirical analysis on the benefit distribution mecha- nism of each subject in the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. [Result】(i) Government, research insti- tute, agricultural enterprises, dealers/retailers, village collective economic organizations, cooperatives/family farms/farmers have formed the transformation models of public welfare, operation and poverty alleviation. Resource sharing, complementary advantages, and coordinated development among cooperative entities in different models were conducive to reducing transaction costs, improving the efficiency of profes- sional division, realizing economies of scale and scope, and creating higher overall returns and individual benefits. (ii) Constructing a trans- formation model of agricultural scientific and technological achievements led by agricultural enterprises formed a higher efficiency of scientific and technological resource allocation and promoted the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. (iii) The re- vised benefit distribution method was more realistic and conducive to the long-term stability of cooperation due to the inclusion of the influ- ence of risk-taking, technological innovation and cooperation degree of participants. 【Conclusion】 By increasing policy support for agricultur-al enterprises leading scientific and technological innovation, enhancing the synergy of cooperative innovation among different subjects, and establishing a scientific and reasonable benefit distribution mechanism, it is conducive to promoting the effective transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the surface landscape characteristics, evolution patterns and epidemiological significance of the Himalayan dry otter plague natural epidemic sites under the dual influence of natural environment and major projects such as the Sichuan-Tibet Railway. Methods Based on the continuous land use, NDVI and other geographic environmental data of the natural source of Himalayan dry otter plague along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway in Sichuan from 2010 to 2021, paper quantitatively analyzed the changes in the geographic pattern of the natural source of plague and its association with the Himalayan dry otter population with the help of land use shift matrix, NDVI trend analysis and landscape index. Results During 2010-2020, the dominant vegetation type is grassland, the transfer between various types of land is gentle, the overall vegetation cover rises gently by 24.78%, the area of vegetation improvement zone accounts for 75.84%, the aggregation of various types of grassland strengthens, the differentiation of land classes intensifies, and the density of Himalayan dry otter decreases. After 2020, the transfer of land is relatively intensified, mainly the conversion between forest land and grassland, the scattered expansion of various types of grassland, and the density of Himalayan dry otter decreases. The boundary between classes gradually weakens, and the density of Himalayan dry otter increases. Conclusion Dual natural and anthropogenic disturbances will intensify changes in the landscape pattern of the natural source of Himalayan dry otter plague along the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, destroy the overall stability of the ecosystem of the natural source of plague. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: On 5th September 2022, an Ms 6.8 earthquake struck the Luding County, Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China. This earthquake triggered extensive geological hazards in the moun‐ tainous area, leading to serious casualties. Rapidly and accurately obtaining the spatial distribution of the in‐ duced geological hazards is crucial for emergency decision-making and rescue after an earthquake. Methods: Based on the global coseismic landslide database and deep learning algorithm, this paper built a near real-time prediction model of spatial distribution probability of coseismic landslides, and obtained the prediction results of the geological hazards induced by the Luding earthquake within 2 hours after the event. Through the post-earthquake unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） and satellite remote sensing images, ma‐ chine learning and deep learning algorithms were used to realize the automated recognition of large-scale geological hazards. A total of 3 633 earthquake-induced landslides with an area of 13.78 km2 were interpreted. Finally, the model was optimized by integrating these landslide data, and the prediction results of coseismic landslides with a broader area and higher accuracy were achieved. Results: The results show that the coseis‐ mic landslide prediction model can realize a rapid capture of spatial distribution of post-earthquake geologi‐ cal hazards, filling the blank period before the acquisition of post-earthquake remote sensing images and providing support for post-disaster emergency rescue. Conclusions: Intelligent identification technologies based on UAV and satellite remote sensing images are effective means to rapidly obtain the vital informa‐ tion of large-scale geological hazards. The achievements obtained in this paper played an important role in the emergency rescue after the Luding earthquake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the changes of eco-environmental quality brought by land use transformation and analyze the influencing factors of spatial differentiation of eco-environmental quality. It can provide scientific support for land management and regional planning in the social and ecological sustainable development of Sichuan province.【Method】Based on the remote sensing monitoring data of land use in Sichuan province in 2000, 2010 and 2020, starting from the dimension of land use function, the paper analyzed and studied the eco-environmental effects and influencing factors of land use transformation in Sichuan province from 2000 to 2020 by using land use transfer matrix, land use center of gravity migration, eco-environmental index, contribution rate of ecological quality and geographic detector.【Result】（i）The transformation of land function structure in Sichuan province from 2000 to 2020 was characterized by the transfer of agricultural production land to forest land and forage ecological land; Spatially, the transformation featured that the center of gravity of production and living land was constantly away from the geometric center, while the center of gravity of ecological land was continuously close to the geometric center.（ii）The eco-environmental quality index of Sichuan province in 2000, 2010 and 2020 was 0.4968, 0.4969 and 0.5009 respectively. The regional eco-environmental quality generally showed the distribution characteristics of ‘high in the West and low in the East’.（iii）From 2000 to 2010, the transfer of agricultural production land to forest and pasture ecological land was the main land transformation to promote the improvement of ecological environment; The transfer of forest land ecological land to pasture and other ecological land from 2000 to 2010 was the main land transformation leading to the deterioration of ecological environment. From 2010 to 2020, the production land of forest land would be transferred to agricultural production land, forage and other ecological land.（iv）The spatial differentiation of regional eco-environmental quality was affected by many factors such as nature, society and economy, among which elevation, topographic relief and population density were the main influencing factors.【Conclusion】The characteristics of land use transformation in Sichuan province are as follows: The center of gravity of production and living land is constantly deviated from the geometric center of gravity, and the imbalance of production and living space distribution is enhanced. The center of gravity of ecological land keeps approaching the geometric center of gravity, and the spatial distribution of ecological land tends to be balanced; The changing characteristics of ecological environment quality are as follows: The ecological environment quality index is constantly increasing, the area of high-quality and high-quality ecological environment areas is rising, and the overall regional ecological environment quality structure is constantly optimized; Explore the impact mechanism of spatial differentiation of eco-environmental effects, and draw the conclusion that regional eco-environmental quality differentiation is mainly affected by elevation, terrain undulation and population density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous increase of shale gas production in China, the associated water production is also increasing, which is the mixture of the water used for hydraulic fracturing and the brine retained in shale formation. During the treatment of produced water, valuable elements such as lithium, potassium and bromine are further enriched and concentrated. especially lithium. resources, which has broad prospects for development and utilization, and can alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of strategic resource lithium in China. In this paper, the shale gas resources in Sichuan are introduced and summarized mainly. And the ion content in the produced water of shale gas in Weiyuan and Changning areas in southern Sichuan is listed respectively. At present, the produced water volume of each well in Weiyuan and Changning is 19 800 m³ and 15 293 m³ respectively, and the lithium content in most of the produced water is 10, 62-58, 96 mg/L, which has high economic utilization value. The reserves and prospects of lithium resources in the produced water of shale gas are predicted. The applicability of extraction method, membrane separation method and adsorption method to the extraction of lithium in shale gas produced water are summarized, which provides the reference for the comprehensive utilization of lithium resources from shale gas formation in southern Sichuan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recognition of landslide structure and deformation behavior and the change with time are crucial in landslide hazard monitoring. Seismological methods have unique advantages in obtaining the internal structure of the Earth and the fault rupture and deformation. Passive seismic methods do not need artificial sources, and the field work is flexible. Passive seismic methods are safe, economical and effective to monitor landslide. Passive seismic methods have been used to obtain velocity structure, thickness and brittle de⁃ formation characteristics of the Xishancun landslide in Lixian County, Sichuan Province. This paper briefly describes the basic theory of these seismological methods and the progress in the study of the Xishancun landslide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to investigate the comprehensive effects of irrigation amount on soil enzyme activity, yield, quality and nutrient utilization of pepper in Sichuan Basin, and propose an appropriate irrigation amount. 【Method】 The pepper variety of Xingshuzhoula 3 was used as the experiment material. Four irrigation amount treatments were set, and the soil volumetric moisture content was controlled respectively at 35%-40% (T1), 45%-50% (T2), 55%-60% (T3), 65%-70% (T4). The soil urease, neutral phosphatase, sucrase β-Glucosidase activity and catalase activity such as yield, quality, and plant N, P, K content of peppers were determined. The interrelationship between the indicators was analyzed. 【Result】 The soil enzyme activities increased with the increase of irrigation amount. The soil urease, neutral phosphatase, sucrase, β-glucosidase and catalase activities of T4 were the highest, and the activities of some enzymes were not significantly different from those of T3.Compared with T1, the increases were 48.80%, 28.70%, 45.60%, 100.87% and 102.58%, respectively. With the increase of irrigation amount, pepper yield also increased, T4 increased by 29.05% compared with T1, and there was no significant difference in pepper yield between T3 and T4.The content of vitamin C and capsaicin in peppers decreased gradually with the increase of irrigation water, but the content of soluble sugar in peppers increased with the increase of irrigation water. The amount of irrigation increased the total accumulation of nutrients (N, P and K), the physiological use efficiency of N and K and the partial fertilizer productivity in pepper fruits and shoots. Except that the physiological utilization efficiency of P was lower than that of T4, the other nutrient utilization parameters of T3 were not significantly different from those of T4, and the physiological utilization efficiency of K was even significantly higher than that of T4.【Conclusion】When the irrigation amount is 4392-4733 t/hm² (T3 and T4), the soil enzyme activity, yield and nutrient utilization rate of pepper are all at high levels. The results of the study provide a theoretical and practical reference for the selection of the irrigation amount of facilities pepper in Sichuan Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to optimize the composition of alkaloid in Sichuan cigar and realize the quality improvement and harm reduction of cigar, the conversion degree of nicotine to nornicotine and the distribution of nicotine conversion rate between plants among the main cigar varieties were determined, and variety purification was carried out according to the conversion traits of nicotine.【Method】 Dexue 1, Dexue 3, Dexue 4, Dexue 5, Dexue 7 and Shiyan 1 were used as test materials. The content of alkaloids and TSNAs in the middle leaves of the tested varieties were determined and analyzed. The main cultivars in Sichuan (Dexue 4, Dexue 7 and Shiyan 1) were purified by early conversion stimulation and converter identification. 【Result】 (i) The alkaloid composition and contents in Sichuan cigar varieties were significantly different, and there were different degrees of nicotine conversion in different varieties, and the distribution of nicotine conversion rate between plants was quite different. The nicotine conversion problem of Dexue 5 was prominent. The proportion of converters in the tested group was 100%, and all converters were high converter. There were a large number of nicotine converters in Shiyan 1, among which the low converters were the majority, accounting for 37.9% of the total population. The problems of nicotine conversion in Dexue 1 and Dexue 3 were relatively less serious with all the tested plants being low converters. The conversion rate of Dexue 4 and Dexue 7 were 48% and 30%, respectively. (ii) Based on the early conversion stimulation and converter identification of Dexue 4, Dexue 7 and Shiyan 1, the non-converters were strictly selected for self-fertilize, and the corresponding purified species seeds were obtained. Compared with the corresponding conventional varieties, the nicotine content and nicotine conversion rate of purified variety were significantly reduced, the NNN contents and the total amount of TSNAs were significantly reduced, and the NNN contents of Dexue 7 was reduced from 2615.27 ng/g to 442.67 ng/g, the total amount of TSNAs decreased from 3602.46 ng/g to 1327.24 ng/g, and the NNN contents of Dexue 4 and Shiyan 1 decreased from 3235.76 and 3940.32 ng/g to 945.32 and 1315.40 ng/g, the total amount of TSNAs decreased from 5658.51 and 6669.89 ng/g to 2889.81 and 2840.12 ng/g. The purified variety had better cigar flavor. 【Conclusion】 Sichuan cigar varieties have different degree of nicotine conversion problems. By early conversion stimulation and converter identification and strictly selecting non-converters to self-fertilize for the purification, conversion rate and tobacco-specific nitrosamine contents can be effectively reduced, the quality and safety of cigar can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The study on the change characteristics of cultivated land area and its influence on grain production pattern in key watersheds aims to provide reference for promoting the sustainable use of cultivated land and coordinating the relationship between food security and economic development. 【Method】 Taking 82 counties in key watersheds of Sichuan Province as the research unit, using mathematical quantization model and GIS spatial analysis method, this paper explores the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of cultivated land area and its influence on the change of grain production pattern in the study area in recent 20 years. 【Result】 (1) From 2001 to 2020, the cultivated land area in the key watersheds of Sichuan Province increased by 915,700 hm², with an increase rate of 37.39%, but showed a changing trend of “increase→ basically unchanged→ decrease→ basically unchanged” in different economic development periods. (2) The change of cultivated land area showed a spatial agglomeration state of “high-value cluster area” and “low-value cluster area” in the key watersheds of Sichuan Province, and the changes in quantity of these areas showed an inverted “N” type fluctuation trend in different economic development periods. (3) The spatial transfer types of grain production (grain production transfer out area, grain production transfer into area and grain production stability area) in the key watersheds of Sichuan Province showed a fluctuating trend of increase and decrease in quantity. In general, the area of grain production transferred out and transferred into increased by 13.42% and 13.41%, respectively, and the change trend was basically unchanged. However, the grain production stability area decreased significantly, down by 26.83%, and there was regional degradation in grain production. (4) The change of cultivated land area is an important cause of the spatial transfer of grain production in the key watersheds of Sichuan Province, and the counties that are sensitive to the change of cultivated land area show the characteristics of centralized and multi-point distribution. 【Conclusion】 The change of cultivated land area and its impact on grain production pattern in the key watersheds of Sichuan Province from 2001 to 2020 fluctuated significantly in different periods of economic development. Therefore, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to strictly implement the cultivated land use control system, strengthen the cooperative management of regional competent departments, establish the long-term benefit compensation mechanism of cultivated land conservation, and construct the cultivated land security early warning and control mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the latest progress of variable viscosity slick water technology in China, analyzes the application of variable viscosity slick water in unconventional gas reservoirs in Sichuan and Chongqing, and puts forward the development direction of variable viscosity slick water. The variable viscosity slick water realizes the real-time switching of low, medium and high viscosity liquids by adjusting the concentration of drag reducer and / or introducing cross-linking agent. The research of drag reducer focuses on the synthesis and performance evaluation of polyacrylamide containing AMPS or SSS salt-tolerant groups and hydrophobic associating polymer, to meet the needs of preparing fracturing flow-back fluid mixing and change viscosity. The research on the performance of variable viscosity slick water mainly focuses on the influence law of viscosity on sand carrying performance, fracture morphology and drag reduction performance, but it is not yet determined what viscosity is suitable for what reservoir. The application of variable viscosity slick water in unconventional gas reservoirs in Sichuan and Chongqing was successful. The overall viscosity in tight gas is higher than that in shale gas, and the sand carrying capacity in deep shale gas needs to be further enhanced. Hydrophobically associating polymer drag reducer and solid drag reducer are the development direction of variable viscosity slick water. It is expected to solve the problems of high frictional resistance of high viscosity liquid and potential environmental risks of emulsion drag reducer. This paper has certain guiding significance for the research and application of variable viscosity slick water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】In recent years, the wheat in Sichuan province is threatened by Fusarium head blight（FHB） or scab as changes in climate and farming practices.The present paper aimed to obtain the genetic resources of resistance to FHB in Sichuan wheat varieties, and breed wheat for resistance to FHB.【Method】In the research, 156 wheat varieties or high-generation lines with moderate resistance to FHB were identified by soil surface inoculation.The resistance gene composition of these wheat varieties was detected by molecular markers of FHB resistance genes Fhb1, Fhb2, Fhb4 and Fhb5, as well as some stripe rust resistance genes and powdery mildew resistance gene.【Result】Through molecular detection of disease resistance genes, it was found that 20yin979 and 20jian2506-10 contained the FHB resistance genes Fhb1 and Fhb5, respectively. For stripe rust resistance genes detection, 4, 63, 9, 3 and 14 wheat materials containing the Yr5, Yr15, Yr18, Yr26 and YrAs2388 were detected, respectively. And the distribution frequencies of rust resistance genes Yr5, Yr15, Yr18, Yr26 and YrAs2388 were 2.56%, 40.38%, 5.77%, 1.92% and 8.97%, respectively. A total of 44 materials containing the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 were detected, and the distribution frequency in the tested materials was 28.21%.The distribution of resistance genes showed that 122 materials contained at least one resistance gene.Among them, 6 materials contained both strip rust and powdery mildew resistance genes, 9 materials contained 2 strip rust resistance genes, and the remaining 106 materials contained only 1 resistance gene. The only material 20jian2506-10 contained three resistance genes of FHB, stripe rust and powdery mildew.【Conclusion】These results indicate that Sichuan wheat lacks FHB resistance resources with explicit genetic background.Therefore, Sichuan wheat FHB resistance breeding should strengthen the introduction of known resistance resources while making full use of the local FHB resistance resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The position time series of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) contain rich tectonic and non-tectonic deformation information, and the complex components are difficult to accurately model and effectively separate non-tectonic information. It is very important to remove the non-tectonic de‐ formation information for the accurate and effective application of the observation data. Methods: Empirical mode decomposition （EMD） is an adaptive time-frequency processing method to correct the period term of time series at 24 GNSS continuous stations and 2 mobile stations in Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province. Results: The results show that the correction of the period term is necessary, and the EMD method can ex‐ tract the different frequency and amplitude period components adaptively according to its own characteristics of signal at each station. Compared with the original time series, the average root mean square error after correction is reduced significantly in N, E and U directions. And EMD method is more accurate and effective than harmonic model modification. We use the modified continuous station time series to simulate the mobile observations, and find that relatively reliable motion velocities can be obtained after an observation period of 5 ‐6 years. The stability and reliability of EMD method are verified by correcting the period term of the mobile station with the actual continuous observation station at a close distance. Conclusions: This paper provides a reference and theoretical basis for the implementation of mobile GNSS observation and the correction of observation data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the daily average water temperature exceeds 32℃, the hatching rate and feeding rate of some warm water fish decrease with the increase of temperature, grow slowly or stop growing, and are easy to induce diseases. In summer, the water temperature in the fish pond is not always in the high temperature period. In this paper, based on the water and air temperature data of Fushun Aquaculture Meteorological Service Test Base from 2017 to 2019, the variation characteristics of water temperature in each layer of fish pond in summer were analyzed, and the prediction models of average and maximum water temperature on the sunny days were established by stepwise regression analysis. Results showed that the daily max. water temperature in each layer in summer occurs from 18:00 to 19:00, which lagged behind the temperature by 1-3 hours. The period when the water temperature ≥32℃ was mainly concentrated from 16:00 to 22:00, and the hourly average water temperature of each layer in this period was 32.9-33.1℃, 32.6-32.7℃ and 32.1-32.3℃, respectively. The water temperature of each layer fluctuated and rose with the temperature in summer, especially from mid-June to early-July, while the maximum values of temperature and water temperature appeared in late-July. The average number of days with water temperature ≥32℃ in summer was 23 days, accounting for a quarter of the whole summer, mainly from late July to mid-August. During this period, the daily average water temperature of each layer was 28.5-34.4℃, 28.2-34.1℃ and 27.9-33.9℃, respectively. The back substitution test in 2017-2018 and the forecast test in 2019 showed that the average absolute error of the model was 0.3-0.8℃, and the average relative error was within 2.6%, indicating that the model has good prediction effect and can be better applied to the prediction of fish pond water temperature in summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the physiological mechanism of kiwifruit pulp colour difference, so as to provide a reference for kiwifruit pulp colour directional breeding. 【Method】Six main kiwifruit varieties in Sichuan province were used as tested materials, the representative periods of fruit development were selected, and the contents of soluble solids, dry matter, total acid, Vc, soluble protein, soluble starch, total phenols, flavonoids and main pigments, as well as the scavenging rates of ABTS free radical, DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical were tested, meanwhile the changes of main physiological indexes and their correlation with pulp colour were studied. 【Result】The changes of main physiological indexes of different varieties in fruit development period basically tended to be the same, ‘Hongshi 2’ and ‘Jinshi 1’ maintained high contents of total phenol, Vc and total acid during the whole fruit development period and were significantly higher than the other four varieties in DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity. In the early stage of fruit harvest, the dry matter content of ‘Hongyang’ was significantly higher than that of the other five varieties, the acid content was the lowest, and the soluble protein content of ‘Cuiyu’ was the highest. It was shown in the results of the analysis on the correlation between physiological index and pigment content that the flavonoid content was significantly or extremely significantly positively-correlated with the pigment content in kiwifruits of different varieties, the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, vitamin C content and titratable acid content were significantly or extremely significantly negatively-correlated with the pigment content in kiwifruits of several varieties, and the scavenging rates of DPPH and ABTS free radicals, as well as the contents of dry matter, total soluble solid, soluble starch and soluble protein were not consistently correlated with the pigment content in kiwifruits of different varieties. 【Conclusion】There is a significant correlation between the color difference of kiwifruit pulp and some physiological indexes. When breeding, the parent configuration combination matching the target characters can be selected through the test of physiological indexes related to the color of parent pulp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of low-temperature continuous rain disasters in rice during the heaving-heading stage in Sichuan province, in order to provide scientific basis for disaster prevention and reduction of low-temperature continuous rain disasters in rice at different growth stages in Sichuan province. 【Method】 According to the topographic and geomorphic types of Sichuan province, the rice planting regions were divided into six regions, namely, the marginal mountain region around the basin, the parallel range-valley region in the east of the basin, the hilly region in the south of the basin, the shallow hilly region in the middle of the basin, the flat hill region in the west of the basin and the mountainous region in the southwest of Sichuan. Based on the data of daily mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation and sunshine duration of 21 agricultural meteorological stations in Sichuan province from 1961 to 2020, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of low-temperature continuous rain during the period of rice starting from heading to heading were analyzed by using statistical analysis method combined with evaluation indexes of low-temperature continuous rain. 【Result】 (i) The frequency of mild, moderate and severe cold damage of rice during booting and heading stage in Sichuan province was as follows: 0%-32.5%, 0%-44.8% and 0%-50.3%, and the large values were all in the southwest Mountain area of Sichuan. Although the occurrence frequency of mild and moderate cold damage was relatively low, the distribution area of mild cold damage was the widest, followed by moderate cold damage, and the distribution area of severe cold damage was the smallest, only in the southwest Mountain area of Sichuan. (ii) The frequency of mild, moderate and severe continuous rain disasters were 0.4%-3.8%, 0%-5.2% and 0%-0.5%, respectively. (iii) The frequency of low-temperature continuous rain disasters was 0%-9.1% from 1961 to 2020, 0%-9.1% from 1991 to 2000, and 0%-3.3% from 1961 to 1970. (iv) From 1961 to 2020, the frequency of low temperature cold damage and low temperature continuous rain disaster passed the significance test of 0.05 over time, showing a decreasing trend. The frequency of continuous rain disaster did not change significantly with time and did not pass the morphological significance test of 0.05. 【Conclusion】 The frequency of low-temperature continuous rain disaster was high in the mountainous area of southwest Sichuan. In Sichuan province, the continuous low temperature rain disaster of rice during booting and heading stage showed a decreasing trend in recent years, which was consistent with the results of the reduction of low temperature cold damage and continuous rain disaster under the background of climate warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The present paper aimed to understand the cold tolerance of sugarcane main parents and the change characteristics of cold tolerance evaluation related traits, and to provide reference for breeding cold tolerance sugarcane varieties and reducing the harm of frost to sugarcane production. [Method] A total of 102 parents were selected for natural frost test in 5 crops consisted of two plant cane( 2017P and 2019P) and 3-year ratoon crops(2018F, 2019S and 2020F) during 2017-2020 in Zizhong, Sichuan, a frost prone area. The correlation analysis, variance analysis, calculation of broad sense heritability and cluster classification were processed. [Result] It was found that there were differences in the types and degree of cold damaged traits among parents under low temperature environments, and ratoon cane was more vulnerable than plant cane. The damaged traits were significantly ( P < 0. 05 ) correlated with some agronomic characters under cold or light frost. The performance of damaged traits was affected by parent, year and their interaction. The damage rate of plant was a high heritability trait, which can be used to evaluate cold tolerance under cold and light frost. The damage rate of stalk length and internode were medium heritability traits, which were less affected by low temperature environments, and can be used to evaluate cold tolerance, and the damage rate of internode was slightly better than that of stalk length. The percentage of green leaves varies greatly among years, which can be used for cold tolerance evaluation under light or moderate frost. The percentage of parental variance decreased, and the heritability also decreased when combined data from different trials were used for variance analysis. Cluster classification showed that trials plant crops in 2017 and 2019 were not suitable for the evaluation of cold tolerance of parents. Among the tested parents, 58. 89% of the parents were identified as good or better cold tolerance and 23. 53 % as poor or poorer.[Conclusion] There are differences in the types and degree of cold damaged traits among parents under low temperature environments, and the cold tolerance of sugarcane belongs to medium to high heritability. The traits that can be used for cold tolerance evaluation are affected by the degree of low temperature. Mild and severe low temperature stress should be set for indoor cold tolerance test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper explored the spatial distribution pattern and driving factors of aquaculture in Sichuan province, which aimed to provide reference for optimizing the layout of aquaculture and then promoting the quality and product of this industry. [Method] Taking the country (municipal district) of Sichuan province as the basic spatial research unit, with the help of the province' s fishery statistical yearbook and local one, the spatial distribution pattern, influencing facotrs and spatial heterogeneity of domaint factors of aquaculture in Sichuan province were analyzed by using the spatial autocorrelation analysis method (Moran' s I), the geo-detercor and the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model respectively. [Result] The results showed that both aquaculture area and product were characterised by a significantby positive spatial correlation and the plain and hilly areas along the Minjiang and Tuojiang Rivers in eastern Sichuan (including Rong county, Weiyuan county, Zizhong county, Jingyan county, Renshou county, Yanjiang district, Jianyang city, etc.) were the province' s primary aquaculture cluster; the aquaculture area, average yield level, the number of freshwater fish fry and aquaculture labor force were main influencing factors of aquaculture product in Sichuan province ; In the positive regression coefficient effect of domain factors, aquaculture area decreased from the middle to the nonh and south sides, the average yield level decreased from the nonheast to the southwest and the number of freshwater fish fry decreased from the nonh to the south. And the aquaculture labor force transited from negative value to positive value from the southeast to the west, and gradually increased. [Conclusion] The research on the spatial pattern and influencing factors of aquaculture in Sichuan province would provide a scientific basis for the intensive and differentiated development of aquaculture in this province, and would be one of the effective means to optimize the layout of aquaculture in Sichuan province and then promote the sustainable development of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a major institutional innovation in the practice of the green development concept, the energy‑consuming transaction system is a major measure to promote the reform of the ecological civilization system. The implementation of the energy‑consuming transaction system is important for improving energy utilization efficiency and achieving ‘dual control’ of energy consumption and intensity. Using the energy‑consuming transaction system pilots as an entry point, and based on the panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2019, this paper used the difference‑in‑differences method to examine the impact and mechanism of energy‑consuming transaction system on energy efficiency. The research results showed that the energy‑consuming transaction system could significantly improve energy utilization efficiency. Specifically, it could reduce the energy consumption per unit of GDP in the pilot provinces by 5.78%. The mechanism test showed that the energy‑consuming transaction system mainly improved energy utilization efficiency by promoting green technology innovation. Heterogeneity analysis showed that the energy‑consuming transaction system would have a diminishing effect on energy utilization efficiency along with the energy saving potential. The energy ‑consuming transaction system could play a significant role in promoting the energy utilization efficiency of Henan and Sichuan, while the impact on Zhejiang and Fujian was not significant. In addition, this article also found that the energy‑consuming transaction system had environmental dividends, which could effectively reduce sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions while promoting energy efficiency. After parallel trend test, structural breakpoint test, PSM‑DID, placebo test, and other robustness tests, the conclusion of this article was still valid. This study has the following implications: In the process of building the energy‑consuming transaction market, it is necessary to promptly summarize the pilot experience, gradually expand the piloting scope, constantly improve the regulatory mechanism to reduce institutional transaction costs, promote efficient energy allocation and rational use, and at the same time, adhere to local conditions and set out to formulate and implement supporting measures for energy‑consuming transactions with local characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze the main factors affecting the yield of Brassica napus L in different regions of Sichuan province, so as to provide theoretical basis for breeding B. napus L. varieties suitable for different rapeseed producing areas in Sichuan province. [Method] Variation analysis, correlation analysis and path analysis were used to analyze the relationship between the agronomic characters and the yield of B. napus L . [Result] In Xindu, Deyang and Dazhou regions, the most variation of agronomic trait was the first branch numbers. The value was the number of seeds per siliquain Chongzhou and Mianyang regions. It was the number of effective siliqua per plant in Nanchang, Yibin, Jianyang, and Leshan regions. The least variation of agronomic traits was the plant hight, in the Xindu, Chongzhou, Jianyang, Mianyang, and Deyang regions. It was 1000-seed weight, in the Nanchang, Yibin, Leshan, and Dazhou regions. The yield of Xindu region was significant or highly significant negative correlated with the first branch numbers and the number of effective siliqua per plant But, it was significant positive correlated with the plant hight and the number of seeds per siliqua. The yield of Nanchang region was significant or highly significant positive correlated with the plant hight, the first branch numbers, and the number of effective siliqua per plant. The yield of Yibin region was highly significant positive correlated with the plant hight. The yield of Jianyang region was significant or highly significant positive correlated with the number of effective siliqua per plant and the number of seeds per siliqua. But, it was highly significant negative correlated with the 1000-seed weight. The yield of Leshan region was significant positive correlated with the number of effective siliqua per plant. There was no significant correlation between yield and main agronomic traits in Mianyang, Deyang, and Dazhou region. In Xindu region, the greatest direct path coefficient and the greatest comprehensive effects were respectively the number of seeds per siliqua and the the number of effective siliqua per plant. Those were both the number of seeds per siliqua in Chongzhou region. In Nanchong and Jianyang regions, the greatest direct path coefficient and the greatest comprehensive effects were respectively the number of seeds per siliqua and the 1000-seed weight. Those values were respectively the number of effective siliqua per plant and the first branch numbers in both Mianyang and Dazhou regions. In Deyang region, the greatest direct path coefficient and the greatest comprehensive effects were both the number of effective siliqua per plant. [Conclusion] There were differences in the coefficient of variation of main agronomic traits of B. napus L in different producing areas of Sichuan province, and there were differences in correlation with yield. The effects of yield components on yield should be fully considered in breeding, as well as the comprehensive effects of other traits. The present study provides a scientific basis for breeding B. napus L varieties suitable for different regions of Sichuan province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective mass transfer coefficient of hydrogen ion is an important basic parameter of acid rock reaction kinetics, and it is an essential basic parameter for acid fracturing design of carbonate reservoir. It is usually measured by rotating rock disk instrument or conventional size parallel rock plate flow test, but the rotating rock disk instrument cannot simulate the reaction of acid in the formation, and there is a deviation in the test results of high viscosity liquid. In the parallel plate flow experiment, if the size of rock plate is short, then calculating the hydrogen ion mass transfer coefficient will cause large error by using the difference of the rock plate quality or the difference of acid concentration. In this paper, a new method for measuring H+ effective mass transfer coefficient in fractures by large scale linear dynamic displacement is designed. Three-dimensional laser scanning of large size rock plates before and after peracid is carried out, and the acid etching volume of the rock plates is measured, then the acid consumption rate and H+ effective mass transfer coefficient are calculated. In this paper, the H+ effective mass transfer coefficients of gelling acid and diverting acid in the dolomite of west Sichuan permian Qixia formation are tested, which are between (1.50-2.31)×10-5 m/s. The results provide key dynamic parameters for fracture simulation, acid fracturing design and acid fracturing effect evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the exploration and development experience of shale gas in Sichuan basin, the occurrence states of shale gas are adsorption state and free state, as well as a small amount of dissolve state, in which the content of free state can reach 20%-85%. Therefore, the study of methane adsorption characteristics in shale under high pressure has a great significance to accurate evaluation of shale reservoir and reserves prediction. In this paper, the shale gas reservoir in Sichuan area is taken as an example for isothermal adsorption experiment. After analyzing the experimental results, it is found that the adsorption capacity of methane increase with the increase of pressure in shale pores, but the increase rate of adsorption capacity decrease gradually. It is found that the adsorption capacity of methane in shale is affected by porosity and organic carbon content through analyzing the commonly used calculation model of adsorption capacity. Through the fitting of experimental results, introducing the calculation factors determined by porosity and organic carbon content, a new calculation method of isotherm adsorption capacity is obtained with an average relative error of 8%. It has a great significance to simplify the calculation method of shale adsorption and accurately predict shale reserves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】Water shortage in dry season and nutrient deficit in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province are the main factors limiting agricultural production. The present paper aimed to investigate the effects of biochar and polyacrylamide on water and fertilizer retention capacity of purple soil in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture.【Method】The field experiment was carried out with biochar application rates of 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 t/hm~2, polyacrylamide application rates of 0, 45, 90, 135, 180 kg/hm~2. 【Result】Compared with control, the percentage of effective particle size of >50 μm increased by 8.9 % under 60 t/hm~2 biochar treatment, 7.4 % under 180 kg/hm~2 polyacrylamide treatment, respectively; the soil bulk density decreased by 17.0 % under the treatment of 60 t/hm~2 biochar, which was 1.08 g/cm~3, and decreased by 13.1 % under the treatment of 135 kg/hm~2 polyacrylamide which was 1.13 g/cm~3; The soil saturated water content increased linely with the increasing application rates of biochar, 60 t/hm~2 biochar treatment increased by 20.8 %, which was 51.2 %. However, the soil saturated water content, field water holding capacity and the capillary water content increased first and then decreased with the increasing application rates of polyacrylamide, and 180 kg/hm~2 polyacrylamide treatment increased by 23.5 %, 21.3 % and 25.0 % which was 53.9 %, 32.3 % and 45.6 %, respectively. For soil organic matter, the treatment of 60 t/hm~2 biochar, the treatment of 135 and 180 kg/hm~2 polyacrylamide were improved by 86.4 %, 146.4 % and 186.4 % which was 11.52,15.23 and 17.70 g/kg, respectively. 【Conclusion】The application of biochar and polyacrylamide can improve the soil structure and the ability of purple soil to store water and maintain fertilizer. The most suitable biochar and polyacrylamide application rate were found to be 60 t/hm~2 and 135 kg/hm~2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to understand the demand characteristics of N,P,K and the fertilizer utilization rate of corn in Sichuan mountainous and hilly areas. [Method] The field experiments of farmers' habitual fertilization (Cl) and no-fertilization (CK) in mountainous and hilly areas of Sichuan province were conducted to study the N,P,K demand of maize in different periods during the whole growth period and the fertilizer utilization rate and nutrient harvest index under fertilization conditions. [Result] The N, P and K uptake in maize accounted for the whole growth period from sowing date to trefoil stage were 1.34%, 5.33% and 10.33% ;From trefoil stage to jointing stage:4. 54%, 30. 76% and 14.42% ;From jointing stage to heading stage: 29. 74%, 29. 48% and 29. 14% ; From heading stage to silking stage:25. 7%, — 1. 84% and 46.84% ;From silking stage to maturing stage:38. 69%, 36. 27% and —0.72% ;The nitrogen and phosphorus demand of maize in late growth stage was mainly grain, potassium was stem and grain; In Zhongjiang and Guangyuan experimental sites, the contribution rates of conventional fertilizer to maize yield were 27. 98% and 25. 09%, the harvest index ranges of N,P and K were 0.65 —0.67,0.64 — 0. 66 and 0.30 —0.33, and compared with no fertilization, fertilization promoted the transfer of photosynthate to grain, but did not reach the significant level. [Conclusion] There is poor coordination between fertilization and demand of maize in Sichuan area, low fertilizer utilization rate, which affects maize yield and quality. The fertilization methods or types need to be further improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to optimize pre-basic seed production and manipulate N nutrient management by aeroponics, effects of N levels on N, P and K uptake and distribution of potato during different growth stages were studied. [ Method] The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design of two factors with two potato cultivars of Chuanyul 17 and Mira by aeroponics. N levels were set at 5 levels of 120, 240, 360, 480 and 600 mg/L. In different growth stages, dry matter weight, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of different parts of plant were measured. Dry matter accumulation, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, uptake and distribution were analyzed. [Result] ( i) In the same N level, the dry matter accumulation of Mira was higher than that of Chuanyu 117 at the same grow period. The highest dry matter accumulations were achieved under the N level 240 mg/ L in the same growth stages with two cultivars. The dry matter accumulation of Chuanyu 117 and Mira was 2. 86 and 4. 23 g/plant in N Level 240 mg/L at 90 days after transplanting ( DAT) respectively. ( ii) The content of Nitrogen ( N), phosphorus ( P) and potassium ( K) in different organs increased as the nitrogen level increased at different growth stages with the two cultivars. The uptake and accumulation of N, P and K was higher under the N 240 mg/ L treatment than that of other N levels at 90 DAT, respectively, Chuanyul17 were 0. 306, 0. 070 and 0. 544 g!plant respectively; Mira were 0. 489, 0. 117 and 0. 899 g/plant. ( iii ) At the same growth periods, the distribution ratio of N, P and K in leave, stem and root under middle N levels was higher than that of low or high N levels, but the effect on tubers was contrary to the above. The distribution ratio of N, P and K in leave, stem and root was high at the early stage, and then N, P and K was transferred to tubers in the late growth stages. ( iv) The tuber number and weight per plant reached a maximum under the N level of 240 mg/ L with the two cultivars, respectively, was 24. 78 grain/plant, 53. 78 g/plant for Chuanyu 117, and 29. 31 grain/ plant, 82. 23 g/plant for Mira. [Conclusion ] Increasing nitrogen in an appropriate amount can promote the uptake and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plants, which is beneficial to the improvement of pre-basic seed production. Under the condition of low light intens ity ecology in Sichuan basin, we can obtain higher yield of potato pre-basic seeds under nitrogen level of 240 mg/L by aeroponics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective] The present paper aimed to reasonably use local agricultural climate resources and scientifically carry out maize planting. [ Method] According to climate data (1961 -2017) of 124 meteorological stations and long-term records (1981 - 2017) of maize phenology from 15 agricultural stations of Sichuan, the temporal and spatial distribution of light resources, temperature resources and precipitation during key maize phenological stages were analyzed in Sichuan Province. [Result] The total radiation during the whole growing period and different growth stages of maize both showed decreased trends. The higher radiation resources distributed to the southwestern of the basin and the southern of the Panxi agricultural area. The heat resources during maize growth period showed an increasing trend. Diurnal temperature range of Panxi agricultural area is obviously higher than the basin area. The reference evapotranspiration during each maize growth stages decreased. Water resources shortage occurred in most Panxi agricultural area and the old arid areas in the basin. [ Conclusion ] All regions should make rational use of light, temperature and water resources to provide scientific basis for relevant departments to formulate agricultural production measures and ensure the development of high yield and high quality of corn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to evaluate the potential of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) as forage grass and ecological engineering plant on paddy field ridges in southern China. [Method] The clover was planted on the ridge of paddy fields in Ilengnan, Ilunan province and Jiangyou, Sichuan province in the spring of 2015. Cabover-ground parts, mainly leaves and petioles, were harvested monthly from July of 2016 to June of 2017. Dry matter was weighted after desiccation in a stove at 105 °C for 15 minutes and 70 °C for 24 hours. Dry samples harvested in the same season were mixed after storing at -20 °C . The contents of crude protein, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of such mixed samples were then determined by the standard procedures. The antagonism experiment with Alternant her a philoxeroides was conducted by face-to-face cultivation in concreted circles located in a plastic greenhouse from July of 2017 to March of 2018. [Result] At the experiment site in Sichuan, the highest dry matter weight of the white clove was obtained at the first harvest and the dropped until January of 2017 and increase gradually till the end of the experiment. It dropped also in Ilunan after the first harvest but started to increase since August and reached the highest point in April of 2017. The contents of crude protein, nitrogen and phosphorus were the highest in the first quarter at both sites. The content of potassium was the highest in the third quarter at Jiangvou but in the second quarter at Ilengnan. In the antagonism experiment, the growth of A. philoxeroides under each treatment was obviously better than that of clover in the summer, but white clover grew significantly better than A. philoxeroides under each irrigation regime and dominated the community in terms of occupying area, fresh weight and dry weight. [Conclusion] White clover on paddy didges has shown strong regeneration ability both in Sichuan and Hunan and could be used as high-quality forage and green manure crop. It could strongly inhibit the growth of A. philoxeroides at low temperature and soil humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In conventional soil erosion evaluation, the calculation of slope length and steepness (LS) factor requires the relatively complicated extraction of slope grade and slope length, and there are certain thresholds due to the determination of slope length to the location. Slope Spectrum’s Information Entropy (SSIE) can comprehensively represent the characteristics of topographic relief, but it is not clear that how to apply for the prediction of soil erosion. This paper aims to explore the relationship between the SSIE and topographic factors, while the research area is taking the water erosion area of purple soil in southwest China, including the Qinba mountains region, Wuling mountain hilly area, and Sichuan and Chongqing mountainous region. The slope gradient, slope length, and hydrographic net were extracted using ArcGIS based on ASTER GDEM (30 m resolution). After the calculation, two relationships were established between the SSIE and LS factor, as well the SSIE and gully density based on 63 basins. The results showed that: 1) The whole region displayed the curves of slope spectrum in the shape of "L", "S" and approximate bell, while the different curves of slope spectrum were successively distributed in Sichuan and Chongqing mountainous region, Wuling mountain hilly area and Qinba mountains region. Meanwhile, the main peaks of slope spectrum curves were concentrated in 0°-3°,15°-18° and 24°-27°. 2) The mean of LS factor was 11.03, and the distribution range of LS factors was 0-5, 10-15 and greater than 20 in Qinba mountainous region and Wuling mountain hilly area. However, that in Sichuan and Chongqing mountainous region was mainly concentrated in 0-15, showing obvious north-south difference. 3) The gully density was 0.66km/km² at the regional scale, particularly 0.72 km/km² in Qinba mountains region, and 0.75 km/km² in Wuling mountain hilly area. In Sichuan and Chongqing mountainous region, the gully density reached the minimum, 0.57 km/km², lower than 17.39% mean value of the regional scale. The gully density ranged from 0.33 to 0.88 km/km² at the watershed scale. 4) The SSIE showed a logarithmic relationship with LS factor in the different scales, expressed as y=0.589 7lnx+1.201 (R²=0.949 4, P<0.01) in first zone, y=0.577 7lnx+1.200 3 (R2=0.960 3, P<0.01), y=0.749lnx+0.907 3 (R2=0.983 8，P<0.01), and y=1.3165x0.302 (R²=0.989 1，P<0.01) in Qinba mountains region, Wuling mountain hilly area, and Sichuan and Chongqing mountainous region, respectively. However, there were significant differences in the relationships between the SSIE and gully density in the various scales. The relationship between the SSIE and gully density was a polynomial function with low degree of correlation in first and other secondary zone, except for the highly correlated exponential function (y=1.3045e1.0452x(R²=0.7475，P<0.05)) in Sichuan and Chongqing mountainous region. The method can reduce the tedious calculation of LS factor and gully density, while the calculation of SSIE can make the evaluation of soil erosion easier and simpler than before. The findings can be expected to provide a scientific basis for the evaluation and prediction of soil erosion in purple soil and water erosion areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to prevent the severe corrosion damage ca used by direct contact between base material of the pipeline and conveying medium, internal coating is widely applied in the development of acidic gas wells in Sichuan Chongqing gas field. Factors such as corrosion characteristics of the conveying medium and high flow rate can impact on the internal wall coating of pipelines, and flow rate plays the most crucial role. In this paper, the erosion resistance and electrochemical corrosion resistance of three different inner coatings were tested under the set conditions. The outcome suggests that the corrosion resistance of the coating decreases with the increases of corrosive medium velocity under the condition of erosion. When the flow rate increases, the spectral radius of three coatings decrease, which indicates that the erosion resistance of coatings decreases with the increase of velocity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective (The present paper aimed to understand the distribution and infection of NycopZ+ma in yaks of Qinghai-Tibet plateau in China. % Method】 In this study, 959 yak serum samples (56 from Sichuan, 243 fromGansu, 436 fromTibet and 224 from Qing- hai) were collected fromQinghai-Tibet plateau and tested for rerumantibodies by ELISA. % Result】 The results showed that the positive rate of Mycoplasma bovis antil)〇dy in yak her(ds on Qinghai-Til)et plateau was 48.70 %. If the distribution of the antibody in Sichuan, Gansu, Tibet and Qinghai provinces was observed, the positive rate was 64. 29 53. 09 46.10 % and 45 . 09 %. I the infection age was con¬ sidered , the positive rate was 55.70 % for tliose under one year ol(d, 46.20 % for tliose aged 1 - 2, 45.23 % for tliose aged 3-6 years and 49. 70 % for those over six years old. The positive rate of male and female was 45. 71 % and 50. 24 % respectively. Chi-square test with SPSS21 . 0 software showed that there was no significant difference in the positive rate of serumantibodies between Sichuan and Gansu ( P> 0. 05), but significant difference between Sichuan and Qinghai and Tibet ( P<0. 05), but there was no significant difference among Gan¬su, Tibet and Qinghai ( P> 0. 05) ； there was no significant difference in the age of infection among the four provinces (regions . 05) ； the females of Sichuan，Gansu and Qinghai were higher than males. But there was no significant difference between Sichuan and Qinghai ( P > 0. 05 )， only Gansu ( P < 0. 05 )， while Tiljetan males were higher than females， but the difer- ence was not significant ( P > 0. 05 ).[Conclusion 】It shows that Mycplsma bo— is widespread and prevalent in Yak herds on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau in China，especially in Sichuan， Tibet and Qinghai provinces showing an obvious upward trend year by year [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective (The present paper aims to explore the effects of planting density on photosynthesis and yield of cucumber in the Si¬chuan Basin. ' Method】 Cucumber ‘ Chuanlv No. 11 ’ taken as material，five cultivation densities were set up. The chlorophyll content，leaf area，photosynthetic gas exchange parameters，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield indicators of different leaf positions of cucumber in different density were determined. ' Result】 The effect of planting density on the photosynthetic apparatus of different parts of cucumber was also different. The lowering of net photosynthetic rate of cucumber plants from bottom to top was caused by non-stomatal factors，non- stomatal and stomatal factors，and stomatal factors. There might be a photosynthetic compensation mechanism; As the density of cucumber decreased，the yield per plant increased gradually，but the yield per 667m2 gradually decreased. ' Conclusion】 The study reveals the effects of different cultivation densities on different leaf positions of cucumber and provides a theoretical basis for the selection of cucumber planting density in spring in Sichuan basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】Due to the large fragmentation of cultivated land in hilly regions, it is difficult to extract high-precision cultivated land information by medium-resolution remote sensing images. How to improve the classification accuracy of applying medium-resolution remote sensing images to extract cultivated land in hilly regions is an urgent problem to be solved. 【Method】Based on the difference of cultivated land and other landforms in time series of vegetation cover and the analysis of multi-temporal remote sensing images, this paper proposed a method of cultivated land extraction based on combining crop tillage rhythm and multi-temporal remote sensing images. 【Result】Using this method success extract the cultivated land in Huili, Sichuan, which showed that the method was suitable for extraction of cultivated land in hilly regions. 【Conclusion】This method has high extraction speed, and the result has certain current situation and high accuracy. It can meet the requirements for timely acquisition of cultivated land information in cultivated land use and management and can be applied to the correction of land parcels in historical farmland vector data, and to update the missing points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to evaluate the epidemic status of common pathogens large-scale pig farms in Sichuan.【Method】In this study, 283 samples(pathological tissues, boar semen, miscarriage and stillbirth) were collected and detected by bacterial isolation and identification, RT-PCR, PCR. 【Result】The positive rates of CSFV, PRRSV, PRRSV NADC30-Like, PCV2, PRV, APP, PM and SS2 in the pathological tissues samples of 106 pigs were 7.55 %(8/106),40.57 %(43/106), 20.75 %(22/106),34.91 %(37/106),16.04 %(17/106),9.43 %(10/106),19.81 %(21/106) and 4.72 %(5/106), respectively. Among the percentage of multiply infections was 60.49 %(49/81). The pathogens infection of PRRSV or PCV2 not only emerges in throughout the year but also occurs frequently with other pathogens infection and bacterial infection are most common in summer. The positive rates of CSFV, PRRSV, PCV2 and PRV in 68 boar semen samples were 10.29 %(7/68), 30.88 %(21/68), 20.59 %(14/68) and 20.59 %(14/68), respectively. Among the 38 positive samples, the percentage of single infections was 52.63 %(20/38). The positive rates of CSFV, PRRSV, PCV2 and PRV in 63 miscarriage and stillbirth samples were 6.35 %(4/63),46.03 %(29/63),38.10 %(24/63) and 30.16 %(19/63), respectively. The most common infection type was PRRSV with other pathogens infection and PRRSV was more common in throughout the year and the percentage of multiply infections was 74.50 %(38/51). The infections of PEDV and PoRV are common in spring, autumn and winter. The positive rate of PEDV and PORV were 56.52 %(26/46) and 26.09 %(12/46) in intestinal mucosa and feces of 46 diarrhea pig samples.【Conclusion】The Prevention and control of PRRSV, PCV2, PRV and PEDV were still key point in the future, meanwhile, the multiple pathogen infection and new variants PRRSV NADC30-Like is also difficult to prevent from large-scale pig farms in Sichuan area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the application effect of ’gather soil ridging + narrow strains with broad-rows’ cultivation mode in Sichuan Basin, and provide scientific guidance and theoretical basis for peach ochard establishment in Sichuan Basin and southern shallow hills in the future. 【Method】This study compared the effects of different cultivation modes on the growth, yield, quality and economic benefits of peach cultivars ’Xiahui No.6’. 【Result】The results showed that the diameter of trunks, main branches, lateral branchs, length of regenerated branches, number of roots less than 0.50 cm, chlorophyll content of leaves, fruit soluble solids and total sugar content and solid acid ratio, yield per plant for ’gather soil ridging + narrow strains with broad-rows’ were markedly higher than for the control group after planting 39 months; However, there was no significant difference in the appearance quality and output value of peach fruit per unit area under two different cultivation modes. 【Conclusion】’Gather soil ridging + narrow strains with broad-rows’ and combined with tree pruning can effectively extend canopy, improve plant light conditions, enhance the peach plant growth, improve the quality of the fruit flavor, which is a practical and efficient cultivation mode for southern peach orchard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aimed to study the effects of germination temperature on potato production and tuberization. [Method] At Jintang county of Sichuan, three germination temperature levels such as 1.5, 10-15 (room temperature) and 20°C, were used in this experiment before sowing. [Result] With the increasing of germination temperature, the germination speed of seed potato increased. At the end of germination, the bud diameter, bud length and bud number of treatment room temperature and 20°C were significantly higher than that of treatment 1.5°C,. During the sprouting period of seed tuber, ABA content was a decreasing trend, and the descending speed was faster with the increasing of germination temperature, but the content of IAA, CTK and GA increased totally during the sprouting period of seed tuber. After seedling, the higher germination temperature was, the more stem number was, and the lower stem diameter. At the early growth stage, the plant height increased with the increasing of germination temperature while at the later growth stage, the plant height was opposite. Compared with treatment 1.5°C , the fresh yield of treatment of room temperature and 20°C, was increased by 15. 3 % and 15. 6 % while the tu-ber number per plant of that was increased bv 18. 8 % and 23. 9 % , respectively. At the same lime, I lie proportion of tuber that≥90 g decreased, and the proportion of 30 -60 g tuber increased, but there was no significant effect on commodity potato rate. [Conclusion] Properly increasing the germination temperature of purple potato before sowing would improve the population number, increase tuber number and yield, and change the tuber size distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND:Under the background of coordinated development of resources, environment and economy, the development of green mining has become a national strategic focus and has been widely recognized. Environmental investigation and evaluation is one of the main content in investigation and assessment of large lithium metallic mineral bases in Sichuan Province, which will play an important role in solving the bottleneck problems, such as prospecting deployment and environmental protection in the ecologically fragile district of the Western Sichuan Plateau. OBJECTIVES:To put forward the green investigation method and to establish an index system of environmental evaluation and demonstration of typical mining areas. METHODS:Green investigation and environmental assessment were combined, an indicator framework in four levels was constructed, and the status quo and change information of the ecological environment through 3S technology were extracted. Based on three years of surface water, soil and other multi-environmental media field survey and analysis data, a mature evaluation method has been optimized, and a large-scale lithium resource base environment evaluation model based on support vector machine was established by using a more compatible and scalable Python language programming. RESULTS:Using this model, the current status of large-scale bases was divided into four categories:environmentally poor areas, general environmental areas, better environmental areas, and good environmental areas. The overall accuracy rate was 97.77%. CONCLUSIONS:The set of a targeted evaluation index system established and reported on in this paper effectively evaluates the environmental status of large-scale lithium resource bases in Western Sichuan, and realizes the visual level of ‘pixel-level’ environmental status of large-scale lithium resource bases through technological innovation. The method objectively reflects the development and environmental impacts of the Jiajika mining area and surrounding resources, and to a certain extent, can assist in regulating the management and decision-making of the development and utilization of large-scale mineral resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: How to achieve satisfactory reduction quickly, minimally invasively and effectively is difficult in the operation of irreducible intertrochanteric femoral fracture. Fracture classification helps to formulate a reasonable reduction plan before surgery, but a simple and feasible classification of irreducible intertrochanteric femoral fracture is still lacking currently. OBJECTIVE: To explore the classification and reduction strategy of irreducible intertrochanteric femoral fracture based on anatomy. METHODS: The clinical data of 531 patients with irreducible intertrochanteric fracture treated in Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital from June 2006 to May 2020 were analyzed retrospectively, including 187 males and 344 females, at the age of 60-101 years old. According to whether the greater trochanter/lesser trochanter was connected to the proximal end of the fracture, the irreducible intertrochanteric fractures were divided into type I (proximal free), type II (greater trochanter connected), type III (lesser trochanter connected), and type IV (both greater and lesser trochanters connected). Periosteum stripper, hemostatic forceps and/or bone hook were used to assist the reduction, and InterTan or proximal femoral nail anti-rotation was used for internal fixation. X-ray films were taken during postoperative follow-up to assess the quality of fracture reduction and fracture healing. At the last follow-up, the patient’s hip function recovery was assessed by Harris score. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Among the 531 cases of irreducible femoral intertrochanteric fractures, the types I, II, III, and IV were 357, 87, 13, and 74 cases respectively, and 489 cases (92.1%) achieved satisfactory reduction. (2) Of the 531 patients, 26 were lost to follow-up, and 23 died of pneumonia, heart failure and other causes before the fracture healing. 482 patients were followed up for more than one year, and all fractures healed with an average time of 4.7 months. (3) During the postoperative follow-up, there was no adverse event related to internal fixation materials. (4) At the last follow-up, the Harris score of 482 patients was 95.7±4.8, of which 433 cases (89.8%) had excellent evaluation results. (5) These results confirm that for irreducible intertrochanteric fractures, satisfactory reduction and hip joint function can be obtained by adopting our classification and reduction techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the remote sensing monitoring results of the monthly scale drought in Sichuan Province from July to August 2000-2015(Lu et al.(2017)), the multi-scale characteristics of drought are studied in such a complex topographical area in this paper. The multi-dimensional analysis of the monthly average drought conditions and its evolution trend are carried out based on two-dimensional wavelet analysis in different topographic and geomorphological areas. The wavelet square difference (WSD) is taken as an index, the larger the wavelet square difference is, the richer the structural information is in the study area at that scale, and the greater the intensity of drought effect is. Through the research, it is found that: 1) The WSD of average annual situation of drought conditions is reaching its maximum in the vertical direction (North-South direction), the second in the horizontal direction (West-East direction), and the smallest in the diagonal direction (Northwest-Southeast direction), reflecting the significant spatial differentiation of the drought along the vertical direction of the region. The dominant factor that leads to this phenomenon is the significant vertical gradient of the vegetations. 2) The number and scope of the dominant scales for the annual average drought conditions in different are different. There are 5 dominant scales in the Eastern Sichuan basin, and the scale of 5 040.75 km2 is the most topographic areas in the macro scales. The severe drought and extraordinarily drought grades are dominated by the meso scale at 187.34, 560.08 km2, which is mainly reflected in Chengdu Plain. For the plateau and basin transition zone, there are 3 dominant scales. The macro scale of 2 194.5 km2 is mainly characterized by moderate drought and has a significant vertical differentiation. The meso scales of 160.51 and 418 km2 correspond to severe or extraordinarily droughts, which are mainly reflected in the city and built-up area. For the western Sichuan plateau, there are 2 dominant scales. The macro scale of 9 487.5 km2 is prominently represented in the diagonal direction as the drought-free area where the evergreen coniferous forest and the mixed forest are interlaced in the central part of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. The meso scale of 637.82 km2 is prominent in the horizontal and vertical directions in area where grassland and mixed forest distributed along in the northwestern of the Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. 3) The number of dominant scales and the prominent scale characteristics of the drought and evolution trend are inconsistent in 3 major topographical and morphological areas. For the Eastern Sichuan Basin, there are 4 spatial scales in the drought aggravation trend area, and the mesoscale scale is dominant, while the drought mitigation trend area is dominated by the macro scale of 5 023.02 km2. For the plateau and basin transition areas, there are mainly 3 scales in drought-increasing trend areas. The dominant scale is also the meso scale, while the mitigation trend area is more prominent with 3 meso scales. There are 4 dominant scales in the drought-increasing trend area of the western Sichuan Plateau, which is dominated by the macro scale. While the drought mitigation trend area is dominated by the meso scale. 4) Although the dominant scales in the evolution trend of drought in different geomorphological areas are different, they have strong consistency in the causes of these scale characteristics, that is, the dominant scale areas of drought aggravation trend show a kind of vegetation decline, while the area of drought mitigation is presented as the increasing trend of precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the low accuracy of earthquake prediction caused by the lack of large earthquake data, this paper proposed an earthquake prediction method based on negative selection. In this method, it used the variable real valued negative selection algorithm to generate mature detectors which were used to predict whether an earthquake occured. Due to the absence of nonself data sets in the negative selection training, it could be reduced the impact of lacking large earthquake data on the training effect. It used the historical earthquake data of Sichuan province to predict whether the magnitude 5.0 and above earthquakes occurred in Sichuan within one month. Compared with the traditional machine learning algorithm, the results show that the negative selection has better prediction effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research on the accumulation of tight gas has attracted much attention in recent years, and whether natural gas can move in large volumes in a tight reservoir is one of research focuses. In this paper, from the perspective of natural gas geochemistry, the typical tight gas reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation in central Sichuan are studied to answer the question of whether natural gas can be transported in a large scale in tight reservoirs, using the natural gas component parameters. Horizontally, the Xujiahe Formation gas reservoirs are widely distributed intermittently, and vertically, multiple gas reservoirs are superimposed. Studies have shown that in the horizontal direction, there are significant differences in natural gas component parameters, and no horizontal migration of natural gas in the same layer between adjacent gas fields. Vertically, there are significant differences in the geochemical characteristics of natural gas between the upper and lower gas reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation. This difference does not meet the law of natural gas migration and fractionation, indicating that there has been no significant vertical migration of natural gas. In other words, the tight gas in the Xujiahe Formation is formed in situ or at close range, and has not undergone large-scale migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: How to achieve satisfactory reduction quickly, minimally invasively and effectively is difficult in the operation of irreducible intertrochanteric femoral fracture. Fracture classification helps to formulate a reasonable reduction plan before surgery, but a simple and feasible classification of irreducible intertrochanteric femoral fracture is still lacking currently. OBJECTIVE: To explore the classification and reduction strategy of irreducible intertrochanteric femoral fracture based on anatomy. METHODS: The clinical data of 531 patients with irreducible intertrochanteric fracture treated in Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital from June 2006 to May 2020 were analyzed retrospectively, including 187 males and 344 females, at the age of 60-101 years old. According to whether the greater trochanter/lesser trochanter was connected to the proximal end of the fracture, the irreducible intertrochanteric fractures were divided into type I (proximal free), type II (greater trochanter connected), type III (lesser trochanter connected), and type IV (both greater and lesser trochanters connected). Periosteum stripper, hemostatic forceps and/or bone hook were used to assist the reduction, and InterTan or proximal femoral nail anti-rotation was used for internal fixation. X-ray films were taken during postoperative follow-up to assess the quality of fracture reduction and fracture healing. At the last follow-up, the patient’s hip function recovery was assessed by Harris score. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Among the 531 cases of irreducible femoral intertrochanteric fractures, the types I, II, III, and IV were 357, 87, 13, and 74 cases respectively, and 489 cases (92.1%) achieved satisfactory reduction. (2) Of the 531 patients, 26 were lost to follow-up, and 23 died of pneumonia, heart failure and other causes before the fracture healing. 482 patients were followed up for more than one year, and all fractures healed with an average time of 4.7 months. (3) During the postoperative follow-up, there was no adverse event related to internal fixation materials. (4) At the last follow-up, the Harris score of 482 patients was 95.7±4.8, of which 433 cases (89.8%) had excellent evaluation results. (5) These results confirm that for irreducible intertrochanteric fractures, satisfactory reduction and hip joint function can be obtained by adopting our classification and reduction techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the construction of ethnic identities among the Ersu people, one of the minority groups of Ganluo and Yuexi counties in Sichuan province. In the 1980s, some Ersu intellectuals made a request to the Chinese state for the Ersu to be recognized as an autonomous minzu--Ersuzu or Ersu nationality. Meanwhile, some other members of the group insisted on being recognized as Zang, or Tibetan, nationality. That means there are two main factions among the Ersu: one faction wishes to identify themselves as Ersu and another faction prefer to be Zang or Tibetan. The Ersu faction wants to be classified as an autonomous minzu, while the Zang faction wants to identify themselves as a Tibetan sub-group. This paper examines the diverse views on choosing ethnic identities among Ersu people. It discusses how they choose and construct their ethnic identities. It also shows that the state plays a crucial role in the people's identity politics. Seeking the best economic and political advantages, as well as a better position in relations of power, Ersu people choose their ethnic identities rationally in diverse ways. At the same time, both factions agree that they belong to same group--Perzii-Ersu group, which can be understood as a Primordialis identity. This paper contributes to the ethnography of the Ersu as well as an understanding of state policy and ethnogenesis. It shows the relevance of rational choice theory in understanding choice of identity among an ethnic minority in China. It also shows the importance of cultural features or Primordialism in identity expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of temperature on corrosion behavior of VM110SS casing steel in sour environment was studied in high temperature and high pressure autoclave by simulating the downhole environment of a gas field in Sichuan. The partial pressure of CO2, partial pressure of H2S and total pressure are 0.54 MPa, 0.41 MPa and 18 MPa respectively. The test temperature is from 30 °C to 150 °C. The relation between temperature and corrosion rate of the VM110SS steel can be obtained. The compositions and appearance of corrosion products were analyzed by SEM and EDS. The results showed that the corrosion rate of VM110SS increased firstly then decreased with the increase of test temperature. The maximum value appeared at 90 °C. The corrosion rate in gas phase was 0.838 mm/a, and the corrosion rate in liquid phase was 1.130 mm/a, which showed a extremely severe corrosion. Uniform corrosion characteristic was presented to specimens at all test temperatures and corrosion product was composed mainly of iron sulfides. The paper provides theoretical basis for casing corrosion mechanism at different temperature and guidance for casing steel selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the plugging of natural gas hydrate in the development of Sichuan and Chongqing gas field in winter, PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company has carried on a lot of researches on the prevention and management technology of natural gas hydrate and gained some important research results and better prevention effects. Based on the present situation of the plugging of natural gas hydrate in Sichuan and Chongqing sour gas field in winter recently, this paper analyzed and summarized the main reasons of hydrate plugging, introduced there search and application development on the prevention of natural gas hydrate and management technology such as the prediction of natural gas hydrate formation in Sichuan and Chongqing oil and gas field, the development and field application of the kinetic hydrate inhibitors, and put forward the development direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzed production and consumption situation of fossil fuel in Sichuan province. It showed that fossil fuel in Sichuan suffered from insufficiency, low quality, difficult mining, contradiction between production -- consumption structure and energy storage structure, high intensity and low utilization in energy consumption and high carbon dioxide emission. Under the low -- carbon development with the consideration of economics and environment, the proposals for fossil fuel development in Sichuan province are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to prevent acid gas CO2 from corroding downhole strings of Xujiahe gas well in west Sichuan, corrosion inhibitor is regularly added to the gas well according to experience. For the purpose of establishing a more rational inhibitor dosing system, inhibitor concentration in produced fluid requires to be measured. In this paper, ultraviolet spectrophotometry was adapted to eliminate interference on the basis of analyzing interference factors of gas well produced fluid and standard curve of inhibitor concentration in produced fluid was established. In the case that inhibitor mass concentration range is 0 ~ 100mg/L, there exists a good linear relationship between inhibitor mass concentration and absorbance. The determination of aqueous solution of corrosion inhibitor prepared for gas well produced water shows that measurement tolerance is less than 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social cognition of rural youth is the foundation of the development of the new socialist countryside. Through the results of a survey, this paper analyses the social cognitive characteristics of Sichuan rural youth in terms of policy cognition, social anticipation, social sentiment, and so forth. The authors raise some key issues related to this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed at the application situation of light hydrocarbon plant of northwestern Sichuan Gas District of PetoChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, this paper deeply analyzed the factors affecting the light hydrocarbon yield. hen, a series of reform measures to improve the light hydrocarbon yield were proposed, which included expander amelioration, expansion rate adjustment, pressure of the seal gas control and opening degree of nozzle adjustment. The result showed hat the obvious effect can be obtained after taking above measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]