1. Paper-based electrochemical immunosensor for label-free detection of multiple avian influenza virus antigens using flexible screen-printed carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane electrodes.
- Author
-
Lee D, Bhardwaj J, and Jang J
- Subjects
- Animals, Birds, Humans, Influenza in Birds diagnosis, Influenza in Birds virology, Influenza, Human diagnosis, Influenza, Human virology, Limit of Detection, Reproducibility of Results, Antigens, Viral analysis, Biosensing Techniques methods, Dimethylpolysiloxanes, Electrochemical Techniques methods, Electrodes, Immunoassay methods, Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype immunology, Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype immunology, Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype immunology, Nanotubes, Carbon, Paper, Virology methods
- Abstract
Many studies have been conducted on measuring avian influenza viruses and their hemagglutinin (HA) antigens via electrochemical principles; most of these studies have used gold electrodes on ceramic, glass, or silicon substrates, and/or labeling for signal enhancement. Herein, we present a paper-based immunosensor for label-free measurement of multiple avian influenza virus (H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2) antigens using flexible screen-printed carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane electrodes. These flexible electrodes on a paper substrate can complement the physical weakness of the paper-based sensors when wetted, without affecting flexibility. The relative standard deviation of the peak currents was 1.88% when the electrodes were repeatedly bent and unfolded twenty times with deionized water provided each cycle, showing the stability of the electrodes. For the detection of HA antigens, approximately 10-μl samples (concentration: 100 pg/ml-100 ng/ml) were needed to form the antigen-antibody complexes during 20-30 min incubation, and the immune responses were measured via differential pulse voltammetry. The limits of detections were 55.7 pg/ml (0.95 pM) for H5N1 HA, 99.6 pg/ml (1.69 pM) for H7N9 HA, and 54.0 pg/ml (0.72 pM) for H9N2 HA antigens in phosphate buffered saline, and the sensors showed good selectivity and reproducibility. Such paper-based sensors are economical, flexible, robust, and easy-to-manufacture, with the ability to detect several avian influenza viruses., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF