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Tourism resort events allow mass tourists to intervene to establish resort reputations among other destinations. From the locus of attribution theory perspective, this paper is the first to explore tourists defending behavior toward resorts' reputations through destination social responsibility and information adequacy lenses. Through questioning 240 tourists in the Red Sea resorts, the study found that defending is a post-attribution behavior. The study found that tourists who internally (vs. externally) attribute the event outcomes tend (vs. ignore) to defend the Red Sea resorts' reputation. Nevertheless, resorts' reputation could maintain defending behavior in case of external attribution with the presence of their perception of resorts' social responsibility and information adequacy. Such defending behavior approach enables crucial managerial implications for the Red Sea resort managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the customer experience-satisfaction nexus is a highly developed body of work in the wider literature, this link has scarcely been explored in health tourism. Accordingly, this paper aims to assess the dimensions of health services experiences leading to tourists' satisfaction and the moderating role of trust and emotions in the link between satisfaction and destination loyalty. A PLS-SEM is employed to analyze data from a sample of 225 health tourists in Egypt. The results show that health tourism experiences dimensions significantly affect tourists' satisfaction, which in turn positively impacts their loyalty. Additionally, destination trust and emotions moderate the connection between satisfaction and loyalty. Theoretical contributions arise for scholars and practical ramifications are presented for service providers and stakeholders in the Egyptian health tourism scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated customers' experiences of the servicescape of integrated resorts. It also examined how the customers' experiences affected their emotions, satisfaction and behavioral intention. Face-to-face qualitative interviews were conducted with 60 Mainland Chinese tourists in Macau. The results identified 12 dimensions of servicescape that formed the total customer experiences. Esthetic and entertainment experiences played a crucial role in creating the customers' total experiences and had the greatest effects on customers' emotions, satisfaction and behavioral intention in integrated resorts. This study contributes to the association of servicescape with customer experiences in the context of integrated resorts. Based on the results, insights and practical recommendations were offered to resort operators of ways to enhance their customer experiences through the improvement of the resorts' servicescape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is intense competition to host sports mega-events as cities and countries perceive that doing so will enhance their global image and make the destination more attractive to future tourists. Is there empirical evidence to prove that hosting a mega sport event really does stimulate international visitation and enhance the destination's image? In this paper we investigate this question in relation to the 2002 FIFA World Cup, co-hosted by South Korea and Japan. To this end, 412 foreign tourists were surveyed during the World Cup about their image of South Korea. Differences in demographics, motive and perceptions between tourists travelling specifically for the World Cup, and those coming to South Korea for non-World Cup-related reasons, are noted. The study provides a baseline dataset from which future research on mega-sport events can build. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the past performance of, and future prospects for, services marketing research into tourism destination marketing and management. While service delivery by individual enterprises is important, the fundamental products of the industry are destination experiences that incorporate commercial tourism services as well as non-commercial activities and interactions. For this reason, the paper focuses on tourism destinations rather than the individual enterprises that deliver services to tourists at destinations. The paper identifies areas that have attracted a concentration of research effort to date. The principal objective of the paper, however, is to identify services research issues deserving greater attention by service researchers in general and tourism researchers in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The number of Chinese tourists travelling internationally has increased significantly during the last decade and this trend looks set to continue, making this population an important tourism market. This study provides an analysis of the visitor satisfaction of Chinese tourists to the Gold Coast, based on the recognition of the importance of satisfaction in encouraging word of mouth recommendations and repeat visitation. The data required for this paper was collected using a questionnaire that was distributed to a convenience sample of Chinese tourists holidaying on the Gold Coast between January and February 2003. Analysis of the data indicates a relatively high level of overall satisfaction with the destination, but room for improvement in areas relating to shopping and food provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper attempts to develop theoretical explanation for tourist disposition and behavior, employing the hitherto unused self-monitoring construct and it argues that self-monitoring can provide many valuable insights into our understanding of the tourist. It is developed as sequel to a number of case studies undertaken previously, insights from which are weaved together with available literature to extend the scope of the theory. It examines what self-monitoring can inform us about the sources of tourist satisfaction and dissatisfaction, tourists' complaining and complimenting behavior, differences in attribution, innovation orientation, and loyalty. It also provides a number of potential directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper extends an earlier analysis of black collectibles to the realm of tourism. It argues that the elite practice of bringing back cultural trophies from travels abroad has been replaced by the phenomenon of middle class tourists returning home with souvenirs. One particular type of memorabilia in the United States is the portrayal of Afro-Americans on a number of tourist-related items. The article traces their origin, continuation and decline within an ideological framework that both promotes and institutionalizes racism. The slave-like images of mentally deficient, indolent, though happy blacks, as epitomized in the stereotypical figures of Aunt Jemima, Uncle Mose and their pickaninny offspring, while predominant from post-emancipation to the 1950s, have not entirely disappeared today. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents abstracts on tourism-hospitality industry, which include labor mobility into tourism employment during economic transition, magnitude of ecotourism in Costa Rica and Kenya, and sketch-maps drawn by a sample of 403 nature-based tourists visiting the Daintree and Cape Tribulation area, Australia.

Blessed with a great diversity of natural and cultural assets, the countries of Latin America should be thriving as international tourist destinations. The reality is, however, that the region is a long way from reaching its full potential. This paper reports the findings of a survey that investigated the reasons why Australian travel agents and tour operators thought that Latin America was receiving so few tourists from Australia. The main finding of the study was that there is a lack of knowledge among travel agents about the Latin American region. Many of them could only identify a limited number of tourist attractions in the region. While the study has an Australian focus, the authors suggest that the barriers underlying the lack of international demand for Latin American tourism products are similar to those that exist in other potential source markets. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study investigates the attributes that influence tourists from different cultures by analyzing a big data set of online reviews. The findings highlight the differences between Chinese-speaking tourists and English-speaking tourists regarding the four attributes the tourists focus on when choosing an Airbnb: the host, accommodation, location, and price. The results suggest that Chinese-speaking tourists are generally more positive and objective than English-speaking tourists when writing online reviews. The former have a more positive perception of the host but are more selective than the latter regarding the other three attributes. Text mining and sentiment analysis are used to provide guidance to Airbnb hosts to improve their marketing strategies to tourists from different cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the perceptions of the citizens and tourists of the city of Coimbra, the main objective of this study is to analyze some drivers and consequences of the City Brand Equity (BE). This investigation is based on data collected from 202 citizens and 200 tourists. Results show that image, identity, attachment and satisfaction are the BE main drivers, and optimal distinctiveness showed its influence only for tourists. BE seems to impact WOM, commitment (citizens) and intention to return (tourists). This investigation innovates comparing these two samples of stakeholders and testing an adapted measure of BE, considering its effect in transferring the results from the marketing strategy to the desired outcomes that contribute to the city attractiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying tourists' associated behaviors enables industry practitioners to design suitable and efficient marketing strategies for different tourist groups. This study proposes the use of the relationships between tourists and their behaviors for constructing networks, and the adoption of the community detection method for clustering tourist behavior networks. With this approach, tourists' behaviors can be clustered and visually investigated. Moreover, the evolution of groups of behaviors can be analyzed for obtaining insights into the origin of differences among different tourist groups. Survey data of visitors to Macao are used as a case study, and results provide valuable insights into tourists' behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to analyze the factors affecting medical tourists' revisit and recommend intention such as perceived authenticity, destination image, perceived value, and satisfaction. To this end, a 50-item questionnaire is distributed among 384 medical tourists who have visited Iran's hospitals and beauty clinics in the spring, summer, and fall of 2017. The results indicate that medical tourists' perceived authenticity of medical centers has an impact on their destination image, and both of these factors affect their perceived value and satisfaction. In addition, medical tourists' satisfaction of their trip leads to their revisit intention and their revisit intention influence their word of mouth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns about Aggressive Street Behavior (ASB) and Safety-and-Security (SS) are hitting home with local tourism officials and hotel operators in San Francisco, despite strong market performance. Tourism officials and hoteliers are concerned that ASB is impacting the Destination Image (DI) and perceptions of tourists' Safety and Security (SS). The purpose of this study is to examine ASB to determine if it may impact the tourist's perception of the destination's SS or DI. Findings suggest that ASB serves as a predictor of tourists' level of concern with SS, although it does not have a significant relationship with Destination Image (DI); however, post hoc analyses suggest that a link between the constructs may exist among leisure-oriented travelers. Limitations and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on serious leisure theory, the purpose of this study is to validate a novelty-driven serious leisure model at aboriginal-themed museums. A total of 400 responses were collected from three aboriginal-themed museums in Taipei, Taiwan. Empirical findings revealed that novelty seeking significantly improves serious leisure, and serious leisure significantly enhances museum satisfaction. Additionally, serious leisure serves as a mediator between novelty seeking and museum satisfaction, demonstrating the importance of employing novelty-driven serious leisure to sustain tourist visitations to aboriginal-themed museums. The empirical findings also support that the frequency of visits to an aboriginal-themed museum strengthens the positive relationship between novelty seeking and serious leisure, thus making it a necessary approach for aboriginal-themed museums in satisfying their novelty seeking, frequent visitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at examining the interrelationships among experiential quality, equity, happiness, rural image, experiential satisfaction, and behavioral intentions for the rural tourism industry in China. The data used in this study were based on a sample of 694 rural tourists staying in Sansheng Flower Town of Chengdu, indicating that the proposed model fits the data. The result of this study will assist rural tourism management in developing and implementing market-orientated service strategies to increase experiential quality and equity, and enhance the image and experiential satisfaction of rural tourists in order to generate favorable intentions to return or revisit the same rural village. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identifies the travel motivations of international tourists to Penang, Malaysia, using the theory of push and pull motivations as a conceptual framework. The methodology was comprised of quantitative research based on 400 self-completed questionnaires. A principal component factor analysis was used to identify the underlying dimensions of push and pull motivational items. The results revealed three push and three pull factor dimensions. Among the identified motivation factors, Novelty and Knowledge-Seeking and Cultural and Historical Attractions were regarded as the most important push and pull factors, respectively. Based on the study’s findings, practical implications for tourism marketers are suggested and future research recommendations are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article concerns the attitudes of local community members in Iran toward the tourists with whom they interact. Reference is made to prevailing conditions within Iran generally and particularly in the tourism industry. The results of a questionnaire survey conducted in two settlements that are popular with tourists are presented. Participants responded to a series of attitude statements about tourists and the researchers tested the effects of various sociodemographic characteristics, including professed degree of religious devotion. The findings suggest favorable views about visitors and tourism development overall, although different groupings expressed preferences for particular tourist types. Implications of the results for academics, industry practitioners, and policymakers are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Festival tourism, which combines the theme of a festival with the local characteristics of an area, has become an extremely attractive marketing method in recent years. In addition, local food and beverages are items that many visitors enjoy consuming and that can become attractions in their own right. The aims of this study are: (a) based on expenditure theory, to explore how spending on food and beverages and other items such as accommodations and transportation influences intentions to revisit and make positive recommendation; and (b) to examine whether or not tourists with different lifestyles use or experience different sources of information, evaluation criteria and travel expenses. A questionnaire survey was conducted using visitors to the 2009 Penghu Sea fireworks festival, and 308 valid samples were collected. The results were as follows. First, food and beverages had a significant positive influence on revisit and recommendation intentions. Second, the total expenditure on a tourist visit had a significantly negative effect on revisit and recommendation intentions. Third, there were statistically significant differences with regard to information searching, evaluation criteria and tourism expenditure among tourists with different lifestyles. Based on these results, we can conclude that food and beverage expenditure during festival tourism is an important factor in whether or not tourists plan to revisit an area and recommend it to others. The findings also show that more tourists can be attracted if festivals are well suited to local conditions and characteristics (such as the availability of seafood in the example examined in this work). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this study is to examine the structural relations among tourist motivation, the perception of authenticity, and tourist satisfaction. Structural equation model (SEM) analysis was performed to the study model. It is confirmed that study concepts have significant relations through multiple regression analysis (MRA). The suggestions of this study are as follows. First, the authenticity is perceived through the direct tour activities consisting of the tourist's experiences on the basis of the results of the preceding studies, and it is an important factor of cultural tourism activities. Second, cultural tourism sites including traditional folk villages are to choose city dwellers, club members who like adventure and exploration, and student groups as target markets. Third, tourists are to be made to have various historical and cultural experiences by realistic and lively compositions of traditional culture. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The study adopted a qualitative approach to investigate the role of postcards in representing a destination image as evidence for their travel. A total of 15 postcard racks in Alanya, Turkey were sampled in a variety of sales outlets, using an observation and content photography techniques. The postcards were sorted into four groups according to their levels of authenticity and contextual representation of the tourist's experience at the destination. The analysis yielded a conceptual framework of four types of postcards: realistic, refurbished reality, misleading, and fantasy. The study concluded that only a small proportion of the postcards represented authentic and true images of Alanya, while the majority of the postcards provided ambiguous, unclear, and confusing images of the destination. Recommendations for developing more realistic images to be featured on postcards are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate how tour leaders (TLs) in Taiwan perceive the issue of tipping, and to identify the factors which influence TLs to solicit tips. It also examines the impact of tipping in relation to the job performance of TLs. Data collection involved participant observations and interviews with travel agencies' managerial staff and TLs. This study found that TLs see tips as a significant source of income if they are not well-paid by their employers. This study suggested that selfish economic behavior has a significant impact on tips received. The consequences are mainly caused by travel agencies' operating policies regarding the price competition and low payment of TLs. TLs have a tendency to perceive tips as a service charge rather than a voluntary payment. Slowly, but not unanimously, including tips in the price of the tour might be an alternative for the future practice of travel agencies in Taiwan. It is expected that the results of the study can help travel agencies in Taiwan to draw up an appropriate tipping policy and to extend literature on service performance in the travel industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do tourism-seeking communities differ in their touristscape: levels, form, and impact? Extant tourism development models seem limited in explaining such developmental differences. The proposed conceptual model-based on levels and types of tourism entrepreneurism-is tendered as a complementary perspective to understanding differing community touristscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study focused on four indigenous tribes in the Peruvian Amazon that entertain tourists by donning traditional costumes and performing traditional dances. Those who oppose the development of tourism in indigenous communities argue that this type of tourism is demeaning to the locals and leads to cultural imperialism, foreign dependency, revenue leakages, cultural change, change in socioeconomic levels, and loss of authenticity. Those who support controlled tourism in indigenous communities suggest that tourism may offer community members a chance to increase their household income and aid in the preservation of traditional cultures. In the communities in this study, tourism entertainment brings in much needed capital, while at the same time offering an opportunity for locals to embrace their own cultural identity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the state of tourism in different regions of the world particularly South America. Tourism in South America is influenced by several factors including political changes, economic instability, increasing social problems, safety problems and security problems. In 1990s, the international tourism industry proved to be one of the most resilient economic sectors despite wars, terrorism, armed conflicts, and economic crises. International tourist arrivals increased by 5.6% in 1996, according to the World Tourism Organization (WTO). It states that tourism in South America got up after the Second World War.