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Bioassay-guided isolation of the stems of Garcinia paucinervis led to one new adamantane-type polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs), (-)-garpauvinin A ( 1 ), and four known analogues ( 2-5 ). The structure and absolute configuration of 1 was established via spectroscopic techniques and ECD method. All the isolates displayed moderate antiproliferative activity against HL-60, PC-3 and Caco-2 human cancer cell lines with IC 50 values ranging from 0.81 to 19.92 μM, and exhibited low toxicity on WPMY-1 normal human cells, showing selectivity between normal and malignant prostate cells. The biosynthetic pathways of the isolated PPAPs were proposed.

A new cytotoxic dimeric naphthopyrone, aurasperone H (1), together with eight related known polyketides (2-9) was isolated from a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus niger 2HL-M-8. The structure of new compound 1 was elucidated on the basis of its spectroscopic data (1D, 2D NMR and CD). Compound 1 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against the human lung adenocarcinoma A549 and the human leukaemia HL-60 cell lines. Compound 5 displayed significant in vitro antiproliferative activity against HL-60 cell line with an IC50 value of 0.8 μM.

Strain HSY05 was isolated from sea sediment collected from the South China Sea and was later identified as Penicillium oxalicum by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Various chromatographic processes led to the isolation and purification of two metabolites from the fermentation culture of HSY05, including one new compound, 2,2',4,4'-tetrahyoxy-8'-methyl-6-methoxy-acyl-ethyl-diphenylmethanone (1), and a known compound secalonic acid D (SAD, 2), as characterised by UV, IR, 1D, 2D-NMR and MS data. The inhibitory activities against topoisomerase I of these two compounds were evaluated. The result showed that in addition to the known topo I inhibitor SAD (2), compound 1 also exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect.

Three new diterpenoids, liquidambolide A (1) and liquiditerpenoic acids A (2) and B (3), together with 10 known diterpenes were isolated from the resin of Liquidambar formosana Hance, whose structures were elucidated by detailed analysis on the NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectra.

Two new anthraquinones, emodin-3-O-sulphate (1) and citreorosein-3-O-sulphate (2), as well as five known anthraquinones, were isolated from a marine-derived fungus Penicillium oxalicum. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS).

Two new oleanane triterpenoid saponins, xanthohuskisides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the husks of Xanthoceras sorbifolia. The structures of these two compounds were established as 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl, 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl 16-deoxybarringtogenol C (1) and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl, 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl 16-deoxybarringtogenol C (2), respectively, based on the analysis on their spectral data including NMR and HR-ESI-MS. The growth inhibitory activities of compounds 1 and 2 were assayed, and 2 showed moderate activity against U937 cell line with the IG(50) value of 82.85 ± 1.58 µM.

A new sesquiterpene, ascotrichic acid (1), was isolated from a marine-derived fungus Ascotricha sp., together with the other two known analogues, cyclonerodiol (2) and 10(Z)-cyclonerotriol (3). Its structure was established by spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS).

A new alkaloid, 2-methylimidazo[1,5-b]isoquinoline-1,3,5(2H)-trione, was isolated from the EtOAc extract of the marine-derived fungus Hypocrea virens. Its structure was confirmed by spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, MS).

A novel prenylated xanthone, caloxanthone Q, was isolated from the stems and leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum. The structure elucidation was carried out by detailed spectroscopic analysis.

One new cinnamic imide derivative, named tribulusimide C (1), was isolated from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris, together with three known compounds, N-p-coumaroyltyramine (2), terrestriamide (3), N-trans-caffeoyltyramine (4). The structure of 1 was elucidated based on chemical analysis and spectral methods (IR, 1D and 2D NMR, HR-FAB-MS, EI-MS).

One new anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-2-ethyl-3-methylanthraquinone (1), together with two known compounds octadecanoic acid (2) and cholest-4-en-3-one (3) was isolated from marine actinomycete Streptomyces sp. FX-58. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, especially, the 2D-NMR spectral analysis. The cytotoxic activities of 1 were evaluated in vitro.