1. The gut microbiota and host health: a new clinical frontier
- Author
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Francesca Fava, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Hauke Smidt, Mohammed Nabil Quraishi, Julian R. Marchesi, Gerben D. A. Hermes, Ailsa Hart, Linda V. Thomas, Georgina L. Hold, Kieran Tuohy, James Kinross, Erwin G. Zoetendal, and David H. Adams
- Subjects
MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED MICROBIOTA ,0301 basic medicine ,Health Status ,Disease ,Gut flora ,Pouchitis ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,COLORECTAL-CANCER ,Crohn Disease ,Microbiologie ,Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ,1114 Paediatrics And Reproductive Medicine ,biology ,INTESTINAL BACTERIA ,Liver Diseases ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Gastroenterology ,RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL ,PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS ,Ulcerative colitis ,Microbiota intestinale umano ,CROHNS-DISEASE ,ULCERATIVE-COLITIS ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,HUMAN COLONIC MICROBIOTA ,Microbiology ,digestive system ,Settore MED/07 - MICROBIOLOGIA E MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA ,Autoimmune Diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,medicine ,Life Science ,Animals ,Humans ,Obesity ,Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ,FATTY LIVER-DISEASE ,VLAG ,Science & Technology ,Gastroenterology & Hepatology ,Bacteria ,business.industry ,Probiotics ,Recent Advances in Basic Science ,Polyphenols ,1103 Clinical Sciences ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,Prebiotics ,Immunology ,FECAL MICROBIOTA ,Colitis, Ulcerative ,Metabolic syndrome ,business ,INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE - Abstract
Over the last 10–15 years, our understanding of the composition and functions of the human gut microbiota has increased exponentially. To a large extent, this has been due to new ‘omic’ technologies that have facilitated large-scale analysis of the genetic and metabolic profile of this microbial community, revealing it to be comparable in influence to a new organ in the body and offering the possibility of a new route for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, it might be more accurate to think of it like an immune system: a collection of cells that work in unison with the host and that can promote health but sometimes initiate disease. This review gives an update on the current knowledge in the area of gut disorders, in particular metabolic syndrome and obesity-related disease, liver disease, IBD and colorectal cancer. The potential of manipulating the gut microbiota in these disorders is assessed, with an examination of the latest and most relevant evidence relating to antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, polyphenols and faecal microbiota transplantation.
- Published
- 2015