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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the bibliometric study of journal articles in Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) related to outsourcing library functions, including publication trends from 1994 to 2015, core journals, authorship and citing articles used for librarians and researchers to have a basic reference of relevant resources.Design/methodology/approach The methodology consisted of journal article searches in SSCI with 1994-2015 as the date limiter. The search terms came from the topic of outsourcing to the topic of library by using the Boolean operator; and results were used in the Web of Science (WOS) database based on pre-determined categories and were evaluated based on the five research questions about core journals, authorship and citing articles.Findings The findings were based on the five research questions evaluated in the bibliometric study. There were 55 articles published on the topics of outsourcing and library authored by 80 individuals between 1994 and 2015. In the 55 articles analyzed, there were 24 different journals represented with 150 times cited.Originality/value This study takes the bibliometric analysis approach, which has rarely been used on the topics of outsourcing and library articles with the specific focus on library finance issues. It provides a foundation for further research on the topic as well as resources to be used by librarians and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the alternatives to Google web searching. Design/methodology/approach - The paper discusses the alternatives to Google web searching, focusing on different approaches, specific topics and particular formats. Findings - That competition is especially fruitful for those who make our livings searching for information. Originality/value - The paper presents different approaches to searching by Google. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe the fundraising activities carried out by two libraries at the University of Bologna (Italy), which could be adopted by other libraries. Design/methodology/approach - The paper discusses the approach adopted and gives examples. Findings - The crisis can be an opportunity to identify weaknesses and strengths and then to study the market and find economic support, but also to improve services in order to meet different needs. Originality/value - The originality of the paper relies on the interpretation of the crisis as a challenge to build a network of library supporters and new interests in library services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide suggestions for communicating library needs and opportunities to prospective donors. Design/methodology/approach - The paper discusses and gives examples of outreach communications that can inspire support. Findings - The paper proposes that fundraising opportunities can be communicated and enhanced through a variety of methods. Originality/value - The value of the paper is in its suggestions for promoting the library's needs and opportunities through external communication means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to continue the discussion of planning as an essential part of the leadership quality of good time management by presenting a step-by-step procedure for working out an action plan based on work goals. Design/methodology/approach - The paper discusses the importance of having an action plan to guide staff members in accomplishing work goals, sets forth the 5 key elements in an action plan, and then shows how to develop each of those elements. Findings - The paper finds that an action plan is a helpful tool to ensure continuing progress toward work goals and that there are five key elements to be developed for every action plan in pursuit of a goal. Originality/value - The value of developing an action plan is that it helps avoid many problems with projects and provides the mechanism for solving many others, so that projects designed to pursue work goals do not stall out indefinitely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to share practical ideas about acquiring more and varied library resources in spite of a flat budget. Design/methodology/approach - The paper reports The Citadel's efforts to do numerous things to reinforce the importance of library materials as well as a library building. Findings - The paper reports that these networking efforts, including mandatory library instruction in first-year experience courses, have borne good karma and might even lead to increased book money. In a continuing quest for open-source alternatives to paid subscriptions, web-based services were found to augment the collection and perhaps even supplant a few purchases. Additionally, serendipity has revealed outside help in the form of LSTA grants and cooperative collection development. Originality/value - The paper shares practical ideas about acquiring more and varied library resources when holding a low budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to provide a tribute to the life and work of library fund-raiser Gwen Leighty. Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses personal knowledge and references to Academic Libraries Advancement and Development Network (ALADN) and LIBDEV web sites. Findings - The paper finds that fundraising is connecting with people and the journey that each development officer must make while raising funds for their library. Originality/value - The paper presents a brief history of ALADN and the valuable contribution one person made to the cause of library fund-raising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this essay is to provide suggestions for raising money for collections. Design/methodology/approach - The paper discusses and gives examples of strategies to raise awareness of giving opportunities to support library collections. Findings - This paper suggests that traditional fundraising for collections has become more difficult, and innovative appeals are required to attract donors. Originality/value - The value of this paper is in its presentation of examples and strategies for raising funds to support collection building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how statewide advocacy and advocacy planning can effectively ward off major threats to library funding. Design/methodology/approach - The paper presents a case study of New Jersey advocacy efforts when faced with proposed legislation to halve the minimum mandated funding for public libraries in the state. The paper describes various advocacy strategies. Findings - The advocacy process has had encouraging results, although the threat of funding cuts remains. Originality/value - The case study demonstrates that creating a statewide task force to focus on advocacy and other advocacy strategies can be effective in thwarting legislative efforts to reduce library funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to consider several methods for establishing and growing a pool of potential library donors. Who gives to libraries and where are they? All types of libraries can benefit from private giving; the initial challenge in building a philanthropic base is identifying prospective donors. Design/methodology/approach - Considers the donor development strategies employed by the University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries, noting those most effective. Findings - A range of initiatives can help establish and build a donor base, such as robust programming, expanded partnerships, annual fund efforts, friends groups, and a mix of technologies. Originality/value - This paper fulfills an identified information/resource need and offers practical suggestions to library administrators for building a donor base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to report the problems which the library management at the National Institute for Nigerian Languages (NINLAN) encounter in accessing and utilizing library intervention money from the Education Trust Fund (ETF) in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach - The paper discusses problems experienced by NINLAN Library, including inadequate period specified for retirement of utilized funds, delay in securing approval for new projects, effort of some members of committees to influence award of contracts, and absence of librarians in most ETF project committees. Findings - The management of NINLAN Library, educational institutions in Nigeria and ETF, should be proactive in planning for development programmes, and articulating projects to be funded by the ETF. There should be clear guidelines for accessing, utilizing and retiring the funds approved for different projects. Originality/value - The paper offers suggestions to alleviate the problems. These include increasing in the allocation of library intervention funds, extending the period for utilization and retirement of project funds, and inclusion of librarians in various committees for library intervention projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper aims to provide an overview on how important funding is to what can be accomplished by a library director, and how it impacts library management decisions. Design/methodology/approach - Using eight financial areas common to all libraries, the importance of adequate funding is presented in the paper and the consequences of different funding levels are examined. Findings - The paper finds that no matter how innovative or progressive a library director may want to be, libraries that are not on solid financial ground will not remain relevant in the future. A library director needs to know the level of funding, where the funds are coming from, and level of continued support they can expect if they are to manage effectively. Originality/value - Great leadership cannot solve an institution's numerous problems when lack of operating revenue is the heart of the issue. Because of this, discussions about the financial health of a library are important when considering to become a library's new director. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - To find new ways to finance the construction of new libraries in the State of New Jersey, this paper seeks to use advocacy as the operational lens to get new buildings delivered to library users. Design/methodology/approach - Using construction as a framework, the author gives a checklist of ten factors on which to develop one's advocacy program for construction. Findings - Funding for libraries is difficult and hard to secure and all types of government allocations are becoming increasingly competitive to secure. This look at finding alternative approaches, using bonds and other activities, will give librarians real solutions to crushing problems of facilities. Originality/value - The ten factors of advocacy, using construction as an example, such as when and how to do presentation and which contacts to develop and exploit, are part of the value of this paper. State resources are commonly a long-term process in securing, so librarians setting these factors in place could develop the needed long-term relationship for securing funds for new buildings or any other new activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All library construction or renovation projects are complete when contractors leave the site, staff and library users occupy the new space, and the accounts funding the project are expended and closed. Typically, additional necessary expenses after occupancy are borne by the library's operating budget, and in this paper are referred to as "after-costs". This paper documents the after-costs of one construction project, Lied Library at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, to serve as a planning tool for others who are currently involved in, or are considering library construction or renovation projects. Identifying the specific after-costs of one library construction project can also serve as an example for estimating or avoiding some of the after-costs of other library construction projects, and perhaps as a basis for justifying requests for reasonable increases in a library's operating budget after new library construction or renovation projects have been completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This paper aims to examine the fundraising strategy known as crowdfunding because it applies to galleries, libraries, archives and museums (GLAM) and to share a crowdfunding case study experience.Design/methodology/approach A rich literature review provides the basis for understanding the central issues related to crowdfunding. Survey data provides information about the perception and experiences of other GLAM organizations with crowdfunding, and a case study shares an experience with the fundraising method.Findings Some GLAM organizations are attempting crowdfunding projects with varied levels of success, whereas others remain unsure but curious. The case study shares one academic library’s direct experience with crowdfunding.Research limitations/implications There is little research currently available related to library use of crowdfunding.Practical implications This paper provides a resource and research starting point for GLAM organizations interested in the crowdfunding model.Originality/value In a comprehensive manner, this article provides much needed research on the current state of crowdfunding as it pertains to GLAM organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose With the retirement of the External Relations Director in early 2014, the Marriott Library’s new Dean used this opportunity to move library fundraising in a new direction. This paper aims to examine one approach to institutionalizing philanthropy to increase its effectiveness and creates a plan for implementation.Design/methodology/approach Changing the position expectations and hiring a new Development Director to lead the change has proven beneficial to the library staff and donors. The new Development Director and Dean are changing the culture of development at the Marriott Library by not only working closely with library faculty and staff but also through making them partners in all aspects of development work.Findings Although the new program has only been in place for a little more than a year, positive outcomes are already emerging. These include a more engaged staff, better served donors and an increase in donations to the library including, a multi-million dollar gift for a major renovation as well as a US$3.5 m gift of rare materials.Originality/value While there has been a lot of research on development, little of it focuses specifically on the assets and challenges libraries face within the context of large universities. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of library fundraising and offers a model of how libraries can leverage their staff and central role within the university. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to provide insights and commentary into issues encountered in maintaining and assessing library technologies and technology-based services with limited budgets and with limited personnel. Design/methodology/approach -- Uses real-world experiences, data and examples gleaned from the evolution of baseball metrics to propose alternative methods of assessing library resources and services. Findings -- Traditional methods of measuring success in baseball proved to be insufficient in telling the entire story behind the numbers. The same is true of libraries where librarians have been very good at gathering numbers, but very poor at using these data to the greatest advantage. Originality/value -- This paper examines the parallels between the baseball and library worlds. It uses anecdotes gleaned from popular media to illustrate the similarities in the number-driven aspects of these institutions. It suggests that libraries take a path similar to that of baseball in developing new measures to paint a more accurate picture of their value and return on investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to explain the concept of Open Educational Resources (OER) and how libraries can make a good case to donors to fund these types of projects. Design/methodology/approach – The literature reveals that donors have been willing to support projects that save students money on textbooks. Course reserves have traditionally been a popular model. More recently, libraries have found funding for OER initiatives. These types of initiatives are discussed and several case studies of donors currently funding OER projects are examined. Findings – Donors, internal and external to the library and to the university, have shown an interest in funding projects that reduce textbook costs for students. They have funded course reserves in the past and have begun to fund OER projects. There are both qualitative and quantitative methods to induce donors to fund these types of projects. Practical implications – Libraries have traditionally supported the mission of access to information and for academic libraries that has sometimes included access to textbooks. Course reserves are a limited solution, whereas when an OER replaces an expensive textbook, it is a viable solution for all students. Social implications – OERs have strong social implications. Any person, whether associated with an institution of higher learning, or not, can access the information in an OER and learn the associated content. Originality/value – There is some literature on specific OER projects. This paper aims to fill a gap in the literature, specifically on how to approach donors regarding OER initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The paper's aim is to provide insights into issues encountered in maintaining library technologies and electronic collections on a limited budget and with limited personnel. Design/methodology/approach - The paper uses real-world experiences and evidence from the body of literature to provide commentary on the importance of clearly defined missions and goals in an era of shrinking budgets and changing user expectations. Findings - Having a clearly defined library mission statement with underlying goals and outcomes is vital in this time of accountability and assessment in higher education. Librarians must be mindful of the need to connect the goals and outcomes to the overall institutional goals in order to provide measurable and meaningful value. Originality/value - The paper examines one library's struggle to establish an identity in an era where traditional methods of determining value are no longer suitable. The article uses dialogue from departmental meetings coupled with evidence from the library literature to state the importance of finding and communicating value in an era of accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the University of Mississippi Libraries' experience in implementing a printing cost-recovery service, unexpectedly finding itself managing a large number of cash transactions, and ultimately – many years later – eliminating the cash payment option. Design/methodology/approach – An analysis of print logs was completed along with a study of the various costs (hardware/software, personnel, consumables, and transaction fees) in order to examine the total operating costs of the system. Findings – Personnel costs related to cash transactions were the greatest expense related to operating the system. Increasing cash-handling costs were driving up the overall operating costs of the public print system. After the cash payment option was eliminated, overall print volume decreased, but the corresponding decrease in operating expenses meant that the library had new opportunities for expanding the and enhancing the service. Originality/value – This case study could be of benefit to others looking to do a similar analysis of fee-based services – particularly high-volume services where cash is a common method of payment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into issues encountered in maintaining library technologies on a limited budget and with limited personnel. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents reports on real world experiences in the deployment of an electronic resource management system (ERMS) in an effort to centralize information relevant to electronic resource subscriptions. Findings – While technological advances have streamlined workflows in the modern library, adequate staffing is still required to maintain these technologies. As such, libraries must re-examine priorities in an age of shrinking budgets. Originality/value – This paper offers insights and real-world experiences encountered in the deployment of an ERMS with limited human resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe books as inventory and suggest lessons which can be learned from business. Design/methodology/approach - Discusses inventory theory and how it pertains to libraries. Findings - New books get most of their use in the first two years on the shelf, as a rule. A book that is unused is "dead inventory" from the perspective of this argument. The small public library that "weeds and turns" its holdings will be highly valued by its patrons. An academic library with 90 percent of its holdings sitting idle may be revered by a core of faculty and friends; but it will likely be totally ignored by many of the net generation who read few books or print journals. This high price in idle inventory cannot continue to be borne if libraries are to thrive in a challenging and fast-changing future. Originality/value - The paper offers an alternative view that may help library adminstrators cope with the challenges they face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the challenges and benefits of a challenge grant. Design/methodology/approach - The paper explains the University of Waterloo Library's first-hand experiences in seeking and acquiring a challenge grant from the Kresge Foundation. Findings - The challenge grant can provide libraries with a unique opportunity to raise their profiles, enlist the support of key leaders, generate excitement about their organizations' work and future plans, and raise additional funds. Originality/value - The paper provides practical suggestions that offer incentive and encouragement to seek a challenge grant due to the many benefits that accrue to a library development program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to advocate for the importance of staff support for library development activities. Design/methodology/approach – This paper discusses basic fund raising principles and how staff can contribute. Findings – This article includes a success example. Originality/value – The article is based on experiences of the author and persons mentioned to produce a successful fund raising campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper explains how library budgets can be cut in ways that are quick and unexpected. The purpose of this paper is to provide reasoning for these cuts with strategies for mediation and avoidance. Design/methodology/approach – By understanding the intricacies of three unique types of phantom cuts, library managers can keep their budgets secure and even win additional monies moving forward. Findings – Budgets can be cut through sound library fiscal management, large-scale restructuring, or swift reaction to unexpected losses in revenue. Keeping the philosophy of the library as the best centerpiece for the potential for learning is the proper method to retain funding. Originality/value – This paper shows sound fiscal management as a potential danger to managerial rewards for sound judgement, and introduces the reader to various aspects of zero-based budgeting and strategic moves for handling complex fiscal change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to present the initiatives that libraries and information services should take from the standpoint of management or services in times of economic crisis or recession such as the one currently occurring. When budget cuts, downsizing and cuts in equipment are continuous, it is important to reflect on the path that each library should take to overcome the crisis while providing users the services they require. Design/methodology/approach – There are projects internationally, including, inter alia, Pulman and Calimera, which highlight the supportive role of lifelong training, of both formal and informal education and of the libraries' contribution to social and economic development. They even claim that along with archives and museums, libraries should collaborate in developing a strong local economy by supporting local businesses and industry in different ways (offering information services, stimulating the acquisition of basic skills and providing career guidance). Logically, the public library is not the only – and may not even be the principal agent or the one most associated with this problem – which can address job insecurity, economic hardship and people's need for training. However, in the author's view it can have a significant and active role, in coordination with other agents, and it is important to take advantage of its potential: its collections, the training of its staff members, its familiarity with the everyday life of towns and cities, its openness to everyone without any preconditions, etc. Findings – In recent years some libraries have seen their financial resources reduced, or have remained stagnant in face of an increased demand for service. A first consideration in this context, which might be very hard but is unavoidable when faced with such a reality, is the need to rethink which services to keep and which to reduce or cancel if there is insufficient funding. At times it is necessary to choose what to do without. Originality/value – Public libraries are increasingly becoming more of a social space where all people can go for information, learning and culture, regardless of their age, level, training or background. The library as a resource, which in many cases is public, and which enables individuals to enjoy their right to information should be defended to the fullest in times such as these. Also, to the greatest extent possible, libraries should be used in a compensatory manner, targeting people with fewer resources who are in need of skills that enable them to return to the workplace or reduce the consequences of lack of income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explicate the universal theme of teamwork within organizations as a performance factor toward effective and efficient library cost savings and long-term group success. Design/methodology/approach – Focusing on lessons from the past, along with current research and experience, library managers can gain insight into tried and true actions increasing the potential for team success essential for smooth operations. Findings – A multitude of elements contribute to effective team management. The cultivation of creativity, the resolution and anticipation of conflict, the blending of physical and virtual interaction and a focus on external environments are key. Originality/value – This paper provides a comparison of current team dynamics with those of the past to show that merely the context of good team management has changed while the core goal of library team management has remained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Over time, management theory has shaped the structure of libraries. No matter the current view of management by matrix, when it comes to library organizations, there is always going to be a hierarchical structure. The object then is for transparency to be in place, and a recognized sense of fairness and equality. This study aims to address this issue. Design/methodology/approach - The paper reviews the concepts of the literature on management and organization theory, and details the literature on valuing human capital and its recent application to knowledge management work. It then discusses how the literature and its deployment over the years have resulted in the formation of pay policies, and shows the application of Fay Hensen's predictive validity testing to the pay policy line in the field of libraries through the study of the New Jersey Library Association's Guidelines for Minimum Recommended Starting Salaries for Library Staff from the years 2007 and 2008. Findings - By measuring for internal job values at libraries through one or more of the measures discussed here, one can arrive at an analysis of the pay policy of the institution. Using trendline analysis, the paper was able to calculate just what the value, worth or salary of the positions should be in order to have a predictive, orderly, hierarchical representation of salaries within the library organization structure. Originality/value - By measuring for internal consistency in job values at libraries, one can be assured that there are fair demarcations among Positions, and yield consistent expectations which are transparent to employees, who will then know what must be done to advance within the organization. A consistent organizational structure, with clearly delineated jobs and equal compensation lets a library know where it stands and where it needs to go from there. By periodically creating a pay policy line study for the organization, human resources personnel can make executives aware of how they may or may not have strayed from balance in fairness and transparent compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to develop and demonstrate a performance-based allocation model for university libraries in India. Design/methodology/approach - Using economic models with weighted values, a system of allocating funds to university library departments is illustrated. Findings - The paper finds that many university libraries in India struggle to continue their existing operations and services due to financial problems. Careful budgeting and most appropriate use of financial resources is essential to solve the existing financial problems. Originality/value - The model takes into account efficiency and equity considerations, which can assist the library in allocating its budget in a transparent and fair manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to determine the current state of financial support of African university libraries, and explore non-traditional methods of providing funding for them. Design/methodology/approach - The paper takes a comparative look at the funding pattern of library and information services in Africa, particularly academic libraries, over the past two decades. Findings - The paper finds that the national governments, the main financial providers, are usually held liable for the continuing inadequacy of the financial support and are, therefore, seen as having ignored their financial responsibility toward libraries. This financial neglect negatively impacts the quality of services provided by the university libraries and, consequently, the quality of teaching and research programs at the universities served by them. Originality/value - As a possible way of breaking away from the complete and absolute reliance on government funding which has proved to be unreliable, alternative ways of funding are suggested. These include information consultancy and brokerage services and other income-generating activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - To address the issue of poor government funding for Nigerian libraries. This situation has led many librarians over the years to explore the possibility of raising additional funds from alternative sources of income. Design/methodology/approach - Explores the current levels of funding for Nigerian academic libraries and identifies some alternative funding sources. On identifying these sources, the success of alternative sources of income is presented and suggestions are made for funding in the future. Findings - Funding for libraries and information centers in Nigeria is largely through government allocations to the overseeing ministries or institutions. Government funding has been poor, requiring libraries to look for alternative sources of income in order to meet the increasingly sophisticated demand of library users for electronic information services. Several methods for generating income have been identified, explored by many libraries, and discussed in library literature, but have yielded little in the way of additional funding. Originality/value - On evaluating all the sources of income available to Nigerian academic libraries, this paper suggests that the most stable and reliable source of funds remains with allocations from the federal government. As the support from the government has not been adequate, suggestions are included on areas where the government could raise taxes to support education in general, and libraries specifically, within Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to examine how weeding physical collections might obviate the need for compact shelving. Design/methodology/approach - Provides a viewpoint on how to manage space and budget within an academic library. Findings - The Daniel Library at The Citadel is scheduled to be renovated beginning in May 2009. Heavy weeding needs to start now, to give technical services staff time to process deselections and transfers from reference to the circulating collection. Originality/value - Shows how a balance between space and budget can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to point out that it is likely that if research is to be done about library finances, working librarians will probably have to take the lead. Design/methodology/approach - The paper discusses why librarians should take charge of doing research about library finances. Findings - More research needs to be done to help librarians maximize their resources. Originality/value - The paper is a call for librarians to take action to overcome the dearth of research done about library finances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to examine how one might proactively trim materials spending. Design/methodology/approach - Provides a viewpoint on how one might proactively trim materials spending. Findings - Faced with a statewide budget reduction of 90 percent, the author found numerous microform and print subscriptions to cancel. Clearly priorities exist, and if we are able to acknowledge and codify them, perhaps we can save money even in years with no budget crisis. A list of central principles and functions might also make weeding and cooperative collection development easier. Originality/value - The idea of a collection management plan is not new, of course, but listing some concrete benefits underscores its importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to suggest that a more deliberate strategy of partnering be considered by library administrators. Design/methodology/approach - Provides a viewpoint on effective library partnering. Findings - In a time of the network, complicated by constrained resources, an organization can innovate more successfully by carefully collaborating with other organizations. Originality/value - Guidelines for selecting and establishing partnerships are offered, along with illustrations of effective library partnering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to look at the impact of the Government subvention to the University of Malawi (UNIMA) from 2004 to 2009 financial years on its libraries and assess levels of fund raising initiatives in the libraries. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted a case study approach. Interviews were conducted with five college librarians in the University of Malawi libraries. University budget estimates from 2004/2005 to 2009/2010 financial years were used to assess the amount of income generated by the libraries. Data are presented in the form of tables and analysed by calculating percentage increases and decreases. Findings – UNIMA as a whole has done extremely well in generating income equivalent to subvention. On the other hand, UNIMA libraries are on the receiving end. From 2004/2005 to 2007/2008 financial years, no income was captured in the university budgets from the libraries. In the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 financial years, UNIMA libraries realised 7.2 per cent and 5.4 per cent of the income. This means UNIMA libraries were heavily dependent on government subvention for their operations. Fundraising is not emphasised despite being an appropriate and alternative source of funding. Practical implications – The study recommends that college librarians should consider diversifying income-generating activities and consider fund raising activities as well. Heavy reliance on government subvention is not sustainable. Libraries should seriously consider fundraising. Originality/value – There is an information gap on fund raising activities in UNIMA libraries. This information bridges the gap on sources of income for UNIMA libraries and provides an assessment of fund raising initiatives taken by UNIMA libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Budgetary and activity-based data examination and analysis are core to planning for all organizations. This paper seeks to explore aspects of budgetary financial data and activity data focusing on how each is presented separately and in tandem for more productive decision making. Design/methodology/approach - Correlations between how data are typically presented versus how they may possibly be presented serve as the basis for a discussion on advantages to a more journalistic and visual approach to looking at numerical analysis. Findings - Using numbers to tell a story is the preferred method to inspire positive action when both presenting and beginning any and all discussions about budgetary and activity data. Library leaders wishing positive outcomes to stem from their data are advised to spend more time making data appealing in form for presentation to a variety of audiences. Originality/value - Financial and outcomes measures data analysis is growing in popularity as a means for making data-driven decisions. Many leaders, however, continue to show numbers in standardized tabular form to all of their stakeholders. This method of presentation attempting to encourage others to enjoy and respect data analysis is not preferred to a more dynamic and visual adoption of data styling. It is argued that attractive presentation of data makes data analysis more attractive, and therefore, more likely to occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to look at adequacy or inadequacy of budgets for University of Malawi Libraries (UML) from financial years 2004 to 2009. Design/methodology/approach – A case study design was used to collect quantitative data. University budget estimate from 2003/2004 to 2009/2010 financial years were used. Findings – The results of the study show that of five constituent colleges of the University of Malawi, four (80 per cent) of their college libraries are inadequately funded below 6 per cent. The average funding as a percentage of the total college funding for the five UML in the six-year financial period from 2004 to 2010 are as follows: Bunda College Library 2.7 per cent; Chancellor College Library 3.72 per cent; College of Medicine Library 3.52 per cent; Kamuzu College of Nursing Library 6.27 per cent; and the Polytechnic Library 3.43 per cent. Only Kamuzu College of Nursing Library received a minimum average of 6 per cent of the total college funding. Practical implications – The study recommends that college librarians should lobby for increased budgets for UML. College librarians should also consider income-generating activities as a means to supplement funding through government subvention. Originality/value – There is very little researched information on inadequacy or adequacy of budgeting and funding on UML. This research adds some information on UML budgeting and financing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to share a perspective new to the author, regarding how acquisitions problems in the library grow and present themselves. Design/methodology/approach – The paper considers possible ways to prevent problems and minimize time spent solving them. Findings – Filing, establishing standard operating procedures, and delegating problems might eliminate or prevent some problems, but unexpected staff shortages and intermittent or unusual problems will continue to occur. Originality/value – It is hoped that the realization that not every situation can be anticipated will help faculty and staff be more patient with their colleagues in the library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper argues that when managing strategically it is important for leaders to consider how to work with the group's culture. Design/methodology/approach - Discusses and gives examples to illustrate how one can determine the nature of a group's culture. Findings - In advancing the library's issues, it is helpful for library directors to determine whether or not the organization's culture will assist the tactics proposed to implement a new plan. Practical implications - This provides concepts to be considered when a leader attempts to move forward a library's priorities. Originality/value - Hopefully, this article will motivate librarians to think about the library's culture when working to advance their library's interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe a library-based hardship fund for librarians in personal financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach - Discusses the proposal for library-based financial support to sustain librarians' memberships to professional organizations and travel expenses for one year. Findings - Libraries supporting professional development should assist librarians achieve this goal in times of personal financial hardship when a crisis may prevent the librarian from carrying on with his/her normal commitments. Originality/value - Although similar plans exist at the university level, none exist at the immediate, personal level of the library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this article is to provide information about many different budgeting systems that are used to allocate resources to libraries. Design/methodology/approach - A number of methods of resource allocation are reviewed. The types of budgeting covered are incremental line-item, formula, mathematical, zero-based, program (including planning, programming, and budgeting systems), performance-based, responsibility center, block-incremental, and initiative-based. Findings - There are numerous types of budgeting systems and each of them functions differently. Research limitations/implications - There are many variations of each of these basic types of budgeting systems. As a result, this article reviews the most prominent ones. Practical implications - This is a very useful source of finding out the fundamentals of each of the basic kinds of budgeting systems. In addition, the article gives many references for finding out more about each of these methods. Originality/value - This paper covers the various types of budgeting systems. This allows librarians to better understand the budgeting system they deal with so that they might better work with it to maximize their library's funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to examine how finances in an academic library might differ from household finances; in particular, how a library budget might be unbalanced throughout a fiscal year. Design/methodology/approach -- The author compares typical library resources to representative groceries purchased for a home and assess the relative nutritional value of each. Findings -- The author concludes that using a library-style budget is likely to result in a less interesting diet, but such a budget is, with planning, adequate to sustain a minimum level of health. In future columns the author plans to examine ways a library budget might be altered in order to move beyond adequacy to higher performance levels. Originality/value -- The approach should be worthy of note for administrators who struggle with the "use it or lose it" philosophy common in libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- This paper aims to introduce the column and the idea of library leadership as it relates to library finances. It distinguishes between good leadership (dynamic) and good management (static), and sets forth the subject of subsequent installments of the column that will focus on attributes of good library administrative leadership. Design/methodology/approach -- The approach taken is to introduce the column, define what it will cover and set up subsequent columns which will each expound upon one "leadership performance standard." Findings - This paper shows that although leadership has been extensively studied, it is still not readily understood. As a quality that should be modeled and taught it first requires definition. Originality/value -- Learning the differences between good administrative leadership and good management as well as the fact that there are specific attributes to good administrative leadership lays the groundwork for subsequent discussion of those attributes for library administrators at all levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Given the common theme of budget cuts, one library presents its award-winning story to provide information to a small community, extended from other common community and state resources. Design/methodology/approach - Explores how this library won the award of being the "Best small library in America". For those not knowledgeable of the geography of the USA, this winner is found in the most unlikely of places, Alaska, one of only two states not connected to the other 48 states. Given the unique way of approaching library service, one can see how the award was won. Findings - Several methods for living in a world of reduced funds include, thinking out of the proverbial box and doing things different ways; partnerships with organizations and grant institutions; doing events and programs for specific groups and involving the entire community in the process. Originality/value - On being seen as an award-winning institution, members of the library world often ask, "How did they win and we didn't?" or "How can we replicate the success which that institution is having?" This paper takes those questions and gives the authors a clear picture of how to accomplish success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the traditional librarian positions with intelligence analyst positions. Design/methodology/approach – Opinion. Findings – Similarities outnumber differences, and borrowing vocabulary and skills could benefit both, especially regarding long-term planning and spending in academic libraries. Research limitations/implications – Comparing salaries, management structure and possibilities for advancement would be interesting points of study. Originality/value – A literature search for comparing librarians with intelligence analysts revealed, in part, a 2013 lecture at the annual Special Libraries Association conference by Edna Reid, and a 2012 article from the Journal of Education for Library and Information Science on incorporating aspects of intelligence analysis into library school curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This article aims to provide insights into issues encountered in maintaining library technologies and technology-based services on a limited budget and with limited personnel. Design/methodology/approach – The article uses real world experiences to provide commentary on protocols and practices as they relate to providing library services under increasingly tight budget constraints. Findings – The rapid growth in online education has brought about many changes to library services. Librarians must make conscious efforts to not only adapt accordingly, but also to stay true to the mission and core values in the face of this rapidly changing landscape. Originality/value – The paper uses real-world examples to provide critical commentary on the librarian service ethic as it relates to staying true to the mission as opposed to overreaching in the name of service for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the financial aspect of the 2002 National Association of Library and Information Science Educators (NALISE) - Nigerian library and information science educators' umbrella body. Conference financial difficulties encountered by the hosting department and how these difficulties were tackled are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]