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The aim of the scientific paper is to deepen into the domain analysis and network analysis of the bibliography about professional competences from the perspective of organizational psychology, looking for the existing relations between authors and trends, significant because of their direct influence on the members of an organization. The techniques used, network analysis and domain analysis, allow getting clusters that group data with similar features considering units of measure such as co-citation and co-occurrence. As a result, the characteristics of the competence models related to organizational psychology, their limitations, initial development, evolution and trends are presented.

This paper explores the theoretical review of technological innovation on SME survival by looking at literature review with SME studies. Previous reference on survival is still scarce even it is the key benchmark to measure business performance. It has been demonstrated within the literature that the practice of technological innovation is significantly associated with business performance but its effect towards SME survival is underexplored. SME survival refers to the year of business operation, availability of future plans and diversity of product/service range. According to social scientists and management experts, among the main technological innovations highlighted in literatures are namely sophisticated machines and equipments, fusion of different technologies, gadgets machines and equipments, fusion of different technologies, and gadgets as tools of innovation. By looking at the technological innovation scope by Diaconu (2011) ; social networking, computerized record, online marketing can be categorized under the current technological innovation as these mediums are based on technology and influence the development intensity with new or improved process or products. Apart from this justification, among other approaches, these three mediums are close to the business and its potentials are yet to be optimized. In short, the critical discussion provided in this paper would help to strengthen the body of knowledge on SME studies, besides to act as a reference for research in other countries. Findings from this review shed some lights on the potential of social networking as part of online marketing; as the online customers are greater than the typical offline customers. Also, the effect of online marketing via social media is more powerful and diverse due to its ability to reach customers regardless of geographical locations.

d Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Abstract The recognition of training as an important development of human resource in implementing the quality of its human capital needs is no longer a new issue. However, despite several attempts trying to improve the success of training transfer onto the job, majority of the employees attending training had indicated that they had less successfully transferred the knowledge, skills and attitudes they have learnt and even further minimal change in behavior in their job-related performance. In this paper, the qualitative and quantitative investigation was conducted to examine the extent of training transfer knowledge activities (in compiling, gathering, collating and synthesising the employees experience, knowledge, skills and abilities) among executives at selected agribusiness and agro-technology based organizations. Final knowledge on training transfer performance and program were further formulated with feedback from training transfer expert. This paper contributes to the alternate model in favour of innovative and sustainable governance of a holistic agribusiness policy framework.

Realising that the National Vision and National Agricultural Policy to make Malaysia a major world producer of food and agricultural products; agricultural institutions in Malaysia have been given the task to help to improve the income of target groups that covers the rural areas farmer, and the poor income group nationwide. This is line with the National Key Result Area (NKRA), which may require all departments and agencies under the Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry to improve the income levels, and hence the quality of life of these rural areas farmers. In order to enhance the level of income, and create wealth in economy among these target groups, it is critical to build innovative governance model for the rural transformation center so as to improve sales of agro-based industry products. Hence, the objective of this paper is to focus on reviewing successful governance related to managing the agribusiness products from rural farmers, planters, and low income groups of producers. The expected outcomes highlight to formulate new policy, practice and reliable ways of assessing the innovative and sustainable governance model for global agribusiness Institutions.

The sociotechnical regime of the print-on-paper prevails as the main medium of textual communication despite concerns on its environmental implications. Radical innovation in the form of application of generic technologies is required to address these sustainability concerns. Electronic book technologies are seen as those applications of IT providing an alternative form of textual display. According to sociotechnical transitions theory the electronic book is positioned as a niche in relation to the print-on-paper regime. SNA is applied in order to describe the niche as a sociotechnical network. It emerges that network substructures indicate potential sociotechnical trajectories regarding the development of the electronic book niche.

This paper aims to examine the relationship between users’ characteristics towards adopting the LLMTG. These relations were found correlated in its intention to adopt this type of glass in building structures. Despite the indication provided by numerous empirical studies, the organizations that adopt the LLMTG will gain more competitive advantage and improvement. It is strongly believed that this attempt would contribute both to knowledge of the diffusion of innovation and to implications for practice by assisting the industry to understand the important factors when adopting innovation. Rich data will be collected using questionnaire among managers from all industrial in Malaysia.

This study investigates the effect of hypermedia-hypertext and paper-pencil type concept maps created in the Basic Chemistry I course for the subject of atom and bonding on students’ meaningful learning. The research was conducted with a total of 30 students enrolled in Basic Chemistry I at Hacettepe University, Faculty of Education. An atom-bonding knowledge test and concept maps were used as data collection tools in this study. It was established that concept maps created using the hypermedia-hypertext technique contribute to the students’ meaningful learning.

The Resource-based View (RBV) of the firm is a strategic management theory that is widely used by managers in project management. The RBV has to date been a promising theory that examines how resources can drive competitive advantage, especially project management (PM) capabilities that have been customized to a specific organizational environment and developed over time. However, Despite the advantages offered by the RBV to practitioners and scholars alike, the theory has been under attack by opponents claiming that there is an overenthusiasm for what the theory can deliver, especially concerning a lack of criteria for generalizability and definitional ailments. This position paper will give an overview of the supporters and opponents of the application of the RBV in PM practice and research. The position of the authors of this paper, which is in favour of the continued application of the theory to PM contexts, will be detailed and supported by conceptual and empirical findings from the literature. This paper will end with future research recommendations that will highlight research that can be done to curb criticisms of the theory and enhance and rejuvenate its use in practice.

Knowledge management started to be perceived as a scientific discipline relatively recently. Since its beginnings in the 1990s, the interest for this research field has been constantly growing especially in the past two decades. However, it seems that the peak of interest has already passed. In this paper, we provided the review of the most important research documents that are related with this topic, all collected from the Web of Science. The most important scholars and journals in the field are identified via documents and citations among them. In addition, the purpose of this paper is also to analyse the existing linkage between knowledge management and innovation. For this purpose, a network of keywords was constructed with keywords performing as actors in the network and the co-occurrence as a relation. The network obtained of keywords is undirected and weighted by the number of documents in which adjacent keywords which co-occurred on the topic of knowledge management. The content analysis with traditional network analytic techniques was used. In other fields, similar methods were already applied; however, this is the first attempt to construct this kind of research in knowledge management related to the topic of innovation. The results revealed significant linkage between knowledge management and innovation in the documents which were analyzed. We believe that the network analytic procedures used in this paper provide an excellent tool to study such a relevant phenomenon.

Cloud computing is today's edge of ICT, being present in quite all fields of economy, society and human life: education, medicine, industry, communication, etc., offering services and applications that are used daily by everyone connected to the internet. The quality of these services is a cutting subject for all stakeholders. This paper synthesizes some relevant researches focusing on quality management approaches in software services using remote assistance as tool and cloud as support of this service. As first step, the literature review focuses on cloud as being the most emerging and comprehensive subject on the deck, then extends the research on software services supported by cloud, identifying quality interventions in these cases and in the end, is looking for quality related demarches in remote assistance of these services. The research tries to identify how quality could influence cloud products in favor of the customer, targeting better cloud-connected services and applications. Proposing an exploratory research, the paper's intended contribution is placed mainly in clarifying the mentioned concepts and the way they are correlated in the practical world.

The paper explores the potential of ICT-based visual resources for developing non-language students’ skills in the area of language and culture mediation in domain specific area. The legal administrative settings are taken as an example. The paper integrates the previous research findings regarding the visualization role in education and latest developments in the field under study. The research framework maps the concepts of visualization and cross-cultural mediation within the educational environment that is supposed to meet the multicultural society needs and challenges. The paper highlights qualitative analysis findings regarding the students’ use of visual resources with the view to their academic progress and professional development. The paper argues the ICT-based visualization in training language and culture mediation skills could facilitate information processing and domain specific knowledge acquisition in a foreign language$ the relevant resources use could enhance students’ professional background, their abilities to meet the labor market requirements regarding applied and research-focused task. The paper provides the relevant literature analysis, a detailed description of the research methodology, and commentary students’ pilot training outcomes, including the data of cluster and factor types of analysis and students’ survey results.

With the emergence of strategy literature both strategic aspect of human resource management and entrepreneurial activities in the organizations have been among the most remarkable subjects of research papers. In the literature the effect of strategic human resource management (SHRM) on firm performance has been extensively examined. The latest papers started to extensively investigate the effects of third variables in this relationship. Also, in recent years some researchers have studied and shown significant interactions between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and human resource practices. In this study we focus on the important role of entrepreneurial orientation on the relationship between SHRM and firm performance. For this purpose a questionnaire was prepared and data were collected from the firms that operate in different industries in Istanbul. The collected data from questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS and AMOS software programs. Analyses results indicated that entrepreneurial orientation mediated the relationship between strategic human resource management and firm performance (both financial performance and employee performance).

The aim of this paper is to suggest a specific teaching approach which employs a critical thinking model, as well as to show the possibilities for structuring professional knowledge and enhancing learning efficiency. Entering the world of global competition, the emphasis is on the need to prepare students to be communicative, collaborative, creative, innovative, to think critically and analytically, and to be able to effectively solve real-world problems. With higher-order thinking skills, which are essential for absorbing knowledge as well as for work performance, students will become effective communicators, critical and dynamic thinkers, competent problem solvers and career experts. By utilizing innovative pedagogy to support teaching and learning goals, students will be more likely to achieve their full potential and have their voices heard. The paper focuses on critical thinking for undergraduate ESP engineering students. Those students need strong critical thinking skills which are essential to get to the root of problems and find reasonable solutions. A model of critical thinking is designed to help those students to develop their thinking skills and prepare for a global, complex society.

The essential part of the hotel that wants to be successful are satisfied and loyal employees. The role of management is to lead employees to the success of the progressive achievement of the hotels goals. To achieve the general goal of the hotel that is to increase profits and maximize employee performance is not possible without systematic process of motivation. In view of the singularity of each employee is motivating difficult but desirable process. It is important to know and examine motivation factors, based on which we can establish suitable motivation tools. The most applied tools are motivation programs. It is not enough to design, but also to apply program so that its components act positively on employees and motivate them to achieve maximum performance. This paper deals with clarification of tools and factors of work motivation in hotels in Slovakia. The aim of this paper is to present a model that will serve hotel managers in cooperation with experts and employees draw up motivation programs to improve work motivation of employees in hotels.

This paper aims to examine the influence of business intelligence on organizational agility through Partial mediating variable Empowerment. The statistical population of the study is consisted of Tehran Construction Engineering Organization (TCEO) and ETKA Organization Industries co. 102 questionnaires have been distributed among managers and stakeholders of information systems and these have been analyzed via SPSS and Smart PLS software. Within this paper the Popovic business intelligence questionnaire (2012), Sharifi& Zhang Organizational Agility and Spreitzer Empowerment have been used. The hypothesis of study is: Business Intelligence has direct and indirect influence through empowerment on organizational agility. Secondary hypothesis seek to examine the impact of business intelligence on organizational agility, business intelligence on empowerment and examining the impact of empowerment on organizational agility. Research studies imply the confirmation of study primary and secondary hypothesis.

This paper addresses intercultural competence to carry-out projects in North-Africa with success, taking the example of Algeria and Morocco. There are only few publications related to project management in North Africa and even less related to intercultural competence. The paper makes a modest attempt to help close this knowledge gap. The case study approach taken offers a trans-disciplinary approach to a vast subject and facilitates the transition from an academic /model-driven approach to the day-to-day practical challenges of the project manager's profession in a North African context. The objective of the paper is to underline the importance of intercultural competence to create a non-for profit project management organisations in Algeria and Morocco. The paper refers to existing models and examines behavioural elements of the intercultural competence by giving tangible examples collected in the field. Finally the paper comes up with recommendations to be considered before and during project start, in order to manage projects successfully.

The concept of Value has been studied and developed in different contexts. There are numerous definitions of value depending on which context it has been studied in. Value management has been introduced to the construction projects, real estate and facility management business during the last decades. The long lasting life cycle of buildings and constant change in user's needs suggest that the concept of value and value management should be focused on users’ as well as owners’ needs in order to maximize the value creation and caption. An understanding of the concept of the value for users and owners of buildings will contribute to successful projects, sustainable buildings and greater value creation. The objective of this paper is first, to draw a map of how value is defined in different contexts and second, to establish an understanding of the concept of value which can be related to value creation for users and owners of buildings. This paper is exploring the literature within the following contexts: - Industrial economics and manufacturing - Consumer economics and marketing - Psychology and sociology - Real Estate (RE) and Facility management (FM) business The paper starts with providing an overview of theories and literature within the over mentioned contexts. Thereafter, the common ground in defining “value” in different contexts is discussed. The concept of value is then related to users and owners of buildings.

The birth of current students coincides with the rise of the first social media websites, making young people the most competent and the most frequent consumers and creators of social media content. Their savoir-faire in new technologies is a great motivation to intensively use various e-learning 2.0 elements in the process of learning, teaching and knowledge acquisition. This paper presents the experience from a study that stimulates the social media elements existing in the learning environment, and reinforces the use of various techniques intended to enable focused online collaboration and knowledge acquisition. In order to support cutting edge learning, the approach stimulates a pervasive access to scholarly articles, breaking news existing online, and open educational resources. The study has been performed for almost a decade in computer ethics courses attended by senior undergraduates from the University of Skopje, Macedonia, and junior graduates from the University of Novi Sad, Serbia. The paper exhaustively overviews the simulation of the social media inclusion in the learning process, as well as the activities performed during its execution. The subjective student impression of all implemented techniques is contrasted with the teacher estimated amount of acquired knowledge. The paper also emphasizes the benefits of the implemented approach, suggestions to educationalists intending to employ it themselves, and finally the intentions of the further inclusion of social media in educational technologies.

This research paper analyses three concepts that are correlated with the phenomenon of developing project management as a core competence of organizations. Project management competence is the individual's capability to support the organizational stability objective, aligning the mission and vision and optimizing the resource allocation to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage. This study reviews three concepts in relation to their assumptions and possible outputs: project management, competence management and psychological contracts. This discussion paper presents the thesis that these three concepts converge in an approach in which project management is, indeed, a core competence of the organization. To project-management-oriented enterprises, this concept can provide a fundamental research theme for business studies’ evolution. As the results of this reflexive paper, a series of possible research objectives are indicated, such as how the enterprise must stablish a psychological contract with subcontracted parties and employees in general, short-term hired professionals. Another concept concerns how companies should design a project management competence governance structure or system, using a framework of the International Project Management Association (IPMA), and how they can apply the ICB normative guide to develop project management as a core competence of Brazilian organizations.

There is an increasing growth of customers and regulators requesting enterprises to adopt the Environmental Management Practices (EMP) over the last 15 years and because of this, researchers and practitioners are becoming more interested in this area of study. This paper proposed an integrated model that combines the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Technology-Organization-Environment Model (TOE), two theories that are most often used in environment and innovation studies. In this paper, a model is created to show the relationship between TOE model, TPB theory and EMP implementation. With 205 valid questionnaires from the Federation of Malaysian Freight Forwarders (FMFF), the author tested the model on SPSS and AMOS. It was found that the environmental factor was the most influential factor affecting the adoption of EMP followed by organizational and technological factors. The entire TOE dimension and TPB theory greatly determines the company's adaptation of EMP. Finally, this study presents some suggestions to make EMP adaptation easier.

Internal service quality and organizational innovation are really important in satisfying the internal and external customers’ expectation and needs. Organizational innovation is actually one of the significant factors that can affect the internal service quality of the organization. This paper describes the development of Innovative Internal Service Quality (IISQ) Model in measuring the influence of organizational innovation (based on its three main determinants) towards internal service quality (reliability, responsiveness, tangibles, assurance and empathy) in MBKS while gender acts as the moderating factor. The paper examines three main determinants of organizational innovation (innovation leadership, managerial levers and business processes) which can affect the internal service quality of an organization as well as describes how those three determinants affect the internal service quality. It will help to provide future researchers with literature in studying the influence of organizational innovation towards internal service quality. This paper can contribute in developing an improved model for organizational innovation and internal service quality.

This paper presents the results of a study conducted with several major actors from the French financial industry, which aimed at developing a process for developing responsible innovations by deploying a design thinking method. We begin by presenting the context for the study which includes a brief description of our approach for understanding and exploring the issues raised by responsible innovation in a practical context. Secondly, the design thinking method is introduced as a potentially suitable approach for addressing wicked problems and thus, the integration of responsible innovation. The paper will conclude with a presentation of the process for developing responsible products and services which was developed throughout the study. The main purpose of the paper is thus to demonstrate that integrating responsibility in innovation does not have to become a constraint if it is incorporated as a tool for stimulating the creative capacity of innovation teams.

The paper provides integrated theoretical analysis of such phenomena as non-formal learning and Google-based Web 3.0 tools for education within a wide social context of the Higher education goals in the new millennium. The research goal is to explore university students’ perceptions on Web 3.0-based non-formal learning with regard to the students’ future performance on the labor market. The paper provides empirical analysis and interpretation of statistical data that reveal challenges that students might face when being involved in non-formal learning with Google-based Web 3.0 tools use, benefits that students might gain from being involved in the mode of learning under study. The research findings also prove that non-formal learning with Google-based Web 3.0 tools use is expected to contribute to the development of cross-curricular generic competences.

Modern development trends of knowledge-intensive industries determine the necessary reduction of time of the market waiting for technological novelties, which is achievable due to promotion of knowledge and innovations in an educational environment of large centers of higher vocational education formed in a new way. An efficient mechanism of solution for this task must become innovation educational projects at universities integrated with academic research. The paper deals with the prospects of using GIS-technologies and remote sensing ones as the main directions of implementing the innovation project in the sphere of environmental education. The main directions of perfecting the system of environmental education are grounded. In order to ensure the development of innovative thinking in future professionals, it is suggested to implement an integrated system of teaching, knowledge generation, project and innovative work of bachelors and master's degree students, their participation at the market of knowledge-intensive enterprises. The innovative approach to management of scientific and academic activity of the university is considered based on cluster organization of its activity. The paper suggests new models and technologies in the system of teaching that rely on the obtained experience of implementation of environmental education tasks and integration of modern technologies into it.

Purpose. The main purpose of the paper is to discuss the smart development of organizational trust by addressing its key tensions and contradictions. Methodology. The paper relies on the dialectical approach of dilemmas and paradoxes that surround the process of trust building. First, development of trust is perceived as a complex and organic process of bottom-up social interaction, not a product of mechanistic and interventionist top-down management. Thus, we rely on the complex dynamic systems approach (e.g. Glouberman and Zimmerman, 2002). Second, we regard trust development as continuous management of contradictions, thus we incorporate some key approaches of moral philosophy (“making tough choices in dilemma situations”) into the development of trust. Results. The dilemmas surrounding the development of organizational trust (e.g. short-term goals vs. long-term goals, performance vs. relationships, etc.) can be addressed based on three different ways of thinking stemming from the key streams of moral philosophy: ends-based thinking or utilitarianism (“do whatever produces the greatest good for the greatest number”), rule-based or deontological thinking (“follow the principle that you want everyone else to follow”) and care-based thinking (“do to others what you would like them to do to you”). Thus, smart development of organizational trust takes into account the inherent contradictions among organizational values, interests and goals. It seeks to align them in sustainable and productive ways in order to create value for organization and its stakeholders (despite their potential contradictions). The theoretical contribution. The existing theoretical research on trust does not sufficiently address the key dilemmas confronted by management. So far there was no attempt to link the dilemmas of trust development with the perspectives of moral philosophy. Practical implications (if applicable). The paper should enrich the manager’s mindsets in resolving the complex situations of trust building. Keywords: trust, smart development, dilemmas, organization, moral philosophy Paper type : This is a theoretical paper that attempts to combine the theoretical perspectives on trust building with major dialectic approaches of moral philosophy.

The paper considers the role of interactive forms of teaching, the project method in particular, in the implementing action and student-centered approach in the formation of socio-cultural and professional competences. The project method appears as a pedagogical technique, which is based not on integration of actual knowledge, but its application and acquisition of new knowledge and skills, including self-education. This determines the obvious advantage of this method in the study of disciplines, containing creative component, in the field of advertising in particular. Moreover, the most important advantages of the project method are the following: ensuring a high level of cognitive interest and students’ motivation, integration of theoretical knowledge into practice, development of the individuality, development and realization of students’ creative abilities. The paper concludes by presenting professional competencies, developed within project method.

Purpose. The main purpose of the paper is to understand characteristics of the information sharing process in complex systems on the base of public safety management and also identify the role of emergency call centres in this area. Methodology. The purpose of the publication has been achieved on the basis of research carried out under the research project titled "Coordination, communication and trust as a factors driving effective inter-organizational collaboration in the system of public safety management". This project was financed by the National Science Centre based on decision no. DEC-2012/07/D/HS4/00537. To achieve the purpose of the article, the desk research method and empirical investigations were carried out. Desk research was based on the analysis of international scientific literature and on analysis of internal documents, ordinances and regulations of police, fire brigade and medical rescue services in Poland. Furthermore, 54 semi-structured interviews were conducted with employees in selected emergency call centres across Poland. Results. As a result of research and analysis, the process of information sharing in complex systems was characterised and on the base of public safety management, this process was exemplified. Furthermore, the significance of emergency call centres in this area was identified. The theoretical contribution. Complex systems theory is characteristic of contemporary organisations and the modern world. It constitutes that all components of the system are interrelate and interact with each other [1] . Moreover that these systems interrelate with other systems and with their surroundings [2] . Therefore they need proper communication and information sharing to support relations within systems, between systems and between systems and their environment. From the perspective of complex system theory, the public safety management system constitutes a complex structure of units, subgroups and modules, configured differently for each situation dependant on needs. In this area, communication is a priority in modelling organisational behaviours and coordinating actions [3] . Therefore it is an appropriate research area in the field of information sharing and complex systems. Realised analysis makes a contribution to the development of research on more effective and more flexible management in complex systems and situations. For this reason they fit to sub-theme "Management intelligence for smart, sustainable and inclusive economy". Practical implications . The framework of analysis presented in the article should be useful for managers of public safety as well as for all managers dealing with complex systems. Keywords: information sharing, complex system, complexity theory, public safety management, emergency call centre. Paper type : Research paper. [1] Jiang, H. and Zhang, Q.-P. (2014), Development and Validation of Team Creativity Measures: A Complex Systems Perspective. Creativity and Innovation Management, 23: 264–275. [2] Chiva, R., Ghauri, P. and Alegre, J. (2014), Organizational Learning, Innovation and Internationalization: A Complex System Model. British Journal of Management, 25: 687–705. [3] Kozuch B., Sienkiewicz-Malyjurek K., Kozuch A.J.: Effective Organisational Communication in Local Emergency Networks, Wulfenia, vol. 21, No. 7, 2014, s. 193-219.

This paper discusses the importance of properly set up of communication strategy in project management. It describes one of the lesser known methods of creativity in communication - game theory. Game theory is relatively young mathematical discipline with the wide possibility of application into lots of scientific fields. From its beginning it is connected with the economy, but today it is the essential of many of managerial fields. In presented paper we want to present the particular examples of the game theory use in economy and management, mostly in project management with the intention towards the Czech environment. We pay lots of attention to the use of the model of Prisoner´s dilemma; we will present surprising conclusions of practical problems through the game theory. Next the paper illustrates the effect of the creative methods on the success of communication with all stakeholders of the project. It defines the proper setting of the communication strategy as one of the factor in the elimination of risks in projects. It judges the relation between the game theory and creativity towards the successful finalization of the project through the presentation of practical examples. It confirms the Bitlon’s and Cumming´s (2014) hypothesis, that the use of game theory makes possible to understand the stakeholders´ needs and their interests in a better way and to finalize the project successfully. This paper arose as one of the outputs of project KEGA No. 003/DTI-4/2014 with the title Diagnose system for identifying of competencies of managers of national and international educational projects.

Over the last decade or more, the development of professional competencies has come into sharp focus for higher education. The paper considers the results of studying the organizational and pedagogical conditions for developing the professional competencies of undergraduate students through independent learning. Due to the transition to a two-tier education system, a weighing factor of the independent learning has increased, causing the necessity to reframe a traditional model of organizing the process of teaching. As pointed out by employers, the level of graduate competencies does not always correspond to the operational tasks for bachelors in the field of quality management; the tasks are related to the development, implementation and maintenance of quality management systems and system efficiency analysis. Bachelors should be able to plan activities, set goals, make decisions, but this is impossible without developing the self-organization and independent learning. The necessary pedagogical conditions for developing the professional competencies during the process of independent learning have been identified. The paper provides some examples of organizing the students’ work in making projects, classroom activities, individual home tasks and tests on the Moodle e-learning platform.

Purpose. The main purpose of the research is to define business information transparency conception and to investigate its evaluation possibilities. Methodology. Research is based on analytical approach, there were invoked a systematic, logical and comparative analysis of scientific literature. Results. The transparency of the financial and non-financial information is one of the key factors which governs the stakeholders trust on the company. Various studies show that business companies tend to reveal only positive non-financial information and conceal not so good news. Thus, social report is used as a mean of advertising (Transparency International, 2009; Wensen et al., 2011). Of course such practice is intolerable because it reduces confidence on given information. Consequently transparent display of business information plays a significant role to the company. Both results of scientific research and practise observations announce about the necessity to get deeper knowledge how to assess the transparency of the business information. The theoretical contribution. Results of the research will contribute to further development of business information transparency assessment. Practical implications. Revealed business information transparency valuation possibilities could be used creating business information transparency assessment methodology and by separate company assessing its own business information disclosure. Keywords: transparency, business information, evaluation. Paper type: Theoretical paper.

Purpose. The aim of this paper is to present theoretical framework for measuring value of social innovations. The paper examines measurement of social innovations in the context of their multidimensionality and the triple bottom line (TBL) approach. Methodology. A scientific literature review and an analysis of international independent research projects on the topic of social innovations, developed by the European Commission, OECD, The Young Foundation and etc., has been done. The basis of the analysis are the theoretical frameworks for measuring value of social innovations and identification of key measurement indicators. Results. A theoretical framework for measuring social innovations’ value through the dimensions of social needs by adapting the TBL approach is presented. The theoretical contribution. Nowadays the relevance of innovation measurement has become a significant concern for both private and public sector not only at micro level but in mezo and macro levels as well. The core of social innovation is to meet the social needs by creating new or substantially and significantly improving or updating: products, services, processes, markets, platforms, organizational forms and business management models (Porter, Kramer, 2011; Caulier- Grice et al., 2012; Schmitz et al., 2013). Social innovation occurs within such dimensions as: demography, environment, new communities, poverty reduction, health care and welfare, ethical trade and service trends (European Commission, 2011, 2013). The value created by social innovation is shared in economical, social and environmental dimensions. The TBL was chosen as the basic approach for measuring value of social innovations because it covers all the above mentioned dimensions. Because of the same purpose “common good” the assignment of the appropriate measurement indicators can be integrated in measurement of the value of social innovation through TBL approach. The paper expands our understanding about measuring social innovations’ value on the theoretical basis. Our analysis contributes to the development of a universal measurement model for social innovations’ value with several insights. Practical implications . This paper presents the theoretical background that is needed in order to develop a measurement model for social innovations. The development of such framework would allow measuring value created by social innovations and its impact through the TBL approach dimensions. Keywords: Social Innovations, Measurement, Triple Bottom Line. Paper type : Theoretical paper.

Purpose. To distinguish the performance measurement systems and their application possibilities in the organizations of public sector. Methodology. At present the organizations of public sector are operating in the dynamical environment that forces the organizations to adjust to the constantly changing environmental conditions. The measurement of organization’s performance has been understood as one of management functions; however at present it is analyzed as the independently developing branch of science. The measurement of organizations in public sector is quite a problematic and very relevant issue. The performance measurement may be regarded as one of key tolls, which help to assess the present situation and to make decisions, which help to improve the quality of provided services with regard to this. Performance measurement is the tool that defines the organization’s improvement because no organization could operate effectively without measuring of its own performance. The importance of performance measurement in the organizations of public sector was increased even more by new public management, which objective was to adapt the performance measurement methods used in private organizations for organizations in public sector in order to organize the activity more effectively and to satisfy the needs of the users. The performance measurement theory and practice show that it is a complex process. Its complexity is caused by the nature of measured organizations in public sector and complexity of their activity. Results. To suggest the performance measurement systems, which suit the most for measurement of organizations in public sector. The theoretical contribution. The main goal of business organizations is to gain profit, while the organizations in public sector are non-profit making organizations. Therefore the problems arise when the performance measurement methods used for public organizations are applied for the public ones. Contrary to profit—making organizations, the objective of public sector’s organizations is to provide accessible and qualitative services, to satisfy public needs and to use the available resources effectively and efficiently. According to Zeithalm, Bitner, 2003, the competitive environment affects the most painfully such economic areas, which performance result is not tangible, and which impact is felt after the long time. Therefore it is very important for the public sector’s organizations to measure their performance systematically and consistently in order to improve the organization’s management and to increase the satisfaction of society with provided services and their accessibility. The problems of performance measurement in the organizations of public sector were analyzed by Gimžauskienė (2006), Isoraitė (2008), Moxham (2008), Puskorius, Raipa (2002), and Pociūtė (2002), who stressed that performance measurement models are not easy to adjust for the organizations of public sector because these organizations are oriented to the processes and not to the results. In order to measure performance of public sector’s organizations, it is very important to apply suitable performance measurement methods. This article analyzes the possibility to apply the complex combination of performance measurement methods known in business sector and applied in public sector sometimes, as this combination would help to focus on the core decisions of the organization in public sector, induce development of internal processes, increase the employees’ motivation for improvement and would serve as a tool to define the entity’s improvement as any organization cannot work effectively and objectively without measuring its performance. The critical moment in performance measurement of public sector is to identify the factors affecting the performance results of the organization. This process is very important for decision-making, which would determine the future results of the organization. The concept of value-creating factors is always changing in the context of dynamic environment and this causes management problems. Therefore performance measurement system is becoming more and more important tool that helps to make management decisions of organizations in public sector. Besides, the practical application of the measurement results – information – should be stressed not only with regard to decision-making, but also in wider sense, i.e. for the purpose of accountability, transparency, publicity, social responsibility, information and education with regard to all the interested parties, (Segalovicienė, 2011, p. 439). Keywords: performance measurement, public sector, public sector organization, methods of performance measurement. Paper type : Theoretical paper.

The purpose of the paper is to create the evaluation model of stakeholders’ importance in human resource training projects. To attain the papers purpose the literature review, content analysis, expert survey and qualitative synthesis are used. The main results of study reveal that training participants mostly consider the training projects’ appropriateness to own professional and personal interest. While managers and training providers highly value the application of new knowledge, skills and attitudes derived from training projects. Therefore, in order to generate stakeholders’ interest to human resource training projects and to ensure the projects’ usefulness, the individual benefits of training and the possibilities of learning application should be analysed and communicated for relevant stakeholder group. In view of the fact that human resource training projects are primarily focused on improvement of organisational performance, the congruence of training participants’ and their managers’ expectations about such projects is significant.

Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to analyse and observe the best way of how to develop and implement strategy and to avoid casual mistakes and problems made in the process. Paper analyses the research results collected through survey done among managers of Latvian organizations, providing the general conclusions of strategy development and implementation process made by management of middle and large size companies. Methodology. Paper provides theoretical overview of strategy development and implementation process contrasting it against the results of the survey gained through mathematical analysis of the responses. Results. Paper presents analysis of the management survey data, identifying the factors that influence strategy development and implementation. Most common way of developing the strategy is given, indicating the most commonly used counterparts of strategy for Latvian companies. Paper describes significance of employee involvement in the strategy development process, creation of tactical plan, regular overview of achieved results and necessity of revision of the strategy - contrasting the usage of such approaches to overall success of the strategy implementation. Analytical part also provides a management-performed self-evaluation of strategy implementation process and indicates what were the key factors influencing reaching the desired goals set in strategy. Second part of the article analyses the factors that hinder or promote the strategy development and implementation processes and provides a graphical overview of steps management should take to create and implement strategy. The theoretical contribution. Paper analysing the strategy development and implementation process talks on such issues as - employee involvement, adjusting financial incentives and creating appropriate organizational structure – factors that should be taken into account when strategy is implemented and shows how management should address them. Practical implications. Based on lessons learned in the paper and through the analysis of survey data - managers will be able to observe what approaches have proven to be effective for strategy implementation and understand what improvements are needed in their own practice of strategic planning.

This paper deals with our concept of teaching marketing at the University of Zilina – Faculty of management science and informatics. Our main educational goal toward the students is to teach them marketing approach and marketing way of thinking. The students work with real existing products. With study of market reality they try to understand strategic approaches. They work in teams. Single study groups deals with single products, which are direct competitors (e.g. Sony's PS4 and Microsoft's XBOX One…). At the end of the course students presents specific information and findings at a joint meeting. The results are also under discussion, which is necessary for a more comprehensive understanding of the market. Discussion results are generalized and confronted with theoretical knowledge. In our concept are crucial two factors: teamwork and the use of information-communication technologies that allow students to work better together. Our paper describes the concept of teaching the marketing course and its main meaning. Subsequently, we discuss a method of teamwork among students.

Several scholars in the strategic management literature have long acknowledged the critical role of managerial perception both in organizational decision-making and strategy formulation processes. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of strategy research from a managerial perception point of view. Thorough this, the paper analyses 22 managerial perception research published in strategic management literature. The study provides evidence for the significant influence that research from a managerial perception perspective has had on the field's understanding of how strategy forms in the organizations. The main contribution of this effort is an elaboration of various ways in which managerial perceptions influence strategy development process, beyond only implementation. A recommendation of future research opportunities within the managerial perception area is also provided. The research method used in this paper is literature review.

Work-based Learning is a transition from education in institutions to carriers. It is combines institutional learning with industrial learning and creates an integrated experience for the student. Basically, WBL is a learning approach that uses the work place as a medium for learning transfer. This paper discusses about WBL model applied in training institution and industrial field. Student will learn at the institutional education and industrial to complete their courses using WBL method. This paper also emphasis the WBL model in Malaysia that have been used in advance diploma courses in polytechnic KPM. To make sure WBL succeed, cooperation from all three parties, namely the student, the educational institution and the industrial employer, is important. Various models have been studied by researchers locally and abroad to identify the parties involved that make the WBL successful. This paper also described the comparison of WBL model and how its implementation in training institutions. It concludes with a review of the challenges in implementing a WBL model. The discussion that follows is grounded experience from various countries.

This paper is based on literature search. The contribution of organisational knowledge is widely acknowledged. It is one of the indispensable assets for the organisations. Organisations (NGOs) may use it for their internal administration and external operations. Thus this knowledge is used for the socio-economic development of the beneficiaries. Organisational knowledge harbours in the policies, procedures, experiences of the organisations. The employees are also the good sources of organisational knowledge. This paper understands that organisational knowledge may be used for the mobilisation of resources, it helps the organisation for their capacity development, organisations may use this knowledge to gain strategic advantages and organisational knowledge helps the organisations to response with the changing environment. Future researchers may empirically examine the issues in the context of NGOs, or any For-Profit organisation.

Various methods to assess innovation are used in companies and organizations. Audits provide little support for day to day use and few explicitly address how companies can benefit from the audit results in terms of e.g. how to learn, formulate goals and operationalization. Based on a concrete example, this paper explores how innovation assessment can be considered a tripartite audit process designed to support learning and give an increased cultural support for innovation. In the paper the audit process will be discussed from the perspectives of what, who and how. ‘What’ address the tool and assessment area, ‘who’ focus on the people that participates in the assessment process and ‘how’ on the very assessment execution. The awareness of the notion ‘innovation’ among the 70 industrial companies in the Automation Region Network in mid-Sweden are typically low, and as a response to that a pilot study project Automation Innovation Region (AiR) started in 2012 to develop support for innovation. During one year 2014/2015, employees in five companies (N= 44) participated in the study. The project developed a process, AiR Innowatch (Innowatch), combining a photo-based workshop on innovation, three workshops with themes on innovation climate, a web based weekly assessment tool, and a quarterly survey. The tools focus on innovation culture (what), the process highlights reflection, learning and integration (how) on assessment results from the perspective of individual, group and organisational (who) perspective. The goal was to design a learning based audit process that supports the companies to independently continue their work for increased innovativeness after the formal assessment process. This paper present the tools developed and the results from the pilot study as a base for discussion on auditing as a tool that supports learning and development of an organisational culture for increased innovativeness in established organisations.

The following paper presents the model for introduction of gamification into the field of e-learning in higher education. Concepts and differences between techniques and methods of game-mechanics and game dynamics are explained. With proper integration of gamification in the field of e-learning into higher education, a positive impact on the learning process can be achieved, such as higher satisfaction, motivation and greater engagement of students. The importance of clearly defined objectives, rules, techniques and mechanisms of gamification that affect the dynamics of the students is shown. The paper presents a comprehensive view of the gamification concept in higher education. The advantages and disadvantages of introducing gamification in e-learning are described. The paper combines the characteristics of gamification with e-learning and shows the possibilities of use in practical.

Participation of all relevant stakeholders to the New Product Development (NPD) process is an important issue for the democratization of the use of goods and services and promoting responsible research and innovation. Although participatory NPD is becoming a hot topic in recent years, most of the studies concentrate on the participation of users as individual entities-customers and neglect that production-consumption cycle is constituted as a network of stakeholders. Besides their role as customers, individuals play different social roles in their daily lives. Social roles are not determined according to some essential behavioural characteristics but emerge within a structure constituted as a network amalgamated according to a set of relations. Individuals can have different norms depending on their position in the network structures constituted according to different types of stakes. Organizing and coordinating stake based roles is a complex and fuzzy issue as these are constantly in making and involves “politics” in the sense of persuading other people to some form of action. In this paper, we have discussed the possibility of an integrative online platform built upon the principles of Web 2.0 revolution that would act as a “democratic assembly” for negotiating, coordinating and integrating the fuzzy cycles of the innovation process. Social media offers great opportunities for organizing and coordinating participatory NPD activities as they provide means for bringing large number of participants to form a virtual community within an electronic platform. Building upon these principles we have outlined some important challenges that can be important during the conceptualization of such a platform. Our conceptual framework can offer a guideline for future research with the aim of turning this concept into a product. This paper has some limitations which could be complemented with some empirical research on how actors experience these challenges in their everyday organizational context. Future work needs to be focused on discovering the concerns from the emic view points of the stakeholders.

Global projects are remarkably emerging all around the world, whether at the mega level such as Oil & Gas projects or at the micro level such as in specific R&D projects. Global Projects can be very complex or can be quite simple, they might involve huge investments or rather be at low budget, they can have a diverse spectrum of stakeholders or a limited community of beneficiaries. Accordingly the definition of Global Projects is actually far from being obvious. It is suggested that several factors are favoring the emergence of Global projects, such as globalization of business environment, cost driven project execution strategies, national requirements for local presence, dispersion of expertise, joint venture projects and corporate mergers & acquisitions. However Global Projects are thought to be associated with some side effects, such as integration and/or coordination difficulties, statutory and regulatory issues, uncertainty in project controls, and the drawbacks of remoteness and potential cultural differences. Through this conceptual paper, the gap in knowledge about Global Projects is highlighted and areas for potential academic research are suggested. The paper also proposes a series of research questions that are formulated from the literature review conclusions. The outputs of this conceptual literature review & analysis suggest that there are insufficient research and academic publications written on the subject. The discussions presented in the literature about global projects are actually fragmented and segregated with a clear biased drift toward the focus on cross-cultural aspects, virtual teams and project organization. It is intended that this conceptual research paper help researchers and projects stakeholders in international business environment better understand the opportunities and threats in global project execution, such as on innovation, on inter-transfer of knowledge and organizational resources and their relation to value creation in multinational corporations.

The most appropriate approach for educational project practices, considering flow of ideas, may lead to the development and implementation of a thorough process of innovation for the knowledge transfer, based on best techniques of converting combinations for tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. One of the recent concepts of process improvement has been created using the methodology Win-Win and Clarity of Communication based on the Theory of Constraints Thinking Process (TOCTP). The paper illustrates the application of TOCTP in the process of converting tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge in educational projects. The paper provides different viewing perspective approaches for the knowledge transfer, building a strategy for a wide variety of issues, which contribute completely too full conversion of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge. The research methodology of this paper illustrates the steps of TOCTP integration by problem diagnosing, designing the solutions plan and integrating the solutions plan into a conceptual model for knowledge transfer in educational projects. The authors of this paper present a case study that underlines the effectiveness in fast obtaining the right solutions for a research theme by using a combination of TOCTP diagrams.

In this paper authors will expose a work developed with the aim to submit an educational innovation project proposal to a competitive call for Educational Innovation Projects 2013-2015 of the Education Advisory Service of the Basque Country University (UPV/EHU, Spain). This project is being carried out in the Computer Structure and Computer Architecture sub-module of the Degree in Computer Management and Information Systems Engineering of the University College of Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). The project is based on the active learning, more specifically, on cooperative learning. In this paper we have given deeper insight the dependencies between all the subjects belonging to the analyzed sub-module, which is composed of two subjects named Computer Structure and Computer Architecture. We have included in such analysis a previous subject named Principles of Digital Systems Design, which does not belong to that sub-module, but plays an important role in the acquisition of the knowledge and competencies of the two previously referenced subjects.

This paper explores the relationship between using virtual learning communities in initial education process and the development of students’ professional identity, by examining the most recent contributions in this field and by proposing a new strategy of knowledge management, at university level, that harness the virtual learning environment's potential, based on mobile learning models. In addition to that, the paper proposes a strategy for empowering higher education institutions to use VLCs in order to improve primary school teachers’ professional identity highlighting especially the requirements, curriculum and evaluation of such a strategy, focusing on the existing best practices on international level.

This paper present a comparative analysis of Thai Qualifications Framework for Higher Education (TQF: HEd) and Capability Maturity Model Integration for Service (CMMI-SVC) in order to compare the high level similarities between these two frameworks when they are both applied to improve the quality instruction and standardization of higher education instruction delivery, pedagogy, and learning outcomes. TQF is used to standardize the quality of education in Thailand with the expected learning outcomes of students in five domains, namely: ethical and moral development, cognitive skills, interpersonal skills and responsibility, analytical and communication skills, and numerical analysis, communication and information technology. Since CMMI-SVC targets towards the agencies that provides services, it contains 24 process areas each of which has specific goals and generic goals. This paper suggests the eight high level topics to be analysed including objectives, model characteristics, products, applications, dissemination, enhancement and enforcement, content, essence, and evaluation. The result shows that TQF would benefit s from integrating the CMMI-SVC maturity level and key process areas with generic and specific goals and practices.

The paper deals with the problematic of general enterprises’ lifecycle based on size (number of employees) as a parameter of growth and success. Author works with Miller and Friesen lifecycle model ( Miller and Friesen, 1984 ) and expects occurrence of similar pattern in large scale sample composed from 677 randomly chosen companies of different type. This so cold “fractal analogy” will help to describe model lifecycle of general successful company in the terms of most significant time dependent phenomena observed on researched sample of Czech and Slovak enterprises. Except of mentioned model lifecycle characterization, which can be considered as main objective of the paper, there were three supplementary hypotheses tested. Questionnaire research as background of presented data was performed on Silesian University, School of Business Administration in Karvina, Czech Republic with the help of attendant bachelor's degree students. Presented paper includes brief literature review as well as most important research findings accompanied with commented charts, tables and discussion.

Teaching aids are the common and new practice in today's scenario. Learning is now not only limited to classrooms but has broken the barriers across borders. This has been made possible by the influence of ICT (Information and Communication Technology). The paper focuses on various ICT teaching aids and studies the impact of these teaching aids on its users. The paper demonstrates the impact based on two parameters: Individual Impact and Organizational Impact. Individual Impact talks about the ICT teaching aids used by its user and the ease in utilizing it. Organizational Impact converses about the importance of using ICT teaching aids for developing its manpower. The research is conducted using both primary as well as secondary data and the data is conducted through structured questionnaire consequently finding the impact of ICT teaching aids in organizations.

This paper shares the experience of an ongoing research on stakeholder-based planning and development in Solo City. The goal of the research is to find the connectivity among actors and the aspect that makes collaboration in Solo City happened. What makes the collaboration happened is hypothetically a growing trust and a good leadership with sense of entrepreneurship. The objective of the paper is to externalize and share the documentation of collaborative practices in city planning and development process, as lessons learned for other Indonesian cities. The observation indicates that trust from the community to the city hall is acquired as the city hall is consistent to the collaboration process in carrying the plan into implementation. The willingness of local community to participate and to deliver innovation in the process indicates a supportive foundation for the growing collaboration.

Sustainability has been becoming an imperative research agenda among the researchers/practitioners to achieve ecological, societal as well as financial benefits. As the moment, Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) practices are at very initial phase in developing countries like India due to existence of many hurdles. In present research, an effort has been made to identify and evaluate hurdles in implementing SSCM in Indian automobile sector. Literature review approach and experts’ inputs have been used to identify hurdles in implementing SSCM. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methodology has been utilized to understand the contextual relationships among these identified hurdles, their interdependence and hierarchy levels to implement SSCM practices in Indian automobile sector. MICMAC analysis has also been used to categorize identified hurdles according to their importance. ‘Political Instability’ has been reported as most driver hurdle in implementing SSCM. ‘Unawareness among society about social practices’ has been found as most dependent hurdle of the present study. We believe that, this paper will surely help business practitioners/researchers/scholars in broadening research in this emerging area and developing new theories/proposition. This paper may provide important future research directions towards increasing effectiveness of sustainability in the supply chains.