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This article from Astronomy magazine addresses several questions related to astronomy. The first question asks why there are no green stars. The answer explains that the color of stars is determined by their temperature, with hotter stars appearing blue and cooler stars appearing red. Green is a specific frequency that cannot dominate over other colors in the spectrum emitted by stars. The second question discusses how black holes end up in the center of galaxies. Stellar-mass black holes can be randomly kicked in any direction when they are created, so they don't necessarily end up in the center of a galaxy. Supermassive black holes, on the other hand, are different and are believed to form around the same time as galaxies. However, the gravitational interactions between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies are minor, and most stars in a galaxy orbit the center of mass of the galaxy rather than the black hole. The third question explores the percentages of dark matter and dark energy in the universe and whether they are stable or changing. Dark matter makes up most of the mass of galaxies and is not visible, while dark energy is causing the universe to expand at an accelerating rate. The amounts of dark matter and dark energy are believed to be the same in every direction and have remained relatively constant over cosmic time. The final question addresses how globular clusters remain intact for long periods of time without stars colliding. The answer explains that the angular momentum of the stars in a globular cluster keeps the cluster from collapsing, and the average distance between stars [Extracted from the article]

This article from Astronomy magazine provides a list of large and spectacular celestial objects that can be observed through small telescopes or even with the naked eye. The author created a list of their top 50 objects, considering only deep-sky objects that are at least twice as large as the Full Moon. The list includes objects from all seasons, such as the Barnard's Loop, Rosette Nebula, Virgo Cluster, Coma Star Cluster, zodiacal light, Serpens-Aquila rift, Pipe Nebula, M16, M17, Sharpless 2-54, Eta Persei, Double Cluster, Heart and Soul nebulae, IC 1396, and the Andromeda Galaxy. The article also mentions that the other 38 objects can be explored on Astronomy's website. [Extracted from the article]

Celestron has developed the StarSense Autoguider, a compact and powerful piece of equipment that combines a small telescope and digital camera with their successful StarSense technology. This autoguider performs precise alignment and accurate tracking using a guide star, making it ideal for astrophotographers. The autoguider can be easily plugged into a Celestron mount or computerized telescope, allowing users to polar align or star align their mount and accurately slew to any object in the supplied database. The autoguider can be operated using the Celestron hand control, CPWI software, or the SkyPortal app. It is compatible with DSLR or mirrorless cameras and can be controlled through the CPWI software, which provides additional features such as a fullscreen star map and guiding corrections display. The autoguider is easy to set up and use, making it suitable for both novice and experienced astrophotographers. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the Ring Nebula (M57) in Lyra, which is a popular planetary nebula in the night sky. The focus of the article is on the nebula's central star, which is challenging to spot due to its location at the limit of vision. The article provides historical information about the discovery of the Ring Nebula and the mysterious nature of its central star. It also offers tips for observers who want to see the central star, including using high magnification and focusing solely on the star rather than the nebula itself. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the findings of NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) regarding the Cigar Galaxy, also known as M82. Located 12 million light-years away, M82 has a high rate of star formation, 10 times faster than the Milky Way. The JWST's infrared sensitivity allows it to accurately count M82's star clusters and capture a detailed image of the wind emanating from its core. The article includes images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope and the JWST, highlighting star clusters, gaseous streamers formed by galactic winds, and concentrated areas of iron from supernova remnants. [Extracted from the article]

Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have discovered 40 Jupiter-mass objects with binary companions in the Orion Nebula, challenging current models of planet formation. The researchers observed the nebula for 34.9 hours, focusing on its core, and found 540 objects with masses similar to or below that of Jupiter. What surprised the scientists the most was the high number of binary objects, which goes against theoretical predictions. The researchers suggest that current explanations for how planetary-mass objects form may be incomplete, and propose a combination of collapsing gravitationally and coalescing in a circumstellar disk as a possible solution. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the discovery of a dark ring nebula in the North America Nebula by American astronomer Daniel Walter Morehouse in the early 20th century. Morehouse used a Sigma Lumière dry plate to capture a long exposure image of the nebula, revealing the presence of a prominent dark ring. He later published his findings, suggesting that the ring is caused by a ring of black absorbing material. Subsequent observations and studies confirmed the existence of the dark ring, which measures 30' by 12' across. The article concludes by speculating on the best viewing conditions to observe the complete ring visually. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the discovery of five massive star clusters within the Cosmic Gems arc, a galaxy that can only be observed through gravitational lensing. These star clusters have the potential to become globular clusters, which are dense collections of ancient stars. The Cosmic Gems arc is seen as it was 460 million years after the formation of the universe, during the epoch of reionization. It is believed that galaxies like the Cosmic Gems arc played a significant role in clearing away the dense fog of neutral hydrogen and ending the cosmic dark ages. [Extracted from the article]

Deep-sky highlights The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is the bright est naked-eye object outside our galaxy visible in the northern sky. The sky Winter boasts the brightest stars of any season. SPRING The sky The Big Dipper, the most conspicuous part of the constellation Ursa Major the Great Bear, now rides high in the sky. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the limitations of the Messier catalog, a famous catalog of deep-sky objects published by French astronomer Charles Messier in 1781. The catalog originally included 103 objects, but with additions from other astronomers, it now contains 109 objects. The author highlights several objects that they believe should have been included in the catalog, such as the Leo Triplet, the Needle Galaxy, and the Double Cluster. The article suggests that there are many other objects in the sky that are easier to observe than those in the Messier catalog, and encourages readers to explore beyond the catalog. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the recent findings of NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which has captured never-before-seen details in the dense core of the Milky Way Galaxy. The image shows Sagittarius C (Sgr C), a star-forming region located 26,000 light-years from us and 300 light-years from the Galaxy's supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*. The image reveals a mosaic of around 500,000 shining stars, an ionized hydrogen gas region, an infrared-dark cloud, and a luminous protostar cluster. The cluster contains stars that are forming and gaining mass, emitting energetic photons that cause the nearby gas to glow. [Extracted from the article]

GLO:ast/01jun20:59n1.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): NGC 2419 gl Spring GLO:ast/01jun20:60n1.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): NGC 3201 gl GLO:ast/01jun20:60n2.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): M5 gl Let's begin with the faintest object on the list, which, admittedly, is a nontraditional opener. Through a 4-inch scope under a dark sky, you'll resolve more than a dozen outlier stars. Next up is M22, the third-brightest globular cluster in the sky, surpassed only by Omega Centauri (NGC 5139) and 47 Tucanae (NGC 104), both of which lie much farther south. A 4-inch scope will resolve dozens of stars around M15's bright central region. [Extracted from the article]

NOT IDENTICAL TWINS Open clusters M46 and M47 lie in the constellation Puppis the Stern. FERRERO 6 This faint planetary nebula in Cassiopeia wasn't identified until French amateur astronomer Laurent Ferrero found it in 2013. DON'T GET PINCHED The Lobster Claw Nebula (Sharpless 2-157) is an emission nebula in the constellation Cassiopeia the Queen. [Extracted from the article]

As April opens, a dazzling Venus hangs in Taurus the Bull, just 1.7° below the sparkling Pleiades star cluster (M45). Shining at magnitude -4.6, Venus overpowers the star cluster in brilliance, but the Pleiades holds its own as a star-studded region. GLO:ast/01apr20:43n2.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): This 8th-magnitude asteroid glides north of the V-shaped Hyades star cluster and 1st-magnitude Aldebaran during April. gl. [Extracted from the article]

It's unknown whether the asymmetrical appearance of NGC 2276 is due to tidal interactions with NGC 2300 (or other members of the sparse NGC 2300 galaxy group), or due to the galaxy's motion through a massive cloud of gas. GLO:ast/01feb20:59n2.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): 8 NGC 1807 and NGC 1817 make a striking pair when seen through a wide-field telescope. GLO:ast/01feb20:59n3.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): 9 NGC 2183 and NGC 2185 are a pair of blue reflection nebulae in the constellation Monoceros. Just 1° west of Gamma (y) Monocerotis, you'll find a double "dwarf nebula": NGC 2183 and NGC 2185. [Extracted from the article]

$499.00 info@zwoptical.com https://astronomy-imaging- camera.com Capturing eclipses Amazing Sky Strathmore, Alberta How to Photograph the Solar Eclipses is the newest guide from renowned astrophotographer Alan Dyer. Rich color Vixen Co. Saitama, Japan Vixen's SD115SII apochromatic refractor has 4.5 inches of effective aperture and a focal ratio of f/8, making it a versatile performer for observing planets, nebulae, and star clusters alike. The 5.5-pound (2.5 kilograms) unit packages a 2-inch f/5 scope, triplet apochromatic optics, an altaz tracking mount, dew heater, and filter wheel (including an Ha/OIII dual-band filter). [Extracted from the article]

As it passes centrally through Auriga, the Milky Way brings several open star clusters that are eager to show themselves through binoculars. COLUMNS Travel southeast from Capella to capture Auriga's targets. The 20th century's preeminent deep-sky author, Walter Scott Houston, once wrote of the late autumn sky, "The celestial actors are in place, a serene majesty washes over the stage, and I can hear the music of galactic trumpets in their opening bar. [Extracted from the article]

Algol (Beta [ ] Persei) was nicknamed the Demon Star by the ancients because they imagined it as the evil eye of Medusa the Gorgon. COLUMNS Perseus, the Greek mythological hero, is probably best known to amateur astronomers as the home of the beautiful Double Cluster, NGC 869 and NGC 884. Messier may have missed the Double Cluster, but he did include another striking Perseus target that we can enjoy through our binoculars. [Extracted from the article]

The article provides information on the open star cluster and galaxies featured in the closing credits of the science fiction television series "The Outer Limits." Particular attention is given to the clusters M67, NGC 891, and M104.

The article discusses the light of galaxy and the Milky Way which comes entirely from a combination of shining stars and glowing gas. Also discussed is the active galactic nuclei (AGN) which are found throughout the cosmos in many forms wherein some hide within seemingly normal galaxies while the brightest pump out so much energy that outshine entirely their host galaxy.

The article discusses the large galaxy in the sky which came from an assemblage of small galaxies composed of globular clusters, groups of stars sharing a gravitational influence and forming into a dwarf galaxy. It states that astronomers are able to group most nearby galaxies into the three main classifications such as elliptical, spiral and irregular.

The article discusses the Red Planet Mars which does a nice job of keeping ahead of the Sun during March, moves eastward relative to the background stars at nearly the same pace as the star. It states that the Red Planet Mars slides just south of the blue-white stars, joining the Pleiades star cluster during late March and early April 2019.

The presents insights regarding the three areas of winter sky which will enjoy by hunters of nebulae, clusters, and galaxies. Areas include the milky lake of celestial wonders east of Deneb in Cygnus the Swan, the open cluster M52, and the six open star clusters, two nebulae, and one supernova remnant.

The article reports on the total lunar eclipse in the U.S. by January 2019. Topics mentioned include the planets that will be viewed in lunar eclipse such as Venus, Jupiter, and Mercury, the Beehive star cluster that will be seen as eclipse progresses, and the position of several planets such as Neptune and Uranus during the lunar eclipse.

The article offers information on the Pegasus star constellation and offers guidance for its observation. Topics discussed include the M15 star cluster and its observance using a telescope, the sighting of the NGC 7217 spiral galaxy, and the Omega Nebula in the Sagittarius constellation. Also mentioned is the Pegasus Dwarf galaxy.

The article report on the New General Catalogue (NGC) of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars which was published in 1786 that contains a great observing list of NGC objects that are prime numbers. Discussed is William Herschel who is an observer extraordinaire from England in which in 18th century, he and sister Caroline scanned the skies and documented clusters and nebulae in a sky that was as unfamiliar to observers.

The article reports that constellation Coma Berenices is home to spiral, elliptical and interacting galaxies. It states that Melotte 111 is the third closest and one of the largest star cluster to the Sun. It is noted that the Coma Cluster of galaxies lies 300 million light-years away and contains more than 650 galaxies. The ultra-diffuse galaxies are the size of our Milky Way, however contains only about 1000th as many stars.

The article reports that Orion Nebula (M42) provides the grandest view through a telescope in winters. It mentions that binoculars or a telescope, the nebula expands into a glowing gossamer cloud engulfing Theta and several other stars. It also mentions that NGC 1981 is a coarse, scattered open cluster containing 20 stars.

NGC 7496 is one of 19 galaxies targeted by JWST for the Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby Galaxies (PHANGS) collaboration, which seeks to better understand how interstellar gas and star formation affect the structure and evolution of galaxies. The resolution and sensitivity of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) enabled it to identify 67 new candidate star clusters within the galaxy, which is located some 24 million light-years away in the constellation Grus the Crane. This ghostly image of the spiral galaxy NGC 7496 reveals fine filaments of gas and dust interspersed with gigantic voids carved out by young, energetic stars. [Extracted from the article]

Although Alnitak is 20 times wider than the Sun and has dozens of times more mass, its feeding frenzy ensures it won't live long. Alnitak wasn't even around when Earth's first grasses appeared 55 million years ago. Most of its energy isn't even fiercely hot blue light, but instead deadly ultraviolet (UV), the stuff that punishes our beach vanity with a painful sunburn - except that Alnitak's UV is largely the intense UVC radiation. The Flame Nebula (NGC 2024) almost touches Alnitak's eastern side, and a narrow streak of glowing gas as long as two Full Moons dangles south of it, illuminated and excited by its UV photons. [Extracted from the article]

When NASA released the first science images from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) last July, one of the standouts was a region that scientists dubbed the Cosmic Cliffs, at the edge of the star cluster NGC 3324 in Carina roughly 7,600 light-years away. Although the area is known for spawning stars, its abundant gas clouds absorb much of their light at visible wavelengths. By homing in on data from JWST's Near- Infrared Camera at a wavelength of 4.7 microns, researchers permeated the puffs and found 24 outflows throughout the region from young stars spitting out molecular hydrogen in the form of jets. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on several global clusters appearing more prominently in the summer sky, consisting of on average several hundred thousand closely packed stars. Topics include decrease in number of globular clusters as sparsely populated fall sky replaces the jeweled treasures of summer such as M2 in Aquarius and M15 in Pegasus, globular cluster M30 residing in the constellation Capricornus and most challenging globular cluster and still belonging to the Milky Way is Aquarius' NGC 7492.

In this article, the author discusses the position of planets and astronomical activities on solar system in the month of May 2017. It mentions the low shrinking of the Pleiades star cluster in the west after sunset, and states that the planet Jupiter appears in the southeast in early evening and remains on view nearly all night. It also mentions that the planet Saturn which rises in late evening, climbs highest in the south before dawn.

Not every galaxy tilts face-on to our line of sight, offering observers glorious views of spiral arms chock-full of brilliant blue star clusters and the reddish nebulae that give birth to them. Such is the case with the barred spiral galaxy NGC 3568 in the southern constellation Centaurus. NGC 3568 glows at magnitude 12.6 across 57 million light-years of space and is a member of the NGC 3557 group of about a dozen galaxies. [Extracted from the article]

Being able to identify more globular clusters could allow astronomers to apply techniques to the early universe that they have so far only used in the local universe, Iyer notes. The first image ever released from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) teems with thousands of galaxies, including some shining when the cosmos was less than a billion years old. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the observation of the star clusters. Among the star clusters that were discussed include brilliance of the Pleiades star cluster (M45), the New General Catalogue (NGC) 869 and NGC 884 called Pleiades autumn cluster stars, and the brilliant orange star Aldebaran Hyades. It also mentions the Alpha Canis Majoris and the Theta Canis Majoris.

Scan east of the Taurus Double Cluster and you'll notice a broad, arrowhead-shaped pattern of about half a dozen 5th- and 6th-magnitude stars aimed back at NGC 1817. COLUMNS This month, all eyes will be on Mars as it reaches opposition on Dec. 8 (see page 36 for how best to observe it) within everyone's favorite bull, Taurus. It's difficult to tell the true cluster members apart from the field stars, since there are about 20 stars brighter than 8th magnitude within the cluster's borders. [Extracted from the article]

The collision sparked a firestorm of starbirth in gas-rich NGC 2445. Astronomers suspect that NGC 2445 - the distorted spiral at right - passed through its more sedate companion, NGC 2444, perhaps 100 million years ago. Massive star clusters appear as brilliant blue clumps while pink gas clouds cloak the next generation of infant suns. [Extracted from the article]

The vibrant blue colors within these galaxies are the result of massive quantities of hydrogen gas creating groups of new stars in clusters. Hickson Compact Group 31, composed of four interacting dwarf galaxies located 166 million light-years from Earth, shines with a brilliant mix of powder-blue and pearlescent streaks in this photo made with NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. Hubble captures a cascade of star formation. [Extracted from the article]

Fast radio bursts, or FRBs, are brief, intense flashes of radio waves believed to arise on extremely magnetic neutron stars called magnet-ars. Alternatively, perhaps FRB 20200120E is the result of a merger between two white dwarfs, two neutron stars, or one of each. The fact that the signal originates from such a small area supports the idea that FRBs come from magne-tars, as neutron stars themselves are small: roughly the size of Manhattan. [Extracted from the article]

COLUMNS GLO:ast/01jul21:54n1.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): Collinder 399, commonly called the Coathanger, is a random grouping of stars in the constellation Vulpecula. gl A clear and moonless July evening is in the offing, and I've decided to turn my attention to the constellation Vulpecula the Little Fox. Back in the late 1970s, I viewed NGC 6830, NGC 6940, and NGC 6885 with a 3-inch reflector. The atlas shows four of them - NGC 6802, NGC 6830, NGC 6885, and NGC 6940 - plus the emission nebula/cluster complex NGC 6820/6823. [Extracted from the article]