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The current era is witnessing advanced and amazing technological leaps, as a modern advanced technology called nanotechnology appears, which is one of the most important technological achievements that affected all areas of life, especially architecture, which directed the research to its goal of putting forward a special theoretical framework for nanotechnology indicators that support the achievement of sustainability and which directed the vision of The research is to make nanomaterials take a leading position to achieve aspects of sustainability, and the most important interest is to employ these achievements to achieve sustainability indicators in architecture, despite the fact that traditional materials, since ancient times, have proven their sustainability efficiency as a natural resource, but with the developments of the times and environmental and climatic changes, among others, they have confirmed their limitations in achieving contemporary sustainability. This is what specialists in the field of advanced technology, including our current research, are directed to shed light on. Accordingly, the problem was determined by "the lack of clarity on the role of nanomaterials in the sustainability of contemporary architecture." In order to achieve the research goal, the research adopted a methodology represented by the following steps: first clarifying the concepts of nanotechnology and sustainability, Second, by analyzing each of the properties of sustainable nanomaterials, third: a review of some previous studies that dealt with how to achieve sustainability in contemporary architecture in light of nanotechnology, specifically nanomaterials and techniques for working with them; fourth: building the theoretical framework for research, which includes vocabulary on how to achieve architectural indicators; Contemporary sustainable development in light of the capabilities of advanced nanomaterials leads to the last step in the methodology represented by applying the theoretical framework for research on four projects, two of which are recipients of the Gold Award for Sustainability. In the light of the application, the research clarified its results and conclusions, which were represented by the fact that nanomaterials in architecture provided solutions to some of the problems that architecture suffers from and which stand as an obstacle to actually achieving sustainability, such as reducing pollution and emission of gases or reducing heat gain, which contributes to rationalizing energy consumption and reducing costs, among others, thanks to techniques integrating them with The traditional materials represented by coating roofs with nanomaterials, coatings, sensors, and nanorobots, which have proven to increase the performance efficiency of contemporary buildings, have been awarded the LEED Sustainability awards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As cities grow in population numbers, they tend to generate more garbage. Effective waste management practices are essential for a healthy and clean environment. This paper presents a unique way of tackling Garbage Classification using customized VGG16 Convolutional Neural Networks. The model suggested was 92.96% accurate at predicting the correct outcome for each example in the test set of 8,363 images in each category consisting of various types of garbage. Using this model, a system is proposed where the image of the garbage is captured and classified accurately as "Biodegradable" or "Non-Biodegradable", aiding the user in the precise use of the proper garbage bin for disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the exponential populace boom and growing demand, farmers want water to irrigate the land to fulfil this demand. With the exponential growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the market, smart irrigationsystems are creating a new trend. Agriculture plays a major role in the economic sector of the nation. Agricultureautomation using IoT has been a rapidly growing research field in recent years. The automation in agriculture field is the main concern and necessary for the emerging subject across the world. The population is increasing therebyincreasing the demand for food and employment is also increasing. The system is designed to optimize water usage in agriculture and to help farmers in managing their crops efficiently. The system is designed to optimize crop growth and yield while minimizing water usage and reducing the need for manual intervention. The proposedsystem is designed to be low-cost, scalable, and easy to install and use. The study's outcomes demonstrate that thesuggested system has the capability to significantly decrease water usage in agriculture, all the while preserving or even enhancing crop yield. Implementing IoT automation technology in agriculture holds the potential to transform our crop management practices and support us in attaining sustainable agriculture. This approach relieson the utilization of machine learning algorithms for intelligent agriculture. The use of an And roid app for controlling irrigation systems provides farmers with a more efficient and convenient way to manage their crops. This aims to provide farmers with automatic irrigation, crop monitoring and weather forecasting capabilities. This paper presents a proposed automated system that effectively manages humidity, temperature, and irrigation in agriculture. It offers a thorough overview of the system's design, implementation, and evaluation in the context of agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main ideal of this document is to Analyze and Design of a Multi storey structure applying a Software usually known as STAAD Pro and its cost prediction using a AI technique called Machine Learning. In this we are designing a multi storey building of G+12 which involves load calculations, sesmic load conditions and analysing of building by STAAD pro and also analyzing the building erect for chancing the bending moments, shear forces, deflections and also underpinning details for the structural members of structure(similar as shafts, columns & crossbeams) for developing the provident and sustainable design. For this design process we used Indian standard code books of IS 456-2000, IS 875 (Part 1,2,3,5). AUTOCAD software is used for development of plans and the plan is imported to staad pro and designed. The total height of the building is 39m and the area of the building is around 8000sq.ft consisting of 12 floors. This paper also introduces machine learning (ML) technology to optimize design costs. In our project we used linear regression algorithm. Linear regression relationships are modelled using a linear prediction function that estimates unknown model parameters from data. Data is given in form of datasets that comprises of attributes such as essential building materials and their cost according to the area, so that the future cost is predicted accordingly. The result obtained in trained model and the manual estimation is accurate. In this project we are calculating and comparing the cost of high rise, mid rise and dwarf buildings through machine learning as well as through manual estimation of the building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The healthcare sector faces many challenges, such as rising expenses, rising patient demands, and a lack of qualified healthcare workers. To tackle these difficulties and enhance patient outcomes, healthcare systems are progressively using advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), Fog computing, and Cloud computing. This study investigates these technologies' potential and integration to significantly transform the healthcare system, enhance patient care, and optimize operational efficiency. Furthermore, this paper examines the possible synergies that can be achieved via the harmonious integration of different technologies, leading to a more efficient and effective healthcare system. Moreover, this study delves into sustainable healthcare, emphasizing the imperative of striking a harmonious equilibrium between providing superior care, upholding environmental stewardship, and enduring sustainability. Implementing sustainable healthcare strategies, in conjunction with incorporating artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Fog computing, and Cloud computing, has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare sector. This transformation is expected to result in improved healthcare quality, reduced costs, and innovative approaches to promoting health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is the backbone of India which is diversified. Mushroom cultivation is one such farming method that not only gives promising profit to the cultivators but also provides nutritional mushrooms to the consumers. Nowadays, as the demand for the mushroom cultivation is increasing day by day, advanced technologies pave way for the farmers to improve quantity and quality along with its nutritional value of mushrooms. In this paper, pilot study has been conducted in order to extract knowledge-based inference by remotely monitoring the environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity using DHT11 sensor, CO2 using MG811 sensor, rat movement using PIR sensor and light intensity using LDR sensors are monitored through ThingSpeak cloud server to govern the appropriate actuators such as Sprinkler, LED, Humidifier, Exhaust Fan and Buzzer at the given threshold values, along with this Biological Efficiency%(BE%) has been conducted in both manually controlled mushroom and also in IoT enabled mushroom in two types of species i.e., P. florida and P.eous APK1. From the pilot study the results proves that the monitoring and automation of parameters plays a predominate role in producing the nutritious mushroom with increased Biological Efficiency % (BE%) in P.florida as 99.51% in IoT enabled cultivation whereas in manual controlled hut it is 90.99%. The proposed DCE highlights the importance of machine learning algorithm and its collaborative aspects of supervising and governing the environmental conditions in each stage of growth with appropriate actuators and Biological Efficiency %(BE%) which will play a major role in producing the most nutritious mushroom. Therefore, the proposed DCE framework will be greatly helpful for reaping highly nutrient mushrooms and it will help to increase social economic growth of self-help women and agriculturist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alignment of geometric features of highways is essential for maintaining road safety and the smooth operation of traffic. The proper selection of highway geometric feature and dimensions are important for achieving the design objective, like cross-sectional element, curve, and alignment superelevation. Different software tools are available for designing and analyzing highway elements. The comprehensive case study focuses on the use of OpenRoad software for modernization and improvement of the existing condition of East-West (Mahindra) Highway-NH01 of 10.186 Km, which is the part of South Asia Sub-regional Economic Cooperation Highway Enhancement Project (SASEC) from Kakarbhitta to Laukahi in Nepal. The designing is done with the consideration of traffic future forecasted data. The ASTHO design standard 2018, is followed for performing the design covering all the measures of safety. A four-lane road of 2*7.3m width of Carriageway where design speed is kept at 80kmph, shoulder width 1.2m, and 8% maximum superelevation is considered. This problem of traffic congestion due to the rise in traffic volume could be solved ultimately enhancing the safety of the road. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the use of OpenRoad software for highway design and highlights its potential to improve the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of roadway infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Balconies are regularly altered in all sorts of structures to accommodate changing architectural tastes, user needs, maintenance expectations, accessibility, and security concerns. In 2016, the National Institute of Applied Sciences (INSA Strasbourg) in France pierced through the façade of a midcentury structure to make it the home of their latest project, a parasite INSA balcony. The aptly called intervention, which resembles sprouting growth, is part of a larger urban revitalization goal to challenge the traditional architecture. Their parasite growth model promotes eco-sustainable and low-cost building with minimum waste. The INSA balconies have a number of consequences on a building's sustainable consumption, primarily in terms of thermal comfort and energy consumption. The rebuilt facade provides a layer to the building's exterior while simultaneously becoming a part of the interior, blurring the boundaries of the enclosed space. This article discusses the potential of this intervention on existing patrimony for the construction of spaces through volumetric augmentation (known as "parasitic architecture") and how this project contributed to the eco-efficiency and CO2 emissions reduction of the 1955 INSA bloc "C" while preserving its architectural elements and heritage interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to World Health Organization (WHO), 60% of related factors to individual health and quality of life are correlated to lifestyle. Millions of people follow an unhealthy lifestyle which include bad food habits, physical inactivity, wrong body posture, and disturbed biological clock which directly contributes to lifestyle diseases. History has shown that environmental design can play a vital role in improving public health. Today, architects, urban designers, and planners can collaborate to address one of the most urgent and widespread epidemics of our time which are obesity and its related diseases. Hence, just as design professionals are increasingly embracing green building as an objective for environmental sustainability, they should thoroughly consider the potential effects of their designs on public health and well-being. Active Design is one of the approach that must been taken by the architecture field. It is an idea to design cities and buildings for Eco-sustenance that in turn can encourage people to get more exercise. This is not about encouraging us to go to the gym and working out more, but instead, it's about giving citizens more of a workout through how we interact with our environment on a daily basis. There are a few countries that have been publishing their own Active Design Guidelines in promoting the use of this approach on the building design. However, the active design guidelines are not yet publish in Asia, but the active design approach has been implemented and adapted in the building design whether in a direct or indirect manner. The purpose of this study is to examine, evaluate and review the building layout design in Malaysian Architecture in relation with the active design sustainable approach based on the literature and guidelines which can influence physical activities and health among Malaysian. Three selected building from Malaysia have been selected and analyzed through qualitative and quantitative method. The finding of the research would provide deeper understanding of the necessary parameters and factors that are needed to be considered in implementing the active sustainable design approach in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of green building helps reduce the effects of global warming, and the availability of long-term natural resources and increases the service life of buildings as well as the use of Greenship as a rating system for its achievement. The effects of the Covid-19 pandemic and the increasing role of digital have made people no longer work in offices but have moved to cafes so that more and more cafes have switched or added functions to become cafes and co-working spaces, resulting in the need for adjustments to the construction and interior of buildings as well as additional services. To attract more visitors, a unique concept of transformation of local culture is needed. Local culture is born from local wisdom and in harmony with nature. This touch of local wisdom values can enhance the image. Local cultural potential in the form of Sasak bale architecture can be represented in the construction and interior of cafes and co-working spaces and utilizes local materials. This is in line with the initial goal of implementing green buildings in cafes and co-working spaces that are modern and minimalist but have local wisdom values. This design is a way of preserving local culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 4th International Conference on Green Civil and Environmental Engineering (GCEE 2023) was held in Bali, Indonesia from August 8-10, 2023. The conference, organized by the Department of Civil Engineering and Planning at Universitas Negeri Malang, focused on the theme of "Marine Infrastructure on the Move, Materials, Methods, and Technology." The conference covered various topics including innovative structural design, sustainable construction materials, water and wastewater treatment, waste management, and more. The conference proceedings are available for further exploration. [Extracted from the article]

According to Indonesia's National Guidelines on Green Buildings (Kemen PUPR No,21,2021) called Penilaian Kinerja Bangunan Gedung Hijau (BGH), green buildings are mandatory for new and existing buildings. As environmental concerns grow, the Government uses these ratings to control energy consumption. A government initiative aims to increase demand for environmentally friendly buildings. This paper evaluates BGH's green building rating system for project certification in two Indonesian cities, Jakarta and Padang Paser Utara. Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia, the largest and one of the most populous urban city in Indonesia. Moreover, the new Indonesia capital city, Nusantara, will be built in Penajam Paser Utara, East Kalimantan. Using the results of this research, recommendations and suggestions can be given related to the design of green buildings both in Jakarta and Penajam Paser Utara. Evaluations will be conducted on simple residential buildings. The results of these studies indicate that designers and architects may have difficulty incorporating this rating systems into their designs. An evaluation of BGH ratings and sustainability analysis can be performed with building information modeling and a conceptual framework is presented toward the end of this paper. A rating system's success depends heavily on discussion among all stakeholders, including architects, engineers, environmentalists, governments, and communities. Indonesian experts in the building sector should take part in and contribute to this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to know the extent to which Baghdad Soft Drinks Company practices the tools of green processing chain management in measuring sustainable performance in the work environment and the competition market for this economic unit, specifically the research was aimed at the industrial sector, the research was based on a sample consisting of Baghdad Soft Drinks Company, a joint stock industrial company listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange for the period between (2018-2019) selected by random sample method.The research problem focused on the extent to which the participating companies are able to adopt supportive mechanisms according to green supply chain techniques in order to support and enhance the sustainable performance of these companies by exercising their role related to green supply chain technologies such as purchasing raw materials for manufacturing and production, which must be environmentally friendly, or with little damage. Relative to the environment through its use or reuse by the company. The research used the sustainable performance chain as a dependent variable while the independent variable was the green processing chain, and the results of the research showed that the role of achieving the green processing chain is one of the contemporary, modern and important topics for economic units as it seeks to preserve the environment, especially after increasing global attention to environmental and social issues related to green sustainability and economic units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological development in different areas of life corresponds to the diversity of needs that expand little by little to keep pace with this development, and since architecture is one of the sciences that influence and affect people's lives and their civilization, the designer usually seeks to keep pace with this development to meet the needs in the first place and explore more solutions in various aspects starting with how it is done. Accessing it to a high-quality architecture product, today architecture is witnessing a remarkable development in the tools used in the design process, which the designer must invest in a distinctive way to meet the challenges and meet the needs with the least cost, the least possible effort and the least time-consuming. Hence, the research dealt with the concept of quality in general and the quality of architectural production in particular, with the aim of identifying the most important dimensions, standards and components of quality in contemporary architecture and the means of achieving quality, as the previous knowledge varied in discussing this aspect, some of which focused on quality standards and components, and some dealt with the dimensions of quality in production Hence, the research problem arises represented by the cognitive need to determine the dimensions, components and means of achieving the quality of contemporary architectural production that achieve sustainable development, and defines the goal by exploring the concept of quality in contemporary architectural production and what are its most important dimensions, components and means of achieving it, with the aim of obtaining high-quality buildings that achieve Sustainable development in contemporary architectural production. In light of this, the descriptive and quantitative approach consisting of three phases was adopted. The first phase is to build a comprehensive theoretical framework on the dimensions and components of the quality of contemporary architectural production, where three main vocabularies were developed, which are the dimensions of quality, the components of quality, and the means of achieving quality. The second stage: defining applied procedures, formulating hypotheses and identifying the selected samples. Samples were taken from the Arab and international production as a case study and the ordinal scale was adopted. The third stage was discussing the results and reaching the final conclusions of the research. Thus, the research has contributed to adding knowledge in the field of sustainable development. In architecture, it led us to recommendations, future prospects, and the possibility of other research that can be delved into in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a shift in the conception of architecture beginning in the 1990s. In the second half of the 20th century, as a result of the emergence of numerous new factors and elements, the concept of the structure and its relationship to its microstructure changed, resulting in the emergence of the microstructure as a new concept, as contemporary architectural production seeks to achieve sustainability in four dimensions. Difficult-to-implement microstructures have led to the emergence of sustainable architecture with unfamiliar dimensions and forms as a result of the digital revolution, the application of advanced technology, and the development of intelligent systems. As a result of the complex relationship between structure and form, structural products have emerged, some of which emphasize formal aspects, i.e, the microstructure is the architectural form, while others focus on the microstructure in a portion of the building where the formal aspects are not as important. Prior knowledge on this topic varied, with some focusing on strategies for microstructures and others on the sustainable aspects of contemporary architectural production. Consequently, the research problem is represented by the cognitive need to identify strategies for microstructures that achieve the dimensions of sustainability in contemporary architectural production, and the objective is to investigate what microstructures are, their most important strategies, and the role of those strategies in the sustainability of contemporary architectural production, with the fundamental research hypothesis centered on achieving environmental, social, and economic sustainability In addition to the cultural and aesthetic. In light of this, a three-stage descriptive methodology was employed. First phase: Structural surface strategy, parametric pattern strategy, Sustainability dimensions in contemporary architecture Second phase: defining applied procedures, developing hypotheses, and identifying the chosen Samples the ordinal scale was utilized as a case study. In the final phase of the investigation, the results were analyzed and definitive conclusions were drawn. As a result, the study has contributed to the advancement of knowledge in the field of sustainable construction design. In the field of architecture, it led to recommendations, future prospects, and the possibility of future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the spatial mechanism of architecture without order that can embrace sustainability in architecture. Throughout history, the architectural design process has never been separated from applying for rigid order as an ideal paradigm. However, the application of rigid order tends to look apart from the existing conditions and ignore the chronological time aspect. Therefore, no rigid order mechanism can confront the possibility of existing context conditions that naturally appear to reinvent sustainability's design in architecture. The study utilized a contingency and indeterminacy approach with its potential to redefine the application of rigid order in architectural design. The discussion circulates the idea that contingency is emphasized in three things, i.e., subjects that keep changing, changes of subject, and chronological lines of time. These three aspects are further utilized to analyze precedents that used a contingency approach through their design process. This paper proposes a gradation zone as a potential mechanism for developed architectural design in no rigid order. Gradation zone includes a form of dynamic implementation of simultaneous events, immersive experience and ambiance, and different space quality with the nature of constantly changing according to the possibilities. Further discussion using this gradation zone within the design process can reinvent sustainability forms such as boundary, spatial organization, and the path that can exist without rigid order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of choices made in the early phases of building design have a significant impact on how well the building functions later in the process. Therefore, it is crucial that designers are aware of how these choices will affect the final product. In order to meet performance objectives with regard to energy consumption and interior environment at the early stages of building design, a technique for making informed judgements is presented in this study. The technique is implemented in a programme that uses a straightforward simulation programme to estimate performance for changes in user-defined parameter values. The result is presented in this article in a way that empowers designers to choose wisely. To achieve the desired energy performance and indoor atmosphere, the technique and programme decrease the requirement for design iterations, saving time and money on construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of green construction in Indian cities is a significant worry, thus this study is the result of a proleptical interest to explore and comprehend the limitations in growth of green architecture. Green demand and investment in the construction sector are meant to leave a beneficial environmental impact. Nevertheless, these environmental potentials have not been fully tapped into and investigated in the Indian context, reportedly due to a lack of knowledge of the driving factors and advantages resulting from demand for and investment in green buildings. Researchers have not properly looked into the financial implications of architects' and planners' roles in the construction of green buildings. In light of this context, this paper addresses the issues included whether the gap could be experimentally proven, and if so, how it may be explained and how architects and planners might close it. This research aims to give a solid factual foundation concerning the cost of investments in residential buildings' energy efficiency, with a focus on the economic evaluation of the architectural and planning solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this work is to emerge with good surface roughness by comparing two different types of tools on the reinforcement composite (Light Weight Material AA8030+ TiB2+B4C). Materials and methods: The novel lightweight composite material AA8030+ TiB2+B4C harmonized by stir casting process. The casted composite was preprocessed for removing surface abnormalities and did work pieces for CNC machining. Required sample size calculated was 16 per group and therefore the same was executed. The speed, feed and depth of cut at four levels in 16 different combinations for green manufacturing (dry machining). The performance of HSS and TiCN coated WC tools compared by surface roughness on machined surfaces. Surface roughness of samples, group wise statistically evaluated with SPSS software. T-test result shows p=0.017<0.05 which reveals that the observations are statistically independent and observed statistical assumption with no violation. The mean of surface roughness for samples prepared with TiCN coated WC tool gives lesser surface roughness than HSS tool. Within the limitations of this study, TiCN coated WC tool gives lesser surface roughness than HSS tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the problem of developing concepts in the field of anti-crisis housing for refugees. Current research identifies emerging approaches to temporary migrant housing facing a political crisis. In the theoretical part of the study, existing methods of sustainable refugee housing construction are examined. The practical part analyses the contemporary and future-oriented high-tech approaches to the design of migrant housing. As a result of the study, two leading directions in the specter of refugee housing design were identified, including contemporary feasible techniques and prognostic concepts. The group of contemporary methods was divided as adaptive-reuse, time-saving, and self-sufficient approaches. Future-oriented approaches include: clustering, off-the-grid and compensatory approaches. The practical results of the research could serve as an inducement to the state of worldwide refugee housing improvement and help develop new theoretical studies in the field of affordable humanitarian architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern construction business, Green Building (GB) has become the flagship of sustainable development. Previous studies reveal it can essentially deal with a wide range of challenges for project development, from minor concerns to devastating disasters. These days, there are a lot of disastrous abrupt tragedies happening all around us, such as floods, which may harm both people and animals. The current developments have been cited as one of the contributing elements to the tragedy. Mostly due to unanticipated actions to guarantee that development is proceeding as planned, integration across process, people, and environment. Thus, GB has been seen as an approach that is able to resolve issue related to a disaster. It can lessen the likelihood that one will occur. Delivering successful green building projects is still a challenging task due to its complexity in design and construction regardless the fact that the number of green building projects around the world is increasing. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify the barriers in managing construction sites for green building projects. This study used quantitative methods with a close-ended questionnaire as the research instrument. By using stratified sampling, 36 respondents were responded to this study. The data collected were summarized using critical analysis and descriptive analysis. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The findings show that the major barriers encountered while managing construction sites for green building projects are cost concerns; collaboration issues; and financial struggle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite various factors which influence one's purchase intention to invest in commercial green buildings, little has been done to determine the motivations to invest in green residential properties. Rigorous and extensive literature review identified three main motivations for green residential properties investment namely, environmental, social, and economic concerns. The data is collected by distribution of questionnaires, through survey methods to the green residential owners or residents in Penang and Selangor, Malaysia. Relative importance index is applied to data from a sample of 171 respondents through a judgemental sampling. Based on the result, the researcher found that environmental concerns were ranked as the main motivation factor that influenced the green homebuyers' decisions. This is followed by social and economic benefits of minimising cost and maximising financial return. This could lead to a greater demand forsustainable development of residential properties in the future. Further analysis could be done not only in other residential schemes, but also on other types of green buildings. This could further facilitate more interest in green and sustainable residential property development and future investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing concepts of housing are currently being re-evaluated, often prompted by unfavourable projections on population ageing, issues related to the sustainability of social systems, or challenges related to respect for human rights, which are a frequent impetus for housing research. When considering the design of housing for different users, we have to take into account different life situations, e.g. changes in family life, changes in housing users, but also ageing users or deteriorating health conditions. Housing must also be prepared for the provision of care services or personal assistance. Adaptable forms of housing that take into account the needs of different users are expected to be of undisputed benefit to all. This paper discloses a method for exploring new adaptive housing concepts to enable necessary changes in buildings for housing without difficult structural modifications. In particular, the research is oriented towards tracking changes in family life and the possible need for social services in the home environment. In order to ensure as much independence as possible for older adults or users with a disability, the emphasis in the design of new housing concepts is on adhering to universal design principles, on integrating artificial intelligence technology solutions, or on tightening security features. The adaptability of buildings for housing is also a suitable approach in terms of sustainable architecture, as it saves resources, construction waste and emissions, thereby reducing the environmental impact of the construction industry. The research is carried out in accordance with the current process of transformation of the social services system in Slovakia and in this context it was necessary to focus the research both on the state of the existing housing stock, whether it is ready to provide care in the home environment, as well as on new models of housing that would be able to take into account the individual needs of service users related to disability, illness or ageing. The basis for research were the results of a number of surveys carried out in social service buildings across Slovakia, such as a survey of the capabilities of social service users, an assessment of the risks and shortcomings of existing social service buildings, and a survey of the desires and wishes of recipients of year-round residential services about their own housing. Namely deinstitutionalisation envisages the return of users of large-scale residential facilities to their home environment or their relocation to new housing, so-called 'small group houses'. The final part of the article summarises the results of the research, which have shown that the diversity of service users requires specific approaches in the design of new housing concepts. The findings are illustrated by means of the authors' own concepts and schematic designs of model adaptive housing projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good architecture speaks for itself. Successful architecture needs no explanation. Can this goal be applied and tested on future schools built in Romania? Having more than 80% of the existing school building stock built until the 1970s, our country urgently needs to drive forward after half a century of stagnation. A strategic vision should be embraced, and long-term programs should begin with the scope of constructing new public buildings to host undergraduate education. Architecture for education should keep the dynamic rhythm of its teaching and learning activities. This research paper analyses the connections between pedagogical processes and architectural design decisions. For structural change to happen, we must first understand the mechanisms perpetuated in traditionalist education, comparing them afterwards to authentic learning, motivated by well-trained teachers on three different competence layers: scientific, psycho-pedagogical, and psycho-social. The Romanian Law of National Education defines the purpose of lifelong learning as the development of the person and the sustainable development of society. Nevertheless, what is important for citizens to know and implement in their day-to-day life? The long-term United Nation's Agenda for 2030 and the European objectives aim to integrate sustainable development into the educational curricula, both for students and teachers, also for all training and certification programs. Together with the forced digitalization of education since March 2020, new perspectives have opened on learning methods that are essential for contemporary schools. Self-centered learning needs flexible spaces and varied furniture, an advanced information technology infrastructure and flexible assessment standards. Network learning requires both study spaces for small groups and spaces for the community. Experiential learning involves mobile laboratories and connections between inside and outside. Collaborative learning requires multiple types of spaces for interactive courses and joint projects. How could a school motivate students and teachers? By what means could the architecture of a sustainable school have the power to educate? Nowadays, every debate about post-pandemic architecture must take into consideration key concepts like resilience and sustainability. These two words incorporate complex meanings and are often overused, becoming buzzwords and not being easy to incorporate by architects or easy to decipher by users. This article explains how sustainable design of educational spaces should be guided by contemporary pedagogical approaches. The school building, the courtyard, the roof, the building site, and the school website, can all offer a range of dynamic methods for teaching architecture, engineering, and environmental sciences. Teachers can act as learning designers, transforming students' experiences into knowledge through guided reflection. Responsive architects can become teachers of sustainability, translating the pedagogical vision into the spatial configuration of the school. A school building will be pragmatically sustainable only if it can encourage learning experiences for multiple intelligences. Successful architecture inspires education to happen by means of its embodied sustainable principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability is one of the most current topics of our time. Issues regarding environmental protection, depletion of natural resources or carbon footprint reduction are on the international political agenda. The need to implement pragmatic solutions is proving to be increasingly imperative. The purpose of the CHEIA research project was to generate a collaborative core of sustainability experts, by strategically exploring the impact of transdisciplinary learning models and the opportunities offered by organising the 2023 edition of the Solar Decathlon Europe competition in Bucharest. The CHEIA project (an acronym for Holistic Competition, Integrated Academic Expertise) was conducted in 2021 at the "Ion Mincu" University of Architecture and Urban Planning (UAUIM), Bucharest, Romania. Although there are various global student competitions regarding our built environment, the uniqueness of Solar Decathlon lies in the transformative potential of the experience gained by participating in a holistic design, build & operate competition on the professional paths of all students and teachers involved. In the last decade, the 5 Romanian teams participating in the Solar Decathlon editions have formed networks of specialists motivated to innovate and generate knowledge. Unfortunately, for financial reasons, the Solar Decathlon Europe 2023 was cancelled in January 2022. However, the one-year efforts of organising this competition in Bucharest left a valuable mark on Romanian architectural education towards sustainability. This article will focus on two specific objectives of the CHEIA project that should be developed in the following years, without being influenced by the cancellation of the 2023 edition of the Solar Decathlon Europe competition. One objective consisted in identifying opportunities for active involvement of architecture students in creative practical activities towards sustainability. The second objective refers to establishing academic directions for implementing a new master's program in sustainable building design at UAUIM. This extensive study started with an analysis of 15 international master's programs dedicated to the design of sustainable buildings. The main conclusion highlighted the need to use innovative teaching and training methods in design, with practical applicability, preparing graduates for the challenges in the practical architectural field. Furthermore, two types of questionnaires were addressed to the two important poles in the teaching process: the faculty and potential students. One survey had the role of verifying the degree of interest of the teaching staff and their training needs in the field of sustainability. This paper will analyse the answers offered by the 48 respondents. The second survey received 128 answers from architects and students in the 5th and 6th years of study in a short interval of 10 days, having a high degree of relevance for our research topic. Given the major impact of the construction sector on the above-mentioned subjects, training professionals is a priority. The long-term goals are experiential learning, transdisciplinary research, practical application of integrated design principles and consolidation of sustainable attitudes and behaviours. In this context, profile universities have a key role in promoting current values by training specialists in the sustainable built environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of completing the original housing estates in Bratislava is also connected with the urbanization of their main nodes. The urban structure in the Bratislava residential district of Ružinov lacks high-quality urban structuring, the vitality of its main Ružinov axis and the hierarchy of main and secondary nodes. From the junction of the market on Miletičova Street out of the city, there is no legible street line of pedestrians with a ground floor, there are traffic lines with sidewalks, there is no ground floor, there are no more significant squares. The chaotic pole of the current main market town of the city "Miletička Market" is popularly popular, but at the same time it is an unattractive gateway from the east end to the city center. It is a locality with a natural character and manifestations of the periphery. There is a lack of interconnection and functional vitality of pedestrian movement. The transformation of this area on the Ružinov city axis means the strengthening of urban, compositional and ecological principles. The aim of the research was to verify the transformation of an important city hub - Miletičova marketplace on the route Záhradnícka street - Ružinovská. The case studies focused on variant modeling of this locality and the formation of a multifunctional public space. The preservation of the genius loci at the Miletičova market is decided by the footprint of the former slaughterhouse and the footprint of the chimney. The vision of the marketplace as an architecturally completed, ecological entry point into the city was alternatively solved with the parameters of accessibility by a new tram line, with the addition of bicycle transport, pedestrian permeability and complex road transport with static and logistic transport. The blue-green infrastructure of the courtyard was involved in the system of green roofs of the marketplace and additional playgrounds in the field and on the roofs of buildings. The multifunctional character of the area was verified for indoor and open forms of the market, as well as facilities for gastronomy, boutiques, farming, cultural events, as well as opportunities for the presentation of year-round and seasonal events. In this way, the new market structure transforms the node into a place of meeting, trade, rest and relaxation. It creates from the peripheral market the area of a new marketplace, a green oasis, a social, urban, ecological entrance node to the city centre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of software can be determined through software process quality assessment and certification. It involves with numerous evaluation criteria and software development practices. More importantly, these evaluation criteria and practices are not fixed and needs further improvement from time to time due to the shifts in the environment, business needs and current trends. As a result, there is a need for a mechanism that can systematically organise those evaluation criteria and practices to ensure the sustainability of the assessment and certification process. Furthermore, based on the literature, currently there is a lack in the quality of test cases for Agile software development process. The testing process is critical for demonstrating the quality of a software product, however it is only partially addressed in the existing software process quality assessment and certification models. The Agile testing practices need to be improved in the existing software process quality assessment and certification reference standard so that it can tolerate with changes. Majority of the existing software process quality assessment and certification models have not addressed sustainable software architecture. Consequently, this research is working towards developing a sustainable software architecture for the software process quality assessment and certification. As a beginning, this paper illustrates the conceptual model which will be used as base to develop a sustainable architecture for software process quality assessment and certification. The contributions of this study straddle research perspectives of Software Process Assessment and Certification with the existence of the sustainable software architecture. From a practical perspective, this study will provide software practitioners with a more systematic and effective approach for assessment and certification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decade, the world has faced many challenges, including the effects resulting from human-induced greenhouse gas emissions. In the construction industry, efforts are being made to combat climate change and protect the environment by developing rating systems aimed at designing sustainable buildings. One of these tools is SBToolCZ, the Czech national certification used to assess the sustainability of various building typologies. Still, as buildings are becoming more energy-efficient, which should ensure low carbon emissions, the environmental impacts of building components should be methodically examined. This paper compares two versions of the tool specifically addressed to office buildings – the one developed in 2011 and the recently updated version developed in accordance with the new priorities indicated by the European Green Deal. The comparative analysis investigates what has been changed, focusing on six environmental impacts calculated for the A1-A3, B4 and B6 LCA stages applied to an office building. On this basis, the paper aims to assess two different SBToolCZ versions and understand how the Methodology has been modified considering a case study and six environmental parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of green roofs is increasing every year, not only due to their aesthetic benefits but also thanks to the functional advantages they bring to the building and its surroundings. In the design, mostly extensive and intensive green roofs are usually considered. However, in recent years a wetland roof has also started to be applied in some places. Such a roof could present a better variant of classic green roofs. The wetland roof is a multifunctional construction that retains rainwater, creates a cooling effect thanks to evapotranspiration and can also be used as a root water cleaner. The article summarizes information about the wetland roof – its composition, maintenance, advantages, disadvantages and occurrence in the world. Concurrently, it provides an overview of existing research on the roof marsh and its expanding use in Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development based on economic, social and technological points of view is especially relevant in the construction industry. In different countries there are environmental standards for assessing objects. In Russia, this standard is called Green Zoom. The article considers the issue of applying sustainable architecture technologies that can be used in the construction of campuses. The technologies used in the design of the building and infrastructure are highlighted. As building technologies, the modular layout of the building, the use of green roofing are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unsafe, Unpleasant, and Harmful to the Environment...faced with these challenges, homeowners and contractors are looking for effective ways to turn worn buildings into desirable buildings. In this study we tried to solve the problem of Rehabilitation and Reforms in vehicle parks (VP) lots and tower blocks (TB). It has found a new generation of rainproof substructures to be the most efficient cladding system for building envelope purposes today and a constructive solution that fits perfectly with current sustainable architecture trends; whose installation is simpler than it seems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of nanofluids as an enhanced liquid combination with a low percentage of nanometer-sized solid particles in suspension has only been studied for a few decades. A nanofluid is a fluid with nanometer-sized particles. Nanoparticles are dispersed in a common base fluid such as water, oil, ethylene glycol etc. In this work a study of nanofluids and its fluid flow applications and theoretical physics in a variety of areas, including chemical engineering, biomedical technologies, materials used in sustainable modern architecture studies will be conducted. The characteristics of nanofluids are discussed, as well as their applications in fields such as energy, mechanics, and biomedicine. The characteristic that challenges the utilization of nanofluids in various applications is then explained, and ultimately, nanofluids are proposed for further research. At a very low volume fraction nanofluids enhance the thermal conductivity of suspended particles. Nanofluids are now being utilized efficiently in alternative energy sources to absorb sunlight and raise temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials waste management is one of the important and integral part of construction project management. Such a huge investment requires considerable and much presided planning as well as control, so as to minimize construction wastage which certainly affects the internal performance of any organization. Around the globe construction materials generate million tons of waste yearly. Construction waste is certainly one of the very serious problems in all construction industry. Hence proper and efficient construction waste management of materials from actual construction sites has now become very crucial and mandatory. The paper particularly aims at to identify the currents practices adopted in the construction sector and key problem areas associated with it. A case study has been commissioned to study the real time project practices. In associated case study a proper streamlined and structured questionnaire survey method has been adopted for the problem area identification and to explore current practice. The result shows the various key problem area associated with the management of construction material and its waste along with its consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reality shows that, along with the explosion of urbanization of population growth in Ho Chi Minh City, the growth of industrial production economy has led to the problem of the quality of the urban environment in general and deteriorating residential environment. Besides that, technology No. 4.0 and BIM – Building Information Model – is currently the main effectively responding to the operation of construction building in Vietnam. Therefore, the innovating to improving the quality of architectural planning for creating a good and sustainable living environment in Ho Chi Minh City, according to 4.0 digital era is an essential and urgent issue. The analysis assesses the benefits of innovating architectural planning quality according to BIM technology and the orientation of the conversion content to innovate the quality of architectural planning in accordance with technology 4.0. Benefits of transforming the architectural planning with strategic structure planning according to 4.0 technology is an undeniable fact: Strategic structure planning emphasizes characteristics, nature, characteristics and key decisive relationships, creating motivation to attract resources, promoting urban development. Approaching the Strategic Structural Planning to innovate the quality of architectural planning design, proposes a new urban morphological structure, creating a humane, civilized, modern urban development and towards a sustainable architecture in good urban living environment. In terms of creativity, good architecture design, high quality is essentially in practical operation, accordingly, exploiting and applying indigenous culture and environmental ecology into architectural planning is a key factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of building industry have a vital impact on the environment and occupant's health because it is one of the most significant consumers of energy, which also accounts for a large carbon dioxide emissions that affect climate change. Cost analysis is an easy measure to promote and accept by the building owners who are not the knowledge in the field of environment management for selecting the sustainable building envelope design in a decision-making process. Life-cycle cost (LCC) is becoming a criterion to selecting building envelope design of the sustainable projects in many construction industries. However, the calculation of building LCC is a major difficult because of the complication of data collection as like as the time-consuming of many single and respective calculation. Building information modeling (BIM) is a revolutionary technology which has been widely mandated and adopted by many Governments all over the world to transfer the construction industry from traditional to digital. However, BIM alone cannot carry out the entire building LCC accounting process. The perception of BIM advantages can be overcome the asperities of the LCC calculation. The authors proposes a BIM integrated approach of calculating LCC for the building envelope selecting process. In this paper, the main objective is a BIM-LCC integrated system for reducing data problem and the time-consuming when the implement of LCC analysis in a decision-making process to select the sustainable building envelope design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the architectural concepts that use the use of nature to harmonize buildings with the climate is kinetic architecture. Part of kinetic architecture aims to respond to climate to achieve thermal comfort within the building. Almost similar to bioclimatic architecture, which is an approach to architectural design to climate. Bioclimatic architecture is said to be one of the architects' efforts to help balance nature with artificial elements. The bioclimatic concept is also often associated with the concept of sustainability, even though the sustainable architecture is not just a focus on energy efficiency. If bioclimatic architecture is associated with the concept of sustainability because it responds to climate, then kinetic architecture can be touted as one of the concepts of sustainable architecture. This study aims to identify one case of kinetic architecture that responds to climate to determine the extent to which kinetic architecture thinks about the concept of sustainability. The application of kinetic architectural concepts is basically to design and construct movable building elements, to optimize sustainability in architecture. Sustainable design can improve the quality of life by eliminating the need for non-renewable energy. Design solutions that include sustainable energy to enhance design functionality are a way of completing a design through an understanding of the design's relationship to location, environmental conditions, and buildings. There are interesting things raised in this research, that with technology, kinetic architecture can solve several principles that are in accordance with sustainable architecture without having to tie a design to a location and place. In other words, kinetic architecture can be said to apply the principle of sustainability but not binding to a particular environmental context, but flexible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the researcher analyzes the architecture of cultural heritage temples with a common thread with Chinese culture. The paper's objective was to explore the element of this heritage and historic temple building in the eighteenth century that stands a sustainability architecture for decades, including the interior layout based on Chinese character and the temple's architectural ornament. In order to preserve this temple so that it remains unique, renovations were carried out while adhering to the original architectural form of the Chinese character. This paper was to show the society about the architecture of the temple that had been preserved from time to time according to its original form that supports the character of Chinese culture in Jakarta. This research used observation and literature study to support pictures and data from the temple. Literature related to Chinese architecture had been reviewed to provide sufficient data for discussion about the elements of this Chinese temple. This paper shows that the temple still maintains the character of Chinese architecture form as when it was first founded and considered a form of preservation of the historic building. This study not only will give a good impact on society to recognize this temple but also be known as a sustainable architecture in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy is the other side of the non-living creatures of the universe. Inanimate objects by their nature are unable to change their state without an external influence, and one of this external influence is green architecture, as it contributes to the preservation of vital systems as a result of the adoption of natural and renewable energies in their applications, which reduces Green House Gas GHG emissions and thus pollution. Accordingly, the research problem was represented by the following: (There is a lack of knowledge about green architecture applications in Iraq, principles and its standards to reach an architectural product that supports the quality and continuity of life), The aim of the research was to Invest renewable energies in green architecture applications. The research approach is divided into three axes: the first of which clarifies the materials and methods, and the second focuses on presenting and discussing the results through two main vocabulary: principles of green architecture and standards for green buildings, As the measurement was done through three projects, namely: "Masdar City, California Academy of Sciences and university of technology" , while the third clarifies conclusions that explained: "necessity of adopting an architectural thought concerned with investing in renewable energy as major variables in the formulation of the architectural structure and that respects all ecosystems and the needs of building occupants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy is energy that can be produced from natural resources. Sunlight, wind, air, ocean waves, biomass, and geothermal are some examples of renewable natural resources. Solar power plants are one of the technological breakthroughs in the field of power generation. The application of solar power plants on the roof is one of the government's efforts to implement energy conservation in building architecture. The Government of Brebes Regency wants to participate in the development of renewable energy so that there is a plan for a solar power plant in the planning of the Brebes Expo & Convention Building. This research was conducted to determine the reliability value of the generation system sourced from solar power plants with the fault tree analysis method. Based on the reliability analysis of the solar power plant system with an on-grid system, it is a reliable system with a reliability value of 99.6% within one day of operation with an operation time of 1 day 8.5 hours. The reliability of the solar power plant system in 1 year is based on the failure rate with a time of 3102.5 hours and at a value of 92%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formed in the cultural sphere of modernism, Adaptable Architecture is envisioned in an architectural environment that is able to respond to individual preferences, desires and needs. The aim is to provide immediate services and facilities to fulfill the vision of Sustainable Architecture. Its applications can be proactively enhanced and cater for people's life and needs either through autonomous/adaptive or user-driven control. This conceptual problem related to the architectural design and its construction as well as renovations over the lifecycle of the house. This concept paper examines the analogies of transformations in Adaptable Housing by looking at their intentions in the Open Building System and the application of Industrialized Building System from an Islamic perspective. In a broader sense, this encompasses innovative participatory processes for better residential personalization methods and a carefully worked out design of the support and infill systems with a considerable degree of variations. This will be facilitated for renovation and expansion works that are currently limited to housing. The study assumes that the ability to use the Industrialized Building Systems can be applied to the housing projects in Southeast Asian countries including Brunei Darussalam. It argues that the Adaptable Architecture involves a paradigm of functionalist flexibility in transforming the architecture into systems, programming and laws. In contrast, the alternative type of Adaptable Architecture seems close to Knowledge Management organizational theory for indeterminately flexible spaces. This paper further examines contemporary attempts to incorporate conceptual guidelines towards this end of the application of Islamic perspective. This paper concludes with considerations for a new adaptable housing model that is integrated with current key factors such as building systems as well as architectural programming in addressing predictable, and unpredictable, social and economic trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A limited amount of fossil fuel is not a sustainable solution for growing energy demand. Developing countries like Bangladesh face major challenges in meeting the energy demand of the countries that are being increasing day to day. This work aims to design and optimize a sustainable and cost-effective hybrid energy system for a rural area in Bangladesh. Available meteorological data was collected from the NASA Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (Power) database. The study area (24°26.6'N, 88°20.0'E) had an average wind speed of 4.28 m/s annually and solar irradiation of 4.88 kWh/m2/day annually. Design and optimization of the system were done using HOMER pro software in terms of COE and NPC. Three different configurations were analyzed to compare the COE and NPC. Results showed that the NPC and COE for the proposed system is much lower (0.238$/kWh and $349,681) than the other two configurations, such as, PV/Wind (0.302/kWh and $442,907) and PV/Diesel (0.295$/kWh and $432,699). The main purpose of the proposed design is to supply maximum load demand using renewable energy sources with the least electricity cost. The optimized system can mitigate 88.7% load demand using renewable sources, and this reduces the CO2 emission by 89.17%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study focuses on fractal geometry, that derives its structures, elements and characteristics from nature, which includes static and dynamic characteristics. Fractals as forms and characteristics are able to continuously grow and adapt. In architecture, "adaptation" is defined as their ability to accommodate new variables and renewable spatial and functional requirements over time. This considers one of the characteristics of sustainable architecture, which is similar to the characteristics of sustainable nature itself. Fractional geometry helps designers and architects to achieve sufficient flexibility in buildings to accommodate new variables, spatial and functional requirements, which is called adaptive. The study focuses on three main axes, first axis is to introduce the vocabulary of adaptation, its characteristics and requirements in nature and architecture. The second axis is the concept of adaptation in fractal geometry. Third axis aims to find common relationship between architecture and fractal geometry as a tool to achieve the required adaptation. Study also focuses on fractal application as a tool of adaptability in architecture level (plans, forms) and urban morphologies level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper focuses on the built environment as a means of succeeding in the effort to rehabilitate convicted people, highlighting the psychological repercussions of the correctional framework. The research involves the study of both national and international institutions and it is meant to provide a polyvalent understanding of the complex prison environment and subculture, in order to emphasize change. The paper reveals the fundmental issues of the criminal backgrounds regarding the custody conditions of people sentenced or deprived of liberty. The prevailing disciplinary architecture in the design of the Romanian prison (mainly used as a form of control), the improper conditions assured by the detention facilities, the damage that prison atmosphere causes to individuals, as well as the low number of studies on these topics lead to a (re)thinking of architecture in a sustainable way (both in terms of environmental damage and lifestyle - expectations, needs, priorities), in order to provide an advantageous rehabilitation environment for incarcerated people, bringing benefits not only to individuals but also to society. The study joins international struggle to identify ways of improving punitive human habitat, given the current endeavour made for the preservation of the planetary environment and also considering the current European criminal policies on developing the capacity of prison systems to fulfill their dual mission: to exercise social control over the custody of prisoners and to support them in the process of social reintegration. In order to achieve these targets, the elements of architectural language that shape the built environment are identified. New methods and techniques for approaching the detention environment that positively influence, equally, the life of inmates and the activity of workers are studied. The research aims to identify the most sustainable solutions for the design of detention environments, based on the scientific literature in the field and according to the European legislation, in order to improve the correctional conditions and the quality of inmates' lives, as well as to reduce the recidivism rate among criminals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the World Health Organization (WHO) and psychologists warned architects, some colleagues insist on designing apartment houses with the traditional space organization. Despite the evident environmental problems, natural air conditioning, in other words thermal comfort and human psychology, are not taken into consideration at all. It is far from sustainable architecture to produce more than necessary and low-cost flats on the land used. Such approaches cannot be called "Modern Architecture" or "Contemporary Architecture". One of the most important reasons for this is that if people do not feel a sense of belonging to the house they live in or even the workplace they work in, their psychology deteriorates and this fact has been accepted by the science of psychology. It is natural that people who have psychological problems are likely to have other health problems and also social and societal deteriarotion. WHO is also pointing out this issue. Social and societal life of people is deteriorating, this is the cause of alienation and increase in crime rates. During the Pandemic Process we live in today, people of all ages are not obeying the "stay at home, stay healthy" warnings and other prohibitions imposed by the medical community, this is due to the fact that people do not feel a sense of belonging to the house they live in. The duty of us, modern architects, as psychologists reveal, is to design our projects in order to create more livable environments, and without ignoring the fact that interpersonal relationships are shaped according to the environments they are in, Architects should refer to cognitive sciences, especially psychology to create projects. We should especially pay attention to apartment-type residences where more than one family live in. In this article, two examples, one positive and the other negative, are discussed as field work for a better understanding of Psychological Architecture. The first example is the Pruitt-Igoe site in the city of St. Louis in USA in 1955 without considering human psychology and was demolished only 16 years after its construction and whose destruction was evaluated as "the day the modern architecture died" by the post-modern architectural historian Charles Jencks. The second comparative example is the Samanbahce houses in Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus, made of adobe brick, a traditional building material for families with insufficient financial means. The gross area of these houses is 85 m2, their net area is 64.90 m2, but the closed area is only 42.90 m2, while the open area is 22.00 m2 courtyard. Considering natural air conditioning, thermal comfort and human psychology, Samanbahçe houses, whose first stage construction was completed in 1925 and are still in use, were taken as an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urbanization and globalization significantly influence society, necessitating the use of non-renewable natural resources to create electricity. The electricity demand has risen substantially in recent years, owing to the sophisticated lifestyles of today's rapidly expanding population. This demand can be gradually reduced by harnessing natural resources such as sunlight and wind. In this study, a G+7 educational building is designed using green building construction methods, and its stability is tested under various load combinations. Appropriate shading and ventilation designs are incorporated to minimize the energy consumed; as a result, the designed energy-efficient model is compared to a similar conventional building using an energy simulation tool to determine the quantum of electricity conserved. The investigation found that modifications in shading and ventilation have a more significant proportional influence on controlling artificial energy usage in buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, 3D printing technology considered one of the fastest-growing technologies in the world presently, its advantages make it one of the most promising technologies in the construction sector with many advantages compared to the traditional construction methods. The technology of 3D printing could be very much applied to the construction of contemporary vernacular buildings. This paper focuses on the exploring of the 3D printing construction technology-which using the earth as the main construction material, but more broadly to engage with a vernacular approach through digital technology as a sustainable strategy of building construction. Hence, the methodology is based on a theoretical approach supported mainly by the outcomes of the last researches review and case study analysis. The integration of earthen materials with 3D printing technology will be effective for cost reduction, energy efficiency, climatic adaptive design, less waste, reduce time, high levels of accuracy and the ability to make informed decisions, 3D printing robots advantages make this technology solutions in achieving the goals for a sustainable, environmental and contemporary building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shrinking land in urban areas and the worsening world climate crisis have created a new residential development problem. One way to maximize land designated for residential use is to build vertical housing, such as constructing flats and apartments that can accommodate more residents in a limited area. However, it also creates new problems because the use of energy required for a building will be extensive. The application of Green Architecture is an effort to reduce energy use for buildings and reduce the negative impact of buildings on the environment. one helpful reference is applying green architectural concepts. The apartment Wanakota is designed using the green building concept with the Indonesian Green Building Council (GBCI). Wanaka means City Forest, and trees inspire this name as trees. This tree is not only an aesthetic enhancer but as a CO2 absorber and oxygen supplier in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The architectural of green building design is becoming increasingly important. Recently, due to the coronavirus pandemic, sustainable design strategies are targeted to find architectural solutions for developing new materials to reduce the risk of cross-contamination of (COVID-19). The emergence of the novel coronavirus associated with undesired adhesion on the surfaces. Sustainable architecture for hospital design must integrate design strategies to confront the impact of infectious diseases. The aim of this paper is to optimize a novel material that able to reduce the transmission probability of COVID-19. The composite of high density polyethylene (HDPE) is specifically developed for applying in the building, thus requiring an adequate combination of material properties concerning the spread of Covid- 19, with mechanical and functional performance of the final products. The composite preparation conditions allow the formation of a metal powder distribution in the polymer matrix volume to create an architectural functional material. The process of producing the composite material is by compounding (HDPE) with a copper powder. Several tests were performed such as hardenability, density and tensile. The test results identified the architectural preconditions and considerations of green building based on antiviral material selection conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to engineer an increase in productivity in the Batik Home Industry. a batik home industry, which is administratively one of the villages within the Munggon area/village. Munggon village is included in Sendangtirto Village, Berbah District, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The background of this research is the atmosphere in the work environment that is less comfortable. This is due to the temperature of the work area which is higher than normal so that the air feels hotter. Lack of green open space (RTH) in the work area and roof of the work area made of galvalume so that the temperature in the work environment becomes hotter. Dinda Hayu Batik is a home industry in batik making, which was founded and led by Ms. Riyo Ety. A large number of orders for these batik products makes Dinda Hayu Batik have to do even more challenging work. This of course, must be supported by the performance of the leadership and employees. To create better performance a comfortable working environment should be created. A work area uses a residence so that every part of the house becomes full of work equipment and goods. This condition makes the circulation of fresh air not smooth the air temperature in the work area becomes rather hot. This condition is coupled with the roof of the work area at the front made of galvalume, so this condition makes the workers feel the heat and reduce comfort in working. To increase employee productivity a study is needed to find the cause of the decline in employee productivity. Based on the study, it was found several ways to improve the work productivity of employees, namely by providing counseling to the public, especially leaders and employees of Dinda Hayu Batik, about the importance of environmental management. One legal basis is RI Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Protection dan Management of Life Environmental that working environment conditions must be made comfortable so that they can support the performance of Dinda Hayu Batik employees in order to be able to produce optimally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green building is the spine of the Sustainable Development Goals. It is supported by their rating tools that cover energy efficiency as a part of the indicator. The paper authored to identify design efficiency of green buildings in terms of energy performance. Therefore, the value of Building Energy Index for each building and level of association between Building Energy Index and tier points of green rating for buildings will be identified using correlation value. The first objective is to calculate the Building Energy Index of the commercial green building using the standard formula of MS1525:2019. Secondly is to calculate the correlation between the Building Energy Index and total tier of green rating certification points. All buildings consist of office, retail, industrial and institution buildings were analysed are under the average standard of MS1525:2019. Tier of green rating certification points divided to Platinum, Gold, Silver and Bronze rankings. In contradiction with the total tier points of green rating, it is found that the higher the tier points, the better the Building Energy Index of a green building as the correlation results between Building Energy Index and tier point of green rating indicates the negative correlation relationship for the case study covering different types of building at 0.57. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]