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The article focuses on U.S. President Barack Obama's bailout of U.S. car manufacturers General Motors (GM) and Chrysler. Following the lead of his predecessor George W. Bush, President Obama undertook the responsibility of rescuing American automakers. According to the article, President Obama forced GM and Chrysler into government-aided bankruptcies and after two years, the bailout had worked with the two companies back on their operations and paying back much of what they owed.

The article discusses the increased focus of the Republicans on the U.S. Constitution to assure tea party voters that they shared the same values. According to the author, congressional Democrats and the administration of U.S. President Barack Obama have ignored what tea partiers said about the Constitution's limited understanding of the federal government's powers when legislators rushed to bail out big business and overhaul the country's health care system. Senator Mike Lee was raised on constitutional law and says he will put it into practice.

The article offers information on the development of the tea party group and the efforts made by the Democratic and Republican parties to deal with the party's bothering concerns. It states the structure and impact of the rally which took place at the Fountain Square in Cincinnati, Ohio on March 15, 2009 and has spurred to protest against government spending and corporate bailouts. It also underlines the Republican Party's mindset to oppose most of President Obama's administrative priorities.

The article discusses the effort of the federal government in the U.S. in saving the country's economic and financial sector through releasing large amounts of money. It states that the money is being used in spending, loans, investments, and guarantees. It examines some of the programs used by the government in mitigating the effects of the recession particularly the stimulus package.

The article focuses on the key votes made by the U.S. Congress in 2008. It delineates the bills that the Senate passed, cleared, and rejected including the bill on economic stimulus, farm assistance programs reauthorization, and foreign intelligence surveillance. It discusses the bills that the House has passed, cleared, and rejected including the automobile industry bailout, global Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) reauthorization, and the financial industry bailout.

The article discusses various negotiations, lobbying efforts and issues related to the U.S. government's rescue of bankrupt financial institutions. Discussed are the final signing of the bill that would authorize Treasury Secretary Henry M. Paulson Jr. to buy up troubled mortgage-related securities, the negotiations between White House and Congress, negotiations between the Senate and House and the tax breaks and deposit insurance expansion provisions.

The article reports on the reaction of U.S. Congress to the proposal of Treasury Secretary Henry M. Paulson Jr. to bailout mortgage-related assets for $700 billion. However, Republican legislators suggest an alternative that would reduce the impact on taxpayers by providing insurance to owners of mortgage-backed securities. The owners will have to pay for the premium payments for the insurance. Meanwhile, Paulson begged the Democrats to support his original proposal.

The article examines the impact of the $700 billion bailout plan of the U.S. government for the financial industry. Experts believe that the impact of this move might be experienced beyond the next administration and the next few budget cycles. It is observed that the situation will not just result into a government that tries to reduce expenses but a population that might minimize consumption through borrowing.

The article reports that U.S. public government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have posted profits years after being subjected to the federal government's bailout program. Topics discussed include the circumstances surrounding the government conservatorship of the GSEs and analysts' projections for improvement in the housing market. A proposed change to the role that the federal government plays in housing finance is mentioned.

The article focuses on the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), a financial industry bailout program in the U.S. According to Alan Blinder, former Federal Reserve vice chairman, and Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody's Analytics, TARP has helped the restoration of the financial system's stability and ended the freefall in housing and automobile markets. It discusses the role of U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry M. Paulson Jr., U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke and congressional leaders in the creation of TARP.

The article reports that General Motors Corp. will be making stock offering in its effort to free itself from U.S. government control. GM was bailed out of bankruptcy in 2008 initiated by then U.S. president George W. Bush. Money amounting to 700 billion U.S. dollars from the Treasury's Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) was reportedly allocated to save GM from the brink of collapse. Identified liabilities of the company include large pension obligations, further negotiations with United Auto Workers and the general health of the automobile market.

The article focuses on the financial regulatory overhaul bill in the U.S. that was proposed by the Democrats. It says that the Democrats has scheduled for a cloture vote to open a debate regarding the legislation (S 3217) and they are eager to take off votes from the Grand Old Party (GOP) caucus. Nonetheless, the GOP want to oppose the legislation as they promote more bailouts of financial companies.

The article focuses on the foreclosure faced by the John Hancock Tower which was once culminated to be the jewel in the growing empire of Broadway Real Estate Partners LLC in the U.S. It mentions that the difficulties at the tower depicts wider desperate condition within the commercial real estate market. It notes that after a year of bailouts intended to commence frozen residential mortgage industry, commercial real estate developers remain to be in a swamp where credit is tight.

The article focuses on the bailout program proposed by U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner. It states that the bailout program of Geithner misses the vital information that would clearly address the emerging financial crisis in the country wherein it lacks the specificity in several areas including housing markets and financial systems. It adds that the U.S. legislators are skeptic about the effectivity of the plan, as well as on the needed budget to make it effective.

The article provides information on the decision of the U.S. Senate to release the second half of the financial industry bailout funds amounting $350 billion. It mentions that President Bush asked the Congress to release the second half of the funds during the Senate Debate held on January 12, 2009. It also mentions that the Senate rejected a disapproval resolution (S J Res 5) by a vote of 42-52 on January 15, 2009.

The article reports that the U.S. Senate rejected the bill agreed by the House to aid the auto industry suffering from the economic downturn. It notes the rejection of the emergency loan package and the cloture motion on House tax bill. It states that the White House's intervention helped to limit the fallout in stock markets and that the Treasury has minimal resources to help automakers. It also relates the Senate's response in cutting worker's pay and benefits concerning the bailout. INSET: Highlights of House's Auto Loan Package.

The article reports that automobile industry executives have returned to the U.S. Congress to present their restructuring plans for their plea of $34 billion in federal loans, but were still met with skepticism in 2008. The administration of President George W. Bush has resisted tapping the $700 billion bailout to help the industry insisting that it should remain focused on the financial sector. Lobbyists doubted that House Democrats would move any bailout legislation.

The article reports on the possible role of Timothy F. Geithner, U.S. President-elect Barrack Obama's nominee as Secretary of the Treasury, in handling the new enacted $700 billion bailout law (PL 110-343) in the U.S. Geithner is said to take on the role of current Treasury Secretary Henry M. Paulson Jr., who was reported to have shifted the bailout program's focus. Geithner is expected to play an important role on spending the bailout funds in shoring up economic stability.

The article reports on the financial rescue to automakers in the U.S. It notes that Republican Senators Christopher S. Bond of Missouri and George V. Voinovich of Ohio, with Michigan Democrats Carl Levin and Debbie Stabenow, had announced a compromise plan to provide automakers federal loans in the final hours of a session on November 20, 2008. However, the companies should comply with the requirements stated under the bill (S 3689) which will require the companies to submit financial viability.

The article reports on the agenda to be addressed by the House Committee on Financial Services in the 111th Congress in the U.S. Chairman Barney Frank expresses that the committee will address the lack of government supervision on mortgage lending, financial risk-taking and investment instruments. The committee will tighten the capital standards for banks following the $700 billion financial bailout of the government.

The article reports that the U.S. House reluctantly accepted the U.S. Senate's version of a year-end tax bill, coded HR 6049, as the price for clearing the troubled mortgage-backed asset rescue bill coded HR 1424. The tax version of the Senate includes a one-year patch to the alternative minimum tax (AMT), the extension of expired and expiring tax breaks for businesses and individuals and tax incentives for renewable energy projects.

The article reports on the impact of the attendance of U.S. presidential candidates Barack Obama and John McCain on the White House discussions regarding the plan to bailout mortgage-backed assets for $700 billion. It had been observed that their presence had turned the summit into a bickering match. Republican legislators had introduced a different proposal and were irked that the Democrats had allowed Obama to speak for them.

The article reports that the much criticized Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) that has funded bank bailouts over the past three years has actually earned a 13 billion U.S. dollars in profits for the taxpayers.

The article focuses on the bailout of the American International Group (AIG). AIG faced imminent bankruptcy as the financial crisis worsened in the autumn of 2008. The Federal Reserve intervened on September 16, 2008 with a secured line of credit amid fears that AIG was so involved with the rest of corporate America that its collapse would quickly endanger the whole American economy. As co-bailout beneficiary Chrysler started to make repayments to the government two years after the crisis, AIG started to conduct its first public sale of shares.

The article reports that General Motors and Chrysler are back again on their feet after being rescued by the U.S. government which intends to sell its shares in the two companies as soon as interested buyers appear.

An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses various reports published within the issue including topics on the 2008 auto industry bailout, law professor Randy Barnett, and accountable care organizations.

The article reports that an alliance of senators is opposing federal bailouts of financially troubled states. The alliance, which is composed mostly of Republican senators, is being led by Republican Illinois senator Mark Steven Kirk. The alliance is pushing for a resolution banning bailouts. Some of Democratic senators supporting the alliance's proposal are Joe Manchin III of West Virginia and Ben Nelson of Nebraska.

The article comments on the decision of the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) to plan a securitized sale of up to 30 billion U.S. dollars in assets previously held by the failed institutions. The asset sale will be guaranteed by the agency but increased assessments paid by retail credit unions will cover any losses. NCUA and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation applies different methods in taking over failed banks, thrifts and credit unions. The scope of a bailout for institutions and how it affects the taxpayer's money are analyzed.

The article reports that U.S. senators have met with U.S. Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr., Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner and White House budget director Peter R. Orszag to urge the Obama administration to support the creation of a debt commission as the vote to increase the debt limit through H.R. Res 45 is approaching. It says that the bill aims to end the 700 billion dollars bailout program. However, opponents argue that it will cut Social Security and Medicare benefits.

The article offers news briefs related to U.S. legislation. The Atomic Energy Act will be amended by the H.R. 515 bill to enable the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to block the imports of nuclear wastes. A bill that would reauthorize the Indian Health Service and other health care programs for American Indians has been approved by the U.S. Senate Indian Affairs Committee. HR 1242 has been passed on December 2, 2009 which aims to boost the government oversight of the 2008 bailout law.

The article reports on the bankruptcies filed by U.S. automakers Chrysler Corp. and General Motors (GM) Corp. As part of Chrysler's bankruptcy, a Dodge dealership based in Venice, Florida in which the state's Representative Vern Buchanan owns 60 percent, has reportedly been shut down. Buchanan is still undecided whether to pursue on signing a legislation, which is intended to save some of the 3,400 Chrysler and GM dealerships.

The article reports that a legislation passed by the U.S. House to control employee bonuses at bailed out companies is faced uncertain future in the Senate. Alan Grayson and Jim Himes were the sponsors of the said bill that was passed in 2009. Furthermore, the bill restricted retention payment, bonus or other supplemental payment not directly connected to performance standards set by the Treasury Department.

The article reports on the mixed reactions by lawmakers on the decision of U.S. President Barack Obama to place rigorous conditions on financial aid to General Motors Corp. (GM) and Chrysler LLC. The decision was based on findings of the White House auto task force that the automakers' restructuring plans were insufficient. Candice S. Miller said the task force showed they knew better how to run the organizations. Thaddeus McCotter claimed that GM was treated differently than bailed out banks.

The article announces that the House Committee on Financial Services has approved a bill that would broaden the authority of the special inspector general for the financial bailout program made by the U.S. Congress in October 2008. The bill would amend what is known as the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) to allow the inspector general to audit any action taken under the law. The bill also authorizes the inspector general to quickly hire more auditors and investigators.

The article reports on the $787 billion stimulus package enacted in February 2009 in the U.S. which bar stimulus spending on state, local and private zoos, but not the National Zoo in Washington D.C. The package enables Smithsonian Institution to install a new fire sprinkler system on its campus to protect the animals and their visitors. Lawmakers believe that concept of stimulating the economy by giving money to museums, zoos and other cultural institutions is good move.

The article discusses the implications of the excessive expenditure provision elaborated in the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) to the travel industry in the U.S. It states that the provision covers limitations in spending for entertainment, events, and other transportation services not for staff development. According to Geoff Freeman, senior vice president for public affairs at the U.S. Travel Association, the TARP provision puts millions of jobs in the industry at risk.

The article reports on the new restrictions on the executive compensation of aid recipients announced by President Barack Obama in the U.S. Under the new restrictions, companies receiving assistance from the government stated to put a salary cap of $500,000 on their top executives. Companies getting federal bailout funds are asked to report their precise expenses.

The article focuses on the adoption of the House of Representatives (HR) 384. Troubled Asset Relief Program in the U.S. According to the author, the program would provide for lawmakers to consider a bill that would set conditions on the use of funds provided under the 2008 financial industry bailout law.

The article reports on the rejection of the proposed amendment of the Troubled Asset Relief Program Disapproval in the U.S. Senate. The joint resolution would prevent the release of the second half of the $700 billion provided under the 2008 financial industry bailout law. It was rejected on January 15, 2009.

The article reports on the amendment of the HR 384. Troubled Asset Relief Program/Foreclosure Mitigation in the U.S. According to the author, the amendment would add conditions on the use of funds under the 2008 financial industry bailout law. The author adds that the rule would require the Treasury to utilize between $40 billion and $100 billion for foreclosure mitigation and set other conditions related to housing, minorities and small business.

The article focuses on the erratic behavior of the U.S. Congress in taking measures to struggle with the global financial crises. It states that the House and the Senate have been facing the most serious economic and financial calamity since the World War II. It mentions that the members of the Congress have consistent actions collectively or individually. It notes that it was driven by President George W. Bush who demanded for the bailout of the financial system to rescue the U.S.

The article focuses on the weak automobile industry in Michigan. It mentions that the economy of the state is too weak and that there is a very high unemployment rate. It says that the Congress failed to bail out automakers due to the current state's situation. It mentions that the economic recession in Michigan is not unique and that it reflects the economic woes of the whole country. Democrat Dale E. Kildee expresses his optimism that Michigan would still recover.

The article reports on the growing concern expressed by members of the U.S. Congress and President-elect Barack Obama about the Treasury Department's management of the $700 billion bailout program created in October 2008. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) reported that the Treasury Department did not have the tools to assess whether the cash infusions are working. Moreover, GAO conveyed that the Treasury needs to develop a more robust set of internal controls over the bailout program.

The article focuses on the outcome of the asset purchase plan of Treasury Secretary Henry M. Paulson Jr. that aims to mitigate the mortgage crises in the U.S. It cites that Paulson has proposed a need for $700 billion bailout money to remove the worthless mortgage-backed securities off the book of troubled bank. However, it cites that the $350 billion installment of the bailout money was proven not effective to rebuild the mortgage sector. It presents different views regarding the bailout plan.

The article reports that a bipartisan group of Michigan lawmakers has called on the United States Treasury Department to consider using the broad authority granted by Congress in a bailout law to help the domestic automobile industry. According to the author, the delegation has asked the Treasury to consider all available options to help all parts of the auto industry.

The article reports on the address of Senator Barack Obama to the American International Group Inc. for a taxpayer-funded bailout worth $85 billion in the U.S. It notes that Senator Obama related the corporate oversight to the unethical behaviors of the firm's executives that contributes to the financial crisis in the mortgage industry. Moreover, it states that a retreat at the St. Regis Resort in Monarch Beach, California was instituted to settle the issue, but no higher officials attended.

The article focuses on the criticism of lawmakers regarding the new financial bailout plan of the Bush Administration into battered financial institution. The new bailout packages of the Treasury White House provides $250 billion into banks in exchange for an equity stake. An overview of the issues faced by the bailout projects is presented. The lawmakers are pursuing financial assistance for the struggling homeowners and broader sectors of the economy, not just the finance industry.

The article reports on how members of the U.S. House voted on September 26, 2008 on Louise Slaughter's motion to adopt the rule to provide for House floor consideration of the Senate amendment to the bill that would allow the Treasury to use up to $700 billion to buy mortgage-backed assets. The motion was approved with a tally of 235 affirmative votes and 190 negative votes.

A list of dates and actions related to the signing of the troubled mortgage-backed asset purchase program in the U.S. Congress and White House in September and October 2008 is presented.

The article reports on how members of the U.S. House voted on September 26, 2008 on Barney Frank's motion to concur in the Senate amendments to the bill that would allow the U.S. Treasury to use up to $700 billion to buy mortgage-backed assets. The motion was approved with a tally of 263 affirmative votes and 171 negative votes.