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【Objective】The aim of this paper is to analyze the genetic diversity of faba bean germplasm resources by transcriptome sequencing and SSR molecular marker technology， and to explore the molecular markers associated with bruchid resistance traits in faba bean. So as to provide a reference basis for the conservation and utilization of bruchid resistance germplasm resources and the selection and breeding of new varieties. 【Method】Transcriptome sequencing of two faba bean varieties Y134 and Y078 was performed by PacBio triple full-length sequencing technology combined with RNA-seq.. Based on this， all Unigene of the transcriptome were searched for Unigene containing SSR core motifs using the software MISA， and primers were designed in batch using Primer 3.0. One hundred pairs of SSR primers were randomly selected for genetic diversity analysis of 80 faba bean germplasm resources. 【Result】Fifty of the 100 SSR primer pairs amplified products， with an effective amplification rate of 50%; 32 of the primer pairs showed polymorphism. They accounted for 64% of the effective products and 32% of the total primers. Among the 32 polymorphic primer pairs， each pair amplified 2 to 21 alleles with an average of 6.875; The polymorphic information content （PIC） values ranged from 0.25 to 0.82 with an average of 0.58; The Shannon’s information index varied from 0.34 to 2.31 with an average of 1.21. Based on UPGMA cluster analysis， the 80 faba bean materials were classified into two major groups at a similarity coefficient of 0.70. The first category contained 65 germplasm， including 62 highly resistant （HR） varieties， 2 highly sensitive （HS） varieties and 1 sensitive （S） variety; The second category contained 15 germplasm， 7 highly susceptible （HS） varieties， 2 sensitive （S） varieties， 5 highly resistant （HR） varieties and 1 moderately resistant （MR） variety. 【Conclusion】The SSR markers developed were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 80 faba bean germplasm resources and to lay the theoretical foundation for research on the identification of faba bean germplasm resources resistant to bean weevil and molecular marker-assisted selection for breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The paper aimed to study the reduction of antibiotic resistance genes（ARGs） in pig manure during composting.【Method】Pig manure and mushroom residue were used as fermentation materials for aerobic composting. On the 1st, 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th, 22nd and 29th day of composting, the multi-point sampling was carried out in upper, middle and lower layers to extract total DNA and construct the library.Macrogenomic sequencing analysis was carried out after quantification and qualified detection.The dynamic changes of ARGs during composting were analyzed by metagenomic sequencing.【Result】A total of 613 ARGs were found during composting, which were resistant to 32 classes of antibiotics.Among them, Penam, Cephalosporin, Aminoglycoside, Fosfomycin, Glycopeptide and Tetracycline was more abundant. This was consistent with the types of antibiotics commonly used in reality.Analysis found two peaks in depletion of ARGs. The first peak appeared at the beginning of the trial, declined rapidly on the 4th day, then reached a second peak on the 12th（control group） and 8th day（experimental group）.With the natural apoptosis of bacteria, the abundance of ARGs dropped to a low value and gradually decreased.【Conclusion】During composting, the ARGs in pig manure decreased in a fluctuating manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to clarify the comprehensive soil fertility status of pitaya orchards in Hainan province, and the spatial distribution and changing trend of soil nutrients in pitaya orchards in Hainan province were analyzed and predicted by means of survey sampling and statistical methods, so as to provide the basis for scientific fertilization and soil management of pitaya orchards.【Method】60 soil samples were collected from pitaya orchards in the main producing areas of Hainan province.Soil pH, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, available copper and available zinc were used as evaluation indicators.Inverse distance weight interpolation method（IDW） was used to analyze the spatial distribution of each index, and used the factor analysis method combined with IDW to evaluate and predict the comprehensive soil fertility of the pitaya orchards in the survey area.【Result】The orchard soil in the survey area was neutral and slightly acidic, and 50% of the soil samples, pH were lower than 6.5; The organic matter content was moderately low, and some areas of Ledong and Sanya were insufficient; The average value of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen was only 79.17 mg/kg, and the soil in the survey area was relatively lack of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen; The content of available phosphorus and available potassium were both high, and the average available phosphorus was 119.06 mg/kg, far exceeding its environmental risk threshold（60 mg/kg）; Orchards in the survey area the content of trace elements in the soil was relatively abundant. The IDW prediction map showed that the content of trace elements in Dongfang and Lingshui was high, and the content of Ledong and Sanya was low; Based on the analysis of the comprehensive score IFI, the results of the comprehensive fertility prediction of pitaya orchards in the entire study area using IDW showed that the eastern part of the study area, the comprehensive soil fertility of the orchards in the eastern and western regions of the study area was relatively high, while the soil comprehensive fertility of the orchards in the central part of Ledong and Sanya was relatively low.【Conclusion】The pitaya orchards in Ledong and Sanya still need to increase the input of organic fertilizers or increase the application of lime to improve the soil pH and supplement the medium and trace elements; The orchards in the survey area need to increase the input of nitrogen fertilizer and control the application of phosphate fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the effects of different proportions of red and blue light on flower bud differentiation of ‘Red Globe’ grape in facilities, and to solve the problem of poor flower bud differentiation of ‘Red Globe’ grape caused by low light environment in facilities.【Method】Taking ‘Red Globe’ grape as experimental material, without light supplement as control（CK）, the effects of red and blue light on flower bud differentiation were explored by LED light treatment of red（R）, blue（B）, red and blue 2∶1（R2B1）, red and blue 4∶1（R4B1） and red and blue 6∶1（R6B1）, together with the study of histology, physiological indexes and floral gene expression.【Result】Different proportions of red and blue significantly affected flower bud differentiation and flower related gene expression of facility ‘Red Globe’ grape.R4B1 and R6B1 treatments significantly increased the flowering rate of ‘Red Globe’ grape in greenhouse.Among them, under R4B1 treatment, the flower bud differentiation rate was fast, and the flowering rate was the highest, reaching 66% in the fifth section. The contents of carbohydrate, soluble protein and flavonoid in leaves increased, and the flowering genes VvFUL, VvFT, VvAG, VvAP1, VvAP2, VvSOC1 and VvSPL10 were up-regulated, while VvLFY and VvFLC were down-regulated.The correlation analysis between flowering genes and flowering rate showed that the flowering rate under R4B1 treatment was positively correlated with the expression levels of VvFUL, VvFT, VvAG and VvSPL10, and VvAP1 was positively correlated with VvFT, and negatively correlated with VvAP2 and VvAP3.VvFLC was negatively correlated with VvAG, and VvFT was positively correlated with VvAP2, VvSOC1 and VvSPL10.Network interaction analysis showed that the presentation and total correlation of VvAP1, VAP2 and VvSOC1 were high, and VvAP1, VvAP2, VvSOC1 and VvLFY were the critical nodes of flowering gene interaction.【Conclusion】R4B1 treatment significantly increased leaf nutrient accumulation and floral gene expression in the ‘Red Globe’ grape and promoted flower bud differentiation. These results can provide a reference for further understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms of red and blue light regulating flower bud differentiation of ‘Red Globe’ grape, and provide a theoretical basis for improving flower bud differentiation of ‘Red Globe’ grape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper investigated the effects of ABA on the fruit quality of cucumber to offer operation instruction and theoretical basis in the fruit improvement via exogenous ABA.【Method】Huabei cucumber variety ‘Chuancui No.13’ was used as materials and the method of foliar spraying was used. The effects of spraying different concentration of ABA（0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μmol/L） on the soluble sugar, ascorbic acid and flavor substance trans-2,cis-6-Nonadienal of the cucumber fruit were studied.【Result】Foliar spraying 50-200 μmol/L ABA promoted the accumulation of soluble sugar and ascorbic acid content, but decreased the content of flavor substance. Foliar spraying 400 μmol/L ABA decreased the ascorbic acid content significantly. To further analyze mechanism of ABA influencing the quality of cucumber, RNA-seq was performed to analyze the cucumber fruit. A total of 169 differentially expression genes（DEGs, 94 genes were up-regulated, and 75 genes were down-regulated） were found after the foliar ABA application in the cucumber fruit compared to the control.Gene ontology（GO） enrichment showed that multiple DEGs were involved in transcription regulation and regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process.KEGG pathway enrichment showed that most DEGs participated in biosynthesis and hormone signaling pathway, suggesting that exogenous ABA affected cucumber fruit quality via macromolecule biosynthesis and hormone signaling pathway. In addition, expression level of 44 transcription factors was influenced by exogenous ABA application, including TFs from families of bHLH, bZIP, FAR1, MYB and NAC.【Conclusion】The research investigated effect of foliar spraying ABA on quality and transcriptome profiling changes of cucumber fruit and proposed that exogenous ABA affected genes expression at transcription levels to positively regulate soluble sugar and ascorbic acid content and negatively regulate accumulation of flavor substance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】In recent years, the wheat in Sichuan province is threatened by Fusarium head blight（FHB） or scab as changes in climate and farming practices.The present paper aimed to obtain the genetic resources of resistance to FHB in Sichuan wheat varieties, and breed wheat for resistance to FHB.【Method】In the research, 156 wheat varieties or high-generation lines with moderate resistance to FHB were identified by soil surface inoculation.The resistance gene composition of these wheat varieties was detected by molecular markers of FHB resistance genes Fhb1, Fhb2, Fhb4 and Fhb5, as well as some stripe rust resistance genes and powdery mildew resistance gene.【Result】Through molecular detection of disease resistance genes, it was found that 20yin979 and 20jian2506-10 contained the FHB resistance genes Fhb1 and Fhb5, respectively. For stripe rust resistance genes detection, 4, 63, 9, 3 and 14 wheat materials containing the Yr5, Yr15, Yr18, Yr26 and YrAs2388 were detected, respectively. And the distribution frequencies of rust resistance genes Yr5, Yr15, Yr18, Yr26 and YrAs2388 were 2.56%, 40.38%, 5.77%, 1.92% and 8.97%, respectively. A total of 44 materials containing the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 were detected, and the distribution frequency in the tested materials was 28.21%.The distribution of resistance genes showed that 122 materials contained at least one resistance gene.Among them, 6 materials contained both strip rust and powdery mildew resistance genes, 9 materials contained 2 strip rust resistance genes, and the remaining 106 materials contained only 1 resistance gene. The only material 20jian2506-10 contained three resistance genes of FHB, stripe rust and powdery mildew.【Conclusion】These results indicate that Sichuan wheat lacks FHB resistance resources with explicit genetic background.Therefore, Sichuan wheat FHB resistance breeding should strengthen the introduction of known resistance resources while making full use of the local FHB resistance resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to analyze the effects of endophytic fungus Y118 on the growth promotion and quality of its host, Zanthoxylum nitidum（Rox.） DC,so as to provide a reference for improving comprehensive benefits of Z.nitidum.【Method】Z.nitidum plants were cultured with endophytic fungus Y118 solid fermentation medium.The growth indexes（fresh weight, plant height, stem base width, stem middle width and fresh and dry weight of roots, stems and leaves） of Z.nitidum plants were measured at different growth stages.The contents of nitrine chloride and chelidonine in roots of Z.nitidum were determined by chromatographic method.【Result】After 3 months of culture, the fresh weight, plant height, stem base width and stem middle width of the fungus Y118 treatment group were 34.76 g, 34.47 cm, 6.54 mm and 4.25 mm, respectively, which were extremely significantly higher than those of the control group（P＜0.01,the same as below）.The fresh weight and dry weight of roots, stems and leaves were significantly increased（P＜0.05,the same as below） or extremely significantly increased.After 6 months of culture, the fresh weight and plant height of Z.nitidum were 68.33 g and 47.85 cm, respectively, which were extremely significantly higher than control group. The fresh weight and dry weight of roots, stems and leaves were extremely significantly increased. After 9 months of culture, the fresh weight, plant height and stem base width of Z.nitidum treated with fungus Y118 were 73.80 g, 49.22 cm and 9.79 mm, respectively, which were extremely significantly higher than those of the control group. The fresh weight and dry weight of roots, stems and leaves were extremely significantly increased. After 12 months of culture, the fresh weight of Z.nitidum in Y118 treatment group was 78.71 g, which was extremely significantly higher than control group, and the fresh and dry weight of root, stem and leaf were significantly increased or extremely significant. After 9 and 12 months of co-culture, Z.nitidum alkali content in fungus Y118 treatment group was 0.783 and 0.904 mg/g, respectively, which increased by 42.11% and 44.18% compared with the control group. The content of chelidonine at 9 and 12 months of co-culture were 3.704 and 4.201 mg/g, respectively, which increased by 40.73% and 26.57% compared with the control.【Conclusion】Inoculation of endophytic fungus Y118 could significantly or extremely significantly increase the fresh weight, plant height, stem base width and stem middle width of Z.nitidum seedlings, which was beneficial to promote the growth and development of Z.nitidum seedlings, and could improve the fresh and dry weight and quality of roots, stems and leaves. It can provide the basis for the field production test of Z.nitidum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】Through exploring the chlorophyll content SPAD value and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of the leaves of 57NG208 F1 generation germplasm of Saccharum robustum, the purpose of the present paper is to lay a foundation for the breeding of sugarcane with the germplasm of S. robustum with high light-use-efficiency varieties or parents. 【Method】The F1 population of S. robustum 57NG208 was used as the test material, and the portable SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter and portable fluorescence meter（PAM-2500） were used. Correlation and cluster analyses were carried out for SPAD value representing chlorophyll content, initial fluorescence（Fo）, maximum fluorescence（Fm）, maximum photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm）, actual photochemical efficiency Y（Ⅱ）, non-photochemical quenching coefficient（NPQ） and photochemical quenching coefficient（qP）. 【Result】The difference of 8 photosynthetic indexes in 120 germplasm materials of sugarcane leaves was highly significant; The results of correlation analysis showed that the potential photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fo） was positively correlated with the maximum photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm）, the photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient（qP） and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching coefficient（NPQ） were negatively correlated, the Y（Ⅱ） value was positively correlated with the SPAD value of chlorophyll content, and the rest of indexes were positively correlated. Based on the Y（Ⅱ） value of the actual photochemical efficiency of 120 germplasm materials, the samples were divided into three categories: Namely low light energy conversion efficiency type（class Ⅰ）, medium light energy conversion efficiency type（class Ⅱ）, and high light energy conversion efficiency type（class Ⅲ）. 【Conclusion】In 120 germplasm F1 of S.robustum 57NG208, thirteen materials, which were Yunrui 19-8-43, Yunrui 19-8-54, Yunrui 19-8-62, Yunrui 19-8-64, Yunrui 19-8-106, Yunrui 19-8-44, Yunrui 19-8-2, Yunrui 19-8-108, Yunrui 19-8-38, Yunrui 19-8-57, Yunrui 19-8-26, Yunrui 19-8-50, Yunrui 19-8-107, belonged to high light efficiency germplasm, that should be used as germplam pool for breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to establish the evaluation method of heat resistance of leek resources, select heat-resistant leek varieties, and solve the problem of shortage of heat-resistant leek varieties in Guangxi.【Method】Taking three kinds of local germplasm resources of leek（marked as A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I, respectively） of Guangxi large leaf leek, wide leaf leek and thin leaf leek collected from the general survey of germplasm resources by Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs（2015-2020） as test materials, the changes of the maximum growth length of leek leaves, the newly increased aboveground biomass and the contents of chlorophyll, proline and malondialdehyde after 7 days of high temperature stress at 38 ℃ were measured. Combined with field natural high temperature stress（field group） actual heat resistance performance, the heat resistance of different types of leek was comprehensively evaluated by multivariate statistical analysis（variance analysis, principal component analysis, membership function method and cluster analysis） methods.【Result】Under high temperature stress of 38 ℃,the maximum leaf growth length and the newly increased biomass of 9 leek germplasms of the three types in Guangxi were extremely significantly decreased compared with their proper temperature control（CK）（P＜0.01）.The largest decline was the type of large-leaved leek, and the smallest decline was the type of fine-leaved leek. Chlorophyll content decreased to different degrees, of which the largest decline was the type of leek with large leaves, and the smallest decline was the type of leek with thin leaves. The content of MDA increased to different degrees, of which the largest increase was the type of leek with large leaves, and the smallest increase was the type of leek with thin leaves. Pro content increased to different degrees, of which, the largest increase was the type of leek with thin leaves, and the smallest increase was the type of leek with large leaves. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the heat tolerance of the three kinds of local leek germplasm resources of leek in Guangxi was ranked as follows: leek with thin leaves＞leek with broad leaves＞leek with large leaves. Germplasm G（No.2016451159） and Germplasm I（No.2016453604） had the strongest heat tolerance among the nine leek germplasms, and Germplasm C（No.SC20191200） had the weakest heat tolerance.【Conclusion】The maximum growth length of leaves, new aboveground biomass and the content of chlorophyll, Pro and MDA contents were used as the evaluation indicators of heat tolerance of leek germplasm resources, the heat tolerance of three kinds of leek germplasm resources in Guangxi can be ranked as follows: Leek with thin leaves＞ leek with broad leaves＞leek with large leaves by variance analysis, principal component analysis, membership function and cluster analysis. Germplasm G and germplasm I were determined to be more heat-resistant, while germplasm C was the least heat-resistant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to study the saline-alkaline stress on the content of lignin, chlorophyll, as well as the genes expression levels in lignin and chlorophyll biosynthetic pathways, to provide a theoretical reference for revealing the molecular response mechanism of maize in response to saline-alkaline stress and cultivating new saline-alkaline-resistant maize varieties.【Method】Corn seedlings were treated with saline-alkali stress, and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing was conducted.The chlorophyll and lignin content were detected.【Result】In total, 39 722 genes were identified, including 5659 differentially expressed genes.The differentially expressed genes were mainly annotated in carbon metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism pathways.Under saline-alkaline stress, the chlorophyll content and lignin content were reduced by 30.45% and 31.26%, both H-type and S-type monolignol reduced, while G-type monolignol increased.The analysis of the relationship between gene expression level and component content showed that, the down-regulation of chlorophyll/bacteriochlorophyll synthase, and up-regulation of chlorophyllase and chlorophyll（ide） b reductase led to the reduction in chlorophyll content.The 161 DEGs in ‘phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’ pathway may cause the variation in lignin and monolignol content.【Conclusion】Saline-alkalines reduce the total lignin content mainly by inhibiting the biosynthesis of H-type and S-type monolignol.Saline-alkaline reduces the chlorophyll content probably by down-regulated chlorophyll/bacteriochlorophyll synthase genes, and up-regulated chlorophyllase and chlorophyll（ide） b reductase genes.Overall, the study provides a theoretical basis for improving saline-alkaline resistance and controlling lignin content of maize by molecular breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore which proportion of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combined with drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration in the Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area can promote the accumulation and transfer of spring maize dry matter in Yinchuan Plain, and its effects on fertilizer utilization rate and yield, so as to provide a basis for the integration of drip irrigation water and fertilizer for spring maize in the Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area. 【Method】The experiment was carried out in the Yinchuan Plain of the Yellow River Irrigation Area from 2019 to 2020. The maize variety Yinyu 274 was used as the material. The conventional application rates of local nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were 417 and 142.50 kg/hm². The conventional application rate of 70% nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was 291.90 and 99.75 kg/hm2. The conventional application rates of 130% nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer were 542.10 and 185.25 kg/hm2. Six treatments with different proportions of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were set up as T1 （N 0, P 0）, T2 （N 100%, P 70%）, T3 （N 100%, P 100%）, T4 （N 70%, P 100%）, T5 （N 130%, P100%）, T6 （N 100%, P 130%）. The effects of different ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus combined application on the dry matter accumulation, dry matter transport, grain contribution rate, nutrient utilization rate and yield of maize under drip irrigation, water and fertilizer integration were analyzed.【Result】The combined application of nitrogen fertilizer 291.9 kg/hm2 and phosphorus fertilizer 142.50 kg/hm² under the combined application of six kinds of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers had the best overall effect. The absorption of phosphorus and nitrogen by maize was significantly higher than that of other treatments. The nutrient requirements of maize throughout its growth period were satisfied. Compared with other treatments, the dry matter accumulation increased by 6.28%-22.90%, and the dry matter transport and grain contribution rate increased by 4.60%-11.10%. Compared with conventional combined application, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, phosphate fertilizer utilization rate, nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity and phosphate fertilizer partial productivity were significantly increased by 52.23%, 18.92%, 57.07% and 9.95% in T4 treatment. It can also significantly improve the corn ear formation rate, the number of grains per ear, and the weight of 100 kernels, thereby increasing the yield. The yield could be increased by 8.34%-9.95% compared with the conventional nitrogen and phosphorus application, and the maximum yield was 21 916.39 kg/hm².【Conclusion】The combined application of nitrogen fertilizer 291.90 kg/hm² and phosphorus fertilizer 142.50 kg/hm² under drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration in the Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area can significantly increase the dry matter accumulation before and after flowering, and improve the dry matter transport, transport rate and contribution to seeds, and improve N fertilizer utilization, phosphorus fertilizer utilization and N fertilizer bias productivity, thus increasing maize yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to analyze the relationship between maize rhizosphere soil and maize growth and development under different continuous cropping years, and discuss the effects of continuous cropping on the growth and development of maize and the physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil.【Method】The agronomic characters of maize, the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil and the enzyme activities of maize were measured in Xinglong Village, Shajing Town, Ganzhou District, Zhangye City, Gansu Province, respectively for 1, 5, 11, 25 and 50 years of continuous cropping. The variance analysis of the experimental data was carried out using SPSS22.0 software.【Result】Hydrolyzable nitrogen decreased first and then increased with the extension of continuous cropping years, and available phosphorus, available potassium and pH increased first and then decreased with the extension of continuous cropping years; The activities of S-SC, S-UE, S-AKP/ALP and S-CAT in the rhizosphere soil of maize under different continuous cropping years were significantly different, all of which increased first and then decreased with the extension of continuous cropping years; The effects of continuous cropping on the aboveground biological characteristics of maize were significantly different. Among them, the growth of maize in rotation for one year was relatively uniform, and the chlorophyll content was high. The photosynthesis of maize in continuous cropping for 11 years was the strongest, the root system was well developed, the hairy root was long, and the distribution was uniform on the main root; Soil available phosphorus, available potassium, weak alkaline soil, S-AKP/ALP and S-SC could promote the root development of maize.【Conclusion】Continuous cropping leads to the decline of corn agronomic traits, the loss of available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil, the enrichment of hydrolytic nitrogen, and the acidification of the soil. Soil available phosphorus, available potassium, weak alkaline soil, S-AKP/ALP and S-SC can promote the development of maize roots. The increase of hydrolytic nitrogen, soil urease （S-UE） and soil catalase （S-CAT） was not conducive to maize root development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The advantages of several classifiers were combined to improve the accuracy of crop information extraction from remote sensing images.【Method】The paper took Weiku Oasis as the research area, used the domestic GF-2 data and field survey data, and formulated different classification schemes based on the extracted remote sensing identification features.Five traditional machine learning methods as Mahalanobis distance (MsDC), minimum distance (MDC), maximum likelihood (MLC), neural network (NNC), and support vector machine (SVM) were used to classify the images of the six feature combination schemes.Then the base classifier was selected, and two multi-classifier integration algorithms, the majority voting method and the conservative voting method were applied to finely classify and extract the crops in the study area.【Result】 (i) The additional auxiliary features significantly improved the accuracy of sub-classifiers.Among the five classifiers, except MLC, the other four classifiers achieved the highest accuracy after adding NDVI and texture features. (ii) The most accurate base classifier was NNC-4 (the fourth feature combination scheme of artificial neural network), with OA reaching 83.54% and Kappa coefficient of 0.77. (iii) Compared with the base classifiers, the multi-classifier ensemble method could improve the extraction accuracy of crops in both producer’s accuracy and user’s accuracy.And the conservative voting method was better than the majority voting method, with OA being 85.89% and Kappa coefficient being 0.80. (iv) In the integrated classification results, except that the recognition accuracy of cotton was equal to the optimal base classifier NNC-4, reaching 94.94%, the recognition accuracy of other crops such as interplanted cotton, corn, interplanted corn and walnut orchards was higher than that of NNC-4.Among them, the extraction accuracy of interplanted corn and walnut orchard was better, with the accuracy reaching 86.05% and 79.09% respectively; The extraction of interplanted cotton was poor, only 63.86%; The extraction of corn was the worst, only 12.17%.【Conclusion】In the study, the GF-2 data was applied, and the multi-classifier ensemble method was used to conduct fine extraction research on various crops and planting structures under complex backgrounds, which expanded the direction of crop information extraction and the application field of GF-2 data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The paper aimed to express the NS1 and VP2 proteins of chicken parvovirus（ChPV） in prokaryotes and prepare polyclonal antibodies against them, which would provide material basis for further study of the protein structure and function of chicken parvovirus（ChPV） and provide materials for the establishment of serological diagnostic methods. 【Method】In the study, the sequences of NS1 and VP2 gene of chicken parvovirus GX-Ch-PV-21 strain were synthesized. The prokaryotic recombinant expression vectors pET-32a-NS1 and pET-32a-VP2 were constructed, and the correct recombinant plasmids were transformed into transsetta competent cells for prokaryotic expression. The expression conditions were optimized, and the expressions of NS1 and VP2 proteins were identified by SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting. The expression products were immunized to SPF chickens to obtain polyclonal antibodies. The titer of chicken polyclonal antibodies was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）,and the polyclonal antibodies were identified by Western-blotting and indirect immunofluorescence assay（IFA）. 【Result】SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the size of NS1 and VP2 protein bands was about 104 and 87 kD,respectively, which was consistent with the expected size. The optimal induction conditions were screened for the recombinant plasmids pET-32a-VP2 and pET-32a-NS1. The results showed that the optimal induction conditions for the expression of NS1 protein were as follows: The final concentration of isopropyl 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside（IPTG） was 1. 0 mmol/mL and the expression was induced overnight at 16 ℃. The optimal conditions for the induction of VP2 protein expression were as follows: The final IPTG concentration was 0. 8 mmol/mL and the expression was induced overnight at 20 ℃. The soluble analysis showed that both NS1 and VP2 proteins mainly existed in the form of inclusion bodies. The titers of polyclonal antibodies against NS1 and VP2 by indirect ELISA were 1∶10 240 000. Western-blotting analysis showed that His tag protein and its corresponding chicken polyclonal antibody could specifically bind to NS1 and VP2 proteins. The IFA analysis showed that both VP2 and NS1 polyclonal antibodies could specifically bind to ChPV. 【Conclusion】In the study, the NS1 and VP2 proteins of chicken parvovirus were successfully expressed, and the chicken anti-polyclonal antibody was successfully prepared, which provided material basis for further study of the structure and function of chicken parvovirus protein and materials for the establishment of serological diagnostic methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the impact of organic and inorganic combined application on the organic carbon composition, carbon bank management index and organic carbon functional group of tobacco planting soil in Wuxi county, so as to provide reference for improving the quality of tobacco planting soil and reasonable fertilization. [Method] Four treatments were set up under the condition of constant nitrogen input in field experiment: chemical fertilizer（CF）, chemical fertilizer with mushroom slag organic fertilizer（CMO）, chemical fertilizer with high carbon-based fertilizer（CHB）, and chemical fertilizer with biological organic fertilizer（CBO）. The effect of organic and inorganic application on soil carbon reservoir was studied by measuring total organic carbon and active carbon functional group structure using Fourier infrared spectrometry（FTIR）. [Result] （i） Compared with single organic fertilizer, the soil supplemented with organic fertilizer was slightly increased, and there was no significant difference between the treatments, significantly increased the output value on flue-cured tobacco leaf;（ii） The DOC, MBC content of the soil active carbon bank treated with organic fertilizer was significantly higher than that of single chemical fertilizer treatment. Among them, CMO treatment showed the largest increase in soil DOC content, thus being 67. 13%, 12. 84%, and 28. 54% higher than CF, CHB, CBO, respectively. CBO treatment showed the most increase in soil MBC content, with soil MBC content increasing 42. 32% compared to CF and CHB treatment showing 11. 43% higher soil EOC compared to CF;（iii）Among the three organic fertilizers, the DOC distribution of DOC, CMO, CBO, EOC, and the carbon bank management index of CHB treatment was significantly greater than CF and CMO;（iv） The structure difference of each treated organic carbon functional group was small, which mainly included phenols, aromatic hydrocarbons, olefins and mesamides. The relative peak area at 1634 cm-1 was associated significantly positively with soil MBC content, and that at 468 cm-1 was associated significantly negatively with soil TOC content. [Conclusion] Compared with single organic fertilizer, soil organic residue organic fertilizer significantly improved soil DOC and MBC content and high carbon-based fertilizer significantly improved soil EOC content and carbon bank management index. Short-term organic and inorganic distribution had little impact on organic carbon functional groups. However, the peaks at 1634 and 468 cm-1 were significantly associated with the soil TOC and MBC content. At the same time, organic-inorganic fertilizer significantly increased the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the effect of physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil on quality of Coptis deltoidea C. Y. Cheng et Hsiao and further to provide scientific basis for ecological planting of C. deltoidea. [Method] Eighteen soil physicochemical indexes and six alkaloids of C. deltoidea were determined by soil agrochemical analysis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) . Meanwhile, correlation analysis and redundancy analysis were used to reveal the relationship between physico-chemical properties of soil and the accumulation of alkaloids in C. deltoidea. [Result] The total contents of 6 alkaloids in taproots of C. deltoidea that grew for two to five years old were 3. 716%, 5. 720%, 8. 552% and 8. 866%, respectively, and the contents of berberine were 1. 779%, 3. 620%, 5. 469% and 5. 706%, respectively, which indicated that the four-year-old C. deltoidea had met the harvesting standard. The correlation analysis of alkaloids and soil factors in the taproot of C. deltoidea showed that total amount of 6 alkaloids and berberine content were significantly positively correlated with available potassium (P＜0. 05), and significantly negatively correlated with nitrate nitrogen and sodium (P＜0. 01) . And a significant negative correlation was also seen between sodium and rhizobine (P＜0. 01) . There was significant negative correlation between coptidine and copper (P＜0. 05), and extremely significant negative correlation between coptidine and sodium (P ＜0. 01) . Finally, according to the redundancy analysis of alkaloids in taproot and soil factors, the contents of available phosphorus, available potassium and sodium in soil were the dominant factors affecting the accumulation of alkaloids in C. deltoidea, while ammonium nitrogen and pH were the more important factors. [Conclusion] In the process of planting C. deltoidea, high-quality soil environmental conditions can be selected from the planting source, that is, the soil with high nitrogen and potassium, low phosphorus and sodium and acidic pH can be selected. Moreover, the alkaloid content of C. deltoidea can be regulated by adding potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer, controlling the application amount of phosphate fertilizer and reducing the content of sodium in the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the effects of different leaf numbers and curing methods on the safety and aroma quality of cigar filler leaves. [Method] The traditional cigar filler variety Shiyan No. 1 was used as the material, and the remaining leaves were 14 and 18 leaves per plant, the curing methods were air-cured and sun-cured. The content of TSNAs and their precursors of the samples before and after curing were determined, as well as neutral aroma component content and sensory quality. [Result] (i) When 14 leaves were left, the leaf thickness, unit area leaf weight and single leaf weight of cigar filler leaves were significantly higher than the treatment with 18 leaves per plant. The tolerable tensile force was also larger, which was more than 10% higher than the 18 leaves treatment. The number of remaining leaves contributed significantly to the changes in physical characteristics of the cigar filler leaves. (ii) The content of TSNAs precursors in cigar filler with 14 leaves per plant was higher. On this basis, the alkaloids content of sun-cured tobacco leaves was the highest. The change of nitrite content in cigar filler was mainly affected by the curing methods, and the air-cured tobacco leaves were higher than that after sun-cured. The number of remaining leaves had a greater contribution to the change of TSNAs content in cigar filler, and the remaining 14 leaves treatment were significantly higher than the remaining 18 tobacco leaves. In addition, leaves after air-cured had the highest TSNAs content, which was 1722. 62 ng/g. (iii) The total amount of carotenoid degradation products, aromatic amino acid degradation products, and browning reaction products of the remaining 18 tobacco leaves after air-cured were higher than those after sun-cured. (iv) The sensory evaluation results showed that the cigar style of the cigar filler leaves under the condition of 18 leaves left and air-cured system was more prominent. Apart from this, the aroma quality was better, the odor was lighter, the aftertaste was better, and the irritation was less. [Conclusion] Shifang traditional cigar filler leaves have a harmonious chemical composition, good aroma components and excellent smoking quality under the condition of 18 leaves left and air-cured, which is conducive to achieving high quality and low harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectiv] The present paper aimed to study the changes of photosynthetic performance at different stages during the whole growth period after summer flooding, and to reveal the adaptation mechanism of photosynthetic performance of the Salix variegata Franch populations to the changes of aquatic ecological environment, so as to provide scientific basis for the protection and utilization of this species. [Method] In the study, the S. variegata Franch populations in Guanzhou Island, downstream of the Three Gorges Dam, were used as the test materials. By using the method of field investigation and measurement, different gradient measurement times were set: at the initial stage of exposure (exposure for 60 days）, every 10 days, and at the early, middle and late stages of the whole growth period (exposure for 50 days, 110 days and 170 days）, the photosynthetic performance of the plants were measured respectively, in order to reveal the effects of artificial regulation of rivers on the photosynthetic performance of plant populations and plant growth. [Result] The photosynthetic performance of the S. variegata populations recovered rapidly during the early exposing stage under the regulated water level fluctuation pattern. The photosynthetic rate (Pn）, stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of plants increased significantly with the growth recovery process. The characteristic values of light response curves including the maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pn max), apparent quantum efficiency (AQY) and photosynthetic pigment content also increased rapidly. The photosynthetic performance of the populations ranked the highest at the early growth stage, followed by the late and middle growth stage in the whole growth period. The net photosynthetic rate increased by 59. 39% and 30. 77% compared with that of the middle and late growth stages, respectively. A similar trend of variation in the characteristic values of light response curve and photosynthetic pigment content was also observed. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the related parameters of photosynthetic performance of S. variegata populations were significantly correlated with soil water content, and the transpiration rate and carotenoid content were significantly correlated with water level. [Conclusion] The decrease of soil water content and exposing time caused by the river regulation by the large-scale water conservancy and hydropower projects had a serious impact on the photosynthetic performance of S. variegata populations, and further affected the growth of the populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the inhibition effect of raspberry pulp oil on ultraviolet B (UVB) induced photoaging of human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) . [Method] The raspberry pulp oil was extracted by supercritical CO2 and its chemical compositions were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) .The photoaging model was established by UVB, the cell viability of HaCaT cells were determined by CCK-8 method, and the concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), Collagen type 1 (COL1A1), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), Thioredoxin (Trx) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and microplate assay. [Result] The analysis of GC-MS showed that raspberry pulp oil consisted of 53 chemical components, mainly including fatty acids, ester of fatty acid, tocopherols, and phytosterols.Oleic acid, linoleic acid, ethyl Z-9-oleate, vitamin E and sterol were closely associated with inhibition effects of raspberry pulp oil on photoaging of UVB-induced HaCaT cells.Compared with the model group, raspberry pulp oil significantly improved the cell viability of photodamaged HaCaT cells induced by UVB (P＜0.01) and showed in a does-dependent manner.In addition, raspberry pulp oil significantly increased concentrations of COL1A1 and reduced the concentrations of MMP-3 to promote skin elasticity (P＜0.05, P＜0.01), reduced the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α to alleviate the inflammatory response (P＜0.05, P＜0.01), increased the contents of Trx and SOD to improve skin oxidative stability (P＜0.05, P＜0.01) in the UVB-induced photodamaged HaCaT cells. [Conclusion] Raspberry pulp oil exhibits good anti-photoaging activity probably by alleviating inflammatory reactions, easing the degradation of extracellular matrix components and reducing oxidative stress in the photodamaged HaCaT cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze the effects of sowing date and film mulching on yield and quality of direct seeding winter rapeseed to provide a theoretical basis for suitable sowing and high-yielding cultivation of winter rapeseed in dryland in southwest China. [Method] A two-factor completely randomized block design was adopted to explore the effect of sowing date(20th September, 30th September, 10th October, 20th October, 30th October, 10th November, 20th November) and film mulching (film mulching and no film mulching) on field soil temperature, dry matter accumulation, agronomic characteristics, yield and quality of Chuanyou 36. [Result] Film mulching effectively increased the 0-20 cm soil temperature, dry matter accumulation, plant height, length of main inflorscence and effective pods, thereby increasing rapeseed yield by 3.61%-44.47%, which was more obvious with the delay of sowing date. However, the sowing date delayed longer, dry matter accumulation and agronomic traits of rapeseed decreased significantly. The regression equation showed that the rapeseed yield rose first and then declined with the delay of sowing date, which had a significant polynomial relationship with sowing date. The optimal sowing date for rapeseed was 10th October, which was 2.13%, 47.97%, 74.19% and 136.64% higher than 30th September, 30th October, 10th November and 20th November, respectively. In addition, the delay of sowing date effectively reduced the content of linolenic acid, erucic acid and glucosinolates in rapeseed, but also reduced the oil content, while film mulching effectively decreased the difference in rapeseed quality resulted from the delay of sowing date. [Conclusion] 30th September to 10th October was a suitable sowing date for high yield of direct seeding rapeseed in dry land in southwest China, and a proper delay of the sowing period in combination with film mulching technology was more conducive to achieving goals of high yield, efficiency and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to establish a BP (Back propagation) neural network (BPNN) automatic recognition system to achieve the standardization and quantification of flue-cured tobacco browning. 【Method】Taken the upper tobacco leaves of Yunyan 87 as a sample, scanning to obtain characteristic information such as tobacco leaf color, established a BP neural network to identify the degree of browning of flue-cured tobacco, and output the discrimination results, and compared the similarity with the results of artificially discriminating the browning of flue-cured tobacco as a reference. Through the analysis and comparison of appearance quality, conventional chemical composition, polyphenol content, TSNAs content and sensory quality changes, the accuracy of the BP neural network automatic recognition system and manual recognition results were veriofied.【Result】Establishing the BP neural network model could accurately identify tobacco browning level, and its recognition accuracy was 98.75%.There was no significant different among grading tobacco appearance quality, routine chemical compositions, polyphenol content, the content of TSNAs and sensory quality of change and the artificial recognition (P＜0.05).Which provided objective evaluation method for noise smoke, and the availability of tobacco leaves with different browning degrees was effectively distinguished.【Conclusion】The accuracy of the BP neural network recognition system for identifying the degree of tobacco browning is close to that of manual recognition. The BP neural network automatic recognition system can be used to replace manual recognition, which provides a reference for promoting the construction of tobacco BP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The study aimed to explore the ecological security pattern of Kashi region to provide ecological guarantee for regional ecological security protection and sustainable development of oasis region. 【Method】The paper analyzed and identified ecological source sites based on Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis model and landscape connectivity, applied Minimal Cumulative Resistance model and gravity model to identify and analyze ecological corridors connecting each ecological source site, and combined ecological break-point identification and ecological network analysis to enhance the regional ecological security pattern.【Result】 (i) The ecological patches in Kashi had a high area share and a good ecological safety foundation, but the large number of patches and large area differences led to a large fragmentation of ecological patches and a large ecological safety potential. (ii) The distribution of ecological patches, ecological source sites and core ecological source sites formed an obvious differentiated zoning, and 16 core ecological source sites were finally identified. (iii) 66 ecological corridors with a total length of 5693.356 kilometers were identified, and their role of connecting ecological source sites was good. (iv) The ecological security pattern of 'one source, one corridor, two zones, two belts, three cores and three axes' was proposed, which provided the priority for ecological security protection. 【Conclusion】The construction and restoration of ecological security pattern in Kashi prefecture was of great significance to regional ecological security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to investigate the effects of foliar spraying of different concentrations of urea on light energy utilization, physiological resistance, berry quality and yeast assimilable nitrogen in wine grapes during the color change of wine grapes in the wine production area of the eastern Helan Mountains.【Method】A combination of field trials and indoor analysis was conducted with the wine grape variety 'Cabernet Sauvignon' as the test material in a randomized block design. Urea was sprayed three times at 0‰, 1‰, 1.5‰, 2‰, 2.5‰, 3‰ and 3.5‰ during the color change of grapes, and the related indexes of physiology, quality and yeast assimilable nitrogen of wine grapes were measured, and the results were analyzed by ANOVA and significance test.【Result】During the color change of wine grapes, foliar nitrogen supplementation at appropriate levels significantly improved the berry quality of wine grapes. With the increase of urea concentration, the photosynthetic efficiency, physiology and berry quality of wine grape leaves showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The best results for net photosynthetic rate, carotenoids, superoxide dismutase and tannin content of grape leaves were obtained at 2.0‰ concentration spray. They were significantly increased by 36.10%, 38.46%, 14.65% and 19.51%, respectively, compared with the control treatment. Spraying 2.5‰ concentration significantly increased stomatal conductance water utilization, chlorophyll, catalase, spike length, grain size, 100 grain weight, soluble solids, sugar to acid ratio, anthocyanin, total phenols and yeast assimilable nitrogen by 54.53%, 26.32%, 13.66%, 264.61%, 20.99%, 44.47%, 42.55%, 4.50%, 3.18%, 108.13%, 33.71% and 54.85%, respectively, higher than the control treatment. Spraying 3.5‰ concentration significantly increased leaf area, proline and malondialdehyde by 30.80%, 156.21% and 48.04%, respectively, compared with the control treatment.【Conclusion】A comprehensive analysis showed that foliar spraying of urea at a concentration of 2.5‰ during the color change of wine grapes significantly increased the photosynthetic utilization efficiency of leaves, enhanced the physiological resistance of wine grapes leaves, improved berry quality and yeast assimilable nitrogen, and improved the quality of wine grapes berries. In turn, it provided high quality grape raw materials for making high quality wine in the eastern Helan Mountains wine region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】Since 2017, an anthracnose was extensively occurred on P. cyrtonema in the Hunan province of China. The present paper aimed to clarify the pathogen and the sensitivity of the pathogen to fungicides.【Method】The pathogen fungal stains were isolated from symptomatic leaves and identified by both morphological and molecular tools using both the ITS, ACT, CHS-1 and GPDH gene regions. Pathogenicity was confirmed with inoculation experiments that fulfilled the Koch's postulates. On this basis, the indoor toxicity of 5 fungicides to the pathogen was determined by mycelial growth rate method.【Result】By tissue isolation, 16 morphologically identical strains were isolated from the diseased diseased leaves of four plantation in Hunan province, and the colony morphology and culture characteristics of the strains were observed to confirm that they were Colletotrichum sp.. Molecular identification of CLHJY4-3 determined that the pathogen was C. spaethianum. The pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculation and the Koch's postulates was verified. The average growth rate of the hyphae of this pathogen was 1.1 cm/day. Conidia were 18.4 to 25.0 μm long and 3.9 to 5.3 μm wide. The seta were dark brown, with 2-3 septs, 79-107 μm long. The results of indoor toxicity determination showed that among the five agents, prochloraz had the strongest inhibitory effect on hyphal growth, EC50 was 0.031 μg/mL, followed by pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole, with the EC50 of 0.049 and 0.252 μg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory effects of thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim were relatively poor, with the EC50 of 2.911 and 1.763 μg/mL, respectively. 【Conclusion】C. spaethianum was the pathogen of leaf spot of P. cyrtonema in Hunan province. Moreover, prochloraz and pyraclostrobin were screened as better fungicides against the pathogen fungus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to identify the pathogen fungus of brown rot of Wushan plum and investigate the inhibitory effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on it in vivo to provide a theoretical basis for the post-harvest disease control of Wushan plums.【Method】The pathogen fungus was isolated, identified, and pathogenicity tested according to fulfill Koch's postulate. And the isolated and purified brown rot pathogen fungus was inoculated onto plum fruits by damage inoculation to investigate the inhibition effect of 1-MCP treatment on the inoculation of brown rot at different times and fruit firmness in Wushan plum.【Result】The pathogenic fungus was identified as Monilinia fructicola by morphological characterization, fungal universal primers ITS1 and ITS4 combined with PCR technique. During storage at 4 ℃, the incidence of disease and the expansion of spot diameter were suppressed (P ＜ 0.05) in plum fruit inoculated pathogenic bacteria before/after 1-MCP treatment and after injury, 1-MCP treatment was performed before inoculation with pathogenic bacteria(P＜0.05). The inhibitory effect of 1-MCP treatment on brown rot of plum fruit inoculated with pathogen fungus at different periods was not significant at 25 ℃ and was maintained only for 24 hours. Pathogen fungi were more pathogenic to plums under storage at 25 ℃ than under storage at 4 ℃. The 1-MCP treatment was effective in delaying the decline of plums fruit firmness under both ambient temperature and low-temperature conditions.【Conclusion】The pathogen fungus causing postharvest brown rot of Wushan plums was identified and analyzed as Monilinia fructicola, 1-MCP combined with 4 ℃ storage treatment effectively inhibited the incidence of brown rot and the expansion of spot diameter of plums during postharvest storage, and effectively maintained fruit firmness. The study provides a theoretical basis for the occurrence and control of brown rot during post-harvest storage of Wushan plums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the effect of solid-state fermentation of Aspergillus, yeast and lactic acid bacteria on the content and antioxidant activity of polyphenols and flavonoids in freeze-dried figs (Ficus carica L.), and to provide a basis and data reference for the development of functional food or ingredients using figs.【Method】In the study, Aspergillus oryzae, A.niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula glutinis NY5 and Lactococcus garvieae were employed to solid-state fermentation of freeze-dried figs for 7 days.The total contents of phenol and flavonoid, and the in vitro scavenging ability of 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine radical (DPPH) and reducing ability were determined in the ultrasonic extracts from 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of fermentation by different strains, respectively.The components of polyphenols and flavonoids in the extracts were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA).【Result】The total contents of polyphenol and flavonoid, the antioxidant in extracts fermenting by A.oryzae, A.niger, S.cerevisiae, R.glutinis NY5 and L.garvieae were all increased.Among all tested strains, L.garvieae and A.niger were more capable of increasing polyphenol content than the others.The DPPH radical scavenging and reducing ability of the extracts fermented by L.garvieae were increased by 37.63% and 12.50 times, respectively, compared with that before fermentation.PCA showed that the main compounds produced by the fermented extracts of A.oryzae, A.niger, S.cerevisiae, R.glutinis NY5 and L.garvieae were somewhat different, with the main compounds of A.oryzae and A.niger being flavonoids, S.cerevisiae and S.cerevisiae NY5 being phenols, and L.garvieae having both phenols and flavonoids.【Conclusion】The above results show that it is an effective method to select microbial solid fermentation to improve the content and antioxidant activity of polyphenols and flavonoids in freeze-dried figs.Microbial solid fermentation can effectively improve the contents and antioxidant activities of polyphenols and flavonoids in figs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to verify the regional applicability of NDVI-DFI tri-endmember linear mixture model to extract vegetation information in the crisscrossing region of desert oasis in Xinjiang and apply the model to analyze the spatial and temporal variation of vegetation in a gobi region in Xinjiang. 【Method】 Two periods of Landsat8 images in 2008 and 2017 were selected from the desert oasis interlacing zone on the northern slope of Tianshan-Jungaer Basin, Xinjiang, and estimation of fractional cover of photosynthetic vegetatio(fPV), non-photosynthetic vegetation(fNPV) and bare soil(fBS) in the study area based on NDVI-DFI tri-endmember linear mixture model.Verify inversion accuracy with regression analysis.【Result】（i）The spatial location of the pixels identified as pure by the PPI operation and located close to the vertices of the NDVI/DFI triangle was examined by Landsat8 OLI, which meets the application conditions of NDVI-DFI model. However, there were differences in scatter distribution, indicating that some surface elements have changed.（ii） fPV mainly distributed in the southern oasis farmland, fBS mainly distributed in the northern Gobi plain and barren mountains, fNPV mainly distributed in the oasis and gobi interleaved areas and large desert areas. The results of regression analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation（P<0.01） between the inversion results of NDVI-DFI model and the resampling calculation results of GF-2（high resolution） remote sensing imagery. 【Conclusion】（i） The NDVI-DFI model can be applied to estimate fractional cover of fPV, fBS and fNPV in Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountains-eastern margin of Junggar Basin. The accuracy of inversion results meet the requirements. It has regional applicability for the extraction of vegetation information in the desert oasis ecotone in Xinjiang.（ii） From 2008 to 2017, the level I, III and IV vegetation area in the study area showed a decreasing trend, while the level II and V vegetation coverage increased. The vegetation coverage changed from low to high level, and the high level vegetation increased. The total vegetation restoration area in the study area is greater than the degraded area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】According to the climatic characteristics such as the lack of sunshine in Chongqing, combined with the different light demand of different crops and different growth stages, the present study explored the distribution law of the plane light field of the cultivation tank under the conditions of different plant fill light heights and light intensity ratio in the plant factory, and established a quantitative relationship model between the fill light height, light intensity ratio and the plane light field intensity of the cultivation tank, so as to provide support for the automatic, accurate and on-demand regulation of the fill light height and light intensity. 【Method】In the closed intelligent simulation agricultural environment laboratory of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and taking the intelligent LED fill light as the research object, the paper explored the light field intensity change law of the cultivation tank under the conditions of different fill light height and light intensity ratio. The regression support vector machine algorithm was used to construct the spatial light field intensity prediction model of fill light, which took the fill light height, fill light intensity ratio and spatial position information as the input and the plane light field intensity of cultivation tank as the output. Based on this model, the intensity of the plane light field in the cultivation tank was predicted, and the height of the fill light suitable for different crops and different growth stages was adjusted as needed. 【Result】Exploring the law of light field distribution on the plane of cultivation tank under different heights and light intensity ratios, it was found that with the increase of the proportion of light intensity at the same height, the value of light field intensity on the surface of the cultivation tank plane light field also increased; Under the same light intensity ratio, with the increase of fill light height, the light field intensity value in the center area of the plane light field surface of the cultivation tank decreased, while the light field intensity value in the edge area of the light field surface increased to a certain extent. By comparing the five modeling methods, it was found that SVR algorithm had the best performance on the data set. At the same time, the training accuracy R~2 of the plane light field intensity prediction model of the cultivation tank constructed in this study could reach 0.9897, and the testing accuracy R~2 could reach 0.9815, which proved that the model had good reliability. 【Conclusion】 The distribution law of light field intensity in the cultivation tank plane of LED array fill light in plant factory was analyzed, which proved the necessity of building the prediction model of light field intensity in the cultivation trough plane. The precise construction of this model has laid a good support for the optimal dynamic regulation of light source location and intensity in different crops and different growth stages under the conditions of installment agriculture or plant factories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The aims of the present paper is to explore the spatial variation and stability of soil aggregates at different soil depths under different years of the deep turning measure. 【Method】The soil of the deep turning measure（2014） was used as a control, and the soil aggregates of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm soil depths were continuously sampled and monitored based on the years of deep turning（2014-2020）. The changes of soil aggregates, particle size distribution patterns and stability of soil aggregates with the age of deep turning were analyzed. 【Result】 WR0.25 was more sensitive to the response to deep turning than DR0.25, which was significantly lower than DR0.25; WR0.25 generally increased with the age of deep turning and decreased with the increase of soil depth; Under deep flipping, WR0.25 was more sensitive to the response of deep turning than DR0.25, and the content of WR0.25 decreased with the increase of soil depth and increased with the increase of deep turning age; MWD showed no obvious overall change with the increase of deep turning age in 0-20 cm soil layer, 20-40 cm soil layer showed a gradual increase trend with the increase of deep turning age, MWD in 40-60 cm soil layer showed an increasing trend with the increase of deep turning age after 1-5 years of deep turning, and MWD gradually decreased after 6-7 years of deep turning. PAD showed a tendency to increase with the increase of soil depth and decrease with the increase of deep turning age. WR0.25, PAD and MWD showed a significant correlation（P<0.05）, in which WR0.25 showed a significant negative correlation with PAD, the correlation coefficient R was-0.750, WR0.25 showed a significant positive correlation with MWD, the correlation coefficient R was 0.866, and the PAD and MWD showed a significant negative correlation relationship, and the correlation coefficient R was-0.795.【Conclusion】The deep turning measure directly acted on the structure of soil aggregates, and the recombination of aggregate content components led to the hierarchical differentiation of the original tillage soil, which was manifested as two-level differentiation of the surface layer and the bottom layer, and the water stability aggregates had greater variation and more sensitive hierarchical response. The deep turning effect makes the soil surface and bottom layer achieve spatial displacement and mixing, resulting in the homogenization of the original layers of each soil layer, and with the increase of the deep turning age, the distribution pattern of soil aggregates tends to gradually converge and the stability gradually increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to carry out research on dynamic change characteristics of paddy field and dry land resources in Chongqing, identify the main factors driving the loss of paddy field and dry land resources, analyze the regional differences in the utilization of cultivated land resources, and provide support for improving the utilization rate of cultivated land resources, strengthening the management of provincial agricultural resources, and ensuring regional food security. 【Method】 Based on the interpretation results of historical remote sensing image data, the dynamic change characteristics and spatial differentiation of paddy field and dry land in the two historical stages of Chongqing from 1980 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2018 were quantitatively studied by using geographic gravity center analysis, cultivated land loss rate and other indicators and methods. 【Result】 The study found that areas of paddy field and dry land in each district of Chongqing decreased in the past 40 years. The loss area of paddy field was less than dry land, but the loss rate of paddy field was higher than dry land. The loss of paddy field and dry land both showed a trend from slow scattered occupation to rapid agglomeration occupation over time, and the area gravity center of both cultivated lands had gradually shifted to the northeast, indicating the shift from the western low-altitude area（with high economic growth rate and high-quality cultivated land） to the northeast hilly area（with relatively low economic growth rate and low quality cultivated land）. From 1980 to 2000, the area gravity center shift distances of paddy field and dry land were 0.58,0.97 kilometers, respectively, while that distances from 2000 to 2018 were 2.14,1.57 kilormeters. According to the result of cultivated land loss rate index, paddy field and dry land in most districts belonged to the slow loss type, and the losing rate from 2000 to 2018 was much higher than that from 1980 to 2000. Severely loss regions of paddy field were mainly located in the urban area and suburban areas. The regions of rapid loss were mainly concentrated in the northeast of Chongqing, and the severe and fast loss areas of dry land are concentrated in the urban area. Construction occupation was the primary factor of paddy field loss, and the ecological occupation was the secondary factor. Considering the loss rate of cultivated land resources and the types of cultivated land transformation, the dynamic types of cultivated land resources in paddy field and dry land could be divided into 4 categories, which were construction occupation dominated, ecological occupation dominated, no dominant type, and cultivated land type transformation. Furthermore, 10 subcategories can be identified based on their loss speed. 【Conclusion】There are regional differences in the main characteristics and driving forces of the loss of paddy field and dry land in Chongqing. It is necessary to strengthen the zoning management of paddy field and dry land based on the characteristics of regional cultivated land loss, optimize the ecological and landscape functions of existing cultivated land in the development zone, improve the resource utilization rate and comprehensive production capacity of cultivated land, and ensure food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the localization and expression pattern of histone deacetylases（HDACS） family members HDAC3 and HDAC8 in growing follicles of Tan sheep, in order to provide reference for further research on the epigenetics mechanism of follicular development and oocyte maturation regulation in Tan sheep. 【Method】The ovarian tissues of healthy tan sheep were collected and the following growth follicles were mechanically separated: Small antral follicles（diameter 0.5-3.0 mm）, large antral follicles（diameter 3.0-5.0 mm） and preovulatory follicles（diameter>5.0 mm）. The localization and expression of HDAC3 and HDAC8 in different follicles were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence respectively. At the same time, the expression of HDAC3 and HDAC8 in the follicles of Tan sheep was detected by Western blotting.【Result】HDAC3 was mainly located in the granular cells of primitive follicles, primary follicles and secondary follicles, granular cells of antral follicles and cumulus cells of Tan sheep, and its expression was up-regulated with follicular development. The localization of HDAC8 in growing follicles was different from that of HDAC3, which was not only distributed in the oocyte and granulosa cytoplasm of primordial follicles, primary follicles and secondary follicles, it was also localized in the cytoplasm of oocytes, granulosa cells and cumulus cells with antral follicles.【Conclusion】These results indicated that the localization and expression of HDAC3 and HDAC8 in growing follicles of Tan sheep were different, suggesting that HDAC3 and HDAC8 may be involved in the regulation of follicular development and oocyte maturation in different ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to investigate the correlation between photosynthetic characteristics and physiological-ecological factors as well as the changes of photosystem PSII activity in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa under different seasons.【Method】In the experiment, 3-year-old R. tomentosa was used as the test material, and the measurement studies were conducted in spring（April）, summer（July）, autumn（October） and winter（January） using LCi-SD portable photosynthesizer and hand-held chlorophyll fluorescent fluoropen（FP110PAR-FluorPen）.【Result】‘Midday depression of photosynthesis’ in net photosynthetic rate（Pn） in both spring and winter was caused by stomatal limitation, and the ‘midday depression of photosynthesis’ in Pn in summer was caused by non-stomatal limitation. ‘Midday depression of photosynthesis’ in summer was caused by non-stomatal limitation. Stomatal conductance（Gs）, relative humidity（HR） and intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci） were the main factors affecting Pn in spring, while effective photosynthetic radiation（PAR） was the main factor affecting Pn in summer. Transpiration rate（Tr）, Gs and Ci were the main factors affecting Pn in autumn, while Tr and air CO2 concentration（Ca） were the main factors affecting Pn in winter. The PSII activity（Fv/Fm） of the photosystem was the highest in summer and the lowest in winter, and the energy captured by R. tomentosa antenna pigments（ABS/RC） was the highest in spring. Quantum yield（QY） was the highest in summer and the lowest in autumn under photostasis. The QY under darkness was maximum in summer, minimum in spring, and the highest in autumn for NPQ（non-chemical quenching）. The R. tomentosa QY was the greatest in spring and winter at a light intensity of 100 μmol/（m²·s）, and decreased with increasing light intensity in summer and autumn. The Fv/Fm of R. tomentosa photosystem PSII showed an increasing trend with the increase of light intensity in different seasons.【Conclusion】Environmental changes in different seasons can lead to the phenomenon of ‘midday depression of photosynthesis’ of stomatal limitation and non-stomatal limitation in R. tomentosa. The effect of physiological ecological factors on photosynthesis was different in different seasons. R. tomentosa’s photosystem PSII activity（Fv/Fm） was summer>autumn>spring>winter, while its ABS/RC was spring>autumn>summer>winter. The QY under photostasis was summer>winter>spring>autumn, and the maximum QY was summer>winter>autumn>spring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to deeply analyze the influence of the migration and transformation efficiency of available Se in the ‘soil-plant’ system under different forms and compositions, as well as the antagonistic or synergistic effect between Se-Cd.【Method】Through the investigation of crops and soils in the selenium-enriched soil area in Enshi prefecture, the bioavailability of Se in soil was studied by analyzing the correlation between potato Se-Cd content and available Se-Cd in soil. The coupling effect of Se-Cd was revealed from the perspective of effective state of Se and Cd.【Result】The key factor that determined the level of Se in the food chain was the available Se content in soil rather than the total Se content. The level of available Se content determined the level of Se content in potatoes, and Cd in the soil-potato system behaved a similar trend. The bioavailability of Se in soil was closely related to its existing form. The available Se in potato root soil was mainly organic Se and Se4+, and organic Se was most easily absorbed by potatoes. In terms of the Se-Cd coupling effect, as the molar ratio of available Se-Cd in soil increased, the Cd content in potato showed a downward trend, and the increase of available Se content in soil inhibited the potato’s absorption of Cd in soil. There was an antagonistic effect of Se-Cd, and was the strongest when the molar ratio of available Se-Cd in the soil reached 0.199.【Conclusion】The study can provide reference and theoretical basis for local selenium-enriched crops production, and provide evidence for improving the effectiveness of Se in soil, thus improve the added value of agricultural products and realize the efficient development and utilization of Se resources. The antagonistic effect of available Se in the soil on the formation of Cd absorption by plants should be included in the scope of soil environmental quality standard evaluation, so as to form a more scientific and comprehensive new system and new standard for soil environmental quality evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the effect of light intensity on PSII activity of different Schisandrae chinensis.【Method】The leaves of S. chinensis resources ‘Zaohong’ and ‘Tieling-0601’ were treated with 0, 600, 1200 and 1800 μmol/（m²·s） light.【Result】Strong light damaged the photosynthetic machinery easily. High light inhibited the activity of the PSII donor and recipient sides, which hindered electron transport, accumulated a significant amount of ROS and MDA, and caused membrane peroxidation. K point appeared in both ‘Zaohong’ and ‘Tieling-0601’ under strong light, and relative variable fluorescence intensity at the K-step（VK） and relative variable fluorescence intensity at the J-step（VJ） increased with the increase of light intensity, and VJ point was the highest under a light intensity of 1800 μmol/（m²·s）. VJ of ‘Tieling-0601’was higher than that of ‘Zaohong’in all treatments. Compared with the control, the electron transport efficiency（φO）, quantum yield of electron transport(φEo), number of reaction centers（RC/ABS）, quantum yield of electron transport per unit area（ETO/CSO） and captured light energy per unit area（TRO/CSO） of PSII chlorophyll antenna decreased under strong light treatment. The quantum ratio for heat dissipation(φDo), the light energy absorbed per unit area（ABS/CSO） and the heat dissipation per unit area（DIO/CSO） increased. With the increase of light intensity, the accumulation of malondialdehyde（MDA） in both‘Zaohong’and ‘Tieling-0601’increased, and the MDA accumulation in‘Tieling-0601’was higher than that in ‘Zaohong’. There was a significant difference in anthocyanin accumulation of leaves between ‘Zaohong’ and ‘Tieling-0601’, and ‘Zaohong’ was 3 times higher than ‘Tieling-0601’. 【Conclusion】Different germplasm resources of S. chinensis had different responses to high light, and PSII electron transporter activity was stronger under ‘Zaohong’ high light stress, and the ability to resist high light was stronger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The paper aimed to study the effects of different dilution ratios of carbon dioxide trapping agent on CO2 concentration in ‘Murcott’ tangerine canopy and physiological characteristics of leaves, and to provide theoretical basis and data support for the application of carbon dioxide trapping agent in citrus production practice.【Method】In the study, six-year-old trifoliate orange rootstock ‘Murcott’ tangerine was used as test material, and the leaves were sprayed with 1∶100, 1∶150, 1∶200 dilution ratio carbon dioxide trapping agent, and the same amount of water was applied as the control. The change characteristics of CO2 concentration in citrus canopy were investigated, and the leaf morphological characters, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics and non-structural carbohydrate were measured. 【Result】Compared with CK, the CO2 concentration in the three dilution ratios of carbon dioxide trapping agent increased significantly（P<0.05）, and increased by 1.63%（treatment T1）, 1.94%（treatment T2） and 1.78%（treatment T3）, respectively. The Chla and Chl（a+b） contents in T2 and T3 treatments increased significantly compared with CK on 2 June（P<0.05）. The peak values of T1 treatment were leaf width, louver fresh weight, Pn daily mean, Tr daily mean, Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo, among which Pn daily mean, Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo showed significant differences compared with CK（P<0.05）;T3 treatment showed peak values in Gs daily mean, Ci daily mean, leaf length, length-width ratio, leaf area and leaf dry weight, only leaf length and leaf dry weight were significantly different from CK（P<0.05）. Soluble sugar content was decreased and starch content was increased in the three groups treated with carbon dioxide trapping agent. On May 13, Soluble sugar and starch contents of T3 treatment were significantly different from those of CK（P<0.05）. 【Conclusion】Carbon dioxide trapping agent could increase the concentration of CO2 in the canopy of ‘Murcott’ tangerine, producing a positive response to the physiological characteristics of leaves, increasing the accumulation of biomass and chlorophyll in leaves, effectively alleviated the ‘nap’ phenomenon of ‘Murcott’ tangerine, and changed the ratio of photosynthetic products. Different dilution ratio of carbon dioxide trapping agent had different response to physiological characteristics of ‘Murcott’ tangerine leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed investigate the response mechanism of Purslane（Portulaca oleracea L.）under low temperature stress, transcriptomic analyses were conducted. 【Method】The seedlings of P. oleracea were cultured at low temperature（10 ℃ and 14 hours in the daytime, 5 ℃ and 10 hours at night） and suitable temperature（30 ℃ and 14 hours in the daytime, 25 ℃ and 10 hours at night） for 14 days. The different transcripts of P. oleracea between suitable temperature and low temperature stress treatment were screened and analyzed by the second（RNA sequencing, RNA-Seq） and third（isoform sequencing, Iso-Seq） generation transcriptome sequencing techniques.【Result】The average clean reads per each sample was 45 397 055,the average GC content per each sample was 47.48%,and the average Q20 and Q30 per each sample were 97.7% and 93.29% respectively. 26 621 differentially expressed genes（DEGs） were identified compared to low temperature stress, including 12 045 up-regulated DEGs and 14 576 down-regulated DEGs. GO functional classification and enrichment analysis showed that under low temperature stress, the number of up-regulated genes in cellular response to various lights, chlorophyll synthesis and light protection were significantly higher than that of down-regulated genes, while the number of down-regulated genes in pyruvatephosphate double kinase activity, metal ion transport, regulating carbohydrate metabolism and photosystem response center I were significantly more than that of up-regulated genes; KEGG pathway analysis indicated that DEGs significantly enriched in proteasome, eukaryotic ribosomal biogenesis, the circadian approximate rhythm, terpene main chain biosynthesis and other pathways.【Conclusion】According to the analysis of GO, it is suggested that the number of genes for pyruvatephosphate double kinase, which catalyzed the phosphoenolpyruvate regeneration of CO2 receptor, was significantly increased under low temperature stress, and thereby the content of CO2 receptor was increased. However, the number of genes for various light responses and chlorophyll synthesis was significantly reduced. It was indicated that photosynthesis of P. oleracea was significantly affected under low temperature stress. The results would provide reference for the molecular mechanism of P. oleracea under low temperature stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aims to explore the flowering mechanism of ‘Xiapulan’（Vaccinium corymbosum L.） which blooms many times per year, and provide a theoretical reference for the formulation of subsequent flowering regulation measures and an in-depth study of flowering mechanism. 【Method】 The relationship between LFY gene expression in axillary buds of ‘Xiapulan’ at different growth stages and endogenous hormones in the corresponding periods was explored. 【Result】The peaks of LFY gene expression and ABA content always appeared alternately; Among the five peaks of LFY gene expression, only the 2nd and 3rd peaks of IAA content appeared between the corresponding periods, and the IAA content remained at a low level at other times; During the peaks of LFY gene, the fluctuation broken line of ACC, a precursor of ethylene metabolism, seemed to take 20 August 2018 as the boundary point, and the front fluctuation broken line could almost coincide with the end fluctuation broken line after rotating 180°clockwise. In addition to the highest peak of CTK content, there were three small peaks which corresponded to the elongation and bud differentiation of spring, summer and autumn treetops. Gibberellin showed significant difference between different occasions, and together with other endogenous hormones to promote the occurrence of various physiological activities. 【Conclusion】 The multiple flowering of ‘Xiapulan’ per year was related to the continuous induction of flower bud differentiation by endogenous ABA. No matter the ACC concentration, there was a peak of corresponding LFY gene expressions, which indicated that ACC could regulate flower organs and mainly the process of flower sex differentiation. The increase of CTK concentration was beneficial to the elongation and bud differentiation of spring, summer and autumn treetops. Gibberellin has always been active during the whole growth period with the role of promoting various physiological activities in coordination with other hormones. However, mechanism of the effect of endogenous hormone IAA on flower formation is still unclear and needs further discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to enrich the salt tolerance gene resources of Arundo donax and provide help for molecular breeding.【Method】The ‘LZ＿ No.1’ A. donax with consistent growth were treated with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mmol/L NaCl salt solutions for 36 hours, and each treatment consisted of 3 replicates. Stems from the same site were collected for transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. 5 differentially expressed genes were randomly selected for qRT-PCR to verify the expression pattern.【Result】De novo assembly was performed on the sequencing data after quality control, and a total of 971 309 transcripts were generated, with a GC content of 47.14%, and the N50 of Unigene contigs reached 1126 bp, indicating a good assembly effect. The 7305 differentially expressed genes identified were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, and the results showed that stems of ‘LZ＿ No.1’ responded to salt stress mainly through nitrogen metabolism, ion transport, terpenoid synthesis, zeatin synthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, salicylic acid biosynthesis and osmotic regulator substances. The differentially expressed genes were screened, and a total of 104 core differentially expressed genes were obtained, of which 88315＿c0＿g1＿i1, 1200＿c2＿g1＿i1, 13330＿c0＿g1＿i8, 46571＿c0＿g1＿i7, 3434＿c0＿g1＿i11 and 713＿c0＿g1＿i32 genes with large differential multiples may play an important role in the response to the salt. The identification of transcription factors indicated that AP2/ERF-ERF family, MYB-related family and WRKY family were the most important gene families in salt response, and most of these three transcription factor family members were up-regulated in response to salt stress, indicating that they mainly worked by increasing the expression of genes. The detection results of the five differentially expressed genes by qRT-PCR were basically consistent with the RNA-seq results, which also demonstrated the reliability of the transcriptome data.【Conclusion】The study identifies important genes and transcription factors of A.donax in response to salt stress, which can lay a solid foundation for its future genetic improvement work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the effects of optimized fan frequency and different tobacco density on the temperature difference in the curing barn, changes in tobacco leaves and the quality of cured tobacco, and further determine the applicability of optimized fan frequency in the curing process. 【Method】Two factors of fan frequency and smoke density were set to track the changes of the three smoke density during the process of optimizing the fan frequency and the quality of the cured tobacco during the whole process, and conduct a comparative analysis in combination with the conventional full process of 50 Hz. 【Result】In terms of temperature difference in the roasting barn, as the baking progresses, the temperature difference basically followed the change rule of the main water loss stage>the late stage>the main yellowing stage>the preheating stage, and the optimization of the fan frequency reduces the temperature difference in the roasting barn. In terms of tobacco leaf changes, the unevenness of leaf temperature was D2Y>D1Y>D3Y>D2C; L* value and b* value first increase and then decrease, L* values of D2C and D1Y were always higher than that of D2Y and D3Y; a* value gradually increased with the change of the state, and there was no obvious difference between different treatments; The overall contraction of the optimized fan frequency was good, and the water loss form of D2Y tobacco was the best. In terms of quality of cured tobacco leaves, compared with D2C, D1Y, D2Y and D3Y had significant differences in appearance quality, chemical composition, sensory evaluation and comprehensive score (P<0.05), and D2Y had the highest score. 【Conclusion】Optimizing the fan frequency can have a lower temperature difference in the curing barn under different loading densities, better tobacco leaf changes and higher quality of cured tobacco, which has strong applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore and analyze the research on forest land resources in Emin county, Xinjiang, and provide references for realizing the temporal and spatial dynamics of forest land resources. 【Method】Based on 3S technology, using Landsat satellite remote sensing images in 1988, 1998, 2007 and 2018, the distribution of forest land resources in the past 31 years was interpreted, and the temporal and spatial dynamics of forest land were analyzed. The center of gravity migration model and the transition matrix quantitatively analyzed the mutual transfer between forest land and other types of ground objects, and expounded the driving force of natural and human factors on the temporal and spatial changes of forest land. 【Result】 (i) The woodland coverage rate in Emin county was relatively high, of which it was as high as 47.41% in 2018. In 31 years, the woodland area showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the area of cultivated land and construction land showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. (ii) The mutual conversion of woodland, cultivated land, and bare soil was frequent, and the conversion rate continued to increase, the spatial diversion changed significantly, and the spatial dynamics of other types of ground objects tended to be stable. (iii) The location of the center of gravity of the forest land did not change significantly, and the migration was relatively weak. The substantial increase in construction land was mainly due to the conversion of forest land and cultivated land. The area of bare soil decreased, mainly transforming into cultivated land and woodland, while the increase of cultivated land area was mainly due to the transformation of forest land. (iv) The decrease in precipitation had directly led to the increasing drought of the land, and the gradual increase of bare soil and saline ground. At the same time, the area of water bodies has shown a downward trend, and the intensification of human activities has promoted the continuous expansion of construction land, and cultivated land and woodland. The conversion of bare land resources was frequent. 【Conclusion】By analyzing 31 years of dynamic changes in forest land resources, the study found that forest land resources have decreased, which has promoted the real-time update of forest land resource information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to prepare a monoclonal antibody against O,O-diethyl organophosphorus pesticides (DPPs) and establish an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA), so as to provide technological support for rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues.【Method】Compound (E)-3-[4- (diethoxyphosphorothioyloxy) phenyl] acrylic acid was used as hapten to make antigen. Immunized mice were screened to prepare monoclonal cell lines that stably secreted antibodies that recognized DPPs. The positive rate and recognition rate of the fusion cell lines were evaluated and the monoclonal cell lines stably secreting antibodies against DPPs were screened. Then, the best concentration combination of antigen and antibody was selected, and the standard curve of ic-ELISA was established. Based on the cross-reactivity rate of the antibody with 6 DPPs, the broad-spectrum of ic-ELISA was evaluated. The cross reaction between the antibody and quinalphos was the strongest, thus the addition and recovery test of quinalphos was carried out on citrus and fresh orange samples.【Result】Artificial antigens were synthesized successfully, including coating antigen DPPs-OVA and immune antigen DPPs-BSA. Sensitive and broad-spectrum cell line 5G8 was obtained by limited dilution method. 0.5 μg/mL coating antigen DPPs-OVA and 1.0 μg/mL antibody 5G82D5 made up the best working concentration combination. Parathion, a pesticide with high antibody recognition rate in this cell line screening, was selected as the inhibition standard, and its ic-ELISA and standard curve were established. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 41.78 ng/mL, and the detection range(IC20-IC80) was 3.21-239.59 ng/mL. The established ic-ELISA showed varying degrees of cross reactions with 5 DPPs (coumaphos, quinalphos, phorate, methyl parathion and fenthion). The cross-reactivity rate of quinalphos was the highest, which was 19.79%. The recoveries of quinalphos in citrus and orange samples by ic-ELISA and GC were compared. The recoveries of ic-ELISA ranged from 75.80% to 116.12%,while the recoveries of GC ranged from 92.5% to 115.00%. The results of the two methods are in good agreement.【Conclusion】The established ic-ELISA has high cross-validation accuracy by GC method and can rapidly detect quetiapine residues in agricultural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to clarify the variation of stigma vigor of thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile (TPSGMS) lines and provide theoretical reference for hybrid seed production in wheat. 【Method】Four thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile (TPSGMS) lines were used as material. The glume of the first floret blossoming was bagged and pollinated, and saturation pollination lasted for 21 days. The difference of stigma vigor of the above four TPGMS lines was evaluated based on seed setting rate of hybridization (SSRH). 【Result】There were significant differences (P<0.05） in stigma vigor among the four TPSGMS lines.The average of stigma vigor of four TPSGMS lines was the largest in K456S, followed by K64S, K78S and K43S. The stigma vigor of K64S and K456S reached the peak on the 5th day after glume-opening, while that of K78S and K43S reached the peak on the 3rd day after glume-opening. There was no significant difference in the duration of stigma vigor among four TPSGMS lines, which could last for 15 days. But there was significant difference in the duration of high stigma vigor (SSRH>80%), the result was K78S (9 days）>K64S (7 days）>K456S (5 days）>K43S (3 days). The stigma vigor of K64S in the field was significantly higher than that in the greenhouse. The increase of the highest SSRH was 17.58%, and the increase of the average SSRH was 13.83%. There was no difference in the duration of stigma vigor between two conditions, which was 17 days. The duration of high stigma vigor in the field was longer, about 2 days more than in the greenhouse, which was 9 days. 【Conclusion】 Four TPSGMS lines showed high SSRH, but the time it took to reach the highest SSRH were different, and there were significant differences in the duration of high stigma vigor, indicating that there were differences in the variation law of stigma vigor of different TPSGMS lines. Suitable temperature and humidity would help to improve the SSRH and duration of high stigma vigor, and further increase the seed setting rate of TPSGMS lines and the yield of hybrid seed production with TPSGMS lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the induction of amino-oligosaccharides resistance to Fusarium wilt of bitter gourd, so as to provide reference for improving the technology of amino-oligosaccharide-induced resistance to F. wilt.【Method】Leaves and bitter gourd seedlings were sprayed with different concentrations of amino-oligosaccharins and roots of bitter gourd seedlings were watered with different concentrations of amino-oligosaccharins. Four treatments were set: Induction without inoculation, induction with inoculation, no induction but with inoculation, no induction and no inoculation. After 15 days of treatment, activities of β-1, 3-glucanase (β-1, 3-GLU), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were determined to analyze the changes of lignin, phenolic compounds and callose in the root, stem and leaf of bitter gourd, thus, exploring the induced resistance of amino-oligosaccharide to F. wilt of bitter gourd.【Result】Induction of 5% amino-oligosaccharide by foliar spray and root watering both could induct the resistance to F. wilt on bitter gourd seedlings. The disease index by 1500 times solution foliar spray with 5% amino-oligosaccharide was 30.83, 23.34 lower than that of the control (CK1), reaching the disease resistance level (R), and the induced disease resistance index was 43.09. The disease index by 1000 times solution root irrigation with 5% amino-oligosaccharide was 25.00, 59.44 lower than that of the control (CK2), reaching the disease resistance level (R), and the induced disease resistance index was 70.39. The results of ANOVA showed that the difference of inducted effect on disease resistance reached a very significant level (P<0.01,the same as below) between 5% amino-oligosaccharide and 0.5% chitosan, 6% oligosaccharide. After induction and inoculation of 5% amino-oligosaccharide, a small amount of mycelia was observed in the root system from 6 days to 14 days, while the production of mycelia was found in the control group after 2 days, a large number of mycelia appeared on 8 days, and spores were found after 14 days, indicating that the induction of amino-oligosaccharide could delay the infection time of F. oxysporum. At the same time, it could prevent the further development of mycelia and inhibit the formation of spores.【Conclusion】5% amino-oligosaccharide could make immune system work, induce the expression of disease-course-related protease activity, promote the formation of secondary metabolites, and effectively enhance the resistance of bitter gourd to F. wilt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to clone the transcription factor gene BoWRKY10 of kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC) and study the drought tolerance regulation mechanism of the gene.【Method】The gene BoWRKY10 was amplified from the cDNA of kale leaves by RT-PCR and transferred into tobacco. The expression pattern of the gene under drought stress was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.【Result】The survival rate of transgenic lines were significantly higher than that of non-GMO wild types (WT) after 10 days of drought. There was no obvious difference between transgenic lines (OE3, OE4 and OE6) and WT in terms of germination rate in 1/2 MS culture medium, however, in medium containing 15% PEG4000, germination rate of OE3, OE4 and OE6 were 65.9%, 75.4% and 84.3%, respectively, while the one of WT was 22.5%. In medium containing 15% PEG4000, the root length of transgenic lines was significantly higher than that of WT after 14 days. Meanwhile, ABA content, proline content, soluble sugar content, POD, CAT and SOD activities were higher, while MDA and H2O2 content were significantly lower than those of WT. The expression level of drought responsive gene in OE3, like NtSOD, NtAPX, NtCAT, NtGST, NtSPSA and NtNCED1, was significantly higher than that of WT.【Conclusion】Expression of BoWRKY10 from kale remarkably improved the tolerance of tobacco to drought stresses in which the pleiotropy could be beneficial gene resource of gene engineering about resistance to stress in plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】In order to promote the construction of ecological towns in the open area along the borders of Yunnan province and strengthen the national border ecological security, the present paper evaluates the land ecological security status of Ruili city from the ecological point of view, and analyzes its main obstacles. 【Method】Based on the DPSIR model, 18 indexes were selected to construct the land ecological security evaluation index system of Ruili city. The evaluation index weights were determined by entropy weight method, and the matter-element analysis was used to quantify the land ecological security evaluation. With the aid of obstacle degree model, the obstacle factors of land ecological security in Ruili city were analyzed, and the suggestions were proposed according to pathological diagnosis. 【Result】From 2010 to 2017, the land ecological security in Ruili city included two levels, which were ‘relatively safe transformation’ and ‘ideal safe transformation’. The overall level showed an upward trend, but the comprehensive correlation was always negative, indicating that the ecological security was not stable, and stable ecological background conditions should be established to effectively protect against external disturbances. Except for the state system and the influence system, the ecological security of other subsystems changed at different levels. Therefore, the land ecological development strategy should be formulated according to the theory of systematic coordinated development, and the land ecological security level of Ruili city should be improved in an all-round way. The obstacle factors affecting the land ecological security in Ruili city mainly include GDP per capita, proportion of cultivated land area, proportion of tertiary industry, construction land area per capita, grain output per unit of cultivated land, etc. Overall development strategy should be formulated according to the main obstacles, and blind expansion of construction land should be strictly controlled to improve the quality of cultivated land while stabilizing industrial and economic development, and consolidate ecological security at national border and lay a solid foundation for constructing ecological town.【Conclusion】During the study period, the level of land ecological security in Ruili city showed an upward trend, but the status of land ecological security did not reach a stable level. Therefore, improvement measures should be put forward based on obstacle factors to promote the stable development of land ecological security, to maintain the ecological security of the border areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the changes of pulp pigment content and key enzyme activities of different kiwifruit varieties during fruit development, so as to provide reference for the regulation of pulp color of kiwifruit. 【Method】Six kiwifruit varieties named as ‘Hongyang’‘Hongshi No.2’‘Hayward’‘Cuiyu’‘Jinyan’ and ‘Jinshi No.1’ were used as test materials. The changes of pulp color were observed every two days from the bud stage. Six representative periods of fruit development were selected to sample and test the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin in pulp and the activities of four key enzymes of pigment metabolism, the correlation between pigment content and enzyme activity were studied.【Result】Two red-ringed kiwifruit varieties, ‘Hongyang’ and ‘Hongshi No.2’ had shown red or light red mesocarp, and light green-white endocarp from bud stage to about 10 days after flowering, as well as red endocarp that began to appear about 55 days after flowering and became deeper as fruit develops. On the contrary, ‘Hayward’, a green-fleshed variety, had shown a little change in color of flesh during the whole development period; and ‘Jinyan’, a golden-fleshed variety, with the development of fruit, has shown the color change of flesh from dark green to light green, to light yellow, and to yellow. It was found for the first time that ‘Cuiyu’, a green-fleshed variety, and ‘Jinshi No.1’, a golden-fleshed variety, had shown the red mesocarp in the period from bud stage to 3-5 days after flowering, just like that of red-ringed variety; The chlorophyll degradation and anthocyanin accumulation in the later stage of fruit development were the main factors of going red for the red-ringed variety. However, a high chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio (≥6.0）, in the later stage of fruit development, was the main reason for showing green of the green-fleshed variety. As both the red-ringed and golden-fleshed varieties contained higher carotenoids, the latter showed the lower chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio (2.6-4.4) in early harvest period, and that may be its main reason for showing golden or deep golden; The effect of Mg-dechelatase (MDCase) was not obvious in the pigment metabolism of red-ringed and golden-fleshed varieties, but chlorophyllase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) were key enzymes regulating the pigment metabolism pathway of kiwifruit varieties with different colors of flesh. 【Conclusion】The color difference of kiwifruit pulp is not caused by the content of single pigment, but closely related to the ratio of pigments and the activities of multiple enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to evaluate the restoration effect of alpine meadows under different restoration measures in Tibetan alpine regions.【Method】In the study, the restoration effects of two common restoration measures on the alpine meadow ecosystem of Riyue Mountain were quantified and compared through field investigation and laboratory experiment on the sample plots restored by returning farmland to grassland and enclosure measures for 14 years in Riyue Mountain area.【Result】The ecological function of degraded alpine meadow ecosystem was significantly restored under the two restoration measures, and the community height and coverage were significantly restored (P<0.05) . Compared with natural grazing, the aboveground and underground biomass of the community were 62.25% and 56.65% higher under fencing measures, while 57.37% and 5.70% higher under returning farmland to grassland measures. The community composition was gradually enriched. The species richness under the enclosure measures was 26. The Shannon and Simpson diversity indexes were significantly higher than those of natural grazing plots, and 7.69% of the species in the fenced plot had an important value less than 1. Under the returning farmland to grassland plot, the species richness was 22 species. The Shannon and Simpson diversity indexes were slightly lower than those of natural grazing sample plots. The important value of 31.82% species in the community was less than 1. The community structure was optimized, and the community structure succeeded to a more efficient three-layer structure under the two restoration measures, but the species composition of each layer structure was different under the two restoration measures. The two restoration measures could improve the physical and chemical properties of soil to varying degrees, but did not reach the significance test level in many places (P>0.05), indicating that the restoration of soil lagged behind and needed a longer recovery time than that of community vegetation.【Conclusion】The ecological function of degraded grassland was restored to different degrees under the two restoration measures. The restoration time of returning farmland to grassland was longer than that of fenced enclosure, while the restoration time of 14 years for fenced enclosure was longer than the optimal period of fenced enclosure. The ultimate restoration purpose of degraded grassland is not only the restoration of ecological functions, but also the restoration of production and living functions, so as to restore the authenticity and integrity of grassland and restore degraded grassland in a true sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to analyze the expression differences of ZmGly1 gene in different tissues in responsive to drought and high temperature stress, so as to find out its possible role in heat and drought tolerance, and finally to provide useful genetic resources for the upcoming breeding of maize varieties with higher stress tolerance.【Method】The structure, physicochemical properties and genetic relationship of ZmGly1 protein were explored using bioinformatics software such as DNAMAN 8.0, ProtParam tool, MEGA 7.0. The transcript levels of ZmGly1 was performed using qRT-PCR method.【Result】ZmGly1 was composed of 222 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 24.98 kD and an isoelectric point of 6.6. The total number of amino acid residues with negative charges（Asp + Glu） and residues with positive charges（Arg + Lys） was 30 and 29, respectively. The hydrophobic coefficient was 0.448, suggesting that it was a hydrophilic protein. ZmGly1 was not a transmembrane protein and contained a Zn2+ metal binding site on the A chain and B chain, located at Gln68,Glu134 and His162,Glu208, respectively. The phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that ZmGly1 and SbGly1 had the highest sequence identity（92.51%）, indicating that they were closely related to each other. The qRT-PCR analysis exhibited that the transcript levels of ZmGly1 was the highest in leaves, but relatively low in roots and stems. Compared with the control, the expression pattern of ZmGly1 in the leaves under drought treatment showed a tendency of first increasing and then decreasing, while under high temperature treatment a tendency of first decreasing, then increasing and finally decreasing with the extension of time. 【Conclusion】ZmGly1 is a Zn2+ enzyme, which is closely related to SbGly1. ZmGly1 participates in the stress response of plant to drought and high temperature. The study lays the foundation for the in-depth analysis of its biological functions in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to understand the difference of drought resistance among hybrid soybean varieties, thus to select drought tolerant hybrid soybean varieties.【Method】3 hybrid soybean varieties were used as experimental materials and different concentrations of PEG-6000 solution (5%,10% and 20%) hydroponic model were used to simulate drought stress in soybean seedling stage. To identify the physiological response and drought resistance of 3 hybrid soybeans, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic physiological index, osmotic regulator content and antioxidant enzyme activity of leaves in seedling stage were measured after drought stress. 【Result】With the increasing concentration of PEG-6000 solution, there were significant differences in the related drought resistance indicators of the three hybrid soybeans and the growth of soybean seedlings was gradually significantly inhibited. The chlorophyll content of soybean seedlings was detected, and it was found that with the increase of PEG-6000 solution concentration, its content showed an upward trend, the most significant being dominant Hybrid soybean-A-5. In terms of photosynthetic physiological indexes of soybean seedlings, the variation trends of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of leaves of three hybrid soybean seedlings showed significant differences. The response of different soybean varieties to drought stress under different treatment conditions was analyzed. The results showed that soybean seedlings could respond to drought stress through osmoregulation and activating antioxidant defense system was analyzed.The content of each substance changed significantly with the increase of stress degree. There were also significant differences among different varieties. The order of drought resistance of 3 hybrid soybeans was obtained by comprehensive analysis of membership function value method, Hybrid soybean-A-5> Hybrid soybean No.6>Jindou 48.【Conclusion】 The photosynthesis inhibition, osmotic adjustment and antioxidant enzyme activities could respond to drought stress of 3 hybrid soybeans. The Hybrid soybean-A-5 can be used as a demonstration of drought resistant hybrid soybean to promotion and demonstration in Huanghuaihai Area. It also provides an important reference for drought resistant breeding of hybrid soybean in later stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the spatial-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of carbon emission from cultivated land use transformation in Heilongjiang province, in order to provide reference for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality.【Method】Based on the carbon emission coefficient and spatial autocorrelation analysis, the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of carbon emission from cultivated land use transformation in Heilongjiang province in 1990—2020 were revealed, and the influencing factors of carbon emission from cultivated land use transformation in Heilongjiang province were detected by geographical detector model.【Result】（i） The cultivated land area increased in Heilongjiang province in 1990—2020, and the conversion between cultivated land and forest land, grassland was the most significant. The carbon emission of cultivated land use transformation decreased from 1126 531 t in 1990—2000 to 125 292.3 t in 2000—2010, and then increased to 1793 129.5 t in 2010—2020. The carbon emission of cultivated land use transformation decreased first and then increased, but it was the carbon source region.（ii） The carbon emissions from cultivated land use transformation had a spatial agglomeration effect, and the hot spots moved from southwest to east and then to northwest, and from plain to hilly. The cold spot area showed a trend of extending from northwest to southeast in 1990—2020.（iii） Carbon emissions from cultivated land use transformation were mainly dominated by natural environment factors, and elevation factor had the strongest explanatory power in 1990—2020. The carbon emission from cultivated land use transformation was the result of the comprehensive effects of natural environment, social economy and policy factors. The interaction between natural environment and social economy factors was the strongest, and the interaction between natural environment and social economy factors was mainly nonlinear, and the interaction between slope and land use degree was the strongest. 【Conclusion】The spatial-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of carbon emission from cultivated land use transformation in Heilongjiang province were analyzed, which provided theoretical support for regional low-carbon sustainable utilization of cultivated land. The next research should focus on the carbon emission from the transformation of land property rights, operation mode and input and output under the hidden form of cultivated land use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]