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A new method was proposed for point-of-care testing (POCT) of immunosuppressants in blood using thin-layer paper spray ionization and a miniature mass spectrometer. The aluminum thin-layer plate was used as paper spray substrate, and cut into an equilateral triangle. Aliquots of 10 μL blood sample were loaded on the aluminum thin-layer plate, and then 20 μL methanol was dropped as elution/spray solvent. The tip of the triangular plate was placed 1.0 cm in front of the discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface (DAPI) of the miniature mass spectrometer. When the spray voltage was applied, the sample was eluted from the triangular plate and formed paper spray ionization at the tip. Coupled with the miniature mass spectrometer, five immunosuppressants were detected under negative ion mode. The precursor ions ［M-H］- of tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, ciclosporin A, and mycophenolic acid are m/z 802.6, 912.6, 957.1, 1 200.8, 319.1, and product ions are m/z 560.2 and 604.3, m/z 590.3 and 321.2, m/z 590.3 and 365.2, m/z 1 088.8, m/z 287.4 and 275.1, respectively. Based on the observed signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the most intense tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragment peaks and using the S/N=3 and 10 as the criteria, the limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) are estimated to be 0.5-5 mg/L and 1-10 mg/L, respectively. The internal standard method was used for quantitative analysis, and indapamide was used as the internal standard compound. Sufficient linearity for each analyte is obtained with the correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.99. The proposed method displays good recoveries in the range of 91.0%-114.3% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 8.4%. Moreover, the developed method was used for the analysis of blood samples, which spiked with tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, cyclosporine A and mycophenolic acid at the concentration of 100 mg/L. The analytical results demonstrated the consistency between the proposed method and the traditional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. The entire analysis procedure can be completed within 1 min. The proposed method is simple, fast, accurate, efficient, and suitable for POCT of immunosuppressants in blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examined the effects of cationic starch（CS） as a reinforcing agent and a binary reinforcement system with nanocellulose（NC） on the reinforcement of recycled paper produced from old corrugated cartons（OCC）. To determine an appropriate dosage of CS, we examined the effects of CS dosage on the performance of OCC recycled paper. Further, using the optimal dosage identified, the effects of its addition on the performance of OCC recycled paper were investigated by adding NC to form a binary reinforcement system. The strengthening mechanism of the CS-NC binary composite system was examined based on a combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）, field emission scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and thermogravimetric（TG） analyses. The results revealed that CS（1.5%） had the best enhancement effect on OCC recycled paper, with burst, tensile, and tear strengths of hand sheets being increased by 17.62%, 18.18%, and 22.93%, respectively, and air permeability being decreased by 28.55%, compared with the control group. Furthermore, we found that combined treatments with 1.5% CS and NC all enhanced the performance of OCC, with optimal effects being observed when NC was added at a 1% concentration. Compared with the improvements obtained with the sole addition of 1.5% CS, the combined treatment was found to increase the burst, tensile, and tear strengths of OCC recycled paper by a further 5.11%, 11.54%, and 13.46%, respectively, and reduced air permeability by 12.58%. The findings of FTIR analysis revealed that CS can bind to pulp fibers, and that the addition of NC increases the number of hydrogen bonds, thereby facilitating a tighter bonding between fibers. Moreover, SEM observations of the microscopic morphology of the surface of recycled paper indicated that the CS-NC binary system can contribute to a more compact and tighter inter-fiber bonding. In addition, the TG analysis results revealed that by enhancing fiber cross-linking, the CS-NC treatment could increase thermal degradation of the remaining residue of OCC recycled paper to up to 600°C. Our findings in this study indicate that treatment with a combination of CS and NC can significantly enhance the performance of OCC recycled paper. We believe that our results would provide a valuable reference for the repeated recycling of OCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] Interdisciplinary research can creatively solve complex problems in natural environment and human society through knowledge integration and penetration. With the increase of interdisciplinary research results, the evaluation of interdisciplinarity becomes increasingly necessary. How to establish an effective method for interdisciplinarity measurement and achieve a comprehensive measurement of scientific research papers is an urgent problem to be solved. [Method/Process] Based on the above background, this study takes the data of scientific research papers as the analysis source, deconstructs the interdisciplinarity of scientific research papers from multiple dimensions, constructs the feature set of interdisciplinarity of scientific research papers, and on this basis proposes the method for measuring interdisciplinarity based on the adaptive method of machine learning, and conducts a comprehensive measurement of interdisciplinarity. This study has certain positive significance for researchers to understand the interdisciplinary papers in the field. The work process is as follows: First of all, the basic concepts of interdisciplinarity are sorted out and related concepts are discriminated, and the index of interdisciplinarity of different dimensions is analyzed. Based on the connotation and characteristics of interdisciplinary research, the characteristic index of interdisciplinarity of scientific research papers is extracted from three dimensions: subject attribute, knowledge network topology and knowledge integration text content. Secondly, an interdisciplinarity measurement method based on machine learning is constructed. By analyzing information gain and feature similarity of input indexes and data in feature sets, a feature selection calculation method based on adaptive feature selection is proposed, and the accuracy of feature classification is maximized by machine learning classifier. At the same time, the feature subset that can best express the interdisciplinary is selected based on the adaptive selection of the minimum number of features, and the selected adaptive feature set is used in the calculation of the interdisciplinary of the paper, and the results of the calculation of the original feature set are analyzed comprehensively. Finally, an empirical study was carried out in the field of plant nanobiotechnology to verify the effectiveness of the index system and adaptive feature selection listed above, identify and screen papers with high interdisciplinarity in the field, measure the interdisciplinarity of papers and identify key influencing factors based on the calculation of subject attributes, knowledge network topology and knowledge integration text content features. [Results/Conclusions] The main empirical results show that, among the subject attributes, the balance degree and the difference degree have a greater effect on the interdisciplinary evaluation. The overall effect of knowledge network topology structure features is satisfactory, the distribution breadth of knowledge integration text content features has a greater effect on interdisciplinary evaluation, and the calculation effect is further improved by fitness weighted summation of each feature. The results demonstrate that the adaptive feature selection proposed in this paper can effectively screen the interdisciplinary related feature indexes, improve the reliability of the results, and achieve a comprehensive and in-depth measurement of the interdisciplinary of scientific research papers. This measure method avoids the subjective defects that may occur in qualitative evaluation and the problems that different measure indicators may produce contradictory results. It provides a new idea and direction for interdisciplinary measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] Since the outbreak of COVID-19, there has been a rapid increase in the number of studies related to COVID-19 at home and abroad. Review of relevant literature on COVID-19 provides data resources for related research on the emergence and transmission mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. However, the current COVID-19 related dataset is a collection of the literature, without classifying the data for each subfield, and the coarse-grained information such as the title and author fails to provide an in-depth understanding of the progress of COVID-19 research. Therefore, this paper created a dataset for the COVID-19 sub-domain and a fine-grained entity dataset. [Method/Process] Firstly, this paper proposed a literature screening method based on active learning model, which can obtain more valuable marker samples with less labor cost, so that the classifier has better generalization performance. We considered three base classifiers: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), and Random Forest (RF), while considering four query strategies: uncertainty sampling, expected error reduction, committee-based query, and random sampling. Taking the origin of SARS-CoV-2, one of the sub-fields related to SARS-CoV-2, as an example, articles related to the origin of SARS-CoV-2 were efficiently and accurately located from the literature. At the same time, this paper designed a labeling scheme covering 18 types of entities, including not only genes, proteins, compounds and other entities that are universal in the biological field, but also corona viruses and wild animals that are unique to the field of SARS-CoV-2. In this paper, visual annotation tool BRAT was used for entity annotation. The tagging team consisted of an administrator and six annotators, and the entity tagging consisted of two rounds. What's more, multi-k consistency index was used to calculate the consistency score of annotation results. [Results/Conclusions] The results of the active learning model show that the uncertain sampling query strategy has the best performance. SVM, LR and RF based on uncertain sampling can correctly screen 425, 465 and 489 articles, respectively. After the removal of overlapping articles, a dataset related to the origin of SARS-CoV-2 was constructed, containing a total of 885 articles. Secondly, based on the proposed entity labeling scheme, 6 annotators completed 99 papers. Based on the results of fine marking, this paper constructed an entity dataset containing 39,118 entities, which is the largest and most comprehensive entity corpus in the field of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] This paper investigates the research on author name disambiguation published in recent years, and reviews the development context of relevant research from the perspective of the impact of data on author name disambiguation methods, so as to provide reference for further research. [Method/Process] The papers related to author name disambiguation were collected from English research databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Academic, ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Springer Link, and Chinese research databases such as CNKI, CQVIP and WANFANG. The search results cover the relevant papers published from 1998 to 2021. On the premise of giving consideration to authority, influence and novelty, 46 publicationswere selected for review. There are many types and structures of author name disambiguation data. For example, literature feature information is generally presented in unstructured text, and the extracted features can be stored and represented in two-dimensional tables; Citation information and interpersonal relationship are network relational data, which can be stored and represented by graphs, key value pairs or two-dimensional tables. The fundamental reason for different data structures lies in their semantic differences, but the data structure itself determines its applicable algorithm. According to the structure of characteristic data used in the author name disambiguation task and the different corresponding data processing algorithms, the relevant research is divided into three categories: 1) disambiguation method based on literature characteristics, 2) disambiguation method based on social network and 3) disambiguation method by integrating external knowledge. The impact of data on the author name disambiguation method is examined from the data level. [Results/Conclusions] The analysis found that with the progress of technology, deep learning methods have been widely used. Compared with the improvement of the model, the feature learning and representation based on deep learning can significantly improve the effect of the author name disambiguation algorithm. In addition, in order to overcome the problem of insufficient data utilization by a single method and improve the utilization efficiency of data, the three methods show the trend of mutual combination and complementary gain. From the literature research results, there are few related studies on incremental author name disambiguation and multi-language author name disambiguation, which could be one of the directions for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the soil hydraulic characteristics across a wide range of suctions (0-10 MPa) of Benggang soil, the soil water holding capacities of different soil layers in Benggang was determined using the pressure film meter and the filter paper methods. Traditional and modified Van Genuchten-Mualem (VG) models were used to fit the soil moisture characteristics curves. The results showed that the water-holding curves determined by the pressure film meter and filter paper methods intersected and tended to overlap. This observation suggested combining the two measurement methods to obtain soil moisture characteristic curves over a wide suction range. Further, within the wide suction range, the water-holding capacity of the sandy soil layer was higher than that of the red and detritus soil layers in the low suction stage (h<0.1 MPa). However, in the high suction stage (h>0.1 MPa), the red soil layer had the highest water-holding capacity. Both the traditional and modified VG models were able to fit the soil moisture characteristics of each soil layer of the Benggang wall with a root mean square error of less than 0.021 5. The Nash efficiency and correlation coefficients were greater than 0.926 6 and 0.899 1, respectively. Noticeably, the modified VG model was more suitable for describing the soil moisture characteristic curves of the Benggang wall across a wide suction range. The residual values of the soil moisture characteristic curves for the red, sandy, and detritus layers were 378 kPa (corresponding to a water content of 18.82%), 173 kPa (corresponding to a water content of 18.95%), and 92 kPa (corresponding to a water content of 18.41%), respectively. Finally, the form of the segmental function (with the residual value as the inflection point) was more suitable for describing the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity over a wide suction range of Benggang soils than the conventional VG model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposal of a national strategy for the "New Western Land Sea Corridor" will affect the reconstruction of the overall freight distribution pattern in western China. As the most important hub node for cargo distribution and transshipment in inland areas, the inland port (or dry port) is of great significance to regional economic development, logistics systems, and the construction of a new regional development pattern. Therefore, 111 papers on inland port research in international core journals have been selected in this study to systematically review the research status of inland ports and put forward the key directions and development trends for future research to serve the theoretical research and construction planning practice of inland ports in China, and globally. In this study, the literature metrology method is adopted to divide inland port research and development into three stages: the first stage is the initial stage (before 2005); the second stage is the slow fluctuating growth stage (2006-2017); the third stage is the rapid increase stage (2018-present). Scholars are interested in inland port research mainly from mainland China, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, the United States, and other countries (regions). Related research topics on inland ports are mostly combined with transportation, logistics, and other fields, which indicates that inland ports have become an important part of transportation systems and supply chain transportation networks. Among specific related research topics, the concept of inland ports is an important research topic, mainly focusing on the differences in naming and function, facilities of inland ports under different geographical backgrounds, and additional functions extended with economic development; however, its concept has not yet been unified. Research on the spatial layout system of inland ports shows that the inland port site selection and layout can be roughly summed up as a supply chain-oriented pattern, and industrial cluster-oriented pattern; the former often near port cargo distribution of traffic nodes, while the latter is on the border between the end of the supply chain. The location and layout of inland ports are influenced by economic foundation, transportation infrastructure, and local policy factors. Inland ports have a profound impact on the region. In terms of spatial effects, they have an impact on urban spatial planning and land use; in terms of economic effects, they can promote regional economic development and employment; in terms of environmental effects, they can reduce energy consumption and emissions, and promote the realization of regional sustainable development. In the operation and control of inland ports, special attention should be paid to the relationship between port planning and each manager, as well as to the management system, to realize the efficient, sustainable, and healthy development of inland ports. Finally, based on the new trends of global inland port logistics research and the realistic demand of China, we put forward several suggestions for future research, including the redefinition of dry ports, spatial layout and planning of inland ports, their regional influence, the port-city relationship, risk of investment, and potential benefits of inland ports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] Science funding provides financial support for academic institutions, researchers and research projects, and at the same time plays a guiding role in the development of scientific innovation. The research of funded papers contributes to the development of the discipline and is of great significance to the encouragement and support of researchers. [Method/Process] Based on the funded papers published in Chinese journals and foreign journals in the field of library and information science (LIS) during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, this paper analyzes from the perspectives of the time distribution of papers issued, research output of difierent types foundations and the research topics. [Results/Conclusions] The number of fiinded papers published in Chinese journals in LIS from 2016 to 2020 has decreased year by year, but the number of fiinded papers published in foreign journals has slowly increased year by year; for funded papers published in Chinese journal during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, provincial (municipal) foundations funded papers are more outstanding, and National Natural Science Foundation funded papers are more notable for the number and effects of the funded papers in foreign journals; the fiinded papers in Chinese journals show a great impact on library sendees, changes and data, digital resource construction and university libraries; while fiinded papers in foreign journals pay more attention to social media, theme models, scientometrics and library construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used bibliometrics to analyze the characteristics of funded papers in the social sciences in Taiwan from 2015 to 2019, including the number of funded papers, funded paper ratio, document types, fields, type of publishing organizations, journal impact, and paper citation impact. The results indicate that the number of funded papers and the funded paper ratio of SSCI papers from Taiwan have both increased. In addition to articles and reviews, conference papers are a major type of funded paper for local SSCI papers. In terms of fields, the nontraditional social sciences, such as environmental sciences, psychiatry, and public/environmental & occupational health, have a particularly high funded paper ratio. However, the number of funded papers and funded paper ratio is the highest in the field of education & educational research. The fields of economics, management, and business have a large number of funded papers but a low funded paper ratio. Universities are the main funded institutions, but hospitals have the highest funded paper ratio. Funded papers tend to have higher paper citation impacts. Therefore, funding positively affects the productivity and impact of SSCI papers from Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, tunicate cellulose nanocrystals(tCNC) were investigated as a filler added to bleached kraft pulp. First, tCNC were prepared through bleaching and acid hydrolysis. The structure, morphology, crystallinity, and particle size and zeta potential of the tCNC were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and a malvern particle sizer, respectively. Second, kraft pulp with a consistency of 10% was refined to 42 °SR through a PFI refiner. Then 60 g·m-2 handsheets were prepared from this pulp. Prior to preparing the handsheets, tunicate nanocellulose was thoroughly mixed into the pulp at four gradients:0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%, and 1.5%. Cationic polyacrylamides(CPAM) were added to the pulp slurry as a retention agent. A control experiment was set up accordingly. The effects of tCNC addition on the tearing, tensile, burst, air permeability, and optical properties of the handsheets were evaluated. The results indicated that the maximum increase in the tear index was 12.00% when tCNC was added 0.6%. The tensile index reached its maximum value when tCNC was added at 0.6%, with an increase of 12.04% compared to pure pulp sheets. The tensile index increased by 16.55%. In this experiment, nanocellulose prepared from a mantle sea animal was used for the first time as reinforcing filler in papermaking, which has greatly extended the application of tCNC in the enhancement of paper strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco smoke contains a large number of harmful substances and has been widely proved to be able to induce a variety of human diseases. Human eyes are exposed to ambient air for a long time in daily life and are susceptible to air pollutants such as tobacco smoke in the air. Therefore, direct monitoring of characteristic components of tobacco smoke in human tears is expected to efficiently assess the exposure level of tobacco smoke to human eyes. Due to human tears at the microliter level, conventional sample collection and chemical analysis methods are a challenging task. Mass spectrometry (MS) has the unique advantages of high sensitivity, specificity and speed, especially, the development of ambient MS with solid substrates has greatly facilitated direct sample analysis with little or no sample pretreatment. Schirmer paper strip is clinically used for sampling of human tears, which is safe, non-invasive, and can be used for measuring the volume of tears. In this study, a small Schirmer paper strip was further prepared for noninvasive microsampling of human tears which exposed to tobacco smoke, and high voltage and an organic solvent were applied onto Schirmer paper to directly generate paper spray ionization for ambient MS analysis. The good analytical performances, including sensitivity (LOD: 0.1 μg/L, S/N≥3; LOQ: 1.0 μg/L, S/N≥10), precision (RSD: 4.89%-7.61%, n=5, with internal standard), recovery (98%-102.1%, n=5), and linear range (0.5-50 μg/L, R2=0.991 8) were achieved. Monitoring nicotine in human tears under different exposure times was also investigated, showing that the concentration of nicotine will the increase with increasing the exposure time ranging from 0 to 8 min. The nicotine can research to be 45 μg/L after burning a cigarette (about 8 min). The retention time of nicotine in human tears was found to be about 20 min (less than 5%), and the half-life time is about 4 min. Overall, our results show that Schirmer paper spray mass spectrometry could be used for qualitative and quantitative detection of trace environmental exposures such as nicotine in human eyes with many advantages, including safe, noninvasive, easy-to-operation, low-consumption as low as 1.0 μL, and thus has potential for many applications in environmental exposure and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinones in PM2.5 are harmful substances that can damage body's immune system by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are mainly produced by the incomplete combustion of fuels such as petroleum, coal, wood and cigarettes. Meanwhile, the gas-phase reaction between poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxidative substances including ozone and radical species will result in the secondary formation of quinones. Rapid determination of quinones in PM2.5 is the basis for the health risk assessment and atmospheric environment quality control. However, the traditional methods for determining quinones in the atmosphere are time-consuming and labor-intensive, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Here, paper spray mass spectrometry was introduced for the rapid determination of quinones in PM2.5, which was an ambient ionization technique developed in 2010. The ionization efficiency of quinones in paper spray is low for their weak polarity and low proton affinity. To improve their ionization efficiency, an amino group was introduced into the quinone structures through the derivatization reaction between thiol reagents and quinones. The reaction conditions, including the type of derivatization reagent (glutathione, cysteine and cysteamine), spray voltage (3-5 kV), and spray solvent composition (acetonitrile, acetonitrile-alcohol (1∶1, V/V), acetonitrile-methanol (1∶1, V/V), acetonitrile-ethyl acetate (1∶1, V/V), were optimized. The results showed that the best performances were achieved with cysteamine as the thiol reagent, 5 kV as the spray voltage, and acetonitrile as the spray solvent. Under the optimal conditions, the analysis performances of the derivative-based paper spray for the determination of four quinones (1,4-benzoquinone, methyl-p-benzoquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone and 1,4-anthraquinone) were characterized. With BQ-D4 and 1,4-NQ-D6 as internal standards (IS), it showed good linearity for 1,4-benzoquinone (IS, BQ-D4), methyl-p-benzoquinone (IS, BQ-D4), 1,4-naphthoquinone (IS, 1,4-NQ-D6) and 1,4-anthraquinone (IS, 1,4-NQ-D6) analysis with correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.990, 0.993, 0.992, 0.990, respectively. Based on three times of the standard deviation of 11 blank values (3×δblank/k, k is the slope of the linear equation), the limits of detection (LODs) of BQ, MBQ, NQ and AQ were 4.49, 20.89, 0.13 and 0.17 ng, respectively. In addition, good qualitative and quantitative results were obtained for the analysis of 1,4-naphthoquinone and 1,4-anthraquinone in PM2.5. This work provides a rapid, simple, low-cost and environment-friendly method for the quality control of quinones in PM2.5. However, the repeatability and quantitative ability of the derivative-based paper spray mass spectrometry should be further improved in the future, such as by the means of modifying the chromatographic paper with nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] "The Belt and Road" is an initiative proposed by China in recent years to cooperate and develop a community with a shared future for mankind, which has been continuously highly concerned by all circles at home and abroad. From the perspective of the citation of highly cited papers, the academic exchange of countries along the Belt and Road initiative cam provide a quantitative reference for future international academic and technological exchanges, collaborative innovation and development. [Method/Process] Based on the highly cited papers among the countries along the "The Belt and Road" in the WoS database from 2013 to 2018, this paper constructed a reference matrix and analyzed the network structure, and drew a national citation network map for cluster division. Furthermore, it explored the current state of academic exchange along the "The Belt and Road" and the direction of Chinese academic output, and further analyzed the correlation between Chinese academic exchanges and trade cooperation with other 64 countries along the route. [Results/Conclusions] The research results show that the countries along "The Belt and Road" have close academic exchange and obvious "small world" characteristics. China is the core of academic exchange and the highly cited papers in many research directions in China are cited by many countries along "The Belt and Road". Besides, academic exchange and trade cooperation between China and countries along "The Belt and Road" are strongly related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper spray mass spectrometry has received considerable attentions in recent years due to its simple operation, low cost and without tedious sample pretreatment prior to analysis. However, paper spray ionization (PSI) as a type of electrospray-based ionization source, there are few reports on exploring the ionization performance differences between it and two frequently used electrospray ionization (ESI) and nanoelectrospray ionization (nanoESI). Herein the ionization performance of above three ionization sources was compared systematically by using gasolines, myoglobin, cytochrome c and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) as samples. According to the obtained results, the ionization performance demonstrated the following trend: PSI

Traditional ion sources generally require complex sample pre-processing for the analytes, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and cannot meet the requirements of rapid on-site detection, this problem greatly restricts the scope of application of the mass spectrometer. Atmospheric pressure ion source is a new type of ionization technology which has emerged in the last ten years, and it is also one of the hotspots in the application of mass spectrometry technology in life sciences, environmental protection, medicine and health, food safety and other fields. With the wider application of mass spectrometry technology, direct and rapid analysis of the composition and content of complex system has become more and more important. Based on the developed miniaturized ion trap mass spectrometer and electric-filter paper spray ion source, this paper conducted in-depth experimental research on their analytical performance and application. With the aim of improving the signal intensity and detection sensitivity of the mass spectra, the aperture of the filter paper, the angle between the tip of the ion source and the horizontal plane, the distance between the ion source and the mass spectrometry injection capillary, and the material of the metal funnel were systematically optimized. The experimental results showed that when the filter paper with a pore size of 20-25 μm, the angle between the ion source tip and the horizontal plane is 15°-60°, and the distance between the ion source and the mass spectrometry injection capillary is 7.5 mm, the signal intensity is the highest, the used different metal materials have little effect on the signal intensity of the ion source. Under the optimized experimental conditions, standard samples of sucrose, kemptide, vitamin B2, rocuronium, arginine and fentanyl were tested, which greatly expanded the application range of the ion source. Analysis and detection of ammonia plus Huangmin capsules could quickly obtain the molecular ion peak of paracetamol (m/z 152), and the malachite green (m/z 329) molecular ion peak could be quickly detected in the living fish. In summary, the electric-filter paper spray ion source can realize rapid real-time detection and analysis, and reduce the complicated pre-processing process of the analytes. Furthermore, it can improve the sample analysis speed, and expand the application field of ion trap mass spectrometry technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A standardized operation of the paper pot machine has not been achieved. Therefore, the effects of humidity on uniformity were investigated. The filling volume and sawing length of the machine-produced paper pots were measured under various humidity conditions(20%,31%,47%,63%,67%,89%,98%) and analyzed in SPSS. The results showed that humidity influenced the set filling volume versus the actual filling volume, as well as the sawing length, except under 63% and 67% humidity. Homogeneity of the data variance was calculated, and the paper pots prepared under 63% and 67% humidity were significantly different (P<0.05) from the other levels. In these cases, the actual filling volume was comparable to the set volume, and the sawing length was similar to the standard sawing length. The low standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and dispersion indicate that the optimum humidity range for machine paper pot formation is between 60% and 70%. Paper pots produced in this humidity range had a production pass rate of 99.17% and a total qualified seedling rate of 89.88%. Paper pots produced within the optimal humidity range enables a more uniform filling volume and sawing length. Additionally, the pass and qualified seedling rates can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The porous characteristic of tlie paper substrate causes penetration and difusion of tlie li(_uid material on the surface. Therefore，it is extremely difficult to form an RFIDtag metal antenna by electroless deposition on the surface of the paper substrate. Aiming at this problem，the stannous chloride colloid solution \as applied to avoid the catalytic ink penetration in the paper - based substrate. Moreover， paper substrate was immersed in chitosan solu- tion， which could bring functional group and improve the conductivity and adhesion of RFID metal antenna. The SEM，XRD，EDS and adhesion test of the metal layer antenna of the RFID tag proved that the surface of the metal layer of tlie tag antenna had advantages including dense surface， high crystallinity， good adhesion， low resistivity (2.58X10-8 # + cm)，good mechanical properties (1000 bending test). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the utilization of apple pomace resources, verify the antibacterial activity and antiseptic properties of the ethanol extract of apple pomace, the antibacterial activity of extract from apple pomace were determined by the inhibition zone test. In addition, the antibacterial effect of the extract under different pH and salt concentration had been studied. At the same time, the ethanol extract of apple pomace was applied to the preservation of Passiflora edulia, using sensory scores and various physical and chemical indicators(Vc, soluble solids, total acid, solid acid ratio)as the basis to investigate the antiseptic effect of the extract. The results were as follows:(1)The ethanol extract of apple pomace had no obvious inhibitory effect on yeasts(diameter of inhibition zone <1 mm), but it had obvious inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli(diameter of inhibition zone was 6-9 mm).(2)The best inhibitory concentration for these strains was 4.0 g·L-1. In addition, when the antibacterial effect of the extract was optimal, the pH was 6-7 and the salt concentration was 5.0 g·L-1.(3)The optimal concentration for Passiflora edulia was 0.2%, and the rot rate after storage at this concentration was only 6.7%(control group was 67%), and the weight loss rate was 5.5%(control group was 36.3%). The soluble solids and total acid content were not significantly different from those before storage(P>0.05)(control group P<0.05). And most of the fruits were plump, firm, bright and shiny, moderately sweet and sour. The antibacterial extract of apple pomace has antibacterial activity and significant antiseptic effect, and provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of apple pomace resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] The National Preprint Publishing Platform of China had been put into operation by the end of 2022. In order to ensure the quality of papers posted on the Platform and encourage a large number of researchers to submit articles to the Platform, it is necessary to introduce a paper quality assurance mechanism into the Platform. There are deficiencies in existing quality assurance mechanism for a preprint publishing platform. Self-organizing peer review has gradually attracted attention in recent years. In order to achieve the performance expected by the management agency of the National Preprint Publishing Platform, it is necessary to study the optimization design of key parameters of self-organizing peer review. [Method/Process] Design-expert software has been used for Box Behnken experimental design. The number of papers submitted by authors within a year, the distribution of review time, and the parameters of article review time are randomly set. The total number of papers is calculated according to the parameters of Lotka's law, and is not included in the Box-Behnken experimental sampling. We selected four key parameters of rest time, rejection rate, number of researchers, and review qualification ratio as independent variables, took three levels for each variable, and used -1, 0, +1 for coding, representing three levels of low, medium, and high, respectively. The three dependent variables for self-organizing peer review performance evaluation are the completion rate of paper review (CR), the balance of reviewer task allocation (TBD), and the average review time of the paper (A_r_time). A Box-Behnken experiment table was designed separately for each Lotka's law parameter, three repeated experiments were conducted on each key parameter combination in the table, and the summary() function and mean() function in R language were used to calculate the average performance indicators of each key parameter combination. Then, the response surface analysis was carried out on the Box-Behnken sampling data, and the quantitative relationship expression between the dependent variable of performance evaluation and the independent variable of key parameters was obtained. [Results/Conclusions] The ratio of review qualifications and reviewer rest time have greater impact on the performance of self-organized peer review, especially the ratio of review qualifications is much more important than other three key parameters. By combining different values of key parameter independent variables, the National Preprint Publishing Platform can achieve the expected self-organized peer review performance, ensuring the average quality of papers published by the Platform. In addition, because of our limited knowledge of computational resources, there is still room for improvement in simulation accuracy. If equipped with more powerful computational resources, more precise simulation calculation can be carried out based on the methods and parameters proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective A bibliometric analysis of the literature related to stroke and the blood-brain barrier was conducted to obtain a research map, explore hotspots and trends, and provide references for clinical treatment and research. Methods The literature related to stroke and blood-brain barrier from 1 January 2001 to 28 February 2023 was explored in the Web of Science core database. Using bibliometrics, CiteSpace V6.1.R6 was used to analyze the distribution of years, countries/regions, research institutions/system, authors, publications, cited literature, keywords and research trends. Results A total of 5028 papers were included after screening, with an overall upward trend in the number of published papers. The United States had the most research on this topic, followed by China’s mainland and Germany. Most of the top 10 research institutions/system were from the United States, France and China, with strong collaboration between countries/regions and research institutions/system. Among the authors, Chopp Michael from the United States ranked first with 49 papers. Among the research trends, ischemic stroke, miR-126 in non-coding RNA, blood-brain barrier dysfunction and drug delivery were the hot spots in the last three years. Conclusions Blood-brain barrier and stroke are inextricably linked. The dysfunction and repair mechanism of blood-brain barrier during stroke, the circulation biomarkers released by blood brain barrier and the use of blood-brain barrier opening time to increase drug absorption are worthy of further study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prediction model is a statistical model used to predict the probability of an individual with a target event or to predict the outcome value. Visualization of prediction model results is an essential part of the whole process of developing a prediction model. A good presentation of a prediction model can not only make the prediction results more readable and interpretable, but also determine its use and convenience to a large extent. This paper provided a detailed introduction to various forms of prediction model presentation and reported their advantages and disadvantages. Combining clinical prediction model research on cerebrovascular disease, this paper introduced the application of each presentation in cerebrovascular disease research through research examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data classification and grading is the foundation for ensuring the safe circulation of data and promoting the release of data value. This paper focuses on the key task of government data classification and grading in digital reform. Using a theoretical case study method and based on publicly released plans by various provincial governments and ministries, the implementation of government data classification and grading in China is systematically sorted and quantitatively analyzed. This paper summarizes four key processes and five characteristics of the implementation of government data classification and classification in China. Based on the special complexity of the classification and grading of government data, this paper puts forward four problems corresponding solutions in the implementation of the classification and grading of government data in China, such as unclear overall target positioning, different classification and grading objects, separated classification and grading relations, and different security grading standards. Based on the practice of classification and grading government data of a national ministry, this paper verifies the scientificity and effectiveness of the solutions, and provides a reference for constructing a unified national government data classification and grading system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building a high-quality big data resource platform for the government is an important basic project to realize the integration of government information across departments, regions and levels, accelerate the construction of digital government and improve the digital intelligence level of public services and social governance. Firstly, this paper reviews the development of China's E-government and summarizes the three construction mode and main problems of traditional big data platforms, i.e., low data freshness, poor data consistency, difficult business collaborative management, weak basic support and high overall investment. Secondly, this paper conducts a case study on the credit information resource management platform in Jiangsu and explains the reasons for using Jiangsu case as an example. This paper proposes corresponding solutions and overall architecture design for the problems existing in traditional construction models as well as four reference value of Jiangsu case. Finally, based on summarizing the research and practical experience in Jiangsu, five suggestions are summarized to provide a reference for various provinces to study and formulate policy documents, such as provincial government big data platform construction guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

News recommendation system plays an important role in news dissemination of new media. This paper proposed a recommendation system based on deep reinforcement learning, which aimed to combine the representation ability of neural network and the strategy selection ability of reinforcement learning to improve the effect of news recommendation. This paper used dynamic action masks to enhance the ability of judging the short-term interests of users, used the optimization cache mechanism to improve the efficiency of experience cache use, and accelerated model training through the reward design of regional masking nature to improve the performance of the recommendation system in the field of news recommendation. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed model in news data sets is comparable to the current mainstream neural network recommendation methods, and its ranking performance is better than others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study in Rhizocarpon Ramond ex DC. species by the method of combining phenotypic characteristics (morphology, anatomy and chemistry) with genotypic characteristics (ITS sequence). The aims of this present paper are to clarify the status of some species and explore the relationship between phenotype and genotype in Rhizocarpon. During the study on Rhizocarpon species from southwest China, R. sichuanense Y. M. Zhang, L. Hu & W. C. Wang sp. nov. is described as a new species in this genus. The new species is morphologically similar to R. cinereonigrum Vain and R. sinense Zahlbr., which also produces brown thallus, medulla I-, 8-spored ascus and brown ascospores with 1-septa. But it can be distinguished by the scattered, areolate to subsquamulose thallus, a distinct black prothallus, large ascospores are [(27-)32-42.5] μm × [12.5-17.5(-20)] μm and the presence of barbatic acid is in the thallus. In phylogenetic trees, it is also similar to R. badioatrum (Flörke ex Spreng. ) Th. Fr. which can be distinguished by the more continuous thallus with diffractaic acid or without secondary products, and the smaller spores [(23-36) μm ×(13-16) μm] than this new species. The phylogenic results are as follows: (1) The new species R. sichuanense belongs to badioatrum group which belongs to Rhizocarpon subg. Phaeothallus; (2) It is unsuitable to classify some groups only based on anatomical characteristics (spore size and separation type) in Rhizocarpon, the chemical characteristics should also be considered. In this paper, the achievement of ITS sequences provide the basic data for an establishment of a more reasonable and natural classification system. In addition, we provide high resolution pictures of morphological, anatomical and chemical characteristics as well as detailed descriptions of the new species. The key to the species of Rhizocarpon subg. Phaeothallus with 1-septa brown spore (Badioatrum group) in the world is also provided, which will provide basic data for the further studies in this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophages have strong plasticity and heterogeneity, and can undergo functional transformation in response to different signal stimuli, such as classical activation of M1 type (M1 type polarization) and selective activation of M2 type (M2 type polarization). The pathways of macrophage M1/M2 polarization are quite extensive, involving nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, interleukin-4 (IL-4)/signal transduction and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, etc. At the same time, M1/M2 polarization of macrophages is also regulated by exosomes, metabolites, non-coding RNA, electrical stimulation, probiotics, etc., and its imbalance is closely related to the occurrence and development of different types of liver disease. In this paper, the mechanism of its polarization was reviewed, and it was found that M1 polarization of macrophages played a promoting role in the process of liver tissue injury, inflammation and fibrosis, while M2 polarization of macrophages played the opposite role. Among them, hepatocellular carcinoma, as the advanced stage of chronic liver disease, was characterized by increased M2 polarization and impaired M1 polarization of macrophages. Therefore, this paper pays attention to the role of M1/M2 polarization of macrophages in different types of liver diseases, in order to better establish the targeted therapy of macrophage subsets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local entrepreneurialism provides an important theoretical perspective for the study of economic growth-oriented local governance after the 1980s. This theory originated in the revival of economic liberalism following the Western economic crisis. Influenced by global urbanization and deregulation, cities have been redefined as important scales of spatial governance. Local governments have abandoned "managerialism," which emphasizes regional equilibrium, and turned to "entrepreneurilism", which emphasizes local wealth accumulation, weakening the welfare state system and emphasizing absolute gain. Since the economic reform was launched in 1978, China has experienced a transition from state socialism, conceptualized as a triple process of decentralization, marketization, and globalization. The logic of local government behavior underwent profound changes during the transition. Local governments are increasingly showing behavioral characteristics that originally belonged to enterprises. These local governmental acts create the economic miracle and unique spatial phenomenon of the "Chinese paradigm," widely called "local entrepreneurialism." With the critical period of urbanization, exploring effective ways to improve local governance capabilities has become an important topic of concern for all sectors of society. Sorting out the rise and development of the theory about local entrepreneurialism, this paper seeks to construct an analysis framework for local entrepreneurialism in China by integrating the notions of strategy, discourse, and fashion. Furthermore, this paper proposes the "Chinese characteristics" of local entrepreneurialism by reviewing specific strategies adopted by local governments with multiple identities or acting as different roles, namely the owner of public (land) resources, the user of administrative resources, the urban manager, and the allocator of development rights. Therefore, the following conclusion were drawn: (1) Compared with the extensive participation in the Western system, China's local entrepreneurialism involves more administrative intervention, and all localities play a leading role in local entrepreneurial practice by virtue of their monopoly rights. (2) Although decentralization reform endows local governments with certain powers and responsibilities, state intervention still exists. The goal of an entrepreneurial strategy is to safeguard state powers. (3) In the new stage, the connotation and external form of local entrepreneurialism are expanding. Economic growth is no longer the primary theme of local development. How to pay attention to efficiency and fairness has become an important topic at present, and we argue that the sustainability of local entrepreneurial strategies and their impact on rural governance might be key research directions for future studies. This study aimed to provide a reference for the transformation of governance in this new era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uric acid (UA), the final product of human purine metabolism, can cause hyperuricemia (HUA) when excessively accumulated. HUA is closely linked to chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and is considered an independent risk factor. Hyperuricemic nephropathy, a form of CKD induced by HUA, has seen significant advances in understanding through research into the pathogenic roles of uric acid and the development of HUA animal models. Although progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms by which UA induces CKD, much remains to be learned about its pathological molecular mechanisms. New approaches in animal modeling or the selection of model animals may potentially lead to significant breakthroughs in research on hyperuricemia as well as related CKD. This paper reviews the research progress on the molecular mechanisms of hyperuricemic nephropathy, focusing on oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, fibrosis, and gut microbiota. Oxidative stress is induced by uric acid intracellularly through xanthine oxidase, NADPH oxidases, and mitochondria, leading to cellular damage. In terms of inflammation, uric acid crystals can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, triggering an inflammatory cascade. The role of free uric acid as a pro-inflammatory agent, however, remains controversial. Depending on the study conducted, autophagy has been found to either alleviate or exacerbate inflammation induced by uric acid. Fibrosis, particularly through epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), is a major mechanism by which uric acid causes glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Extensive research has explored various signaling pathways involved in uric acidinduced EMT. Beneficial gut microbiota protect the kidneys by synthesizing short-chain fatty acids, reducing urea’s enterohepatic circulation, and decreasing uric acid production. This paper aims to enhance understanding of the complex relationships between HUA and CKD, serving as a reference for further research and new drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2023 China Health Report on Spine Degeneration noted a significant increase in lumbar surgery among patients under 35 years old in recent years, indicating a trend towards younger onset of cervical and lumbar diseases. Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation has become a major concern, making the study of disc degeneration pathogenesis and treatment methods clinically significant. At present, human intervertebral disc diseases are primarily diagnosed through imaging due to the challenges of obtaining tissue samples from the spine. Therefore, experimental animals have emerged as alternative research subjects because they are cost-effective, have short experimental cycles, and are easily accessible. Given the structural and physiological differences between human and other animal intervertebral discs, comparing their anatomy and histological characteristics forms the foundation of research into human disc degeneration. The purpose of this paper is to collect and review relevant studies on anatomical and histological structures of intervertebral discs in different animals and conduct a comparative analysis from four aspects, namely, intervertebral disc height, lumbar disc geometry, lumbar disc cartilaginous endplate characteristics, and extracellular matrix components. The results show that humans, kangaroos, sheep, pigs, and rats exhibit similar relative heights between the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae. Mice possess lumbar disc geometries most akin to humans. Compared to other animals, humans have the thickest cartilaginous endplates and the lowest cell densities. The collagen within the fibrous annulus differs most notably in pigs compared to humans, while water content in the nucleus pulposus is consistent across pigs, sheep, rabbits, rats, and humans. Additionally, this paper describes the commonalities and discrepancies in disc degeneration manifestations between humans and animals, and summarizes modeling methods for disc degeneration in different experimental animals. Ultimately, the aims of this paper is to provide fundamental data for selecting suitable experimental animal models for the study of intervertebral disc degeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]. The aims of this article are to intuitively grasp the progress and hotspots in the field of research of gully erosion in the northeast of China black soil region, advance the development of research in gully erosion in the black soil region of northeast China. [Methods] 245 papers in CNKI and Web of Science databases were used to create a knowledge map of gully erosion in the black soil region of northeast using the bibliometric method and CiteSpace software. [Results] (1) Research on gully erosion in black soil area started late, and the number of published papers has increased significantly in the past 10 years, but the results published in international journals are few, accounting for only 26%. (2) The research institutions in this field mainly distribute in northeastern China, of which several institutions include Songliao Basin Committee of Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing Normal University, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, and Shenyang Agricultural University have made the outstanding contributions and shown the great influence in the field; Prof. Zhang Shuwen is the scholar with the most publications in Chinese, and Prof. Liu Baoyuan and Wu Yongqiu are the scholars with the most publications in English in this field. (3) The co-occurrence of keywords between the published literatures indicates that the current focus of attention on gully erosion in the black soil area of northeast China is mainly on the development characteristics, influencing factors and prevention and control measures of gully erosion. [Conclusion] The comprehensive research framework and a full understanding on gully erosion in the black soil region of northeastern China have not yet been established. In future research, there is a need to further emphasize the study of the formation and development processes and mechanisms of gully erosion in the black soil region of Northeastern China, and to conduct in-depth analyses of the influences of geological, topographical, hydrological, and human activities, among other factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper reveals the spatiotemporal changes of vegetation in different ecosystems in Shaanxi Province, clarifies the influence mechanisms of different climatic factors and their interactions on the changes of vegetation, and provides a theoretical basis for regional ecological environmental protection. [Methods] Based on MODIS NDVI and annual average high temperature, annual average low temperature, annual average temperature, and annual total precipitation data, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of vegetation NDVI in each landscape partition from 2000 to 2020 by Theil-Sen Median trend, partial correlation, and geodetector, and the internal correlations and response mechanisms of vegetation NDVI changes with precipitation and temperature were investigated by combining variable separation. [Results] Vegetation NDVI in Shaanxi fluctuated and increased from 2000 to 2020 at a rate of 5.9%/per decade, among which the rate of vegetation NDVI decreased in the different landscape in the order: Northern Shaanxi＞Guanzhong＞Southern Shaanxi.The multi-year vegetation NDVI value of the province was 0.71, with high level in the south and low level in the north. Vegetation NDVI in 67% of the regions showed a significantly improved trend during the study period, and the proportion in different landscape decreased in the order: Northern Shaanxi＞Southern Shaanxi＞Guanzhong. The climate factors fluctuated over time in Shaanxi from 2000 to 2020, the change rates in different landscape decreased in the order: Shaanxi South＞Guanzhong ＞Shaanbei. The spatial trends of temperature factors showed the decrease in annual average high temperature, the increase in annual average low temperature, and the decrease in annual average temperature, and the increase in precipitation. The overall vegetation NDVI of Shaanxi and each sub-district from 2000 to 2020 was negatively correlated with annual average high temperature and positively correlated with annual average low temperature, annual average temperature, and annual total precipitation. The contribution of annual total precipitation was greatest in the province and northern Shaanxi, and the contribution of annual average high temperature was greatest in Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi. The interaction of annual average high temperature and total annual precipitation had the strongest influence on vegetation NDVI in the province, northern Shaanxi and southern Shaanxi, and the interaction between annual mean temperature and total annual precipitation had the strongest effect on vegetation NDVI in Guanzhong. The interaction of of precipitation with maximum and annual average temperatures significantly influenced the vegetation NDVI changes. [Conclusion] The vegetation in Shaanxi and the sub-regions had became better overall during the study period. The vegetation in each sub-region responded differently to climate, and the contribution of each factor and its interactions also differed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social security and high-quality economic development are important ways to achieve common prosperity. At the present stage, Chinese economic development has shifted from high-speed development to high-quality development. However, social security sustainability has been challenged by demographic transformation, which has an impact on the sustainability of economic development. It is also bound to further affect the coordinated relationship between social security and high-quality economic development. This article constructs an analytical framework for social security and economic high-quality development based on system theory. On the basis of elaborating the theoretical relationship between social security and high-quality economic development, the quality of social security and the index of high-quality economic development are comprehensively measured based on Chinese provincial panel data. The dynamic relationship between social security and economic high-quality development is also analyzed by using the decoupling theory and the coupling coordination degree. It is found that: first, both the quality of social security and the index of high-quality economic development show an increasing trend year by year. The indexes of social security quality and economic high-quality development are higher in provinces with faster economic development. However, in terms of the index growth rate, the economic quality development index of most economically backward regions grows faster than that of the economically faster developing regions. In contrast, the growth rate of their social security quality is slower than that of regions with faster economic development. This finding reflects that the quality of social security and the quality of economic development are not synchronized within regions. Second, the relationship between social security and high-quality economic development as a whole is characterized by decoupling, negative decoupling and fluctuating linkages, with the dominant decoupling showing a “progressive deterioration”. The high-quality economic development of each province mainly shows the trend of inefficient expansion. Third, the degree of coupling and the degree of coupling coordination of the two systems have both been on the rise year by year. However, they are still in a low state of coordination. Fourth, in the heterogeneity analysis, the system coupling and coordination degree of social security and economic high-quality development shifted from barely coordinated to primary coordinated in the eastern region. The central region evolves from on the verge of dysfunction to barely coordinated. In the western region, the degree of coordination of the system coupling between social security and high-quality economic development has evolved from mild to imminent coordination. All in all, the government needs to reasonably grasp the “appropriateness” of social security. And on the basis of making a bigger cake, it should share the cake well, so as to ensure that social security and the economy can achieve high-quality development on the basis of coordination and sustainability. Compared with the previous literature, this paper expands in the following two aspects: first, in terms of the selection of indicators, it is different from the existing studies that measure the level of social security only from the level of expenditure. This paper measures the quality of social security from the expenditure, income, coverage to collection of social security items. Not only the “quantity” but also the “quality” of social security is taken into account. Secondly, the mechanism of coordinated development between social security and high-quality economic development is analyzed on the basis of Luhmann's social system theory. It expands the relevant literature from a new perspective, and further measures the degree of coordination between the two. Through the results of the measurement, it finds the problems existing in the relationship between social security and economic development at the present stage in China, which will help the relevant departments to put forward reform measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the digital age, Internet use has become important for relative poverty governance and common prosperity in China. “Internet + targeted poverty alleviation” is an essential boost to poverty alleviation that has experienced empirical tests. Academics have also paid attention to the poverty reduction effect of Internet use. On the one hand, existing studies mainly focus on its effect in rural areas, while relative poverty exists widely between urban and rural areas. Therefore, further comparison of the urban-rural differences in their poverty reduction effect is necessary. On the other hand, promoting capital accumulation is the fundamental mechanism of the poverty reduction effect of Internet use, which academics have poorly analyzed. Using the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)data in 2017, this paper uses the moderating effect, mediating effect, moderated mediating effect, and threshold effect models to examine the poverty reduction effect of Internet use and the urban-rural difference in its capital accumulation mechanism. The results find that Internet use can alleviate the relative poverty of individuals and has a more significant effect on rural residents than urban residents. Moreover, the results remain robust after overcoming the endogeneity problem using the instrumental variables model. Further mechanism analysis reveals that Internet use can transform online resources into offline human, social, and economic capital, thus alleviating relative poverty. Among them, the poverty reduction effect of human capital accumulated by Internet use is stronger for urban residents, and the poverty reduction effect of economic capital is more substantial for rural residents. Meanwhile, there are threshold conditions for human capital, economic capital, and social capital for the poverty reduction effect of Internet use. Furthermore, there are urban-rural differences in the threshold values. The contribution of this paper to the existing research lies in the following aspects: first, it places urban and rural residents in the same framework and uses different poverty measurement criteria to compare the differences in poverty reduction effects generated by Internet use. Second, to break the dichotomy method used in previous poverty studies, this paper pays more attention to the relative characteristics of relative poverty, takes the difference degree between individual living standard and average level as the index of relative poverty measurement, and generates the variable of relative poverty depth, which is an innovation of poverty measurement. Third, it reveals that the accumulation effect of capital(economic, social, and human capital)generated by Internet use is the fundamental poverty reduction mechanism and further analyzes its urban-rural heterogeneity and threshold conditions. The results suggest that, on the whole, Internet use has a more significant poverty reducing effect on rural residents than on urban residents. Thus vigorous development of Internet infrastructure in rural areas remains an important initiative for future relative poverty governance. The accumulation of human capital is the fundamental mechanism of Internet poverty reduction, warning us to pay attention to enhancing human capital. The top priorities for future poverty governance are relatively poor residents in urban areas and relatively poor “marginal” populations in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Realizing the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas is the most difficult and heavy task in China, which means that strengthening and innovating rural governance will undertake more goals and tasks to achieve common prosperity. Therefore, it is necessary to build a community of rural governance from the perspective of common prosperity to achieve a high degree of unity between common prosperity and effective governance in rural areas. However, the existing research has rarely taken common prosperity as the breakthrough point and carried out the research on rural governance community from this perspective, especially the research attention on how common prosperity guides and promotes the construction of rural governance community and how the construction of rural governance community can effectively promote common prosperity is not enough. Firstly, this paper analyzes the internal relationship between the realization of common prosperity and the construction of rural governance community, and finds that realizing common prosperity is the basic premise and value orientation in the construction of rural governance community, while the construction of rural governance community is the realization and essential requirement of common prosperity, which shows the internal coupling relationship between the two ways and purposes of mutual realization. Secondly, based on this internal relationship, we can find that the foundation of the internal unity of the Marx's community thought and urban-rural relationship theory is its theoretical origin, the realistic guidance of the internal unity of Xi Jinping's Thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era's common prosperity thought and rural governance thought is its theoretical innovation, and the contemporary sublimation of “Great Harmony” and rural governance thought in Chinese excellent culture is its theoretical foundation. Finally, on its implementation path, we need to strengthen Party building and strengthen the “connotation” and “extension” of coordinating the rural governance community, to develop rural collective economy to build the material foundation of rural governance community, and to improve the rural governance system of “Three Governance Integration” and the governance mechanism of rural governance community. Besides, we need to actively promote urban-rural integration and activate the endogenous motivation of rural governance community. Compared with the previous literature, this paper expands in the following two aspects:first, it combs the internal relationship between the realization of common prosperity and the construction of rural governance community, and clarifies the theoretical premise of in-depth discussion of rural governance community and its construction from a new perspective of common prosperity. Secondly, in the analysis of theoretical logic, it pays attention to the basic principles of Marxism and its combination with China's reality and Chinese excellent traditional culture. Instead of thinking about the governance community in the rural category, it innovatively discusses the rural governance community and its construction from the overall situation of urban-rural integration based on economic relations and the basic trend of rural governance modernization. The research in this paper may enrich and expand the theoretical horizon of the study of rural governance community to a certain extent, reveal the internal relationship between common prosperity and rural governance community, help relevant departments in China to provide ideas and references for policy making in rural governance practice at present, promote rural governance effectively and solidly promote farmers' common prosperity in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To build a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the main body and the international and domestic dual cycles reinforcing each other, it is necessary to take the expansion of domestic demand as a strategic basis, and the expansion of household consumption is an important part of it. By realizing people-centered urbanization, the new urbanization construction has promoted the release of residents' consumption potential from both supply and demand aspects, and provided a driving force for China's economy to effectively expand domestic demand. However, there is a lack of empirical analysis of the relationship between new urbanization and residents' consumption potential at the macro level. Based on the panel data of 280 cities in China from 2007 to 2019, this paper empirically studies the impact of new urbanization construction on the release of residents' consumption potential on the basis of measuring the level of new urbanization construction and residents' consumption potential, and analyzes its mechanism from the supply and demand sides of the consumer market. The study finds that the new urbanization construction can realize the expansion and upgrading of the consumer market on the supply side, promote the increase of residents' income and the improvement of consumption security on the demand side, and then fully release the consumption potential of residents. This result still holds after a series of robust tests and treatment of endogeneity problems. Further analysis shows that the new urbanization construction has a stronger effect on the release of residents' consumption potential in the eastern and northeast regions, and at the same time, the degree of industrial agglomeration and the level of digital economy development also have a positive moderating effect on the release of urban residents' consumption potential. The results of nonlinear analysis show that the release effect of new urbanization on the consumption potential of urban residents is gradually amplified, and with the improvement of the level of new urbanization, its release effect on the consumption potential of residents also gradually increases. Compared with previous studies, the marginal contribution of this paper is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: firstly, from the perspective of research, the logical framework of new urbanization construction to release residents' consumption potential is constructed from the supply and demand sides of the consumer market, and the urbanization construction is linked to consumption growth, and how to rely on urbanization to release the strategic potential of residents' huge consumption. Secondly, in terms of measurement methods, the index system of new urbanization construction level is constructed from five aspects: population urbanization, economic urbanization, social urbanization, resource spatial intensification, and urban-rural integration, besides, the level of new urbanization construction is measured, and the consumption potential index system of residents, consumption willingness and consumption environment is designed from the three dimensions of consumption capacity, then the consumption potential of residents is measured, This method is more direct and specific than that of DID, which uses a simple 0-1 variables. Thirdly, in terms of data use, a number of medium and micro databases such as the city panel database, the industrial enterprise database, and the macroeconomic and real estate database of the State Information Center are used, and the data is more abundant and reasonable. This paper reveals the key role of urban development and industrial support in unleashing the consumption potential of residents, and puts forward policy suggestions such as diversifying consumption scenarios, supporting micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, improving the social security system, and optimizing the industrial structure, which is conducive to the further improvement of the new urbanization strategy in the future and provides a policy starting point for giving release to the potential of the domestic market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common prosperity is an important feature of Chinese path to modernization, and urbanization is a necessary path to achieving Chinese path to modernization. However, the current urbanization of counties is plagued by problems such as unbalanced regional development, widening gap between urban and rural areas, unsound infrastructure construction, and imperfect public service support, which constrains the realization of common prosperity. How to build a scientific and reasonable evaluation system to assess the development level of county urbanization and the degree of urban-rural integration is of great significance in promoting the healthy development of county urbanization and realizing common prosperity. This paper systematically reviews the historical origin and theoretical connotation of common prosperity, explores the internal mechanism of county urbanization for common prosperity, and then bases on Amartya Sen's proposition that social development should be a continuous expansion of the “feasible range of capabilities” of human beings in order to realize greater substantive freedom, arguing that realizing the “common prosperity” as well as the “realization of free and comprehensive development of human beings” implies a continuous expansion of the scope of the feasible range of people's capabilities, and that, from the concrete point of view, not only the incomes of the inhabitants should be made fair and reasonable, but also the range of commodities and services that can be consumed by the urban and rural inhabitants should be continuously expanded, and the gaps between the groups should be continuously narrowed. Therefore, based on the principles of systematicity, scientificity, objectivity and foresight, this study is based on the data from the Statistical Yearbook and the big data from the platform of “ Data Intelligence Portal for Social Science Studies”(DIPS)developed by the “Joint Laboratory of Data Intelligence and Urban Future of Zhejiang University-Zhejiang Mobile”. The evaluation system of county urbanization is constructed from the three evaluation dimensions of income fairness, consumption fairness and urban-rural integration(first-level indicators), which includes 9 second-level indicators including indicators like affluence level, development potential and urban-rural income disparity etc. and 26 third-level indicators. Compared with the previous literature, this paper expands in the following two aspects: firstly, this study establishes a theoretical connection between common prosperity and county urbanization, and tries to construct a county urbanization evaluation system from this new perspective. The three-dimensional division of income fairness, consumption fairness and urban-rural integration structurally realizes the organic convergence of the value goal of common prosperity and the policy goal of county urbanization, takes into account the specific requirements of common prosperity on the income side and the consumption side, and also highlights the precision policy of county urbanization on urban-rural integration, which meets the requirements of the top-level design of the evaluation system of high-quality county urbanization based on the goal of common prosperity. Secondly, unlike the existing evaluation system that relies on statistical yearbook data, this research adds big data indicators that are accessible, identifiable, analyzable and replicable to the selection of indicators, so that the indicators not covered by the traditional statistical yearbook data can be meticulously portrayed in real-time feedback, helping to accurately capture the dynamic characteristics of the current urban development, and ultimately combining the advantages of the two to make the evaluation system of county urbanization more scientific and innovative. This study reveals, to a certain extent, the theoretical connotation between the national strategic goal of common prosperity and high-quality urbanization in counties, and the constructed indicator evaluation system not only provides academic references for decision-making and practice of urbanization construction, but also guides local governments to achieve the optimal allocation of resource elements between urban and rural areas and the bidirectional and efficient flow of resources, so as to promote the coordinated advancement of the common prosperity and the integration of urban and rural areas with high-quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanization construction has always been one of the key development directions in China, and the process of urbanization faces many risks and challenges. In the context of complex and diverse urban risks, major public health risks are one of the most significant ones in terms of impact and destructive power. The outbreak of the COVID-19 at the beginning of 2020 has evolved from a public health event to a global economic and social crisis, reflecting that China has room for further improvement in the prevention and control system of major public health risks, and the modernization of urban governance has a long way to go. It is urgent to explore the establishment of a comprehensive prevention and control system for major public health risks in cities that is in line with the process of urban development in China. The general theoretical research on risk governance in the academic community is relatively rich. The research on the public health risk prevention and control system was mainly concentrated before 2010. After the outbreak of COVID-19, China's research on major public health risk governance was once again valued by the academic community. However, the existing research is generally decentralized and fragmentation, without forming systematic theories and views. Compared to previous studies, this article focuses on the development and evolution of major public health risks, integrates the concept of “full cycle management” and dynamic prevention and control, and takes the formation of comprehensive and full cycle closed-loop management as a breakthrough and innovation. It sorts out the theoretical framework of urban major public health risk assessment and decision-making mechanisms, breaks through the limitations of existing risk governance, and achieves full cycle coordination and full process integration, To ensure the lives, health, and social stability of the people, and provide directional inspiration for further improving the governance level of major public health risks in China. Based on the background of “risk society” and the principle of risk early warning, this paper follows the process of risk occurrence and puts forward the connotation of major urban public health risks in this paper on the basis of defining relevant concepts. Guided by the concept of “full cycle management”, combined with the 4R crisis management theory, risk management theory, and holistic governance theory, the dynamic core awareness throughout the entire risk prevention and control process is integrated to construct a theoretical framework for the dynamic prevention and control of major public health risks throughout the entire process. Based on the actual situation of social gatherings, the structural and functional characteristics that should be possessed in the dynamic prevention and control of major public health event risks throughout the entire process are determined. From the perspectives of “ considering system as the core” and “risk as the main line”, this paper makes a unified top-level design plan, exploring the practical path of constructing a risk assessment system that includes risk identification, risk assessment, risk assessment, and decision support, as well as a risk control mechanism that includes emergency response and normalized control, and designs a major urban public health risk control mechanism, which transforms from traditional consequence emergency response to early risk regulation prevention and control capabilities, and thus forming a major public health risk prevention and control system of “comprehensive risk assessment, early warning, precise dynamic response control” throughout the entire process. In this paper, risk control is divided into two processes: emergency response and normalized control, that is, to design an emergency response mechanism of multi-department coordination and a normalized control mechanism of major urban public health risks, so as to solve the dilemma of emergency fragmentation and form a full-cycle closed-loop management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expensive medical treatment(“Kan Bing Gui” in Chinese)refers to the high cost of converting medical and health resources into medical and health services, and the quantity and quality of medical and health service supply under limited resources are difficult to meet public health needs, thus directly affecting the construction of Healthy China Initiative. Moreover, the explosive growth in healthcare demand brought by the rapid aging of China's population will create additional pressure on the healthcare system and exacerbate the mismatch between supply and demand. Consequently, solving the “Kan Bing Gui” problem is a crucial task to ensure the achievement of the goals of the Healthy China Initiative. Many related studies simply attribute the “Kan Bing Gui” problem to insufficient fiscal expenditure on health, which is inconsistent with the fact and lacks in-depth analysis of the underlying institutional mechanisms behind the problem. Based on the perspective of structural imbalance in the allocation of medical and health resources, this paper studies the relationship between “Kan Bing Gui” problem and fiscal expenditure on health. Firstly, by summarizing the characteristic facts, we condense two main theoretical hypotheses:(1)The imbalanced allocation of medical and health resources is a major contributor to the “Kan Bing Gui” problem;(2)An increase in fiscal expenditure on health will aggravate the structural imbalance in the allocation of medical and health resources and hinder the alleviation of the “Kan Bing Gui” problem. Secondly, we empirically confirm the above two hypotheses with provincial panel data from 2009 to 2019, using Feasible Generalized Least Squares(FGLS)and mediation testing. Finally, we conclude that increasing fiscal expenditure on health will ultimately worsen the structural imbalance in the allocation of human resources, which is not conducive to solving the “Kan Bing Gui” problem. For the sake of truly alleviating the “Kan Bing Gui” problem from the whole society, increasing fiscal expenditure on health should be combined with in-depth reforms of the health care system to fundamentally optimize the allocation of medical and health resources, and then improve allocative efficiency. Compared to existing literature, this paper has three contributions. Firstly, we analyze the “Kan Bing Gui” problem at social level rather than just at an individual or family level. Although the long-term high total cost of social health is difficult to be perceived by the public and has strong concealment, it directly affects the implementation of the Healthy China Initiative. Secondly, this paper is based on the imbalanced allocation of medical and health resources, and mainly concentrates on the structural imbalance in the referral system. We explore the institutional factors of the “Kan Bing Gui” problem by analyzing the underlying causes of the imbalanced allocation of medical and health resources. This paper can provide a theoretical basis for fundamentally solving the “Kan Bing Gui” problem and correctly understanding the government expenditure responsibility. Thirdly, this paper delves deeper into the coordination mechanisms between efficient market and effective government to achieve a rational allocation of medical and health resources. This paper proposes a new idea to solve the “Kan Bing Gui” problem by fully coordinating the tripartite mechanism of the government, market and society, and combine the increasing of government health expenditure with the deepen reform of health care system. “Kan Bing Gui” has been a long-standing issue in China. In recent years, various kinds of studies have examined the causes of this problem, but this paper provides a unique perspective to explore the impact of structural imbalance in referral systems on this problem, as well as the systematic mechanisms behind the problem, and also puts forward useful ideas and references for the construction of the Healthy China Initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, China's utilization of FDI, despite the challenges it has faced, has managed to “buck the trend” of the global decline in outward FDI, the underlying logic of which is that the “dual circulation” can create a new advantage in attracting FDI. However, there are few direct analyses in the existing literature on the link between the new development pattern of the dual circulation and the “stable improvement” in the quality of FDI. Among the many factors affecting FDI, even the studies conducted from the perspective of the dual-circulation mainly focus on qualitative discussions or certain specific factors in the domestic and international macro-circulation, failing to focus on the possible impact of the dual-circulation itself on China's “steady improvement of the quality of utilization of FDI”. This paper, by adopting the Asian Development Bank(ADB), the University of International Business and Economics Global Value Chain Database(UIBE GVC), and the China Carbon Accounting Databases(CCADs), etc., based on Ni Hongfu et al.(2016)'s method of measuring the length of domestic and international production segmentation, quantitatively measures the “double cycle” and examines the effect of “ dual circulation ” on the “quality” and “quantity” of foreign investment utilization. The empirical study finds that the domestic and international dual circulation and their interaction play a significant role in promoting the “quality” and “quantity” of FDI utilization. Specifically: the improvement of industrial supporting capacity and demand expansion under the scale advantage of the local market, as well as the increase in the degree of openness, are the key mechanisms for the dual circulation to promote the utilization of FDI “steadily improving quality”; “The quality of the system plays a significant positive regulatory role in the promotion of “steady improvement in the quality” of foreign capital utilization, that is, the more perfect the quality of the system, the more conducive to the dual circulation promoting the utilization of foreign capital; the results of the heterogeneity test show that the dual circulation has a more significant effect on the promotion of the tertiary industry, and due to the existence of market segmentation between regions, the dual circulation has a more significant effect on the promotion of the tertiary industry than the central and western inland regions. At the same time, due to the existence of inter-regional market segmentation, the domestic and international dual circulation has a more significant effect on the “quality” and “quantity” of foreign capital utilization in the eastern coastal region than inland areas in the central and western regions. The possible marginal contributions of this paper include: in terms of research perspective, different from the factors influencing the utilization of FDI, including high-quality utilization of FDI, which has been the concern of the existing research literature, this paper focuses on expanding the analysis of the factors influencing the utilization of FDI to improve the quality in a stable manner from the perspective of the domestic and international dual circulation; In terms of research content, regarding the possible impact of the dual circulation on the utilization of foreign investment “steadily improving quality”, it not only analyses its possible real effects from the theoretical and empirical levels, but also tries to reveal the possible mechanism of the above impacts; in terms of measurement methods and data usage, on the one hand, based on the input-output table, this paper uses the consumption coefficient matrix, Leontief inverse matrix, value-added matrix, etc. to measure the length of the domestic and international production splits, which is an innovative way to quantitatively measure the dual-circulation; on the other hand, in contrast to the previous studies of the dual-circulation that stayed on the panel data at the national level, the object of this paper's research is further refined to the provincial and industry levels to carry out a more detailed study. The research in this paper not only helps to expand and deepen the understanding of the influencing factors of China's utilization of FDI, but also provides policy insights for government departments on how to continuously improve the supporting capacity of the industries that utilize FDI and cultivate new advantages in attracting and gathering FDI under the new situation from the specific perspective of the new development pattern of the dual circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the level of localization and autonomy in advanced manufacturing in China is relatively lagging behind developed countries, and there are still many areas where “we are inferior to others in technology” and “we are still dependent on others”. Modern service industry and advanced manufacturing industry represent the direction of “modernization” and “progressiveness” of China's industrial development. “Two industries” convergence is an important point for China to participate in great power competition and industrial competition, and an important way to achieve high-quality development of advanced manufacturing industry. Based on this background, this paper classifies and summarizes the modern service industry and advanced manufacturing industry by using statistical relevant data from the two major industries. Firstly, to measure the degree of integration between advanced manufacturing and modern service industries in different provinces and industries in China, this study builds an index system and a coupling coordination degree model, therefore, the measurement of coupling degree in different industries is more detailed and accurate. Secondly, using data from A-share listed companies in China from 2003 to 2021, this study empirically tests the impact of the integration of the two industries on the total factor productivity(TFP)of advanced manufacturing. This research has shown that the integration of the two industries has significantly improved the TFP of advanced manufacturing industry, and this result still holds true after a series of endogeneity treatments and robustness tests. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the integration of the two industries has more significant impact on the TFP of advanced manufacturing in state-owned enterprises and large enterprises. Besides, the integration of some specific industries like specialized equipment manufacturing, computer, communication, and other electronic equipment manufacturing with modern service industries can significantly improve industry TFP. The possible contributions of this article are as follows: firstly, this paper theoretically explains the logical relationship between the integration of “two industries” and TFP of advanced manufacturing industry and reveals the influence mechanism of “two industries” integration on TFP of advanced manufacturing industry mainly from three aspects: promoting technological innovation through technological integration, alleviating financing constraints through the integration of digital economy and real economy, and optimizing resource allocation through market integration. Secondly, this paper matches macro province-industry data with micro enterprise data, as the different dimensions of data measurement to some extent avoid endogeneity issues of reverse causality. This is because individual enterprise behavior usually cannot affect the degree of integration between provinces and industries. Thirdly,heterogeneity analysis was conducted on advanced manufacturing enterprises in different industries. Based on the above conclusions, this article finally proposes policy recommendations from the aspects of actively developing the digital economy and modern service industry, encouraging collaborative innovation among enterprises, and reducing barriers to factor mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, a large number of new digital information technologies have appeared in the world. The role of the digital economy as a “stabilizer” and “accelerator” for the development of the real economy has become increasingly prominent. Digital transformation has become a key force in reshaping the global resource structure and changing the world economic pattern. Especially in the current era, the international political, economic and scientific and technological landscape is constantly changing. How to grasp the new situation, strengthen technology leadership, improve digital governance and establish new development advantages have become a severe test for each economic entity. However, the relationship between business uncertainty and digitization is still inconclusive. The unpredictability of the environment has led enterprises to rely more on digitization. Enterprises are eager to carry out comprehensive digital construction at the fastest speed to improve their competitive position. Companies are trying to be a dark horse in the face of environmental shocks. However, in practice, it is found that the situation, ecological environment, capital, technology and other constraints lead to the inability of enterprises in the digital construction. Therefore, the study of how the uncertainty of the business environment affects the digital transformation of enterprises has become the focus of this paper. Specifically, through the analysis of resource-based theory, agency theory, real option theory, strategic alignment theory and existing research results, the main hypothesis and alternative hypothesis of the paper are proposed. The empirical part uses the data of China's A-share listed companies from 2004 to 2021 to test the impact of business environment uncertainty on enterprises' digital transformation. The results show that uncertainty in the business environment will inhibit enterprises' digital transformation. However, this inhibitory effect will weaken as the uncertainty of the business environment increases. The influence of business environment uncertainty on digital input and results conforms to the U-shaped relationship, but it only inhibits the efficiency of digital output. Uncertainty in the business environment inhibits digital transformation through financing constraints, technical talent drain, and management myopia. Accordingly, this inhibition can be alleviated by promoting market-oriented development, promoting the construction of digital organizations and increasing the proportion of management ownership. The inhibiting effect of business environment uncertainty on enterprises' digital transformation is more significant in enterprises with overseas management background, non-IT management background and higher average age of management. Moreover, this dampening effect ultimately leads to a decline in aggregate productivity and firm value. Compared with previous literatures, the conclusions enrich the research on the impact of business environment on enterprises' digital transformation. The internal logic and economic consequences of business environment uncertainty inhibiting enterprises' digital transformation are deeply discussed. The corresponding mitigation mechanism is studied according to different influence channels. The heterogeneity is analyzed based on the characteristics of management structure. The relationship between business environment uncertainty and enterprise digital transformation is analyzed comprehensively. At the same time, it provides new empirical evidence for the development of China's digital economy and the high-quality development of the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the Ukraine crisis has triggered the accelerated evolution of the world geopolitical pattern. Trade frictions and the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic have increased the risk of rupture of the global industrial chain. In this context, countries have shifted from pursuing “efficiency” of the industrial chain to emphasizing both “efficiency and security”, and the issue of industrial chain resilience and security has been raised to unprecedented new heights. Improving the resilience of the industrial chain is a key component in promoting high-quality development and maintaining national security. Based on the multi-regional input-output table(ADB-MRIO)compiled by the Asian Development Bank, this paper calculates the resilience of the industry chain, then combines it with industrial robots data provided by the International Federation of Robotics(IFR)to deeply explore the impact and mechanism of artificial intelligence on the resilience of the industry chain. The study shows that:(1)overall, artificial intelligence can significantly improve the resilience of the industry chain. This result is still significantly valid under robustness tests such as dealing with endogenous problems, changing variables, changing sample range, and changing estimation methods.(2)The mechanism test results show that the effects of technological innovation and governance system optimization are the internal mechanisms for AI to enhance the resilience of the industrial chain.(3)The heterogeneity analysis shows that at the national level, artificial intelligence has a more significant impact on enhancing the resilience of industrial chain in developed countries and countries with higher levels of digital infrastructure penetration. At the industry level, compared to low tech manufacturing, artificial intelligence plays a more prominent role in enhancing the resilience of the industrial chain in mid to high tech manufacturing.(4)When considering the impact of the 2008 financial crisis, we also find that the financial crisis has weakened the positive effect of artificial intelligence on the resilience of the industrial chain. This paper contributes to the existing literature in three aspects. First, in terms of research issues, this paper provides a possible path to effectively improve the resilience of the industrial chain from the perspective of artificial intelligence, and further enriches the research on the determinants of industrial chain resilience. At the same time, we also put forward the internal mechanism of artificial intelligence to improve the resilience of the industrial chain, that is, artificial intelligence will affect the resilience of the industrial chain through two possible channels: technological innovation effect and governance system optimization effect. Second, in terms of index construction, based on the analysis of industrial chain resilience in the International Monetary Fund's World Economic Outlook Report, this paper uses the input-output method to construct the index of industrial chain resilience at the country-industry level from the perspective of intermediate input diversification, providing empirical evidence for accurately identifying the industrial chain resilience in various industries and countries. Third, in terms of research data, this paper manually links the multi-regional input-output table(ADB-MRIO)and the International Federation of Robotics(IFR)to form the dataset needed for this research. In addition, the sample interval of this study is from 2007 to 2019. Compared with previous studies using the WIOD input-output table up to 2014, it can better reflect the current new pattern of global economic and trade adjustment and has higher timeliness. The research in this paper helps to explore the possible path to ensure the resilience and safety of the industrial chain, and then provides beneficial theoretical support for achieving high-quality development under the new round of scientific and technological revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, president Xi Jinping has attached great importance to the work of propaganda, ideological and cultural work. He has profoundly summarized the achievements and experience of building a culturally strong nation in the new era, and has deeply contemplated the opportunities and challenges faced by cultural development in the new circumstances. He has put forward numerous new thoughts, new viewpoints, and new judgments in the construction of cultural development, which have formed Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture. Existing literature primarily focuses on exploring the historical process, main content, and original contributions of Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture. However, the research is still in its early stages, and there is room for improvement in terms of theoretical depth and breadth. This paper primarily adopts the methods of literature research and systematic analysis, aiming to comprehensively sort out and systematically analyze a series of important discourses by Xi Jinping on Cultural development. The goal is to conduct an in-depth and specific investigation into the logical generation, core essence, basic characteristics, and contemporary value of Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture. Through these efforts, the aim is to deepen the theoretical interpretation and holistic research of it. Compared to previous literature, this paper innovates in three aspects. Firstly, it analyzes the logical generation of Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture from four perspectives. It argues that these thoughts are based on the theoretical foundation of cultural development by Marxist classic writers, the historical experience of positive achievements in cultural development by the Communist Party of China over the past century, the practical experience of party leadership in cultural development in the new era, and the rich cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. These four aspects together establish a solid foundation for Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture. Secondly, it specifically examines the core essence of Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture. Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture is rich in content and profound in connotation, systematically elucidating a series of contents such as the strategic position of cultural construction in the new era, the new cultural mission, the work orientation and fundamental principles of propaganda, ideological and cultural construction, the road to cultural prosperity, and the important impetus for cultural development, formed a complete scientific system. Thirdly, it summarizes six distinct characteristics of Xi Jinping's cultural thoughts: the unity of party nature and people-oriented approach, the unity of adherence to principles and innovation, the unity of holistic thinking and practicality, the unity of historical confidence and cultural confidence, the unity of national character and global perspective, and the unity of systematic thinking and openness. It argues that the introduction of Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture greatly enriches and develops Marxist cultural theory, provides scientific guidance for the construction of a strong cultural country in the new era, and contributes Chinese wisdom to the development and progress of human civilization. The research conducted in this paper, to a certain extent, enriches the theoretical exploration of Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture. It is beneficial for further clarifying the scientific connotation, practical requirements, and significant implications of Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture. Moreover, it is advantageous for promoting the in-depth and solid implementation of learning and applying Xi Jinping's Thought on Culture throughout the entire Party and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-domain computing power networks wish to integrate computational and data resources from multiple computing centers, but existing methods do not pay enough attention to cross-domain file and data management. In this paper, a lightweight data access scheme for cross-domain computing power networks was proposed: (1) accessing parallel file system storage resources of remote computing centers through file system protocol conversion; (2) local caching as a supplement to cope with high IOPS applications; and (3) mounting remote or local storage to specified directories through container binding technology. The prototype system based on this scheme had been deployed on high-performance computing centers in multiple universities. The measured data and user experience showed that the scheme in this paper could meet the requirements of common high-performance computing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound has been gradually applied to the field of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) due to its unique advantages. This paper summarized the studies related to ultrasound in CSVD, and summarized the relationship between CSVD and various evaluation indicators of vascular ultrasound. What’s more, this paper described the role of ultrasound in the evaluation and diagnosis of multi-system diseases such as heart, brain, and kidney coexisting with CSVD, and provided a theoretical basis for comprehensive and effective evaluation of CSVD by ultrasound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of specialty towns is positioned as an important breakthrough and down-to-theground path in the implementation of China's new-type urbanization strategy. It highlights the roles of placebased industrial specialization and agglomeration economics. In this process, the Chinese government plays a supportive and guiding role in enabling and aligning multiple actors to engage with to build new platforms for innovation and entrepreneurial activities that integrate the functions of production, living, and ecology. The specialty towns construction strategy is aimed at promoting people-based urbanization and the regional ability of endogenous development. Given the "top-down" and standardization-led nature of the specialty towns policy program, implementation and practices at the local level are both challenging and problematic. This paper adopts perspectives and concepts from evolutionary economic geography and agglomeration economics to explore the antecedents and mechanisms of urbanization. It emphasizes the geographical spatiality of the program in local implementation. Taking 134 provincial specialty towns of Zhejiang province as research cases, the paper refers to a mixed set of methodologies of on-site, interview-based fieldwork; an online survey; and a document analysis to identify the historical foundations, industry attributes, and development objectives of the specialty towns. It also generates a typology of the 134 specialty towns, as well as a typological guideline regarding policy intervention for the broader implementation of specialty towns in China. Three main types of specialty towns are identified in our study: The first type is built on the basis of state-led, sci-tech industrial parks/new towns, whose development aims are oriented toward the development of new industrial paths. The second type is based on firm-led specialized markets located in small administrative towns that support the upgrading and renewal of existing local traditional industries. The third type is featured by the local presence of place-specific natural or sociocultural resources, and it is based on scenic spots. It is oriented to the development of the tourism economy. In conclusion, this study promotes the incorporation of evolutionary economic geography perspectives into the policy implementation of specialty towns and calls for taking the concepts of history, space, and place into account for a better understanding of these towns. By so doing, future policy methods will not be standardized, quota-based, and top-down. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lagerstroemia is a native plant in China, which has been cultivated for more than 1 500 years. It is an excellent summer flower woody plant, and is widely used in urban landscaping because of its beautiful color, long flowering period and the advantage of purifying air. The germplasm resources of Lagerstroemia indica are extremely rich. There are about 60 species of Lagerstroemia in the world, 40% of which are in China. The results of national and regional investigations have laid a good foundation for the study of L. indica. In recent years, the cultivation and application of new cultivars have been increased in various regions. The breeding method is mainly traditional breeding, and many new cultivars with good characters and high market value have been cultivated. With the rapid development of breeding technology and molecular biology, a breakthrough has been made in the researches on molecular assisted breeding of L. indica. In this paper, the classification research, germplasm resources, breeding research and introduction and application of L. indica were reviewed. We systematically sorted out the germplasm resources of L. indica in China, including 24 wild species and 350 cultivars, discussed the research process and development trend of breeding of L. indica at home and abroad, and summarized the current situation of introduction and application research. In regard to the current research status of L. indica, this paper offered reflections on future research directions to enhance investigations of L. indica, improve germplasm resource banks, and establish information sharing channels; efforts on breeding should be expanded beyond flower color, fragrance, plant type, resistance and extension of flowering period; and biological and intelligent technologies should be leveraged to strengthen breeding techniques and accelerate innovation in L. indica germplasms. Continuous application forms for L. indica resources should be developed according to local conditions to fully realize their value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] In order to better realize the goal of digital transformation of education and digital transformation of university libraries, university libraries should strengthen the team building of high-level and high-quality librarians, so as to improve librarians' digital literacy levels and serve the independent training mode of high-level talented professionals in universities. Most of the existing digital literacy research studies farmers, college students, and teachers, whereas few studies focus on the digital literacy of librarians in teaching assistant positions. With the gradual deepening of the digital transformation of libraries and the application of educational technology, the improvement of librarians' digital literacy is particularly important. Therefore, this study aims to establish the correlation between educational technology and librarians, and explore the ways to improve librarians' digital literacy from the perspective of educational technology application, in order to fill in the gaps of current research. [Method/Process] Based on the literature analysis and research background at home and abroad, this paper comprehensively explored the connotation of digital literacy, and the connotation and characteristics of educational technology; through the combination of "online + field", this paper reviewed the practical application of educational technology at home and abroad in university libraries from two aspects of similarity and difference, and discussed the necessity and correlation of librarians to improve their digital literacy. From the three aspects of media literacy, data literacy and ethical literacy, the pathway for librarians to improve their digital literacy was constructed. [Results/Conclusions] This paper extracts three important qualities needed in the application of educational technology, and constructs the way to improve the quality of librarians, so as to improve the effective utilization rate of educational technology and find out the position of educational technology in the library service. Due to the realistic factors such as time and research object, this study still remains in the theoretical aspect, and we need further verify our method's feasibility and practicality. In the future, we will further study the influencing factors of how to improve the digital literacy of librarians, and then improve our method of improving the digital literacy of librarians from the aspects of digital literacy education object, education content, education method, education mode and education evaluation, so as to realize the feasibility of our method. educational technology; university libraries; librarian; digital literacy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] Aiming at the semantic missing and incomplete problems in the process of image organization and retrieval, a framework for semantic description of images in social media is proposed to enrich the existing theoretical system of image description, improve the efficiency and utilization of image retrieval, and provide a reference for the realization of the automatic semantic annotation of images. [Method/Process] First, we conducted a survey and analysis of research progress related to image description both domestically and internationally, summarizing the existing theories of image description and annotation, metadata specifications, and related technical methods. Second, based on the image metadata standards and the theory of hierarchical and categorical description of image features, we constructed a semantic description framework for social media images, focusing on seven layers: external feature layer, content layer, object layer, relationship layer, scene layer, event layer, and emotional layer. We also elaborated in detail the various semantic layers and their interrelationships. Finally, we verified the feasibility of the image semantic description framework by describing the examples of character images and landscape images. [Results/Conclusions] The results of the descriptive examples of character images and landscape images indicate that the image semantic description framework can eliminate the "semantic gap" in image description through semantic associations between different layers, and achieve a multi-faceted, multi-dimensional, and multi-level structured and semantic description of the external and content features of images. It has strong portability and flexibility. However, there are also certain limitations and areas for improvement in this paper: 1) Based on the image semantic description framework proposed in this paper, a prototype system based on image annotation needs to be developed; 2) The images posted by users on social media are closely related to the situation, and they are more likely to express emotions. In the future, more research on the semantic layer of images can be conducted based on the text information posted by users; 3) Future research can further explore the application of deep learning in image and text fusion to achieve more accurate event and emotion recognition. By constructing a more complex neural network structure, the event and emotion information in the image can be deeply mined and fused; 4) When describing images, the study should pay attention not only to static visual features, but also to consider the dynamic course of events. Future frameworks could attempt to combine static and dynamic information to provide richer, more vivid descriptions of images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the target search task, considering the existing problems of unreasonable initial distribution of UAVs and poor consistency of start and end time of swarm tasks in the existing coverage path planning algorithms, this paper designs an equal-time tendency region segmentation algorithm based on the initial scenario of realistic UAV cluster centralized deployment. The optimization goal of the algorithm is to minimize the maximum waiting time of individuals in the UAV swarm, and the task time of the UAV is affected by changing the size of the UAV search area. The algorithm has a secondary structure. The first level is the initial coarse segmentation, which solves the problem of too many iterations of boundary points. In the second level, the task time deviation value is used as the adjustment value to ensure the unity of task time. The simulation results show that the algorithm designed in this paper is more suitable for the scene of concentrated UAV delivery. The algorithm successfully reduces the task waiting time between UAV individuals. It facilitates the secondary scheduling of resources and the synchronous execution of multi-order tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]