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Currently available foot prosthesis model are more than 50 in number. In order to perform some extraordinary errands, for example, strolling, moving, cycling, golfing, swimming, snow skiing or running they are employed. Many are waterproof and made of lightweight materials, for example, plastic, metal combinations and carbon-fiber composites. Prosthetic feet can be essential (unmoving), explained (moving in at least one bearings), or element reaction (putting away and returning vitality when strolling, giving a feeling of "pushing off," much like the human foot). However there are certain problems which are not completely tackled by the currently available prosthesis for which the walking pattern remains strongly disturbed. Today's prosthetic feet may have toe and heel springs to permit more lower leg development and movable heel statures, and to assimilate stun but the load distribution is not proper which leads to fatigue. In this paper, a powered ankle-foot prosthesis mechanism that aims at the equal distribution of the load using a hydraulic system in order to store the energy in the spring over the movement of prosthetic ankle was presented. Although the prosthetic foot presented in this paper is driven by an electric-motor it is made lighter and robust than the currently available ones. Some primary experiments were conducted by taking the forces acting to account. A 3-D model of the proposed design was made using piston cylinder arrangement in order to get a real ankle like movement, thereafter the stress analysis of the same was done and results were discussed.

This paper is written as one of the records of MOP model developments. MOP model is a new creation model for re-analyzing accidents in maritime traffic system (MTS). MOP is an abbreviation from 4M Overturned Pyramid, where 4M is Man, Machine, Media, and Management. The MOP Model is a 3D view model, looks like thee sided inverted pyramid that has 4 corners representing 4M and 6 edges as line relation for corners. At this paper, MOP model has been developed until the last steps. There are 2 steps utilizing MOP model when re-analyzing accidents, namely Corner Analysis (CA) that resulting causative factors (CFs) as the first step, and Line Relation Analysis (LRA) that resulting causative chains (CCs) as the second step. To see how this step works, 20 ship collisions in Japanese MTS have been re-analyzed. In this research, MOP Model has been upgraded until the second step, namely Line Relation Analysis (LRA). The outcome of this step is causative chain (CC). The results is there is core causative chain that has several heads and tails. However, most of the causative factor (CF) that perform CC are classified in Man Factor, especially improper look-out.

There is one project related to high resolution aeronautic camera, which is used in the Military aircraft. In the project, the task requires that the camera's field angle is ±20 degrees. Besides, we there need a window glass for the camera, and the distance between the window-glass and the platform is limited not more than 30mm. That is to say, the aerial camera is required to have a large field of view and small optical window order. To solve this problem, we designed a four-section-type optical window. This paper mainly describes the possible kinds of joining of the glasses used in this four-section-type optical window. There are three kinds of joining mentioned in this paper, such as mechanical connection, joining with adhesive and welding connection. Every kind has its own advantages and disadvantages. After the comprehensive consideration, the paper will use the method of mechanical connection. And this paper will give some guiding significance for the subsequent progress of the project.

This paper presents the Least Energy Demand as an independent reference value for evaluating energy efficiency of additive manufacturing (AM) processes. Nowadays an essential challenge is represented by a proper evaluation and calculation of the energy efficiency of production processes. The reason for this is the lack of appropriate reference values. A comprehensive comparison of the energy efficiency is not possible without consistent reference values. However, this comparison serves as a first step towards the goal in order to reveal the actual energy savings potential of additive manufacturing procedures and to take actions on this basis. Therefore, as a first step the basic concept of the additive manufacturing principle is introduced. Subsequent the scope of the current research regarding the considered additive manufacturing techniques is illustrated. Afterwards the general system of the Least Energy Demand is presented, which serves the needs in terms of evaluating the energy efficiency of additive manufacturing processes. To sustain the comparability of the Least Energy Demand between the presented AM-procedures a solid basis for further calculations is established. Finally this paper concludes with the results of the calculated Least Energy Demands for the individual additive manufacturing processes and a comprehensive energetic comparison.

Due to sensor accuracy and noise interference and other reasons, the measured data may be inaccurate or even wrong. This will reduce the accuracy of the filter and the reliability and response speed of the Kalman filter, and even make the Kalman filter lose the stability. In this paper, a new INS initial alignment error model and observation model are derived for the errors in INS initial alignment. The adaptive Kalman filter is built to improve the stability and the accuracy of filter. The specific method is to make the adaptive Kalman filter manage to correct the filter online by getting the observed data. The simulation results show the proposed algorithm improves the accuracy of initial alignment in SINS, and prove the adaptive Kalman filter is effective. The main innovation in this paper is to manage to build the adaptive Kalman filter to modify the filter online by using the observed data. The adaptive Kalman filter algorithm improves the accuracy of the filter.

In this paper, the reliability and reliability sensitivity of the main shaft device of a hoist system is studied. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a modeling method for the joint probability distribution of main shaft device with coupling faults based on the system reliability theory and copula function theory. The stochastic response of the main shaft device is obtained using design of experiment. The reliability of the main shaft device is calculated based on the fourth moment method. The reliability sensitivity is then deduced based on the reliability results. The joint probability of failure between correlated failure modes is estimated based on the Gumbel copula. The system reliability evaluation of the main shaft device is then calculated. A numerical example of a main shaft device is illustrated to validate the application of the proposed method. The method proposed in this study can be provided for the analysis and design of the main shaft device of deep well hoist as a necessary theoretical basis.

This paper is concerned with the design and implementation of closed-loop controller with current sensors for brushless DC motor drives to yield good speed regulation, low current harmonic and stable output speed. The design of controller is conducted by digitizing the mathematical model of brushless DC motors. The regulation and limitation of control parameters are also studied. The saliency of brushless DC motor yields larger quadrature-axis inductance than that of the direct-axis. This results in reluctance torque accordingly. By appropriately adjusting the direct-axis current, the reluctance torque can be controlled to achieve high-efficiency operation. The proposed control strategy will not only yield optimal efficiency but also result in the immunity of performance to the variation of machine parameters. A predicted current estimator is proposed to function under stationary frame for harmonic current suppression. In this paper, the mathematical models of the brushless DC motor is built and simulated by Matlab/Simulink. Then, a high-performance and low-cost digital signal processor (DSP, TMS320F28335) is used to control the system for reducing the circuit complexity. A digital control system for 750 W brushless DC motor is realized. Experimental results indicate that the total harmonic distortion of current is reduced by the proposed closed-loop controller with current sensor.

Much progress has been made in the field of digital imaging technology with the widespread use of CMOS and CCD devices and the high computing power of IC chips. However, there still are many technological problems to overcome to achieve lightweight and affordable high density 3D lossless imaging for both industrial and scientific applications. This paper will focus on the latest development of freeform optical technology and powerful image analysis techniques to develop a compound eye camera system so as to extract the 3D relative position coordinates of the sub-object in the field of view, and to compensate the shadow effect in the images caused by the non-uniform illumination to obtain high quality lossless images. Such a novel compound eye system will find applications in delivering 3D image of digital camera, increasing capability of scientific profiling measuring instrument, and lowering cost and enhancing resolution of wide-field, video-rate, gigapixel cameras such as the AWARE designed by Duke University.The main objective of this paper is to design a novel compound eye system from high definition 3D lossless digital imaging technology to achieve the realistic three-dimensional positional information of the object in both near and far fields. In the imaging process, the ultimate imaging quality is affected and limited by the resolution of the detector, the field of view, wavefront aberration, resolution of the optical imaging system and the ambient light.The novel compound eye imaging system includes two modules: one is the optical imaging module with compound eye optical elements with other secondary optical lenses, while the other one is the image analysis module. By combining the above optical hardware with the image analysis software, the relative position information of the sub-objects in the picture and the lighting condition of the environment can be deduced accurately.

Reinforced concrete (RC) is the most popular building material in the construction industry. It is a composite material in which low tensile strength and ductility of concrete are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength and ductility. The RC based structures are required to be replaced after their life time. Complete replacement will be a huge financial burden and might certainly be a waste of natural resources when upgrading or strengthening is an adoptable alternative. Strengthening can be achieved through retrofitting. The meaning of retrofitting is addition of new technology, components, accessories or features to older systems. Retrofitting may be required when the structure needs to be used for a purpose dealing with more load compared to design loads. It may also be used where old structures are needed to be upgraded. This paper is focused on the retrofitting of simply supported RC beams. Various materials like polymers, cementitious composites, steel sections etc. are used for retrofitting of RC beams. For the addition of these new materials to the existing ones, various techniques are used. This paper is a review of the materials and techniques used in retrofitting process of RC beams in existing buildings. The effectiveness of each material and technique is also reviewed.

Robotics and automation are playing very imperative role in the modern construction practice to meet the challenges and expectation specifically in the infrastructural projects. Automation is a tool for operating or controlling different stages of construction process using mechanized and electronic devices or control systems to reduce the human intervention to a minimum. The design and implementation of these automation technologies has shown progressive outcomes compared to conventional methods. Moreover, considerable improvement in working condition, reduction in accidents and significant increase in production have been evidently observed in the recent construction projects as well as in the earlier research studies. Although several countries have adopted automation in their construction projects, application of these techniques in India is limited to a greater extent due to lack of proper guidelines and specifications. It is important to develop appropriate standards and guidelines for Indian construction sector. This paper reviews different automation techniques that are currently used in many parts of the world and suggestions for their application in the Indian construction scenario are discussed in detail. Moreover, guidelines for efficient design and implementation of automation techniques in India are highlighted in this paper.

The study is based on XISS(XML Indexing and Storage System) of Dietz’s Numbering Schema to determine the ancestor-descendant relationship. According to the results of research, this paper proposes an improved method of node encoding, realizes its indexing structure, and discusses its query path. Finally, the paper analyzes the property of this improved method.

This paper aims to study the prediction of 4G traffic for customer’s demand of Lao Telecommunications Company (LTC) using statistical method called Cubic method. The data used in our paper are the actual number of customers and the actual bandwidth used by the customers in each month. Those actual data used for predicting the future number of customers and bandwidth used by the customers are collected from January 2014 to April 2015. The accuracy of the prediction is evaluated by using the Mean Square Error (MSE). In our paper, the derived average accuracy is 98%, the results may be used to considering for improving the throughput of Evolved Packet Core (EPC) there by providing the better service to the customer.

Creation of the intelligent system for highly structured domain is possible with determining the whole system of concepts included in the ontology of this area. Presentation by means of formal ontology model provides a uniquely interpreted terms. Based on the model of ontology the intelligent system will integrate their knowledge and information components of all sections of the data area. The paper considers the unification of nanomaterials subdomain with other subdomains that are need to be used for intelligent system for nanotechnology. The paper also proposes mathematical ontology model of one of the component - that is ontology model of foams and emulsions class.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate efficiency of different approaches to parallelization ofstiffness matrix assembly operations, that can be found in any finite element software. OpenMP [1, 2]and POSIX Threads (Pthreads) programming models are two considered in this paper. The OpenMPmodel consist of an Application Program Interface (API) for multi-platform shared-memory parallelprogramming in C/C++. POSIX is an acronym for Portable Operating System Interface and Pthreadsstandards [3] defined as a set of C/C++ language [4] programming types and procedure calls forshared-memory parallel programming. The paper shows that parallelization can efficiently exploit thepower of modern available hardware, significantly reducing the needed computation time. Differentapproaches of each programming model are used for parallelization of stiffness matrix assemblycompared and their efficiency is evaluated in this paper.The different parallelization strategies were implemented in OOFEM [5] which is a free finiteelement code with object oriented architecture for solving mechanical, transport and fluid mechanicsproblems that operates on various platforms. The finite element method leads to set of algebraic equa-tions which components are assembled from contributions of individual elements. In this paper wefocus on assembly of sparse matrix contributions, such as stiffness as mass matrices. Domain decom-position paradigm, where the whole domain is decomposed into sub domain, which contributions areevaluated and assembled by individual threads is hard.The paper discuss the differences between approaches based on OpenMP and Pthreads, datascoping specification for correct parallel programming and memory allocation synchronization andscheduling.

In this paper it is developed a location model for the infrastructures dedicated to non-motorized movements by bike in Oradea city, using ArcGIS geographic and information system [3]. They are taken into consideration the movements made by the target people – alternating movements (from home to school) and optional movements (made for recreation), the densities in residential areas, the type of the city arteries and the mobility need of the target people (in this case – young people aged between 15 and 25) in order to design two structures of the transport infrastructure networks (one for the alternating movements and the other for the optional movements), structures which will be realized on the actual frame of the existing transport infrastructure in Oradea city. Using Dijkstra algorithm, the minimal routes for the movements related to the alternating mobility, but also for the movements specific to the optional mobility are determined. Further on the most used arteries in the two structures of urban infrastructure networks are determined. The paper suggests as a solution the structure of the network for the non-motorized movements and also those arteries that must be used for its development, that guarantee gains for the target people (time), for the main operators who exploit the motorized systems, for the local budget of the local municipalities (less funds to sustain the public services) and especially for the environment and people’s health (attenuation of noxious and phonic pollution, reduction of the accidents’ number and health improvement).

The modern tools of today's concurrent engineering (CE) based management are a wide array of instruments, plans, software, technical skills, human capabilities and resources. This paper aims to emphasize the benefits of such a system implementation in a business environment based on case studies retrieved from scientific literature and author's personal experience in a private working environment. Constant team sessions, briefs, workshops and brainstorming sessions proved to be very powerful tools for the management teams subjected to these studies in order for them to develop fully stable concurrent teams. The paper also highlights the fact that even from the implementation phase the workflow within the CE offers excellent opportunities for continuous improvements of the system and fine tunings of tools that are correspondent to it. As result, CE proves to be one of the best systems around in terms of efficiency, scalability and of course, results.

Handmade sketches of different shapes roof structures, often with openings, are outlined on plain sheet of paper. Then, they are transformed by a 2D mesh generation and applied to FEM calculations. Algorithm where only main coordinates of nodes are used as user input data is studied by the Authors. Shape of the surface, its curvature and openings are detected through the procedures developed in the C++ programming language. A particular emphasis is put to the automation of the process. At a present version the method is used for rectangular shapes, which are quite common in civil engineering structures e.g. building elevations. Detection and processing algorithms are implemented with a usage of a library based on a open code called OpenCV. The computer software is described in this paper and some examples are given

The main reason for the choice of this theme is the extension of use of valve mechanisms and the possibility of using the new simulation program MSC Adams. The aim of this paper is to become familiar with the problems of the valve mechanism, the dynamic analysis and computer simulation. In this paper we described an overview of the problems compiling a mathematical model of the mechanism of the valve timing. After creating a mathematical model was made in the simulation program MSC Adams/View. The equation of motion of a mechanical valve mechanism was compiled Lagrange equations second order. The actual solution procedure that is mentioned in this paper can be applied to solve complex problems and shape of the valve mechanisms.

The paper presents a theme of research through the analysis of flows' modelling and simulation in a flexible manufacturing system. It is studied the simulation with discrete events of a real manufacturing line with the software Delmia Quest. The objectives of this paper are to modelling and simulate the manufacturing system and to choose the properly probability distributions of a cycle time of each machine from this layout. A comparison of three distributions is presented and SCL implemented program will automatically display the values resulting from the manufacturing system simulation.

The paper presents an original solution for the mathematical modeling and simulation of an orthodontic process. The orthodontic process is treated as a distributed parameter, its model being expressed using a partial differential equation, respectively the tooth movement is represented as the approximating analytical solution which verifies the mentioned equation. In order to prove the model usability, some interesting simulations are shown in the paper. The obtained model can be numerically simulated using a software application and the simulation results can be used in order to assist the dentist to establish the orthodontic treatment parameters (at the start of the treatment and during the treatment, too; for example the initial force which has to be applied, respectively its ulterior value adjustments).

Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) is based on a network planning and the Theory of Constraints. The importance of management of uncertainty and deviations that occur during a project is emphasized. The probability of the project completion in a predefined time limit, or even before the time limit is increased. Literature analysis indicates that other types of buffers must be applied (buffer supporting a project, buffer reacting on a critical path, buffer reacting on a non-critical path) apart of feeding, resource and project buffers. Applying the additional buffers keeps the critical path in the same position and maintains the unchanging due date of the project. Methods estimating size of feeding and project buffers are identified: half of the chain method, square root of fault method, modified method of square root of fault, method taking into account due date of the project. In this paper, a new method estimating a size of resource buffer and selecting a location of resource buffer based on the theory of probability is presented. In this paper, the CCPM method is applied to estimate due date of the mining machine production project.

In the paper the concept of using methods and models of the game theory to solve problems in the area of production planning and control is presented. The problems concerning selection of the most favorable routes from given circumstances and for available set of alternative routes in discrete multi-assortment production systems is presented. Considered in this paper the problems related to the allocation of adequate resources to carry out specific production plan of production orders. Combinatorial complexity of those problems is high especially at the operational level. Therefore heuristic or analytical methods are often used in the process of decision support, without indicating the optimum solution. Conducted research in this area are also related to AI methods. The proposed approach in this paper, is based on the game theory in the production planning. The tools of game theory have been used so far mainly in the area of production planning at the levels of strategic and tactical planning. But recently, arises increasingly interest in using game theory in the field of production planning at the operational level. In this case, the player term is replaced with the agent or object term that represents (not the entity or person as it is in the classical approach) production order, production process or package of production orders.

In this paper authors conducted analysis of management features on machine-tools with numerical control using neural network for achieving exactness. Applications of Hopfield networks are discussed in the paper along with application of neuron computers that offer decision making of tasks ticker-coil.

Determination of workspace is one of the main considerations in the design of any robot since the workspace geometry is considered a fundamental issue for robot design. This also plays a crucial role in trajectory planning. Among parallel manipulators, 6-DOF Stewart platforms is the most researched and widely used robot. However, till date there is no closed form expression of workspace volume for Stewart platform. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to find out the workspace volume of Stewart platform. In this paper, individual workspace of each leg of the manipulator (P-U-S) is determined and then translated by a common distance towards their geometrical center thus generating constant orientation workspace. To determine the workspace volume, geometric intersection of the six spheres is computed. This results in workspace of definite shape and size, whose volume is calculated using simple formulae. It is observed that the geometric way of determination of workspace area is computationally less tedious than the algebraic method. This also helps a lot for workspace optimization of such manipulators.

This paper presents a methodology that makes possible the recapture of manufacturing features of using a DXF file. The methodology is illustrated on a prismatic part. CAD/CAPP integration is achieved by Feature Recognizer Interface. Each CAD system has its own database stucture that offers geometric information regarding the parts, hence, the interpretation and change of these are impossible to be done. The methodology presented in this paper shows how geometric model provides the manufacturing information with the help of DXF file.

The searching state space in scheduling of real manufacturing systems with discrete and multi-assortment production is discussed in this paper. The production load is represented by a directed and/or graph called “the aggregated graph of operations planning of the set of orders”. It determines the order of operations, according to which they will be inserted into a schedule. This order must always comply with all assumed precedence and resource constraints and also with given scheduling strategy of a production order. In the elaborated representation the complex products structures and alternative routes of their realization are also considered. The most important issues related to searching this space are discussed in this paper. These include: a general method for searching the graph, sequencing of parallel processes and operations using schedule generation schemes and selection of routes variants.

The paper describes an experimental determination of kinematic quantities using high-speed digital image correlation system. It deals with the analysis of minimal sampling frequency needed for correctly performed high-speed correlation analysis. The authors also describe the influence of cameras sampling frequency on the quality of the obtained results. Mentioned analysis was performed using a rotational object. For the purposes of the results comparison the data obtained from correlation system in a form of displacements in three mutually perpendicular directions were processed in Matlab and in the paper are depicted in a form of graphical visualizations.

The rising amount and complexity of machine tool control software forces developers andvendors to increase software quality assurance measures, especially system regression tests. Thesetests are mostly conducted manually at real machines and thus error-prone, expensive and timeconsuming.This paper discusses the state of the art in machine tool control software testing andproposes a new approach for the automated test of machine tool control software. Its outstandingfeature is a manufacturer-independent test environment that makes it possible to test control softwareon different control types with minimum overhead. The approach bases on a hardware-in-the-loopsimulation system and implies a concept for a uniform access to the multitude of communicationinterfaces of today’s controls. Furthermore, the paper shows the problems that make such a tooldifficult to define and gives a concept for implementation.

This paper is devoted to the study of distributed generation units impact on pricing on the wholesale power energy market. The paper deals with results the analysis of the wholesale electricity market and power. This analysis is necessary for proper impact assessment of distributed generation units on a total optimization. Optimization calculations performed for the real power system, when distributed generation units operating the basic and peak modes, as well as the cost-effectiveness of this modes.

In this paper, we present a new knowledge push technology for complex mechatronic products design based on ontology and variable precision rough set (VPRS). Ontology can explicitly represent knowledge semantics and let designers exchange knowledge about design and the product development process; while using the knowledge reduction method based on the VPRS method, the design knowledge repository is simplified and design rules also be distilled from the reduct design knowledge repository. On the basis of the above approach, multiple designers can efficiently share design knowledge and can obtain appropriate design knowledge during all design processes. Finally, a case is employed to validate the proposed method of this paper.

This paper describes a simple, reliable and swift load-flow solution method with a wide range of practical application. It is attractive for accurate or approximate off-and on-line calculations for routine and contingency purposes. It is applicable for networks of any size and can be executed effectively on computers. The method is a development on conventional load flow principle and its precise algorithm form has been determined to bring improvement to the conventional techniques. This paper presents a comparative study of the new constant Jacobian matrix load flow method built based on several conventional NR load flow methods. Assumptions are made so as to make the matrix constant, thus eliminating the need of calculating the matrix in every iteration. The proposed method exhibits better computation speed.

Designing process is such type of engineering activity that needs to link systemized engineering knowledge with non-systemized method of heuristic concepts generation. To obtain the more predictable results it is needed to change the heuristic elements into more systemized ones. One of possible solution is to use the integrative approach. It bases on the previously proposed structure of any technical mean and on the breakdown of designing activities according to analyzed constructional forms. The structure includes such subsystems of a technical mean like: structural one, drive one and control one. Whereas the distinguished constructional feature includes: geometric one, material one and assembly one. By proper joining the subsystems and constructional features it is possible to manage a designing process in the more effective way. In the paper is presented the formalized method of designing that utilizes mentioned integrative approach. The formalization allows conducting a designing process according the uniform set of rules. The proposed approach was applied for designing specific hydraulic systems. In the paper is presented its application for designing the new system of canopy movement for a mining mechanized support. The purpose of conducted project was to eliminate the unwanted movements of a canopy in the horizontal direction. Using the integrative approach it was possible to design the straight-line mechanism. It led to move a canopy only in the vertical direction. From the system point of view in this mechanism were eliminated the rotational kinematic pairs. Instead them it was used a sliding pair in a form of a square guides. The applied solution allows simplifying the construction of a support and also decreasing its weight. And this, in turns, leads to an increase of durability. From the perspective of the whole life-cycle of a mining support, as a specific technical mean, it results in significantly lower total costs.

Recent literature shows that most safety-related standards are not yet finalized as long as they seem far from assessing a sought level of safety. In addition, the shortened and hasty assessment of the industrial safety depends solely on what directly endangers mankind security and its economic assets. Moreover, well-known quality standards have not yet established a well-defined code to formulate the safety and liability area of the product quality. Owing to the safety-related weak points mentioned above, the present paper puts forth a unified and applicable mathematical model. Moreover, this paper confirms that humanity's engineering willingness of a prospective industrial product (vehicle) along with its manufacturing plants has not to overlook crucial safety instructions for a multi-entity Environmental Closed System (ECS). The suggested environment-related approach is here checked using three commonly applied methods, namely, SPC, FMEA, and Markov Chains of industrial safety estimation for products /plants. Main findings of the present paper conclude that industrial (product/ plant) safety, in its broadened sense, does embrace the gain/loss statistical data of a product's introductory versions and represents a trade–off function of its profits (resource renovation) and its losses (resources drain). In addition, the comprehensive resource-loss trend helps product designers and concerned researchers meet a wide range of customer requirements and more operational regulations.

The aim of this paper is to presents an interdisciplinary approach to the problem of manufacturing process support using Artificial Intelligence (AI) by introducing a cross physical-information control system concept. The scope of the article covers description of logical architecture concept, data exchange process and autonomous steering mechanism using artificial intelligent method. The article indicates that in order to successfully support manufacturing process using Artificial Intelligence proper logical support system architecture need to be applied. It is important to emphasize that the use of AI method is not enough to cover multidimensional production issues of gathering and processing data. Therefore whole system need to be organized in this way to support AI with data to be processed. Thanks to that, it is possible to meet many different goals and achieve significant results in the field of manufacturing process. Because of that in this paper the main focus is put on system logical architecture with descriptions of each element involved. Moreover, the article describes AI controller mechanism applied running on real time raw data collected from machines and products. Findings presented within paper could be use in real case scenarios as a design pattern to develop, deploy or optimize production management systems in small-medium enterprises based on low cost solutions of Internet of Things (IoT) providing data to be analyzed with use of cloud computing technology running AI algorithms.

Switched mode DC-DC converters are electronic circuits which convert a voltage from one level to a higher or lower level voltage. This paper presents a new solution approach to controller and observer controller of DC-DC Buck converter. The designs in this paper of DC-DC Buck converter is input voltage 20V step down to 12V output voltage. For control the system simulation investigation into development of controller and observer controller using MATLAB Simulink® software. The simulation develops of the controller and observer controller with mathematical model of DC-DC Buck converter. This paper also providing LQR controller to compare the performance of the system. Finally, the performance output voltage of DC-DC Buck converter is analyzed in terms of time response, overshoot and steady state error.

Automatic programming and process diagnosis are the essential function to drive the Numerical Control (NC) machine tool with probes to measure the products and evaluate the quality of process in every inspection procedure based on on-machine measurement (OMM), especially in the complex parts measuring, which can avoid the products unqualified and promote the efficiency of manufacture and inspection. In this paper, the method of automatic programming, the data exchange of measurement and the principle of process diagnosis are discussed. With a practical case based on FANUC, the effectiveness and efficiency of the method raised in this paper is validated.

The 3D printing method for the human tooth is a possible and good solution in the manufacture. However, the shrinkage is the most challenging problem to manufacture the tooth. In this paper, CAE analysis and experimental design are applied to predict the shrinkage of different dentures shape. Then the CAD model of the dentures can be reverse amplified before the sintering process. The product will be close to the patients’ requirements with precise dentures shape. It also avoids the complicated procedure of CNC machining and reduces dentists finishing time. The dental bridge is the main research objective investigated in this paper to verify the CAE simulation developed by the authors.

This paper presents the concept of computer system’s module supporting production scheduling. Presented are algorithms, which realise the function and their operation is described. Based on those discussions was developed a prototype IT solution, which realises presented in this paper functions.

This paper describes the development of an embedded SNTP clock which applies NTP Protocol to embedded clock to realize the high accuracy and precision SNTP client clock. It consists of three parts which are the communication part to communicate between NTP Server and SNTP client clock, the data processing part to process data packet, and maintain accuracy, precision of time, and the result displaying part to show time together with the reliability status of the clock. This article explains the concept of applying and analyzing NTP packet, process of maintaining accuracy and precision of time and displaying the result, and hardware, software designs. This paper will provide the introduction of NTP, the development of NTP on the embedded clock, the simulation, and results of the experiment.

This paper presents an overview of the state of art of mobile robots presenting aspects of their current level of sophistication, fields mobile robots are being presently used, the future application and scope of mobile robots. Classifying the primary research topics of multi-robot systems into seven major categories (Biological inspirations, architecture, localization/mapping/exploration, object transport and manipulation, motion co-ordination, reconfigurable and learning robot systems, vision), we discuss the current state of research in these areas. An attempt to cover the points for which a general agreement has emerged within the scientific domain, are then presented, followed by a discussion of alternative approaches and currently unsolved problems. This paper also reviews the most relevant literature and previous research activity regarding mobile robotics. We conclude by identifying more topics of scientific consensus, open research issues and a discussion of some application areas where mobile robots could be used with existing technology.

The load flow or power flow computer program is the basic tool for investigating the steady-state conditions of power system. This paper introduces improved algorithms based on the basic Second-order Load Flow method for a wide range of electrical bus system sizes. It is attractive for accurate or approximate off- and on-line calculations for routine and contingency purposes. Tests of 4 different variations based on the basic Second-order Load Flow method are run on 6 different standard bus systems and the results are discussed in this paper.

To provide fast digital communications systems, energy efficient, high-performance, low power is critical for decoding mobile receiver device. This paper proposes a low power optimization techniques in the Add Compare Select (ACS) unit for Space Time trellis codes (STTC) Viterbi decoder. STTC Viterbi decoder is used as a reference case. This paper discusses about how to lower the power in the ACS architecture, to optimize the Viterbi decoder STTC in reducing the total power consumption. Based on the results of design and analysis, power consumption Viterbi decoder modeling, low power system for STTC Viterbi decoder is proposed. Design and optimization of ACS unit in STTC Viterbi decoding is done using Verilog HDL language. Power analysis tools in the software Altera Quartus 2 is used for the synthesis of total system power consumption. Optimization strategy showed an increase of 83% power reduction compared to previous studies.

In this paper, a solution for the automatic control of a chemical exchange process carbon dioxide (CO2) – carbamate for the 13C isotope enrichment, is presented. The main original achievement from the paper is the inclusion of the previously mentioned non-linear technological process in a control structure. The design of the automatic control structure of the 13C isotope concentration is based on the Internal Model Control (IMC) strategy. The implementation details of all the elements from the structure of the proposed control system, in MATLAB/SIMULINK, are presented. Also, some relevant simulations of the automatic control structure are presented.

The paper deals with the designing and analysing of concrete structures. A particular attention is paid to a multi-segment slab made from reinforced concrete. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate, in a non-linear analysis, impacts of input parameters of the concrete on the real load-carrying capacity of the ceiling which has been designed originally in DeMKP. FEM software applications have been used in the analysis. This is an in-house application DeMKP for designing the systems in line with standardised procedures. Another software is ATENA Science which can be used for non-linear analyses.

Robots are playing a vital role in now a day in the field of manufacturing and component inspection. In general the hazardous environments as nuclear waste disposal, robots are really a high demand machine as an implementation of automation concepts that helpful to rectify the human errors and give more safety. In a view to meet such needs, this paper features the optimized new design of mechanical configuration of the robot suitable for inspection of outer surface welds present in the steel storage canister at nuclear industry with the help of NDT equipment. The effective utilization of universal joints and screw jack mechanisms at the base gives the higher order of degree of freedom when compare with currently available robots. The selection of the mechanical components and its comparison with the existing method is explained in brief. This paper describes the successive design calculations of major elements of manipulator. Generally, the purpose of this paper is to describe the importance of computer aided modelling of a robot mechanism and also state the advantage of development of software coding for difficult manual design. The MATLAB program was utilized to perform the automatic design calculation of manipulator Parts which gives the added advantage for this research effort.

This paper proposes a storage-independent model for SPARQL-to-SQL translation algorithm based on relational view. During the development of Web ontology researches, the study for translation from SPARQL to SQL still remain issue. Previous researches focus on efficient and complete translation from SPARQL queries into equivalent SQL queries. However, these translation algorithms depend on specific structure of storages. When we modify the structure of storage, the translation algorithm also should be modified suitable changed structure of storage. This motivates us to study the issue of a model for independent use upon storage structures of an algorithm, which can then be guaranteed independency between translation algorithms and storages by generating relational view, and it improves application and usability of a translation algorithm. In addition, this paper show experiment result about accuracy and no data loss rate of query results on several storages.

This paper proposed a spelling error detection and correction using the linguistic features and knowledge resource. The linguistic features mainly come from language model that describes the probability of a sentence. In practice, the formal document with typos is defective and fall short of the specifications, since typos and error hidden in printed document are frequent, rework will cause the waste of paper and ink. This paper proposed an approach that addresses the spelling errors and before printing. In this method, the linguistic features are used in this research to compare and increase a new feature additionally that is a function of Internet search based on knowledge bases. Combining these research manners, this paper expect to achieve the goals of confirming, improving the detection rate of typos, and reducing the waste of resources. Experimental results shows, the proposed method is practicable and efficient for users to detect the typos in the printed documents.

Various studies on the quality characteristics of products manufactured in different industrial conditions have been accomplished. The quality characteristics of welded metallic structures depend of the material and geometrical characteristics of the components, welded gap, welding speed, scheme and time of components fixing, etc. The paper presents main elements of an industrial research on the dimensional characteristics of a certain welded metallic structure. The research method used in this paper is the systematic analyse in industrial conditions, including welding robotised cell and 3D advanced measurement system.

In this paper, the robust control problem of output dynamic observer-based control for a class of uncertain neutral systems with discrete and distributed time delays is considered. Linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization approach is used to design the new output dynamic observer-based controls. Three classes of observer-based controls are proposed and the maximal perturbed bound is given. Based on the results of this paper, the constraint of matrix equality is not necessary for designing the observer-based controls.

An intrusion is a series of relevant actions that occur to a victim in some sequence through the Internet. In this paper, a serial episode mining is first applied to find all possible sophisticated Internet attacks, and then an episode pruning skill is applied to cut unnecessary ones to reduce administrator’s further effort. Input data, log files from a honeypot system, is regarded as a sequence of events, where each event has an associated time of occurrence. The method proposed in this paper can be used to detect abnormal Internet episodes including unknown attacks. Some experiments had been conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.