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Reports on the political condition in Palestine. Details on the declaration of independence in the country; Discussion on intra-Palestinian discourse; Emphasis on the annals of modern nationalism; Report on the infrastructure and services and passports and the maintenance of order.

Examines the roots of the civil war in Bosnia. Views on Bosnians' passion, thirst for justice, faithfulness and strength of character; Observation that hatred was endemic to Bosnia; Details of the conflict between the Sunni Muslims, Eastern Orthodox Serbs and Roman Catholic Croats; Subordination of Muslim identity to Serbian and Croatian nationalism.

Discusses the European colonization in Africa. Failure of African nationalism to acquire independence; Consideration of the ideologies of socialism and nationalism in relation to the country's colonizers; Impact of the culture of colonizers on the political structure of Africa; Superiority of European culture, morals and manners.

Focuses on the confrontation of the Kurds with Ayatollah Khomeini's Islamic regime in Iran. Division of the homeland of the Kurds by Turkey, Iran and Iraq; Severity of the punishment against Kurdish rebels; Failure of the Pahlevi monarchy to extinguish the spark of Kurdish nationalism.

Presents information on the violent social convulsion going on in the Arab countries. View that much of the Arab drama is caused by the dizzy speed of modern political change; Claim that the conflict has roots far deeper than a mere desire for separate statehood; Details of Arab history and character; Domination of the Moslem countries by imperialist powers; Claim that the reversion of Soviet policy on the Israeli question was the key to recent events; Union of the feudal elements and the religious fanatics, and the Communists and their, allies in the trade unions against the moderates; Information that Tunisia was the first country among the North African possessions of France to explode into complete anarchy; Leader of the fight lot Tunisian independence was Habib Bourguiba, a man who in character and intellect ranks above ever, other North African nationalist; View that Bourguiba, now Premier of Tunisia, is deeply committed to the values of a secular and democratic state; Claim that the Neo-Destour party, in the imprint of his powerful personality, is the most progressive in the entire Moslem world; Lack of natural resources in Tunisia, which is outside of two strips of good farm and, orchard soil; Information that the Neo-Destour pasty was and remains a polyglot, force united only in opposition to the French on one side and the unknown perils of Youssefism on the other; Suggestion that amorphous and semi-feudal states tied by a common culture, tongue and religion would best be served by a jump to an enforced collective supranationality.

Presents several letters to the editor referencing the articles published and topics discussed in the previous issues of this journal. "Patriotic Justice," published in February 3 issue; "Deferential Regulators," appearing in February 3 issue; Response to congressional inquiry to endorse the House Resolution advocating installation of a single number system.

Claims that India goes into protracted political crisis with the passing of an era under the leadership of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Effect of the Chinese incursion into Indian territory on Nehru's leadership; Criticism of Indian Defense Minister Y. B. Chavan against Nehru's foreign policy; Leadership style of Chavan in contrast with Nehru's; Political leaders who might succeed Nehru; Diplomatic approach the U.S. must adopt in its relationship with India; Claim that there is a strengthened Indian nationalist sensitivities against foreign dependence.

Refutes the notion that nineteenth-century German nationalism which demands the reunification of East Germany and West Germany influences the political thinking of the Germans in West Germany. Explanation on the tendency to regard the status quo ante World War II as the normal state of affairs in Germany; Reason for the opposition of the Soviet Union to the reunification of Germany; Criticism against the Soviet Union's application of power in international relations.

Offers the author's thoughts on the United States invasion of Iraq. The importance of U.S. alliances and treaties in promoting democracy and capitalism; The role of Soviet Union in creating instability in Europe; The influence of rhetoric comparing the cold war to the war on terrorism; Criticism of Americans for their arrogance and failure to adhere to the rule of law; Idea that radical Islam cannot be defeated with military power alone; Opinion that the Bush administration was not interested in any dialogue with the Arab world; Criticism of the U.S. for not trying to convince European countries that a war in Iraq was necessary; View that Pentagon leadership is made up of narrow-minded nationalists.

Discusses the impact of the end of the Cold War on Europe's economic and political conditions. Growth in European nationalism; Emergence of a Europe that will be a serious economic and political competitor; Role of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in European-American relations; Emergence of the enduring issue of modern European history; Performance of the European Community as a market; Expected place of the Soviet Union in a German-dominated Eastern Europe.

Asserts that the communist rule failed to replace ethnic and nationalist impulses in the republics that make up the Soviet Union. Economic failure of socialism; Lithuanians' opposition against being a part of the Soviet Union; Soviet leaders' acknowledgment of the illegitimacy of Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin's pact by which the Baltic states were integrated into the Soviet Union; Options of Soviet Union President Mikhail Gorbachev concerning the status of Lithuania.

Reflects on the political events that were relevant to the history of the periodical during the past 75 years. Foundation of the periodical during the Great War; Rise of nationalism; Effects of the revival of nationalism in Central and Eastern Europe on the Communist system; Emergence of the nuclear war; Role of the liberalism and the founder of the periodical in inventing the practical justice in the United States; Negative effects of racism on the American society.

Examines the predicament of Austria in historical perspective. Influence of the old Archduchy of Austria; Development of national consciousness; Existence of an artificial republic after the collapse of the monarchy; Repercussions of the Austrian enthusiasm for the Anschluss; Rejection to the choice of unification with Germany.

Focuses on the declaration of a new alliance in the Middle East. Fear of rising Arab nationalism; Information that the alliance unites Turkey, Iran, Ethiopia, and Israel; Stability of most alliances in the Middle East; Statement that alliance is based on peripheral doctrine; Impact of the peripheral doctrine on political decisions of various countries; History of military relations between Iran and Israel; Information on the Iranian revolution of 1979; Statement that the peripheral school in Israel's intelligence community and academia had long maintained that Persian nationalism; Intervention of the U.S. in the Arab-Israel peace process.

Discusses the effects of the Easter 1916 Rising in Dublin, Ireland. Involvement of the rising in the rhetoric of Irish public life; History of Ireland's relations with Great Britain; Ways in which the Easter Rising was a violent action against the democratic state; Argument that Great Britain had kept faith with Irish nationalism; Distortion of Irish patriotism by the rewriting of the country's history.

Presents information on the impact of the war against Adolf Hitler, Nazi dictator of Germany, on Europe. Information that in Greece, the liberation has been followed by a murderous civil war; Note on the sense of vengefulness, bitterness, callousness, and distrust prevailing over the whole of Europe; Opinion that the U.S. needs to unite the nations it seeks to protect; View that the West should avoid using foreign policy to foment the conditions of civil war; Report that Nationalism is the strongest political idea in the modern world.

Features Russian Foreign Minister Andrei Kozyrev. Speculation about his stance on Russian nationalism; Background of his political career; Criticism faced on the issue of foreign policy administration; Disagreements between Kozyrev and his nationalist opponents; Evidence of his capability to show Russian influence during the redeployment of Russian peacekeeping forces from Croatia to Sarajevo in Bosnia.

Focuses on the American policy on Bosnia under U.S. President Bill Clinton. Perception of Americans about the war in the Balkans; Reasons for the failures of U.S. policy in Yugoslavia; Awareness of the U.S. about the problems in Yugoslavia; Issues related to Serbian aggression; Absence of overall strategic discussion of the Balkans in former U.S. President George Bush policy; Arguments made by intelligence agencies on the issue; Problem of Serbian nationalism in Yugoslavia; Comparison of Clinton's policy with that of Bush.

Focuses on the foreign policy of the United States towards Yugoslavia. Allegation that U.S. Secretary of State James Baker has contributed to the civil war in Yugoslavia; Failure of the U.S. to handle the Yugoslav crisis in the post-cold war world; Information that the main factor in the administration's mishandling of Yugoslavia was its devotion to geopolitical "stability" at the expense of democratic values and human rights; Political situation in Yugoslavia which triggered the civil war; Failure of the American policymakers to distinguish between democratic and undemocratic nationalism; Misconception of Deputy Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger, that ethnic hatred has given rise to the war in Yugoslavia.

Focuses on the resistance against Soviet power in Latvia and the Baltics. Mobilization of Latvians in an attempt to protect their freedom from the Soviets; Factors that caused the mass mobilization in Latvia; Opposition to the deployment of Soviet military to Vilnius, Lithuania; Speculations on the Soviet Union's plans in the Baltics; Soviet attack on nationalists in Latvia.

Discusses the consequences of the reunification in Germany. Significance of Helmut Kohl's victory as the chancellor of German unity; Historical events indicating that a unified Germany would be economically weaker and would not strengthen nationalism; Economic cost of reunification; Parallels between the old and new Germany; Obstacles to the possibility that Germany will dominate the European Community.

Presents information on the policy of the Soviet Union towards Poland. Comment on Polish nationalism and Catholicism; Attitude of Polish people towards the power structure and moral system of Communism; Report that the U.S. Pershing II missiles in Germany scared the Soviet Union into their Polish adventure; Information on isolationism; Development of a KGB-Gulag prison-state using indoctrination, intimidation and espionage to hold its people in line.

Focuses on the social and political conditions of People's Socialist Republic of Albania. Assessment of the effect of the death of Albania's Prime Minister Mehmet Shehu on the country; Evaluation of the method of economic development followed by Albania since communist dominated resistance forces ousted the Nazis; Appraisal of the condition of citizens in Communist regime; Sanctions on pop music, long hair, birth control, western fashion, pornography and modern art; Analysis of foreign policy of Enver Hoxha, the secretary of Albanian Worker's Party; Significance of Chinese economic assistance for the country; Concerns among western analysts regarding policy of the country following demise of Shehu and after Hoxha; Rejection of totalitarian nationalism by communists.

Interviews Yasir Arafat, leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization. Information on the continuity of the Palestinian war; Call for unity among Arab nations; Explanation of the geographic boundaries of Palestine; Discussion of the national identity of Palestine; Comments on the operations of Israeli commandos; Reference to psychological warfare against Egypt.

Provides information on foreign relations between Singapore and China. Fears of Singapore Premier Lee Kuan Yew's about political changes in Southeast Asia, especially in China; Criticism of the American policies in Asia by Lee; Concerns of Lee on detente between the U.S. and China; Toughness of Washington toward Japan; Features of policies of Peking, China toward the overseas Chinese; Information that Communist China has more or less abandoned special claims to influence on the scattered Chinese; Views of Lee on Communism; Impact of the relations on the national identity of Singapore.

Discusses political and social reasons behind the failure of U.S. anti-imperialists. Views of American political leaders on the impact of colonial expansion on industries suffering from overproduction; Failure of the influence of U.S. policy in Latin America; Suggestion that political subversion and direct military intervention in the affairs of lesser nations is either imprudent or immoral.

Focuses on the Federation of Rhodes and Nyasaland established by Great Britain in order to accommodate white rule to the dynamics of African nationalism. Reflections of white privilege and African subservience; Preference of an African-dominated Federation by African leaders of Northern and Southern Rhodesia; Assessment on the future of the Federation.

Focuses on the declining influence of the Western nations in world affairs. Views that the United States is no longer the control-tower of the world; Views that the great land-mass of Eastern Europe and Asia, with its extension into Africa calls the tune in world affairs; Comments that the first world war was in effect a European civil war with worldwide consequences which included the stimulation of industrial development in many Asian countries, of anti-foreign feeling in China and of Indian nationalism, and the birth of Arab nationalism; Lack of faith in reason among the intellectuals and the political thinkers of the English-speaking world.

Focuses on the potential and limitations of efforts of reconciliation between Serbs and Muslims in light of the experience of the two groups in Kozarac, in Bosnia's Republika Srpska. Return of Muslim refugees to the region after the conclusion of the Bosnian war; Detention of war criminals from the region by North Atlantic Treaty Organization; View that the return of Kozarac's Bosnian Muslims is a testament to the enduring power of the human spirit and also to the enduring and corrupting power of nationalism.

Comments on the repercussions of the Tiananmen Square Massacre on the Chinese government. Loss of foreign investments and political favor from the international community; Loss of loyalty and feelings of indignation by the Chinese towards their government; Examination of why the Chinese government resorted to violence in stopping pro-democracy demonstrations.

Reports on Russian leader Boris Yeltsin's signing of an agreement with Leonid Kravchuk and Stanislav Shushkevich, presidents of Ukraine and Byelorussia, setting up a Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Control of strategic nuclear weapons; View that the seats of government are like the courts of Renaissance princes where no one is to be trusted; Emphasis on the force of nationalism in the CIS.

Argues that the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) are proof less of the decay of the nation-state than of its resilience. Birth of the CIS out of desperate self-interest in light of the realization by the old Soviet empire that they faced economic collapse without some cooperation; Establishment of a center in Minsk due to the central government in Moscow which was no longer tolerable; Details about the deal at Maastricht which was a sensible blend of pragmatism and nationalism; Creation of a single circulating currency.

Presents several letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues. Appreciation of the article "A Well Regulated Militia," by Paul Fussell on armed forces in the U.S.; Discussion on the article on liberalism by Nicholas von Hoffman; Reference to an article by Michael Kinsley on petroleum policy of the U.S.; Reference to American nationalism as a system of corvee labor and social discipline.

Focuses on the policy of French government towards United States and her allies, with respect to the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union. Criticism of the French policy to stay neutral on the invasion issue; Assessment of the historical character of France that reflects falsehood in its reputation as strong power in Western Europe; Argument that France has waged more wars of brutal conquest than any other nation in the West; Opinion that France's allies have to understand that French nationalism is not a reasonable force as it is in most other nations.

Discusses the continued support of Chinese Americans for the granting of the China Most Favored Nation trade status to China by the U.S. government as of 1997. Influence of the group on U.S. policy toward China; Importance of nationalism to the attachment of Chinese groups to their mother country; Efforts aimed at strengthening the economic relations between the countries.

This article discusses French-Tunisian relationship. In the period just after the settlement of the Indo-Chinese affair when French-Tunisian cooperation seemed to symbolize a decisive turning point in French colonial policy-- and when French opinion almost unanimously recognized in Habib Bourguiba the most reasonable, the most occidental and the ablest political leader of the Arab world. Mr. Bourguiba's obsession was then essentially "motivated by the divergence between Tunisian and Algerian nationalism.

Focuses on the attitude of the French Socialist Party towards Algeria. Account of concern over Algeria during a party congress; Denial of the demand for Algeria's independence; Refusal to treat the Algerian rebellion as a nationalist movement; Ignorance of the notion of an Algerian personality; State of equivocality over the issue of creation of an Algerian legislature and executive with large autonomy over internal affairs.

Focuses on criticism of U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles for the Middle East policy. Statement made by the National Planning Association that they must even at the risk of war resist any incursion of the Soviet military power into the area of the Middle East; Comment on the U.S. plan to impose a settlement by the moral force of world opinion; Report that a demand for a greater show of strength in the Middle East makes sense only if a distinction is drawn between three different Middle East crises; Information on the revolt of Arab nationalism against Western economic positions.

Focuses on the policy of the Soviet Union towards Southeast Asia. Strategy of the Soviets to follow program with little regard to development among the emerging nationalist groups; Realization that Russia might has adopted a policy which might prove advantageous to spread Communism in Asia; Problem for the Western group due to Russian policy of spreading Communism in Southeast Asia; Concentration of the Soviet Union towards Southeast Asia after realization of their inability to gain power through armed struggle; Problem for national leaders of neutralist countries to communicate their attitude towards Communism to population in their countries; Appearance of a new note in Communist Propaganda about the U.S. aid in the Russian economic aid program.

This article focuses on Great Britain's various military bases. For the last ten years, despite the liberation of India and Burma, the memory of Great Britain's imperial power has sufficed to provide some stability in the area, so long as it was buttressed by the presence of British bases. But the survival of imperial bases into the new era has proved intolerable to Asian nationalism. Each British withdrawal has provoked new demands for abdication-and has made it practically more difficult to resist these demands. It is both difficult and dangerous to shift from force to consent as the basis for military positions overseas. Yet reliance on force has even more obvious limitations.

Assesses the implications of the emergence of nationalism in South Korea which aspire for a higher degree of independence and equality in relations with the U.S. Percentage of the South Korean annual budget that comes from the U.S.; Explanation on the character of the South Korean nationalism; Reputation of the U.S. in South Korea; Discussion on the concept of neutralism within the South Korean nationalism which is thought of as a mean to unify North Korea and South Korea; Factors that drive the nationalism in South Korea.

Focuses on feelings of discontent, expressed by Russian nationalist leader Nikita Khruschev, on the affiliation of neutral and Afro-Asian groups to the United Nations. Psychological reasons for the attachment of young nations to the UN; Pressure of the UN on the U.S. to change its attitude towards the Afro-Asian world; Views of Khruschev on foreign relations of the Soviet Union with Communist China; Restrictions laid down by the UN to take military action in Congo; Role of the UN in resolving the dispute between the Soviet Union and the U.S., over the control of Congo.

Comments on the war against terrorism in the light of international relations between Russia and the West. Position of Russia on Chechnya and its relevance for the U.S. and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies; Suggestion that the U.S. must remain silent on Russia's actions in Chechnya in order to obtain its help in the war on terrorism; Discussion on how Islam was not a big factor in the nationalist movement in Chechnya; Criticism of the idea that Russia is seriously concerned about international terrorism.

Discusses the growth in right-wing parties in Europe as of 1999. Information on various national-populist parties, including the Freedom Party in Austria and the Vlaams Blok in Belgium; Assertion that these parties are not a resurrected fascism, but a response to growing European unity; Nationalism as a response to internationalism.

Comments on the factors that contributed to the failure of United Nations peacekeeping operations in Bosnia. Role of nationalism in the Bosnian conflict; Stance of the United Nations in the implementation of collective security in the region; Reason behind former U.S. President George Bush's reticence toward the problem of Bosnian civil war.

Focuses on various issues in the United States. Nationalism in Germany and France; Comments on the "Spectator" periodical; Attacks on immigrants, one in the name of democracy by writer Stephen Spender and the other in the name of nationalism by Charles Moore; Differences between 19th century immigrants and 20th century immigrants; View that not all immigrants are refugees.

Comments on several issues relevant to world politics and international relations in 1991. Jews in Ethiopia; Literature on nation-building; National identity of Jews.

Focuses on the decision of black civil rights leaders in the United States, to embrace the cause of Palestinian nationalism. Impact of the appointment of Andrew Young as United Nations ambassador; Equation of the American civil rights movement with the cause of the Palestinian Liberation Organization's cause; Sentiments of Martin Luther King who counseled non-violence in the face of oppression.

Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues of "The New Republic." "The Nationalist Revolt," which highlighted the proliferation of economic nationalists in U.S. Congress; "Go It Alone," which examined the position of France on the decision of Iraq to limit its cooperation with United Nations Special Commission; "Water Over the Dam," which focused on environmental politics in the U.S.; "Picking Winners," which discussed diversity in the workplace.

This article focuses on the U.S.-Great Britain relations. The two leading moderates in the Conservative Government, R. A. Butler, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, have made public speeches in which they present the Angles American interventions, not as a return to the policies of Suez, but as a desperate attempt to gain just that extra breathing-space, in company with the U.S. administration, not for imposing the will on nationalism in the Middle East, but for living with it. Military intervention in the Middle East has united all the Arabs behind about for some way of escaping from self-imposed catastrophe. The U.S. has been unable to fly oil to Jordan from the Persian Gulf because Saudi Arabia refuses passage for the U.S. fear of provoking the revolution lie only rational ground for intervention in Lebanon at Bahrein refuse to load the oil.