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This research was the following objectives: a) Identify the academic stressors present in the master’s students and b) Establish the causal attributions explain the appearance of academic stressors in students of expertise. To achieve these objectives court conducted a qualitative research through case study method. The technique for collecting information was the narrative and applied to a group of 15 master’s students. The results confirm that the students master centrally identified four types of stressors attributional two reasons: uncertainty and the negative evaluation of their capabilities.

The present paperexposes hallucinogens from several points of view. These diverse lateralities indicate the basic lack of scientifici and antropological support for the psychogenic nature of a hallucinogen. This paper seeks to de-demonize that reputation and expose its history, anthropology, chemistry and pharmacology. It is possible that hallucinatory plants were amongst the first botanical specimens used by mankind in his religious ceremonies. Uses such as divination, weather prediction, contact with spirit and ancestral worlds, were among some of those shamanic functions. The study engages in chemical analysis of the different structures that appear principally responsible for hallucinatory experiences. The latter as respects LSD-25 as a special case. The pharmacology of hallucinogens is quite vast and the present paper discusses only some of the compounds. A three phase classification is also mentioned as an explanation of the hallucinatory experience itself.

This paper approaches one of the issues that Charles Taylor proposes as he describes and figures out the genesis of modern identity; the one that explores the relationship between collective and individual identities. The modern idea of being or having a self leads to the notion of inner nature. However, it comes to a self that cannot be fully articulated and that only from a web of interlocution with others can be defined. Thus Taylor examines omnipresent ideals of which we are not aware about right and freedom; this search leads him to the issue of background languages. Without refusing the idea of individuality, he looks for which remains as a fundamental value for the human condition, which ultimately makes our perspective one among other perspectives. Finally, combining Taylor, the Freudian concept of culture, and the thin line between individual and collective psychology, the paper analyzes the concepts of perplexity, horror, and break-in, invoking authors like the ethno-psychoanalyst T. Nathan and A. Sampson

Este artículo de reflexión presenta algunos conceptos y nociones significativas que permiten la aplicación de la teoría de los sistemas autorreferentes al pensamiento humano. Igualmente este documento presenta resultados parciales de una investigación sobre la teoría del pensamiento configuracional desde la concepción de los sistemas autopoiéticos de Maturana, además de la teoría de los sistemas autorreferentes de Luhmann. Por lo anterior, se configura un fundamento ontológico y epistemológico del pensamiento configuracional. Se proponen tesis ontológicas y epistemológicas sobre el pensamiento humano, al considerarlo como un sistema autopoiético, autorreferencial y auto-configurativo. Finalmente, se sugiere que la biopraxis es la operación reproductora que genera al pensamiento configuracional como sistema cerrado. Abstract This reflection paper presents some notion and meaningful concept wich allow the application of the Self –Reference Luhmann’s theory to the human thought. Also this paper presents parcial results of research on the Maturana’s theory on configurational thought from conception of autopoietic systems; in addition to the Luhmann’s theory of Self-Reference. Ontological and epistemological on the human thought are proposed, considering it as a self-referential autopoietic system, and self-configurative. Finally, it is suggested that spawning BioPraxis operation is generated by a closed system configurational thought.

Abstract This paper aims to explore the research of the seedbed group, examining the imaginary concept students have in relation with the undergraduate training program at the university. Initially, the semantic universe on research seedbeds group is recognized through the technique of free association; after, these ones were evaluated through a structured interview in order to know the reasons why they can be assigned for seedbeds groups. Finally, based on students’ consideration; emotional skills, social and scientific competences were investigated, which every researcher must open in their field of exercise. In this research paper, 72 students from seedbeds group of Colombian public university participated. The results are presented under a descriptive - exploratory model and they include the approach of the complementarities. Resumen El presente artículo de investigación tiene como fin la exploración al interior de los semilleros de investigación, indagando en el imaginario que tienen los estudiantes sobre el programa de formación en el pregrado universitario. Inicialmente, se reconoce el universo semántico sobre semilleros de investigación a través de la técnica de asociación libre; luego, se examinan, por medio de una entrevista estructurada, los motivos para estar adscritos a semilleros; por último, a consideración de los estudiantes, se indagan las habilidades emocionales, competencias sociales y científicas que debe desplegar un investigador en su campo de ejercicio. En este estudio, participaron 72 estudiantes del programa semilleros de una universidad pública de Colombia. Los resultados son presentados bajo un modelo descriptivo-exploratorio e incluyen el enfoque de la complementariedad.

Abstract This reflection paper aims to summarize the empirical evidence about the efficitiveness of the strategies based on mindfulness and the emotional intelligence (EI) oriented to solve problems which make possible to show negative emotions. In addition, this paper also proposes future challenges in order to distinguish the proposal that these two coping strategies (emotional inteligence and mindfulness) have at the time of managing and adapting to the experiencies of such emotions. The methodology used focuses on identifying experimental studies which have assessed the effect of programs directed to develop emotional intelligence and mindfulness. Finally, new types of research are proposed for futures studies which will be able to give answers to the current questions. Resumen El objetivo del presente artículo de reflexión consiste en resumir la evidencia empírica sobre la eficacia de las estrategias basadas en la atención plena y en la inteligencia emocional para gestionar la solución de problemas que comportan la aparición de emociones afectivamente negativas. Además, se proponen retos futuros con el fin de distinguir el aporte que cada una de estas dos estrategias de afrontamiento (inteligencia emocional y atención plena) tienen a la hora de gestionar y adaptarse a la experiencia de dichas emociones. La metodología utilizada se centra en la identificación de estudios experimentales, que han probado el efecto de programas dirigidos a desarrollar la inteligencia emocional y la atención plena. Finalmente, se proponen nuevas líneas de investigación para futuros estudios que puedan dar respuestas a las preguntas que se plantean en la actualidad.

Abstract This article presents the results of a 2009 research paper. This papers purpose was to determine the effect of Su-Jok therapy in anxious patients. Anxiety is one of the most frequent causes in psychology sessions. The research work allowed for evaluation of Su-Jok therapy performance in anxious patients at “Céspedes Argote” health center in Arroyo Naranjo, Havana, 2009. An empiric, observational, descriptive and transverse study was carried out. Patients were chosen from a simple random sampling of 144 patients selected from a group of 325 anxious patients. The collected data was processed in Microsoft Excel database; by statistical package SPSS, Version 11.0. Cattell questionnaire was used to assess their anxiety and Su-Jok therapy was applied as the sole treatment. Better evolved patients (inferior and average anxiety) who reached 74% were able to relieve the anxiety during the first weeks of treatment obtaining better results than those who attended sessions every day. It was concluded that Su-Jok therapy is an effective way to reduce patient’s anxiety. Resumen El presente artículo presenta los resultados de un trabajo de investigación del año 2009, que permitió determinar el efecto de la terapia Su-Jok en pacientes ansiosos del Policlínico “Céspedes Argote” de Arroyo Naranjo, Habana. Se realizó un estudio empírico, observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Del universo de 325 pacientes ansiosos, se seleccionó una muestra probabilística aleatoria simple de 144. Se utilizó el cuestionario Cattell para medir la ansiedad y se aplicó como único tratamiento la terapia Su-Jok. Los datos recopilados se procesaron en una base de datos en Microsoft Excel, mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS, versión 11.0. El 74% de la muestra logró aliviar la ansiedad desde las primeras semanas y hubo mejores resultados en los que asistieron siempre. En conclusión, se demostró la efectividad del tratamiento con terapia Su-Jok en los pacientes ansiosos estudiados.