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[Objective]The present paper aimed to identify the integrated effect of Pellioditis spp. PC) 1 and B. bassiana Bbn6 on tobacco White Grubs (Holotrichia parallela). [ Method]The tests were carried out to study the effects of Bbn6, P01 and Bbn6 + P01 1 on the mortal strike of H. parallela in laboratory; According to the bioactivity of Bbn6 to P01 , a field experiment was set to comprehensively evaluate the integrated effect of P01 and Bbn6. [ Result] (i)The corrected mortality rate of Bbn6 to P01 was no more than 5 % (0. 34 % -4. 71 % ) during 24 - 120 hours; The corrected mortality rate of grubs treated by Bbn6 + P01 was significantly higher than that treated with P01 and Bbn6 alone; Treated grubs by Bbn6 + P01 , P01 and Bbn6 gained the corrected mortality rate with 96.67 % , 83.33 % and 30.00 % after 72 hours, (ii) In the field application, the treatment mixed with Bbn6 and P01 was significantly better than those treatments of P01 and Bbn6 alone on the tobacco stem circumference, maximum leaf and maximum leaf length. The insect reduce rates of Bbn6 + P01 , P01 and Bbn6 was 73.69 % , 49. 19 % and 45.05 % after 123 days. [ Conclusion] The synergism of Pellioditis spp. P01 and B. bassiana Bbn6 showed obviously the increasing effects on controlling tobacco White Grubs (H. parallela ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to clarify the effects of the characteristics of space microradiation treatment of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. seed on the morphology of branches and leaves. [Method] The morphological changes of branches and leaves in seedlings of Isyci-um ruthenicum Murr. seeds treated with space microradiation were studied. [Result] There were significant differences in the morphology of branches and leaves between the treated and untreated populations. The distribution of leal length, leal width, leal area, branch spacing and number of branches and thorns of the treated seedlings obeyed the gamma distribution and the normal distribution under the unradiated condition, and the variation coefficient of each index increased and had significant difference among them. [Conclusion] Guess because of the space radiation, therefore, microprocessor and the features of spatial randomness, lead to changes in trait locus of Lycium ruthenicum radiation group, in order to meet the needs of the growing environment, finally make Lycium ruthenicum seeds micro managed a group branches alter radiation produced bv itsell to adapt to the way, lor the breeding of excellent Lycium ruthenicum germplasm, lay the foundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper was conducted to study on suitable cultivation techniques lora new flue-cured tobacco variety Yun-yanl 16 in Chongqing in order to provide technical support for Yunvanl 16 planting in Chongqing. [Method] Selected the planting density, nitrogen application amount and number of leaves remained as the test factors of the lield experiment. The experiment was carried out using orthogonal experimental design, having nine treatment combinations, three repeats. The total 27 field experimental plots were arranged according to random block arrangement. [Result] The difference of flue-cured tobacco leaf yield and tbe difference of flue-cured tobacco leaf output value among different levels of nitrogen application all reached very significant level (P<0.01). The yield and the output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves under low nitrogen application level, 2326. 65 kg/hm2 and 61 251.45 yuan/hm2 , respectively, were the highest among the three nitrogen application levels. Therefore, it was suggested that nitrogen fertilizer amount should be reduced appropriately in the cultivation process of Yunyanl 16 in Chongqing, 7.5 kg/hm2 lower than the local conventional nitrogen application amount was recommended. The difference of flue-cured tobacco leaf yield among different levels of planting density reached significant level (P<0.05). The difference of (lue-cured tobacco leal output value among different levels of planting density failed to achieve significant level. The yield and the output value of flue-cured tobacco leaves under high planting density level, 2213.25 kg/hm2 and 58 980. 00 yuan/hm2 , respectively, were the highest among ihe three planting density levels. Therefore, it was suggested that planting density should he increased appropriately in die cultivation process of Yunvanll6 in Chongqing, 16 665 - 18 116 plant per hectare was recommended. The difference of due-cured tobacco leal yield and the difference of flue-cured tobacco leal output value among different levels of number of leaves remained were all not significant. The yield and die output value of tobacco leaves were relatively highest under low level of number of leaves remained. [Conclusion] Nitrogen fertilizer a-mount should be reduced appropriately and planting density should be increased appropriately in die cultivation process of Yunyan 116 in Chongqing. 7.5 kg/hm2 lower than die local conventional nitrogen application amount is recommended nitrogen application amount. 16 665 - 18 116 plant per hectare is recommended planting density. The number of leaves remained can be determined based plant growth vigor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aimed to study the effects of germination temperature on potato production and tuberization. [Method] At Jintang county of Sichuan, three germination temperature levels such as 1.5, 10-15 (room temperature) and 20°C, were used in this experiment before sowing. [Result] With the increasing of germination temperature, the germination speed of seed potato increased. At the end of germination, the bud diameter, bud length and bud number of treatment room temperature and 20°C were significantly higher than that of treatment 1.5°C,. During the sprouting period of seed tuber, ABA content was a decreasing trend, and the descending speed was faster with the increasing of germination temperature, but the content of IAA, CTK and GA increased totally during the sprouting period of seed tuber. After seedling, the higher germination temperature was, the more stem number was, and the lower stem diameter. At the early growth stage, the plant height increased with the increasing of germination temperature while at the later growth stage, the plant height was opposite. Compared with treatment 1.5°C , the fresh yield of treatment of room temperature and 20°C, was increased by 15. 3 % and 15. 6 % while the tu-ber number per plant of that was increased bv 18. 8 % and 23. 9 % , respectively. At the same lime, I lie proportion of tuber that≥90 g decreased, and the proportion of 30 -60 g tuber increased, but there was no significant effect on commodity potato rate. [Conclusion] Properly increasing the germination temperature of purple potato before sowing would improve the population number, increase tuber number and yield, and change the tuber size distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Eating and cooking qualities in the low amylose content rice with different ecotypes were studied in this paper. [Method]The cooking physico-chemical factors and the RVA profile characteristics of 21 low AC rice varieties grown at different altitudes were determined, and the cooking and eating quality characteristics ol indica and japonica were analyzed, and the correlation among the eating quality indexes was also analyzed. The differences of cooking and eating quality characteristics of different ecological low AC indica rice were compared, and the correlation among different eating quality indexes under different altitudes was analyzed. [ Result]The PAT and ASV was significant and extremely significant between low AC indica and japonica rice. The correlation among the cooking physico-chemical factors was not significant, but the correlation between RVA profile characteristic values was large, and was significant with some cooking physico-chemical factors. There were significant differences in AC, FC and SRV among different ecotypes of low AC indica rice, which were greatly affected by the environment. With the decrease ol planting altitude, the increase ol temperature, the decrease ol AC and SRV , rice became soft and sticky. The correlation ol the PKV , BDV and CSV of indica rice with different ecotypes was the same, but there was a significant correlation between AC and some RVA profile characteristics in Zhefang. [Conclusion]The GT of low AC indica rice was significantly higher than that of Japonica rice, and its taste quality was slightly better than that of Japonica rice. The cooking and eating quality characteristics of low AC rice were mainly caused by the difference ol amylopectin. The key index determining the food quality ol die RVA profile characteristics was the PKV , that is, the higher the PKV , the softer and stickier the rice, and the lower GT, the less time to reach the PKV. For rice varieties of low AC with different ecotypes, the lower the planting altitude, the lower AC, the closer the relationship between the cooking physico-chemical factor of and the RVA profile characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The main purpose of this paper is to identify the main physicochemical properties affecting crop cultivation by multivariate analysis, and try to simulate an optimized formula of growth media based on various raw materials by uniform mixture design method. [Method] In this study, tomato cultivation experiment was carried out on the 25 different growth formulas which contain 8 individual substrate components with 5 oiganic substrates and 3 inorganic substrates including hydrogel. Values for total porosity, bulk density, pH, total N, P, K, EC, organic matter and humid acid were determined on 25 substrate blends. The moisture characteristic and agronomical traiLs were measured during the growth. These data were processed by multivariate analysis to explore the relationship between physicochemical properties, water characteristics and cultivation effects of different growth media and to optimize the formulation. [Result] The results showed that the physicochemical properties of the substrates could be grouped into 3 main factors including nutrients, organic matter and bulk density. Moisture retention and porosity of growth media had a significantly positive correlation with the plant growth and yield. However, the effect of the total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter and humic acid content of the substrate on the yield of tomato had not been observed. Hydrogel could significantly improve the moisture retention ability, which was conducive to plant growth and development, and increase yield. The tomato yield increased by 22. 72% when the hydrogel content increased from 0.05% to 0.95% (weight ratio). By regression fitting of the model, the matrix formulas of yield and output ratio were optimized, the optimal substrate blends for maximum tomato yield and VCR were bagasse 28.39% + herb residue 4.10% + fungi residues 4.55% + lignite 10.94% + peatmoss 20.84% + perlite 19.56% + vermiculite 10.74% + hydrogel 0.88% and bagasse 10.25% +herb residue 15.79% + fungi residues 20.75% + lignite 24.34% + peatmoss 8. 78% + perlite 8.47% + veimiculite 10.74% + hydrogel 0.08%, and the yield and VCR could reach 2692 g/plant and 3.70, respectively. [Conclusion] Unifoim mixture design and multivariate analysis method are effective tools to develop matrix formulation optimization for soilless culture, which help to elucidate the mechanism of different raw materials and their physicochemical properties on cultivated crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed lo clarify the appropriate drip irrigation quota for topping-mature period of flue-cured tobacco. [Method] A field experiment was carried out to study the ellects of five different drip irrigation quotas (0.0, 10.5, 17. 5, 24.5 and 31.5 mm) on the growth, NPK and water utilization efficiency of due-cured tobacco. [Result] The results showed that the best agronomic traits, the largest biomass of tobacco stem and leal, the highest N and irrigation water utilization rate, and the most coordinated potassium chlorine ratio and nitrogen alkali ratio of tobacco leaves were all observed in die treatment of 24.5 mm. Compared with other treatments, in the treatment of 24.5 mm, the biomass of tobacco stem and leal increased by 4.7%-16.4% and 3.7% - 18.3 %; N and irrigation water utilization rate increased by 3.8-18.3 percentage points and 0.9% —9.4%; potassium chlorine ratio of middle tobacco leal increased bv 32. 1 % , and nitrogen alkali ratio decreased by 32. 4 % , respectively. [Conclusion] This study shows that, 24. 5 mm is an appropriate drip irrigation quota for the topping-mature period of flue-cured tobacco in die region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aim of this paper was to provide a theoretical relerence for the application of loss-control urea in rice production in yellow soil. [Method] Based on the same application rates of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the rice cultivar Leyou 58 was employed to explore the ellects of loss-control urea, with various adding amount of loss-control agent (1 %,2%,3%,4%,5%,6%), on rice yield, nutrients uptake and utilization. Meanwhile, no nitrogen and common urea fertilizer were taken as the controls. [Result] No regular changes of rice yield observed with increasing the dosage of loss-control agent, while the accumulation of nitrogen in rice grain, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice straw, and potassium in aboveground parts showed regular variation. At the same time, regular changes were also observed on rice nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium harvest index and potassium absorption efficiency. Compared with common urea treatment, six kinds of loss-control urea with the loss-control agent of 1 % -6 % could increase the rice yield in some degree, among which 1 % adding amount performed the best. The yield increasing rate was up to 12.22 %. The adding amounts of 1 % , 2 % and 6 % enables absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium by rice and accumulation in the rice seeds sufficiently to promote the yield and quality of rice. The adding amount of 3 % enhanced the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice straw, increased the resistance and promoted the growth. [Conclusion] To sum up, the effect of urea with 1 % loss-control agent performed the best in rice production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The purpose of this paper is to verify the reliability of HRM technology identification results in SNP molecular markers, and provide reference for the selection of hybrid corn seed purity identification methods. [Method] In this study, hybrid maize ‘Jiajia Rung No. 2’ and its parents and approximate hybrid combinations ‘JR02’ were used as the materials to identify the purity of hybrid maize ‘Jiajia Rong No. 2’ by using two methods of field planting identification and SNP molecular markcr-HRM technology. [Result] The seed purity by field planting identification was 97. 8 % and by SNP molecular markcr-HRM technology was 97. 1 %. [ Conclusion]The results of i-dentify by SNP molecular marker-HRM technology is reliable, so it can be used as one method of hybrid maize purity identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] In order to study salt tolerant pepper varieties and improve the salt tolerance and drought resistance of dried pepper, the CaNAC61 gene was cloned, bioinformatics and expression level were analyzed. [Method]The CaNAC61 gene was cloned by RT-PCR, and the physicochemical properties, secondary and tertiary structure of protein and phylogenetic tree were analyzed. Quantitative real-time PGR ( qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the expression of the gene under stress. [Result] NAG transcription factor gene CaNAC61 (Genebank: XM_016719693. 1) was obtained from dried Pepper, the open reading frame length of the gene was 885 bp, encoding 294 amino acids, and the relative molecular weight of protein was 33.67 kD , the theoretical isoelectric point was 6. 26. CaNAC61 was aligned with the homology of NAG family members in different plants and the phylogenetic tree analysis showed that, CaNAC61 belongs to the ATAF subfamily. Quantitative RT-PGR analysis showed that CaNAC61 responded under 6 abiotic stress treatments. The expression was up-regulated more significantly under NaCI treatment than other stress treatment, followed by drought treatment. [Conclusion]In this paper, CaNAC61 gene was cloned successfully, which provided a theoretical basis lor studying the function of NAG transcription factors in dried pepper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The aim of this paper was to screen Paspahim dilatalum germplasms with strong drought resistance, and provide theoretical basis for the breeding and promotion of drought resistant germplasm. [Method] A drought simulation pot experiment was carried out with six P. dilatalum germplasms, and then the changes of various physiological indexes under drought stress were evaluated by means of principal component analysis and membership function. [Result] Under drought stress, the malondialdehyde contents of all the six germplasms gradually increased from the start to the 21st day, then a sharp increase was observed during 21st -28th days. The peroxidase activity, catalase activity,and soluble protein content increased first and then decreased,reached the maximum at 14 day,with one exception that the soluble protein in P. dilatalum germplasm coming from Meitan, Guizhou reached the maximum at 7th d. The total soluble sugar content displayed a significant upward trend,while the chlorophyll content showed a significant downward trend. The results of principal component a-nalysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components reached 92.64 % ,which could be identified as a comprehensive index for drought resistance evaluation. Comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance showed that the drought resistance of the P. diliilatum germplasm from USA was the strongest,followed by the one from Anlong (grass slope) , Guizhou, the one from Vietnam was relatively weak, and the other germplasms rank in the medium position. [ Conclusion ] In the breeding and promotion of drought-resistant P. dilaUitum germplasms, American P. ddalatum germplasms with stalwart drought resistance should be selected priorly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of grain size and weight on the total anthocyanin content(TAC) of ‘ Yungu No. 1 ’ . [ Method] Anthocyanins from black rice were extracted by extraction method, and the absorbance value of solution was determined by pH differential method. Date analysis was carried out by statistical method. [ Result] There were significantly positive correlations between TAC of black rice and grain size and weight (P<0.001). Grain thickness had the highest correlations with TAC, followed by grain weight, width and finally the length. The difference of TAC was not obvious when grain thickness exceeded 1.80 mm, and there was an intermediate transition state which the thickness between 1.70 to 1.80 mm. A new comprehensive variable was extracted by the Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis, which explained 96.3 % of the x-variability and 78.8 % of the y-variance, respectively, and the prediction rate for TAC was 77. 1 %. [ Conclusion] Grain size and weight not only affect the appearance quality and physical properties of rice, but are also closely related to some nutrient contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The prevention of soil-borne diseases in the system of rice-rape rotation is a biological control method and a better cultivation. The present paper aimed to isolate and screen the antagonistic bacteria against Rhizoctonia solani in rotation soil. [Method] The plate culture and antagonistic tost of Rhizoctonia solani which is an identified pathogenic fungus was conducted. Adopt plate culture confrontation method to inoculate strains isolated from rice-rape rotation soil were into a plate containing Rhizoctonia solani to screen antagonistic bacteria. Physiological and biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis of antagonistic strains. [Result] Seventy-seven strains of bacteria were screened from the soil of long-term rice-rape rotation experimental field, and 4 isolates have obvious antagonism to Rhizoctonia solani. Identification of antagonistic Rhizoctonia solani by modern molecular biology and physiological and biochemical, two antagonistic strains were found to be Bacillus Jlexus and the other two were Bacillus suhtilis. [Conclusion]The study provided a scientific basis for the antagonistic effect and potential of functional strains in rice-rape rotation system and revealed the mechanism of soil microbial control of soil-home diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] DA1 homologues were identified in litehi and their sequence characteristics were analysed. This paper aimed to provide theoretical reference lor studying the function of DA1. [Method] In this study, eDNA from seeds was used to amplify the full sequence ol LcDAl. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the physical and chemical properties, the structure of LcDAl proteins. [Result] Based on transeriptomie data, three homologues ol DA1 were identified from litehi and named as LcDAl-l , LcDAl-2 and LcDAl-3. Nucleotide sequence ol LcDAl-I, LcDAl-2 and LcDAl-3 were predicted to have ORFs ol 1479, 1419 and 1104 bp, which encode 492, 472 and 367 amino acid respectively, amino acid sequence analysis showed that LcDAl-1, LcDAl-2 and LcDAl-3 all contain LIM conserved motifs. [Conclusion]The functionally important domains in Ia:DA1 proteins are conserved, indicating that LcDAl proteins play an important role in litehi seed development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to clarify the curing characteristics of different quality upper leaves, such as green tobacco leaves, few rainy sunshine tobacco and multi-fermented tobacco leaves. [Method]A dark box and an electric oven were used to study the yellowing characteristics and water loss characteristics of the upper leaves of different qualities and dynamic changes of moisture, color and pigment and activity of polyphenol oxidase in flue cured tobacco during curing of Hong-hua-da-jin-yuan. [Result]In dark box and curing test, the yellowing speed of more fertilizer and turn green tobacco leaves was slower, the water loss speed was faster, the yellowing speed of rainy sunshine tobacco leaves was faster, and the water loss speed was slower;during the curing process, the degradation rate of the pigments in the turn green and more fertilizer tobacco leaves was slower, and the degradation rate of the pigments in the rainy sunshine tobacco leaves was faster;starch content was more fertilizer> turn green> rainy sunshine;polyphenol oxidase activity was rainy sunshine> more fertilizer>turn green;after curing, the proportion of ash and black bad smoke was relatively high, and rainy sunshine and more fertilizer tobacco leaves’ proportion of turn green tobacco leaves was higher, the percentage of baked green tobacco leaves was relatively high. [Conclusion] The turn green tobacco leaves are less roasting and have good curing resistance, rainy sunshine tobacco leaves are easy to roast and have poor roasting resistance, more fertilizer tobacco leaves is difficult to turn yellow, easy to brown, easy to roast and roasting resistance are poor, in the actual production process, the curing process should be adjusted according to its curing characteristics, to improve the quality of the roasted tobacco leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The quality of tobacco seedlings is the basis of high-quality and high-yield tohacco leaves, which directly affects the growth, yield, quality and quality of tobacco plants after transplanting. In order to cultivate a neat, strong, healthy, vigorous and stress-resistant tobacco seedling, the present paper aims to look for high-quality tobacco leaves. [Method]The new approach used Yunyan 99 as the material and three different light quality LED tubes as the light source, and set three levels of GA3 concentration, through greenhouse seedlings and field experiments to study the different qualities of light and gibberellin（GA3 ） treatment. Growth and development of the tobacco leaves and the changes in yield and quality of the toacco seedlings was observed. [Result]The resuns showed that supplemental illumination and spraying of appropriate concentration of GA3 could effectively increase the SPAD value of leaves, increase the photosynthesis of tobacco seedlings, enhance the root activity of tobacco seedlings, increase the absorption of nutrients and promote the growth of tobacco seedlings. The tobacco seedlings supplemented with light and sprayed with GA3 were transplanted to the field, and the growth period from the group to the bud stage was enhanced. The field appearance was uniform and the chemical quality of the leaves was improved. The yield, average price, output value, middle and upper, etc. of each treatment were improved. The proportion of smoke, the proportion of superior smoke, and the weight of single leaves all showed an increasing trend, and economic traits increased. Combination of blue light and 50 mg/L GA3 treatment resulted in best results. [Conclusion]Therefore, light and GA3 treatment of flue-cured tobacco can not only promote the growth of tobacco seedlings, but also improve the intrinsic quality and economic benefits of tobacco growing stage, and provide a simple and feasible technical means for improving the quality of tobacco seedlings and the quality of flue-cured tobacco in Luonan tobacco area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The present paper aimed to further improve the curing quality of the new cultivar Yuyan 10,and promote its demonstration and popularization.[Method]The experiment was carried out,and the middle leaves of Yuyan 10 were taken as materials.The effects of different temperature and humidity on the enzymes activities of carbon metabolism and the content of related substances during the yellowing stage,and cured quality were studied.[Result]The tesults showed that the activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism and the contents of related substances were affected by different temperature and humidity conditions during yellowing stage.The treatment T2 was more conducive to the degradation of starch and the synthesis of total sugar and reducing sugar.24 hours after curing,amylase activity was extremely significant negatively correlated with starch content,sucrase activity was extremely significant negatively correlated with starch content and significant positively correlated with total sugar content,starch content was significant negatively correlated with total sugar content.The main chemical composition content and sensory quality of cured leaves were also affected by temperature and humidity,the T2 has the lowest starch content and the best sensory quality during three treatments.[Conclusion] Synthesizing the above analyses,the temperature and humidity of T2 were the best to maintain enzyme activity of carbon metabolism,to promote degradation of starch and improve sensory quality.Therefore,the conditions T2 were compatible to promote in tobacco growing area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The aim of this paper was to provide a reference for edible rose cultivation and industrial development in Guizhou, and to know the adaptation of the four edible roses, Rosa glauea(RG), Rosa damascene(RD), Pingyin rose(RP) and White rose(RW), to the climatic environment in Guiyang, Guizhou, through the quality analysis of color of flowers, shape of petals, weight of flowers, characteristic of leaves, and composition of essential oils. [Method]Biological traits were obtained by field invesligation and statistics;the essential oils were extracted with steam distillation, and analyzed by GC-MS. [Result] 39 aroma components were observed in RG, RD, RP and RW19, 22, 10, and 26 kinds of components were respectively detected from RG, RD, RP, and RW, accounting for 99. 48 %, 98. 00 %, 94. 00 %, and 100. 00 % in total aroma components. Flavoring composition in RG were citronellol and geraniol(51. 44 % and 20. 47 %), and that in RD were geraniol and nerol(32. 72 % and 22. 71 %), in RP were citronellal and geraniol(55. 87 % and 24. 59 %), and in RW were also citronellal and geraniol(28. 21 % and 30. 38 %). Essential oils component in RD and RW were the closest to ISO 9842:2003. Linalool, terpineol, geraniol, acacia alcohol and n-heptadecane were observed in volatile oils of RG, RD, RP, and RW, accounting for respectively 24. 78 %, 46. 28 %, 30. 83 %, and 37. 54%. [Conclusion] RD, RW and RG well adapted to the climatic environment of Guiyang area, and could be cultivated and generalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Mastering the spatial distribution characteristics of cultivated land quality is the basis for optimizing the spatial layout of cultivated land, strengthening the quality of cultivated land and formulating the division of cultivated land. [Method] This paper took Jinggangshan City as the research case area, and constructed the comprehensive quality evaluation system of cultivated land, adopted the combination of global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial autocorrelation analysis, took the comprehensive quality of cultivated land as the spatial variable, and comprehensively analyzed Jinggangshan City from the township scale. The spatial distribution characteristics and clustering rules of cultivated land quality, according to which the division of cultivated land protection was divided. [Result]The results showed that the quality level of cultivated land in Jinggangshan City belonged to the middle and upper grade, and the comprehensive quality score of cultivated land was between 42 and 80. The quality of cultivated land in Jinggangshan City showed the spatial distribution of northwest high and southeast. The overall Moran’s I index of cultivated land quality in Jinggangshan City was 0. 79, showing a strong agglomeration pattern in spatial distribution:positive correlation HH and LL type cultivated land aggregation distribution, consistent with high-value cultivated land spatial distribution;negative correlation HL type and LH type cultivated land was scattered and had no significant concentration area. Considering the spatial clustering relationship between the natural quality, site environment, ecological environment and cultivated land quality of cultivated land, the plan of cultivated land protection in Jinggangshan City was proposed. [Conelusion] Corresponding protection measures are formulated according to the results of different types of cultivated land protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The present paper aimed to ensure the water-saving effect of super absorbent polymers on mango cultivation, and guide the water-saving cultivation of mango. [Method]A field experiment was set up to compare the effect of 40 %, 60 %, 80 %, 100 % conventional irrigation quantity co-applied with super absorbent polymers(40P, 60P, 80P, 100P, respectively) on soil water content, fruit quality and yield of mango orchards, with conventional irrigation quantity as the control(CK). [Result] The results showed that 40P treatment significantly reduced the soil water content, fruit quality and yied, wihle improved fruit weight(P <0. 05). The treatments of 60P, 80P and 100P significantly increased the soil water content, whose fruit weight and yied were not significantly different from the control. 80P and 100P treatments could significantly improve the internal quality of fruits, while except for the soluble solid content of 60P treatment evidently higher than the control, no significant differences of 60P and CK in fruit internal quality were observed. The correlation analysis showed that there was a very significantly positive correlation between soluble sugar content and the contents ofβ-carotene and carotenoid(P <0. 01). According to the weight analysis result, sugar-acid ratio, solid-acid ratio and carotenoid content were important indicators for evaluating the comprehensive performance of mango fruit quality and yield. The principal components analysis demonstrated that the comprehensive performance of fruit quality and yield of 60P, 80P and 100P treatments was better than the control, that was, 40% of water could be saved by applying super absorbent polymers, while 80P treatment had the best comprehensive performance. [Conclusion]To summarize, in the actual production, 80 g super absorbent polymers can be applied to each mango tree, and irrigation volume can be appropriately reduced to obtain the best mango fruit quality and yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical basis for efficient fertilization of pepper in yellow soil region of Guizhou province. [Method] Field test method was used to test the application of three slow-release fertilizers(stable fertilizer, nitro dualeffect fertilizer and controlled-release fertilizer) on pepper in the typical yellow soil area of Guizhou province, and to study their effects on yield, quality, nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization of pepper. [Result]The yield of pepper increased by 14. 3 %-19. 4 % after applying three slow-release fertilizers, which was significantly higher than that of conventional fertilization and no fertilization. The amino acid content of pepper was 8. 9 %-22. 7 % higher than that of conventional fertilizer, and the crude protein content was 2. 4 %-10 % higher. The nutrient contents of pepper leaves, stems and fruits were improved as well as the agronomic efficiency, partial nitrogen productivity and apparent nitrogen utilization rate of pepper. [Conclusion] The application of three slow-release fertilizers significantly increased the yield of pepper, improved the quality of pepper and increased the fertilizer utilization rate of pepper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of this paper is to improve the yield and quality of Chinese bayberry and promote the development of green-efficient bayberry industry. [Method] Taking Biqi bayberry as test materials, the application of humic acid soluble fertilizer(HASF)was studied for higher yield and better quality fruit, while two field experiments were conducted in Fumin County and Panlong District, Yunnan Province. [Result] The results showed that the yield and fruit quality were improved by spraying HASF with 800-1000 times concentration at pre-flowering, young fruit and fruit enlarged stage, based on conventional fertilization. The average single fruit weight, yield and net income of bayberry of spraying HASF were significantly higher than those of spraying water(CK), with up to 27. 86 %-31. 54 %, 13. 0 %-13. 4 % and 13. 8 %-14. 2 %, respectively, and the contents of soluble solids and vitamin C(Vc) increased by 18. 4 %-19. 54 %and 18. 56 %-24. 9 %, respectively. However, compared with conventional fertilization, spraying water had no significant effect on fruit yield and quality. [Conclusion] The yield, quality and economic benefit of bayberry could be improved significantly by applying HASF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of this paper is to further understand the function of AGL9 transcription factor gene andits effect on the formation and development of flower organs of tea plant. [Method]The highly homologous sequences of genes were selected when early studying the transcriptome differences of normal and sterile tea flower, the characteristic primer was designed to verify AGL9 gene by PCR amplification and analyzed its bioinformatics characteristics. Meanwhile, the characteristic expression of AGL9 gene was analyzed by qRT-PCR. [Result] The gene contained a 726 bp open reading frame, encoding 242 amino acids, with the predicting molecular weight of 27. 67 kD and theoretical isoelectric point of 8. 96, and it was named CsAGL9. The Blastn analysis sequence revealed that CsAGL9 was highly homologous with AGL9 proteins from various plants. Conservative primitive analysis showed that tea tree CsAGL9 had MADS-box and K-box and it belonged to class E functional genes. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that the expression of CsAGL9 in normal flowers increased with the growth and development of flowers, while the expression in petals, stamens, pistils and different developmental stages of sterile flowers was lower than that of normal flowers. [Conclusion] The CsAGL9 gene was speculated to play an important role in the development of petals, stamens and pistils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The aim of this paper was to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for the application of new photovoltaic agricultural technology in tea garden. [Method] Three kinds of filters with different photothermal performances were appliedin tea garden to cover tea canopy surface with photovoltaic glass substrates and compared with non-film treatment in a plot experiment. The effects of different filters on tea quality were analyzed based on meteorological data such as tea garden temperature and light during growing period. [Result]In spring and summer, the one-bud-with-one-leaf tea quality covered with three kinds of filters with different light and heat transmittance got changed. The best performance of the filters was the one(membrane 3) that could block both ultraviolet and infrared rays and selectively pass through red and blue light. In spring, compared with the control, the filters with low light transmittance had the best performance. This filter could significantly reduce the content of tea pigments, but has no effect on the content of amino acids. In summer, this filter could significantly increase the content of tea pigments and amino acids, and significantly reduce the content of tea polyphenols. The content of tea extracts in spring and summer was significantly decreased. [Conclusion]The quality of fresh tea leaves could be improved to some extent by adjusting the light and heat conditions of tea canopy in summer by using reflective filter film(membrane 3), which can block both ultraviolet and infrared rays and selectively pass through red and blue light. It is feasible to implement ’tea+photovoltaic’ in tea garden in summer, and it is hopeful to realize the efficient utilization of solar energy and tea garden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the nitrogen source can affect the pathogenicity of the secreted protein of Phytophthora infestans. [Method]The proteomics Label-free technique was used to identify the secreted proteins of Phytophthora infestans treated with nitrogen starvation for 24 hours and untreated, and bioinformatics analysis was performed on the identified proteins. [Result]A total of 61 proteins were found to have significant differences in expression levels, of which 41 proteins were up-regulated and 20 proteins were down-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis showed that they were 95 % localized in the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and secretory type, mainly involved in carbon metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis and rihosome metabolism. The biological processes involved were mainly cellular processes, metabolic processes and cellular component tissues or biological origins. [Conclusion]Nitrogensources increase the secretion of pathogenic proteins and affect the pathogenicity of Phytophthora infestans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The purpose of this paper is to establish the foundation of protoplasts culture, cell fusion and cell re-differentiation of Yunnan Oryza meyeriana Baill. [Method]The yield and vitality of the protoplasts with different concentrations of enzymatic hydrolysis, enzymatic concentration, enzymolysis time and osmotic stabilizer concentration were determined. The optimal system for protoplast isolation and cultivation of Yunnan Oryza meyeriana Baill. were screened. [Result]The results showed that the period of the established embryogenic suspension cell lines of Yunnan Oryza meyeriana Baill. could be shortened to 45-60 days. The yield and vitality of protoplast was up to 1. 45×106/g·FW and 90. 17 %, respectively, under the condition of 1. 5 % cellulase +0. 3 % pectinase +0. 6 M mannitol+5 mM MES+5 mM CaCl2, enzyme hydrolysis for 2 hours. Moreover, regenerated plants could be obtained from the protoplast of Yunnan Oryza meyeriana Baill. under solid-liquid culture. [Conclusion]A system for rapid isolation and cultivation of protoplasts from Yunnan Oryza meyeriana Baill. was established, which is of great significance for the studies of important plant resource, germplasm innovation and the discovery of its excellent gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Phospholipase D(PLD) is an important protein family in rice, which works essentially for growth, development and response for abiotic stresses. The present paper aimed to acquire the basic biological information of rice PLD. [Method]The bioinformatics studies of 16 PLD-family members were performed on gene structure, protein motif, spatio-temporal expression patterns and hormone-induced expression patterns. [Result]The rice PLD genes varied in the length from 2982 to 11 305 bp, and they contained different exon numbers from 3 to 21 while it remained almost the same numbers for those genes belonging to a subtype. Moreover, this family presented a high similarity on protein sequence, and exhibited same motifs except for OsPLDφ and OsPLDκ. According to the database of RiceXPron, PLD-family genes were found expressed higher in roots, stems, leaves, anthers and ovary, and lower in germ, endosperm and other parts. In addition, they behaved different response to honnones, many of which were up-regulated by jasmonic acid(JA) and abscisie acid(ABA), repressed by brassinolide(BR) and cytokinin(CTK), while insensitive to gibberellin(GA) and auxin(IAA). [Conclusion] Members contain the same type of motifs, indicating that they are functionally conserved and consistent;each member exhibits a different response pattern after different hormone treatments, suggesting that rice PLD members perform differenl functions in stress response. These findings provided a basis for further studies on biological functions of rice PLD family members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The present paper aimed to clarify the relationship between soil nutrients and chemical components of tobacco leaves in Kunming tobacco area, so as to provide theoretical basis for the production of high-quality flue-cured tobacco in Kunming tobacco planting area.[Method]The relationship between soil nutrient status and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco in Kunming tobacco area was studied by descriptive statistics and canonical correlation analysis.[Result] The results showed that the pH value of tobacco planting soil in Kunming tobacco area was generally suitable,content of available nitrogen was higher, and the content of effective phosphorns was was moderate but not balanced. The content of available potassium was abundant, and chloride content was at medium low level, but the distribi and reducing sugar of tobacco leaves in Kunming tobacco growing area was high, the alkali ratio were moderate, potassium and chlorine content were relatively low, but but potassium and chlorine were relatively High. Canonical correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between soil nutrients and the main chemical components of tobacco leaves in Kunming tobacco growing areas. [Conclusion] Within a certain range, the decrease of soil pH value, oiganic matter and chloride ion content was consistent with the decrease of nicotine and total nitrogen in flue-cured tobacco leaves; the content of available potassium and available phosphorus in soil was consistent with the increase of total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium content, nitrogen-alkali mtio, potassium-chloride ratio and sugar-alkali ratio in flue-cured tobacco leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives]This paper aimed to study the morphological characteristics of embryos and larvae during the development of Schizo-thomx prenanti.[Methods]The typical characteristics of the fish embryo development and the morphological characteristics of the larvae at 1 -30 days of age were studied.[Results] (i) The mature egg? of the slashed fish were demersal eggs with light yellow, the color was bright, and the egg diameter varied from 2.8 to 3.1mm. After fertilization, the egg? appear slightly sticky. At a water temperature of 14. 1 to 16.8 °C , 4 -5 hours after fertilization, the blastocyst surface of the uplift began to appear as a divisional ditch, and the fertilized egg entered a cleavage stage; 11-12 hours after fertilization, entering the blastocyst stag?; 18-20 hours after fertilization, entering the gastrointestinal stage; 39 -40 hours after fertilization, entering the stage of neuroblast; 47-50 houn? after fertilization, the embryo body developed into the organogenesis stage; 140 hours after fertilization, it began to enter the membrane stage. The newly hatched larvae were 9 to 10 mm in length,(ii) 1-11 days after hatching, the eyes, fins, mouth, sputum, sputum, body surface pigment,digestive system, blood circulation system, etc. of larvae were developed and perfected; On the 10th to 11th day after hatching, larvae started eating plankton. 12-22 days after hatching, the digestive system, fins and sputum were further developed, and the yolk of the larvae was exhausted and completely exogenously nutritious. 22-30 days after hatching, the development of larvae was further improved, the food intake was strong, and the micro-particle compound feed was palatable.[Conclusions] The embryonic development of the squid and the developmental characteristics of larvae from 1 to 30 days old were observed. The purpose of this study was to understand the early developmental characteristics of the embryos and larvae of Schizothomx prenanti and to accumulate the basic data for the artificial breeding of the squid, which would provide scientific basis and technical support for laige-scale breeding in the artificial proliferation of Schizothorax prenanti. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] he aim of this paper was to explore the function of A. davidianus antimicrobial peptide family genes during the infection process of C. freiindii.[Method] qRT-PCR method was employed to analyze the expression response of antibacterial peptide family genes at different time after infection and the expression changes of different tissues and organs.[Result] After 12,24, 36, 48 hours infection, the antibacterial peptide family genes AdCath 1, AdCaih 5 and AdCath 8 were induced in skin, liver and spleen, and the expression levels were higher than that of the control 1 X PBS, especially the difference was significant between 0 and 36 hours. The expression of the three genes in skin and liver was higher than that in spleen. Especially at 36 hours, the expression of AdCath 1 in skin tissue was 92. 35 times that of 1 X PBS; At 48 hours, the expression of AdCath 1 in liver tissue was 52.99 times that of 1 X PBS.[Conclusion] Antimicrobial peptide genes played an important role in the interaction of 4. davidianus diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the expression difference of the six melanin-related genes of goat ASIP,EDN3,PAX3,TYR,TYRP1andDCT in the skin tissues of adult goats with different skin color and the expression pattern in B16-F10 cells.[Method] The skin tissue of Youzhou dark-skin goats and Banjiao goats and the B16-F10 cells of proliferation phase and differentiated phase were used as experimental materials, then the expression levels of six melanin-related genes were detected by qRT-PCR and the correlation of six genes was also analyzed.[Result] The results of skin tissue test showed that compared to Banjiao goats, the expression of ASIP in Youzhou dark-skin goats was significantly down-regulated(P<0.01),but PAX3, TYR, TYRP1 and DCT were significantly up-regulated(P<0.05 or P <0.01).The results of vitro experiments showed that in proliferation phase of melanocytes, expression patterns of ASIP, EDN3, TYRP1 and DCT were similar, while PAX3 and TYR were similar, indicating that they played different regulatoiy roles in pigment cell proliferation phase. In differentiation phase, ASIP had similar expression patterns with TYR, TYRP1 and DCT, and the expression levels were significantly correlated, suggesting that they were involved in the differentiation of melanocytes and the regulation of melanin synthesis. [Conclusion] The down-regulation of ASIP, the up-regulation of PAX3, TYR, TYRP1 and DCT were closely related to the abnormal depositional phenotype of skin melanin of Youzhou dark-skin goaLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] According to the requirement of climate, soil topography and other environmental factors for the growth and development of red-centered kiwifruit, the index system of regionalization by the soil data, terrain data and meteorological data from 1971 to 2017 at 24 stations around Wangcang county was established to provide a reference for the development layout of Wangcang red-centered kiwifruit industry and fill in the gap of local research. [Method] Based on the GIS technology and the 1.250000 DEM data which were fd to perform grid estimation and spatial analysis on the red-centered kiwifruit regionalization indirom the National Basic Geographic Information Center, a small grid computing model was establishecators, and the planting suitabilities of red-centered kiwifruit in Wangcang county were divided into three regions' unsuitable area, sub-suitable area and suitable area. [Result] The suitable area for red-centered kiwifruit planting covered 208. 53 square kilometers and mainly concentrated in the diagonal line of Mengzi town, Yingcui town and Zhengyuan town in the northeast of Wangcang county, the south Nonjian town, Hualong town in the east side of the east-west trough valley region and other regions; The sub-suitable area for red-centered kiwifruit planting covered 597. 15 square kilometers and mainly concentrated in the southern Wangcang county around the most suitable area. [Conclusion] The three ecological factors of climate, soil and topography were synthetically considered in the paper. The local reality of Wangcang county was fully combined, and the obtained detailed and intuitive results could be showed by adopting the index classification method and provide a valuable reference for the local government, decision-making departments and enterprises to plan and manage the development of red kiwifruit industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]This paper aimed to evaluate the water retention capacity of stratified soils. [Method] Indoor saturated drainage experiments were conducted in three types of layered soil columns (two layers, four layers and eight layers of sandy loam and sand, respectively). Compared with homogeneous sandy loam and sand columns, the soil water changes from 0 to 120 hours in different time interval were observed, the final soil moisture content profiles was measured, and a HYDRUS-1 D model was employed to imitate the drainage process for different soil columns. [Result]The combination of sand layer with sandy loam layer enhanced the soil water retention, and the increase of fine and coarse grained layers was supportive to soil water content. Furthermore, laboratory observation and software simulation confirmed that comparing soil moisture profiles, water drainage was mainly from sand layers more than sandy loam layers, which indicated that the capillary hairier between coarse grained layer underlying fine grained layer positively impacts water retention capacity for layer soil columns. [Conclusion]The results would be meaningful for water resource exploitation, polluted soil remediation and landfill contaminants prevention in arid and semi-arid areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]This paper aimed to explore the effects of fertilization on the growth and development of spring maize and the absorption and utilization of its nutrient elements. [Method] A field experiment was designed to study the effects of different fertilization patterns on the growth characteristic and nitrogen use efficiency of corn for continuous three years. [Result] With the growing period, the contents of chlorophyll, carbohydrate and protein in the leaves of corn by fertilization and CK showed a similar increasing trend, ordered as FP > OTP > CK in the same period. The plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, 100 grain weight, panicle grain number and panicle grain weight of corn at mature stage all showed FP > OTP > CK. Further, superoxide dismutase (SOD) , catalase, peroxidase activity of corn showed a similar increasing trend, while the leaf malondialdehyde content decreased with the fertilizer, and the difference between fertilizer and CK gradually expended with the growing period, suggesting that fertilization promoted the synthesis of spring maize growth and leaf physiological characteristics, especially in the mature period of performance. The accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in soil under energy application was mainly concentrated in the 0 - 10 cm soil layer, and the nitrate nitrogen content in the 0 - 10 cm soil layer accounted for 15.32 % -35. 64 % in soil (0 -30 cm soil layer) , supporting the surface-aggregation. Total nitrogen uptake under fertilization treatment showed FP > OTP>CK, with significant differences (PcO.05). Compared with CK, the total nitrogen uptake of spring corn under FP and OTP treatment increased by 58. 9 and 82. 9 kg/hm2 , respectively, and the nitrogen utilization rate was higher under FP treatment. [Conclusion] Altogether, it was considered that the fertilization mode significantly increased the grain weight and grain number per ear of spring corn at the ma-ture stage, indicating that fertilization promoted the increase of grain number per ear of spring corn to some extent and thus increased the yield of spring corn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aimed to clarify the allocation characteristics and variation trends of climatic resources in region along Hua-ihe river and Huaibei region, which would provide a theoretical and data support for adjusting agricultural crop layout and using resources more efficiently. [Method] By collecting the meteorological data (temperature, light and rainfall) from 7 local meteorological stations, the allocation characteristics and variation trends of heat, light and rainfall resources in wheat-maize double cropping system in Anhui were analyzed. [Result] During the maize and winter wheat growing season and annual, the mean daily temperature increased by 0.02, 0. 27 and 0. 21 °C , and the diurnal range of temperature decreased by 0. 25, 0. 26 and 0. 26 °C per ten years, respectively, due to rising minimum daily temperature. The accumulated temperature above 0 and 10 °C increased markedly by 60. 84, 54. 88 °Cd and 63. 77, 57. 81 °Cd per ten years during winter wheat growing season and annual, respectively. The annual sunshine duration decreased by 52.57,40. 90 and 93. 47 hours per ten years during the maize and winter wheat growing season and annual, respectively. The rainfall fluctuated markedly and showed no regularity during the maize and winter wheat growing season and annual. [Conclusion] Based on the analysis, the reasonable cropping pattern of optimal resource allocation should be adopted according to the temperature, light and water climate resources allocation characteristics and variation trends, improving yield and resource use efficiency of wheat-maize double cropping system in region along Huaihe river andHuaibei region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The present paper aimed to determine the suitable KNO3 topdressing dosage in the tobacco fertigation system. [Method] A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of four level (except CK) of KNO3 drip-fertigation amount (KNO3-0 % , KNO3-20 % , KN03-40 % and KNO3-60 %) on the biomass, chemical quality, and N, P, K utilization rate of flue-cured tobacco. [Result]The results showed that there was no significant difference among different KNO3 drip-fertigation amount treatments in the tobacco biomass, N, P utilization and chemical quality of tobacco. The K use efficiency increased by 2.3 -7.3 percentage point with the KNO3 reduction treatments, compared with the KNO3-O % treatment. The difference among KN03-40 % treatment, KNO3-60 % treatment and the KN03-0 % treatment had reached significant level. Positive relationship was observed between KNO3 drip-fertigation amount and the nicotine content, total N content in the tobacco. The nicotine content decreased by 34.5 % and 37.9 % with the KN03-40 % and KNO3-60 % treatment, respectively, and the total N content decreased by 13.3 % compared with the KNO3-O % treatment. The total nicotine-alkali ratio was improved with the decrease of KNO3 drip-fertigation amount, which increased by 5. 8 %-38. 5 % compared with the KN03-0 % treatment. [Conclusion] Under the condition of N 90 kg/hm2(dressing ratio was 5:5), the dosage of KNO3 topdressing should be reduced by 40 % -60 % , which was beneficial to increase the K utilization and improve the chemical quality of tobacco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed order to understand the composition of arthropod community and analyze the community structure, diversity and functional group structure in different months in the barley field of Linzhi,Tibet. [Method] Double diagonal five-point sampling method was used combined with artificial capture method and net capture method. Sampling identification and quantitative statistics of arthropods in winter barley field of farm of Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandly College were carried out. On that basis, the proportion and richness index, Shannon-wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, Berger-Parker dominance index, Association index and PC A components were calculated and analyzed. [Result] A total of 1973 arthropods were captured, belonging to 76 families, 12 orders and 2 classes. Coleoptera Coccinellidae and Homoptera Aphididae were dominant groups, accounting for 16.73 % and 40. 40 % of total arthropods, respectively. Curculionidae, Syrphidae, Chironomidae, Trichoceridae, Bibionidae, Drosophilidae, Tachinidae, Reduviidae, An-thocoridae, Lygaeidae, Rhopdae and Philodromidae were common species, accounting for 1.98 % , 1.27%, 1.06%, 1.37 % , 3. 35 % , 3. 75 % , 3. 65 % , 1.77 % , 1.27%, 1.42 % , 1.57% and 2. 94 % of the total population, respectively. There were 62 families of rare groups, accounting for 17.47 % of total arthropods. Diversity index, evenness index and dominance index were the highest in April, arthro-pod number was the highest in May and richness index was the highest in June. The similarities of arthropod groups were different in different months. [Conclusion] Aphids and ladybugs are dominant populations. The field arthropods of Linzhi barley in Tibet are composed of dominant, common and rare populations. The number of arthropods varied in different months. The number of individuals reached its maximum in May. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The syrphid flies are a group of important natural enemy insect and insect pollination. This paper aimed to explore the diversity, geographical distribution and faunistic characteristics of Syrphidae in Tibet. Using natural enemy insects and protecting the biodiversity is dedicated to provide you with basic information. [Method]Tibet region was rich in biodiversity and had a special geographical location and human environment. Species data were obtained through field survey and document literature. Combined with the research data, the geographical distribution of the family Syrphidae in Tibet was studied on the basis of the world animal geographical division and China animal geographical division. By geographical distribution and faunistic analyzing, the data of species, geographical distribution and faunistic characteristics was obtained [Result]There were 117 species of Syrphidae in Tibet, belonging to 3 subfamilies, 16 families and 43 genera. The faunistic composition was just like following: 39 species in oriental region, accounting for 33.3 % of the total; 20 species in the Palaearctic region, accounting for 17. 1 % ; and 58 species were cosmopolitan species, accounting for 49.6 %. There were 39 species in Qinghai-Tibet subregion and North China subregion, accounting for 33. 33 %. There were 38 species in Qinghai-Tibet subregion and Northwest subregion, accounting for 32. 5 %. There were 30 species in Qinghai-Tibet subregion and Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang region, accounting for 25. 6 % , which was the same number in Qinghai-Tibet region and central China. [Conclusion] The faunistic of Syrphidae dominated by the widespread species, followed by the oriental ones, and then Palaearctic ones. Among the zoogeographic subregions in China, the species in Qinghai-Ti-bet region and North China region shared the most species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to clarify the genetic diversity and composition of non-toxic genes of Magnaporthe oryzae in Taojiang. [Method] Genetic diversity of 29 M. oryzae isolated and purified from several late rice varieties in Taojiang disease nursery was analyzed by 8 pairs of SSR primers. And nontoxic gene of 19 isolates were identified through 18 near-isogeniclines(NILs) whose resistance gene to blast were known. [Result]The results indicated that under the 0. 70 similarity coefficient and 0. 30 difference coefficient level, the total isolates of twenty-nine could be divided into seven genealogies. The dominant genealogy 1 contained 12 isolates, accounting for 41.3 % of the total isolates. The V genealogy contained 7 isolates, accounting for 24. 1 % of the total isolates. The other 5 genealogies contain 1 -3 isolates, accounting for 34.6 % of the total number of isolates. The pathogenic frequency (pathogenic frequency = the number of susceptible rice varieties / the number of total tested rice varieties x 100 %) ranged from 35 % to 75 % , and there were 3 strong pathogenic iso-lates (pathogenic frequency > 70 %) which accounted for 15. 7 % of the total isolates ;7 isolates were highly pathogenic (70 % > pathogenic frequency ^50 %) , accounting for 36. 8 % of the total isolates. Nine medium pathogenic isolates (50 % > pathogenic frequency ^20 %) , accounted for 47. 5 % of the total isolates, and the average pathogenic frequency of the tested isolates was 49.86 % . The virulence frequencies of 19 isolates to NILs (virulence frequencies = the number of isolatesto be tested the virulence with NILs / the number of all isolates x 100 %) were identified by avirulence gene, it was shown that more than 70 % of the virulent genes what with highly virulent were Pi-ks, Pi-ztand Pi-ta. The resistance gene whose virulence frequency was between 50 % and 70 % with medium virulence were pi-kp , pi-z5 , pi-t, pi-sh and Pi-5. The virulence frequency of the other resistance genes was less than 50 %. [Conclusion] The population of Pyricularia oryzae in Taojiang, Hunan province has abundant genetic diversity and complicated pathogenicity differentiation. The resistance genes Pi-3, Pi-i, Pi-11, Pi-19 and Pi-12 have excellent resistance to M. oryzae in Taojiang area and can be used in disease resistance breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The study aimed to isolate and determine the pathogen of Machilus ihunbergii anthracnose, and to screen appropriate fungicides against M. tliunbergii anthracnose. [Method] In this paper, tissue block separation method was used for the isolation of the pathogen of B. variegate anthracnose. Acupuncture method was used for the confirmation of the pathogen of M. tliunbergii anthracnose. The pathogen was further identified by morphological and molecular biology methods. The indoor toxicity test of seven fungicides on pathogen of M. tliunbergii anthracnose was determined by mycelium growth rate method. [Result]The results showed that M. tliunbergii anthracnose was caused by Colletotrichum sp. , and different fungicides showed the different inhibitory effects on Colletotrichum sp. 98. 4 % . Carbendazim showed the best inhibitory activity, and the inhibition rales of different test concentrations were 100 %. In addition, 97 % Pyraclostrobin and 98 % Thiram also displayed good inhibition, and the EC 50 values were (19.74 ± 1.79) and (55.92 ± 5.34) μg/mL, respectively. [Conclusion] This study was the first report about anthracnose of M. tliunbergii and caused by Colletotrichum sp., 98.4 % Carbendazim, 97 % Py raclostrobin and 98 %. Thiram were the best fungicides against Colletotrichum sp.This study provides an important theoretical basis for the recognition, identification and prevention of M. tliunbergii anthracnose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective]This paper aimed to analyze the plant development, yield and quality characteristics of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) intercropped under rubber plantation with paired row planting system (RPRRPS) and to understand their performance which would provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of rubber tree / Roselle intercropping pattern. [Method] Five observation areas were set up in the wide rows of RPRRPS. Under different light duration and intensity, the plant height, stem diameter, branch numbers, leave numbers, fruit number per plant, fruit weight, calyx yield, mineral elements and nutrient contents of the intercropped and monoculture Roselle were analyzed, and their yield and quality performance were evaluated. [Result] (i) E7 produced the highest number of branches and leaves per plant of Roselle in intercropping area, followed by M10, W7. E4. and W4 . (ii) Intercropping significantly depressed the fresh calyx yield of Roselle because of reduction in fruit number per plant and fruit weight. M10 produced the highest fruit weight of Roselle in intercropping area, which have no significant difference with that of monoculture. The fresh calyx yields of M10, E7 and W7 were higher than E4 and W4. (iii) The contents of calcium, manganese, crude protein and total sugar in the calyx of Roselle in the intercropping area were significantly lower than those in the monoculture, but the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc and total llavonoid in the inter-cropping area were significantly higher than those in the bare field. [Conclusion] The intercropping under RPRRPS tended to reduce vegetative growth and calyx yield and yield components of Roselle. The calyx quality of intercrop Roselle had no significant difference among different treatments. The intercropping area between W7 and E7 was more suitable for the Roselle growth. Shade-tolerant crops could be planted at other intercropping area to achieve the maximum economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective] This paper aimed to investigate the effects of different nitrogen levels on the expression of 0sAAP6 gene in rice and further explore the effects of OsAAP6 gene on the contents of protein (including glutenin, prolamin, globulin and albumin) and amino acids in rice grains under different nitrogen fertilizer conditions so as to utilize OsAAP6 gene for improving the nutritional quality of rice in the future. [Method] Five nitrogen concentration gradients were set up to detect the expression level of OsAAP6 gene from the genetic materials in rice, and the protein contents and amino acid contents in the mature seeds by near infrared grain analyzer and Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 method were analyzed. [Result]With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer concentration in the field, the expression level of OsAAP6 gene increased significantly, which could promote the accumulation of glutenin in rice grain and then increased the total content of grain protein in rice. Simultaneously, with the increase of nitrogenous fertilizer application, OsAAP6 gene could significantly increase the total content of amino acids in rice grain. [Conclusion] OsAAP6 gene expression level increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer concentration in the field, and could promote the nutritional quality in rice, such as the protein content and amino acids content in the grain, which provided an important reference for the future utilize of OsAAP6 gene to improve the nutritional quality of rice grain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to reveal the genetic diversity of blaslogenesis by phenotypic characters of walnut in Xinjiang, aiming to provide the basis for classification, determination and utilization of germplasm resources of walnut in Xinjiang. [Method] Based on the comprehensive survey on germplasm resources of walnut, phenotypic character indexes and data were collected. Simpson (D) and Shannon-Weaver indexes (H') were used to conduct diversity test on polymorphism of qualitative characters, and classify the sample test of walnut germplasm through hierarchical clustering according to phenotypic character. [Result] The five quantitative characters of walnut complied with normal distribution in K-S test. The range of variations in three-diameter mean value was from 19. 14 to 46.59 mm. Among the polymorphism indexes of phenotypic and qualitative characters in walnut, the base section and shoulder section containied high levels of I) and H'. Germplasm walnuts were classified into nine categories, which were related to phenotypic characters, such as sizes, shapes and shells, rather than geographical distribution. [Conclusion] Phenotypic character and diversity analysis make it possible to assess the diversity of walnut germplasm resources in Xinjiang. Besides, it also demonstrates the high level for the diversity and phenotypic characters of local walnut germplasm resources in Xinjiang, containing abundant genetic resources and tremendous potential of utilization and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to provide the resource data support for innovation and quality breeding of Perillafrutescens. [Method] The oil, protein, fatty acid and moisture content in kernels of 132 Perillafrutescens germplasm resources at home and abroad were determined and analyzed. [Result] The content of oil, protein and a-Linoleic acid in kernels of 132 Perilla frutescens germplasm resources was 20.24%-53.71%, 10.86%-27.60% and 39.10%-73.06% respectively. The oil content was positively related to protein content very significantly. The a-Linoleic acid content was negatively related to content of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid very significantly. The linoleic acid content was positively related to content of palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid very significantly. The oil and protein content showed a bimodal distribution. The content of a-Linoleic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid showed a normal distribution. [Conclusion] The variation range in oil content, protein content and fatty acid composition of 132 Perillafrutescens germplasm resources is large, which indicates the genetic diversity. The oil content in seeds of 17 and 3 Perilla frutescens germplasm resources exceeds50% and 53% respectively. The protein content in seeds of 10 and 2 Perilla frutescens germplasm resources exceeds 25% and 27% separately. The a-Linoleic acid content in seeds of 8 and 2 Perilla frutescens germplasm resources exceeds 60% and 70% respectively. These germplam resources with higher content of oil, protein and a-Linoleic acid should be used in quality breeding of Perilla frutescens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the effect of light intensity and photoperiod on photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, and obtain the best combination of light intensity and photoperiod parameters that was propitious to leaves yield and utilization efficiency of light quantum. [Method] The experiment was conducted with 3 light intensity levels(150, 200, 250, 300μmol ·m–2. s–1)and 4 photoperiod levels (8, 12 and 16 h/d). Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content and yield were examined under every treatments. [Result] The chlorophyll a (Chi a), chlorophyll b (Chi b) and total chlorophyll (Chi a+b) content decreased, and carotenoid (Caro) content increased with increasing light intensity. Chlorophyll content and Caro content increased with the prolongation of photoperiod, and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal limitation (Ls) and mesophyll conductance (gm) increased with increasing light intensity, but the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) showed opposite trend, which indicated that the limiting photosynthetic rate was caused by non stomatal factors. On the condition of the same photoperiod, the Fv/Fm increased and then decreased with the enhancing of light intensity, in addition, stronger radiation caused higher value of non photochemical quenching (NPQ), which showed that the increase of light intensity could promote the heat dissipation but block the utilization of light energy in PSII. Prolonging the photoperiod increased Fv/Fm and the ratio of light energy uses for thermal dispersion. At 8 and 12 h/d photoperiod, increasing light intensity was beneficial to increase the fresh weight of lettuce leaves. But when photoperiod got to16 h/d, the fresh weight of leaves increases and then decreases with increasing light intensity. Weak light and long light were beneficial to increase the light quantum efficiency (P). [Conclusion] The intensity of 250 mol · m–2·s–1 and the photoperiod of 16 h/d were most conducive to yield and light energy utilization efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the effect on the amount of rhizospheric soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activity of Parisbpolyphylla var.Yunnanens seedlings colonized by Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi. [Method] A pot experiment was conducted and 28 species of AM fungi were inoculated in the seedlings of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis. The number of culturable microbes in rhizosphere soil was calculated by the dilution method of plate counting, and the laboratory analysis was used to analyze soil enzyme activity. [Result] The mycorrhizal infection rate of the different AM Fungi treatment groups was in the range of 75% — 100%. The difference of rhizospheric soil microorganism quantity, biomass carbon and soil enzyme activity of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis seedlings colonized by different AM Fungi exist.Inoculation with AM fungi increased the number of culturable bacteria and actinomycetes, decreased the number of culturable fungi in rhizosphere soil, and increased the utilization rate of the soil microbial carbon source.It also changed the richness and homogeneity of species in soil and increased the biodiversity of soil. The activities of soil enzymes (protease, urease, phosphatase, catalase and sucrase) in the rhizosphere of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis seedlings were increased, especially the activities of phosphatase and sucrase. [Conclusion] AM fungi affected the rhizosphere soil microenvironment of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis seedlings in different degrees and provided important theoretical and practical values for the artificial cultivation and application of AM fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to understand chemical properties and available microelement characteristics of soil for growth of wild Bletilla striaes, explicit suitable soil environment of Bletilla.striaes cultivation and provide a reference for soil environment selection of Bletilla.striaes artificial cultivation. [Method] The microelement effective state and chemical properties of soil for growth of wild Bletilla.striata were investigated by field survey and the sufficient and lack level was analyzed by indoor analysis to discuss restriction factors affecting soil available microelement content. [Result] The pH and content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, rapid available potassium, available Cu, available Zn, available Fe and available Mn in soil of Bletilla.striata cultivation are 7.65-7.99, 26.86-280.58 g/kg, 1.55-14.44 g/kg, 0.47-0.99 g/kg, 1.89-19.52 g/kg, 99-641 mg/kg, 2.40-18.75 mg/kg, 70-122 mg/kg, 0.45-1.70 mg/kg, 0.83-14.66 mg/kg, 11.80-119.85 mg/kg and 24.88-52.55 mg/kg respectively. [Conclusion] The suitable soil environment for Bletilla.striats growth is alkalescence and needs higher content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and rapid available potassium. The soil organic matter, N, P and K content has no obvious effect on Cu and Mn content in soil. The content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil is positively related to Zn and Fe content very significantly.Selecting the soil with higher content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus can improve available Zn and Fe content in soil during Bletilla.striata artificial cultivation process, which is beneficial to growth and quality of Bletilla striata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Acid mine drainage(AMD)not only damages soil structure, but also changes the soil elemental composition. [Method] In this study, the paddy soil polluted by AMD for a long term and that uncontaminated by AMD from Tongling mining area were studied. The present paper aims to explore the impact of AMD on the elemmental composition of paddy soil profile, the elemental contents in soils from different depth of profiles(0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100 cm). [Result] (i)AMD pollution resulted in the decrease of the soil pH values, and all of pH values were lower than 6.5 in the paddy soil profiles polluted by AMD;(ii)AMD pollution increased markedly the electrical conductivity and S and P contents in the soil profile, the electrical conductivity and S content in soil horizon of 0-10 cm from the profile polluted by AMD were 1. 91 and 2. 36 times larger than that uncontaminated by AMD, respectively;(iii)the heavy metals following AMD into farmland were mainly Cu, Zn, Pb, As and Cr., the concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb in 0-40 cm all showed enrichment tendency. [Conclusion] The pollution index of Cu, Zn and Cr in 0-100 cm was more than 1, and the pollution of Pb and As was mainly in 0-10 cm. AMD pollution mainly for heavy metal pollution, the main enriched and pollution depth of 0-40 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper describes the results of forest pest survey in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau over the past half century. [Method] According to different insect species and ecological elements, forest pests in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are divided into two types:artificial forest and virgin forest. And according to the characteristics of different areas, pest control methods were analyzed. [Result] The biological characteristics and occurrence rules of 9 important pests which occur frequently and seriously are described. [Conclusion] Native pests are the mainly hazard factors in virgin forest, and the main harm of planation was invasive pests Forest pest. Control on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau can adopt’three changes to three uses’ green prevention and control methods and zoning management mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the suitable tolerance range of main yellowing time during the bulk curing process. [Method] We researched the effects of different flue-cured tobacco parts under different time combination during yellowing stage on the economic characters and sensory quality. Electrothermal temperature humidity control dense flue-curing barn and flue-cured tobacco variety K326 were used for this experiment. [Result] The results showed that the conditions of curing for 70 hours and keeping the main yellowing stage from 20 to 40 hours during yellowing stage was good for the yellowing of different parts of flue-cured tobacco leaves and the fixation of color. Until curing for 72 hours, the filtration rate of tobacco leaves reached 45% to 55% and the chlorophyll degradation rate achieved over 85%. Under the condition of curing for 70 hours and keeping the main yellowing stage from 30 to 40 hours during yellowing stage, the economic trait of flue-cured tobacco were better than any other treatment. Moreover, the tolerance of sensory quality was relatively large in two time combinations, leaf tip yellowing time 10 hours and main yellowing time 35-40 hours or leaf tip yellowing time 20 hours and main yellowing time 30-35 hours. [Conclusion] Under the conditions of curing for 70 hours, main yellowing time 20-40 hours during the yellowing stage could basically meet on the industrial demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]