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Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune hair loss disease. Under the guidance of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation theory and combined with collateral disease theory, this article summarized the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, treatment principles, treatment methods, and prescriptions of AA by stages. In this article, three new etiology and pathogenesis have been summarized as the pathogenic Qi invades the collaterals, the stagnation of Qi and blood in the collaterals, and the deficiency of the collaterals. The treatment principle of AA is mainly refined into three stages, which include clearing heat, removing dampness, and harmonizing the collaterals for the initial stage; invigorating Qi, cultivating blood, and dredging collaterals for the middle stage; supplementing the liver, nourishing the kidney and enrich the collaterals for the terminal stage. The main ways of treatment include oral and external application of Chinese medicine and TCM external therapy. (斑秃是一种常见自身免疫性脱发。在中医辨证理论指导下, 结合络病学理论, 本文探讨斑秃各期的病因病机、临床特点及治则治法方药等。斑秃的病机可总结为盛邪袭络、气血凝络、络脉亏虚, 治疗原则以初期清热除湿和络、中期益气养血通络、末期养肝益肾补络为主, 采用中药口服、外用及中医外治手法进行治疗。)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to examine the regulatory effects and thresholds of different land uses on runoff variations in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, which is crucial for flood control and the high-quality development of the watershed. [Methods] Focusing specifically on the Dali River Basin, the characteristics of land use changes over the past 20 years were analyzed, and the impact of these changes on the annual distribution of runoff was quantitatively assessed by using a monthly scale SWAT model of the basin. Four extreme land use scenarios were set to study the impact of different land use types on flood season runoff. Additionally, 12 different land use coverage scenarios were used to determine the critical coverage of land use that affected watershed runoff. [Results] The predominant land use modes in the Dali River Basin included arable land, grassland, and forest land. Grassland and forestland exhibited an inhibitory effect on runoff, while arable land promoted runoff. The impact coefficients for these land use types were-0.1252,-0.130 1, and 0.122 3, respectively. Land use had a certain regulatory effect on the annual distribution of runoff. However, this effect was not significant when land use changes were small. [Conclusion] Notably, land use coverage demonstrates a significant marginal effect, with a lower critical value of approximately 5% for grasslands and an upper critical value of 95%, as well as an upper critical value of 91% for forests. These findings can provide valuable insights for soil and water conservation efforts, flood control initiatives, and the high-quality development of the watershed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Aero Weaponry is the property of Aero Weaponry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Water Conservancy & Electric Power Technology & Application is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on the field trips, this paper conducts a comparative study on the competitiveness of major industries in the planting industry in Zhenyuan County. The paper builds an index system for industrial competitiveness evaluation through Analytic Hierarchy Process. An overall score and ranking of the competitiveness of the planting industry are produced based on Delphi method assignment and matrix calculation, which provides a strategy for the agricultural sector to select leading industries that can be guided and supported in the future, as well as puts forward suggestions for the development of local agricultural industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Geology & Exploration is the property of Xian Research Institute of China Coal Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Plastics / Zhongguo Suliao is the property of Journal Office of CHINA PLASTICS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Machine Tool & Hydraulics is the property of Guangzhou Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (GMERI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The construction of high-standard warping dam is one of the main measures to achieve the national strategic goals of ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, which will play a greater role in promoting the high-quality development of water and soil conservation and regional economic and social development. Based on the goals and requirements of high-quality warping dam construction, this paper analyzed the historical process of warping dam construction and technical standard development in the Yellow River Basin, discussed the definition and connotation of high-standard warping dam, put forward scientific issues and key technologies that need to be studied, and looked forward to the development prospect of high-standard warping dam. The warping dam in the Yellow River Basin has gone through a development process of more than 450 years in six stages, and the high-standard warping dam marks that the construction of warping dam has entered into a new period from “quantity”development changed to “quality”promotisn. The technical standards of warping dams have undergone a development process from the formation in the mid-80s of the 20th century to continuous improvement and revision along with the level of science and technology and practical experience in different periods. Compared with ordinary warping dams, high-standard warping dams have special essential characteristics, value and richer connotation and extension. The status and driving mechanism of high-standard warping dams in the comprehensive benefit chain and the technical standards of high-standard warping dam construction are topics that need to be studied in the future. The construction of high-standard warping dams will surely promote the high-quality development of soil and water conservation, and play a greater role in the coordinated development of multiple elements such as regional ecological governance, derivative economy, social culture, and landscape pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China University of Petroleum is the property of China University of Petroleum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Packaging & Food Machinery is the property of Packaging & Food Machinery Magazine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China University of Petroleum is the property of China University of Petroleum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rainstorm has been one of the key factors causing runoff and soil erosion in the Yellow River Basin of China. The check dam can serve as one of the most important engineering measures for soil and water conservation during soil erosion control in the Loess Plateau. However, the check damn has posed a great impact on the formation, evolution, and development of the rainstorm runoff process via the changing runoff, erosion dynamics, and energy distribution in the watershed. Therefore, it is crucial to reveal the various elements nexus in the erosion system of the watershed, in order to explore the disaster mechanism of rainstorm runoff under the action of soil and water conservation measures. This study aims to quantitatively reveal the influence of the check dam configuration on the formation and rainstorm runoff evolution in small watersheds of loess hilly regions. An indoor experiment of artificial simulated rainfall was carried out to analyze the hydrodynamics and erosion dynamic characteristics of runoff at different sections in small watersheds with the different measures (no dam, single, and double dam) and the rainfall intensity as 60 mm/h, according to scale relationship. The results showed that: 1) The sediment concentration of runoff increased significantly, as the time and erosion increased the most in the case of a no-check dam. The maximum increase of erosion (runoff) was more than 114.60 cm³/s (only 70.11 cm³/s) in the case of no (double) dam. The sediment concentration values under the No. 1 single dam, No. 2 single and double dam were reduced by 0.14, 0.14, and 0.19 g/cm³, respectively, compared with that without the dam. 2) The check dams posed a significant impact on the evolution process of rainstorms and runoff in small watersheds. The double dam was the most effective to restrain the increase of velocity, while the limited control effect, compared with the single dam. The check dam had also a great influence on the runoff flow state, where the increasing resistance coefficient determined the runoff flow and sediment transport capacity. There was a time-delayed runoff from the laminar to a turbulent state, which increased the stability of flow state change. The runoff state started to change in 10-15 min without the dam, but without change in the check dam until 50 min later. 3) The check dam reduced the runoff power and runoff erosion power, further delaying the growth trend of runoff erosion power. The runoff power under the no-dam scenario was 1.42-2.45 (1.59-2.64) times that under the No.1 (double) dam scenario. More importantly, the flow pattern changed from the turbulent to laminar slow flow, where the Reynolds number decreased 12.04%-85.85% after the construction of the check dam. 4) The runoff process depended mainly on the runoff power, Reynolds number, runoff erosion power, and average velocity in small watersheds. The dominant parameters were ranked in the descending order of the runoff power, Reynolds number, runoff erosion power, and average velocity. The erosion dynamic parameters also posed a much greater impact on the evolution of runoff than the hydrodynamic force parameters. Consequently, the runoff power and Reynolds number can be expected to serve as the dynamic factors for the erosion sediment yield under different siltation dam configurations. The findings can offer practical implications for the pregnant environment and the disaster mechanism of rainstorms and runoff in the basin. A theoretical basis can also be used to evaluate the effect of soil and water conservation engineering measures on the regulation of the runoff process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Management / Gongcheng Guanli Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China University of Petroleum is the property of China University of Petroleum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)