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This research work deals with the study, strategy analysis, of battery charge controller for Islanded Micro Grid topology. Proposed system is verified with MATLAB Simulink and same system can be executed in hardware using the results. The projected scheme of Micro Grid consists of solar PV, Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine, Batteries, Buck-Boost Converter, Inverter for AC loads, Charge Controller for batteries and various types of active and passive loads. All AC types of loads are connected through a Voltage Source Inverter. Micro grid is able to operate either in Islanding or in Grid connected manner. In this proposed strategy, Charge Controller is designed for Islanded mode of operation and utility connections are possible with Static Transfer Switch and an appropriate Transformer. Planned network topology of Micro grid is based on Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) such as Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Fuel Cells, and Diesel Generators etc. Further this scheme is individually separated into design of Buck Converter, suitable Charge Controller and Inverter as per load Requirement. The designed charge controller for Micro grid lab test bed will be undergone the different analysis about Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), transient behavior and other analysis regarding power system such as improvement of Power Factor on load side. By the use of DERs in the Micro grid topology it is very beneficial to the environment as there is enormous use of Renewable Energy Resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes that a charging station for electric vehicles (EV) should be provided with three grid sources and battery energy storage (BES). It operates in both stand-alone and grid-connected circumstances. An AC/DC converter provides the power grid for an EV charging station via DC/DC converters with continuous and consistent energy. BES is utilized for storing additional energy under low-demand conditions. The converter plays a major role through the grid-linked EV system. This article, therefore, proposes to extract the electricity from the PV array from a DC-DC LUO converter. Furthermore, a grey wolf optimizer (GWO) based methodology controls the suggested converter. Since the basic frequency of the voltage source inverter (VSI) is obtained by electronic switching, losses resulting from using the high frequency of switching are removed. However, the profit ratio is compared by THD of the proposed system with the SEPIC converter that uses GWO-PI. Finally, MATLAB/Simulink software simulates and validates the proposed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the design of a buoy that can be used for harvesting shoreline wave energy. The focus of this study is to design and construct an axially magnetized linear generator that is able to charge a rechargeable battery at an appreciable speed by transforming the horizontal motion of surface waves into electrical energy. The charging system is positioned inside a waterproof casing and operated on both controlled and uncontrolled environments for the comparison of its measured parameters such as voltage, current, and power at different wave conditions. The results showed that operating the charging system in an environment with wave height of about 1 foot generates 9.819 V peak value on average and is able to fully charge a 1200 mAh rechargeable battery in a span of 2.13 hrs. The obtained equation of the percentage of battery in uncontrolled environment is %Battery = 32.97e0.00684t and the SSE is equal to 14.8406, which is assured that the design is accurate and fit to the data gathered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic (PV) systems tend to be overcharged because they receive abundant solar energy, especially during the dry season. Therefore, this excess energy can be used for other purposes, such as heating water. PV systems that also generate thermal energy are called photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T). This paper aimed to design a PV system for small-scale households integrated with a water heater. The PV/T system was coupled with a thermal energy storage tank with a volume of 16 liters. The loads on the PV/T system were the water pump, heating elements, and lights. The first step in the design was to calculate the required load. It then performs technical calculations for the PV system components: solar modules, batteries, and charge controllers. The selection of solar modules uses a current-based concept. Total of the actual daily load of the PV/T system is 27.5 Ah/day. The design of the PV/T system produces specifications, namely solar modules with a nominal power of 50 Wp, as many as two, a battery capacity of 70 Ah, and a battery charge controller current of 10 A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microgrid (MG), which combines renewable energy sources, energy storage devices, and loads, has lately gained attention as a sustainable energy alternative for mitigating climate change. MG may operate in grid-connected or islanded modes based on upstream grid circumstances. The energy management and control of the MG are important to increase the power quality of the MG. This study provides a MG system consisting of a 60 kWp Si-mono photovoltaic (PV) system made of 160 modules, and a Li-ion battery energy storage system (BESS). Moreover, each unit was linked to the DC bus throughout the DC/DC converters and DC/AC central inverter. The suggested system control relied on harnessing renewable energy to provide loads effectively and monitor battery charge. Simulation findings using MATLAB Simulink show the performance of the suggested microgrid stability solutions. The PV system was controlled by maximum power point tracking-based fuzzy logic (FL-P&O). In addition, the BESS with its battery management system (BMS) using the PI controller was used to stabilize the bus voltage within reference value at variations of irradiance. The MG was connected to the DC side by a voltage source converter (VSC) which is controlled by the hysteresis current control technique. Finally, the DC bus voltage was kept constant at 700 V to preserve the microgrid's balance under different environmental conditions with a minimum value of THD 3.7% in the injection current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A battery charger is a device applied to provide energy to rechargeable or secondary batteries by forcing current through it. A battery is one of the best choices for devices such as cell phones, digital cameras, and laptops, and the power adapter is described as the charger. In this research, using Raspberry Pi switch mode to securely charge batteries prevents overcharging and it can be controlled and monitored all the time. To achieve this result, the constant current (CC) stage and constant voltage (CV) stage of battery charge management is thoroughly implemented to increase a battery's life and performance. The CC and CV stages are important parameters that reflect battery performance. The management of the CC and CV stages not only prevents over-or under-charge but also improves the battery life and performance score. This paper aims to manage the state of battery charging within a certain limit by using Raspberry Pi. A regional transmission organization provides a signal to the battery. The expected result of the output voltage is in the range of 5 to 12 V, a constant output current of 0.5 A, and the charging time depends on the set current and battery capacity. By using Raspberry Pi, the charging system signal is given by a switch mode, which is sent to the battery by putting bias on a battery's power output considering the state of charge (SoC) status so that the performance score and battery life improve. If charging mode continues after the battery is fully charged, it may shorten battery lifespan and cause a short circuit and explode, causing fire accidents. The novelty of this research is it is expected to be portable; can be brought anywhere if a power supply is unavailable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of new energy vehicles, a reliable and safe battery management system has played a crucial role. The purpose of writing this article is to analyze and study the existing battery management systems, in order to explore a battery management system with excellent comprehensive performance in terms of efficiency, lifespan, and safety. This article will analyze and discuss the three major areas of battery SOC state detection, battery heat dissipation optimization, and battery charging and discharging optimization, and explore the actual performance of each part based on actual conditions. After analyzing and comparing different design schemes, the P2D model will be used for battery SOC state detection. The air-cooled cooling technology will be used for battery heat dissipation optimization, and the constant voltage charging system and constant load discharge system will be used for battery charge and discharge optimization, which will become the current optimal solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are extensive as an alternative energy resource in the public and private sectors. Despite having an electric supply from the conventional fossil fuel generator, PV systems provide more economical solutions. However, the implementation of PV systems without maintenances contributes to energy wastage and increases the cost compared to on-grid supply. Improper maintenances with an aged system will minimize the performance, decrease the lifetime and possibility of defect of the system. An intelligent monitoring system is the best solution to keep track of a photovoltaic system's performance to ensure the system to maintain at optimum condition. The aim of this project is to study the factors that affect the photovoltaic's energy harvesting and develop a PV performance monitoring system with the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed PV energy performance monitoring system allowed users to wirelessly monitor the PV performance parameter by using Blynk application through the smartphone. A prototype was design and built with ESP32 development board, DHT22, Current sensor and Voltage sensor which then applied to the actual PV system consisting of a 20W PV panel,12V battery, charge controller and LED lamp as the load. The collected data was plotted in graphs for a better analysis. The data collected shows that the efficiency of the PV panel can be affected by shading and temperature. In day 3, the strong emitted sun from morning gave the average voltage and current of 13.1V and 0.33A compared to day 1, which was cloudy all day, giving the average voltage and current of 12.8V and 0.17A, respectively. The efficiency of PV panel depends on the value of voltage and current since both values was affected by the temperature and shading from cloud. The proposed PV monitoring system is developed based on the implementation of IoT technology, where it can contribute to sustainable development for better energy saving compared to conventional PV systems that installed in the market [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its remote control and capacity to operate in dangerous environments, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming more popular in human and industrial applications. UAVs are widely used (i.e., military, civilian, industry, and organization). Multirotor and fixed-wing UAVs exist. Multirotor UAVs can hover, conduct vertical takeoffs, and land in tight spaces. Fixed-wing UAVs cover more ground in one flight or battery charge. Fixed-wing UAVs fly longer than multirotors. Fixed-wing UAVs need longer runways for takeoff and landing. However, external disturbances may readily destabilize fixed-wing UAVs (i.e., wind gusts and extreme weather conditions). UAV stability requires a control system. This study examines the Cessna182 UAV model. Fuzzy-PD controls are explored and built to handle disturbances that impact UAV dynamics. Fuzzy-PD controllers combine fuzzy logic and PD control benefits. Fuzzy logic determines PD controller adaptive controller gains. The fuzzy-PD controller's fuzzy rules-base improves system responsiveness, settling time, overshoot, steady-state error, and rising time. MATLAB/Simulink® simulates Fuzzy-PD controllers. Fuzzy-PD control improves Cessna182 fixed-wing UAV longitudinal stability. The controller minimizes system settling time, overshoot, and steady-state error, and its resilience reduces wind impacts on UAV stability. Industrial controllers can operate UAVs better than commercial ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of a daily study of the Nissan Leaf electric car operated in a sharply continental climate. Daily monitoring was carried out according to three criteria: electric vehicle storage, battery charging and daily operation of the electric vehicle. As a result, we found that the power reserve of an electric car depends on the conditions of the trip (urban /suburban environment) and the manner of driving an electric car. Daily monitoring of the operation of the Nissan Leaf made it possible to monitor various aspects of the operation of the electric vehicle. With the help of monitoring, the mileage was monitored and the remaining battery charge readings were regularly analyzed. The studies were conducted in a temperature range from +30 to-25 °C. By collecting data on speed, driving mode and other factors, we determined the conditions of energy use and that in the future will allow us to choose ways to optimize the efficiency of using an electric car in the regions of the Far North and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of storing vegetables and fruits affects many farms, as well as large agricultural enterprises. Each manufacturer wants to keep the presentation of the product in the same form in which it received at the time of collection, increasing the shelf life until it is fully sold and purchased by the consumer. With climate change on the territory of Russia, many enterprises have been able to diversify the sown crop, increase the volume of production, and also expand the area for growing vegetables. With the growth in the volume of manufactured products for agricultural enterprises, there is a need to create modern high-tech facilities for the storage of vegetables or the construction of additional vegetable stores. The purpose of the article is to explore and develop a simulation mathematical model for the operation of an energy complex using an extended range of renewable energy sources in an integrated system. To describe the functioning of the complex of renewable energy sources (RES), the mathematical model contains models of individual elements of the energy generating system. When modeling the operation of the complex, the processes of functioning of the heat consumption system of the vegetable store are simulated, in addition, the mathematical model of the complex includes models for generating electrical energy by a wind power plant (WPP) and photovoltaic panels (PV panels). The key point of the simulation model is the functioning of electric batteries. The mathematical model was implemented in the Microsoft Excel environment using the built-in Visual Basic package. The developed model was used to simulate the operation of a potato storage with a capacity of 1000 tons of arched type. When modeling, we used weather data for the city of Yoshkar-Ola (Mari El River) for the period from September 1, 2020 to May 1, 2021. The technological cycle of potato storage was also modeled: the treatment period, the cooling period, the main storage period, the period of preparation for sale. Each period was characterized by its own temperature regime and ventilation regime. The simulation results (heat losses, potato storage power consumption by days, power generation by photovoltaic and wind turbines by days, daily battery charge) are presented in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science and technology have begun a new era in the history of humanity. As a result of technology progress, electronic devices have become smaller, lighter and faster, especially laptops. Laptops are subjected to a lot of heat for high-process units, which cause high spots on the processing unit. Because the current cooling system is weak for heat dissipation in warm locations, the trendy MLHP heat pipe technology is upgraded for better cooling. Compared with current active cooling technologies, this novel passive cooling solution also provides various benefits such noise-free operation, lower energy usage and increased reliability. This article offers a visual depiction of a new laptop cooling solution and evaluates Fluent's approach for the victimization of fluid dynamics. This test has varying thermal reductions, 30W, 32W, 43W under various operating situations, such as regular laptop usage, normal usage, while battery charge and 100% mainframe load are heavily charged. Heat dissipation and dispersion under different operating situations were explored. Claves: Laptop, LOOP, CFD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the problem of extending the lifetime of wireless sensor network (WSN), which depends on the operation time of the power supply source embedded into the sensor node. The approaches to the energy conservation of the sensor node power supply source discussed in the Russian-language literature and their shortcomings are considered. It is proposed to use the system of recharging or replacing batteries of WSN sensor nodes with the help of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). UAV with recharging signal transmitters allow covering all sensor nodes located at some distance one from another on terrains with any kind of accessibility. The servicing sequence of the sensor nodes is selected in the frameworks of "digital twins" concept. A digital model of the network power supply is used as the digital twin. The servicing process is optimized using the digital model, periodically entering the current parameters of the network status into it. The main parameters are described and main correlations determining the indicated parameters of the network digital model are introduced. The algorithm of recharging or replacing batteries of network nodes of the wireless sensor network using unmanned aerial vehicles is demonstrated and the result of its software implementation for the wireless sensor network with five sensor nodes and one servicing UAV is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows an examination over the characteristics of resonant LC converter in battery charge applications. Common application of this circuit can also be found in the supplementary power supplies and renewable energy systems. A double full-bridge design is used to deliver the necessary features of power conversion. The output stage is considered as a current source, which works independently from the battery cell state and number. Operation mode is achieved by a phase-shift control circuit with a microcontroller. Calculations about resonant converter values are shown. Experimental data for device output characteristics are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the electric vehicle (EV) battery charge is provided by a grid-linked PV System that allows the charger to consistently charge the EV's battery regardless of the irradiance utilized by the SEPIC-ZETA DC-DC converter and bidirectional converter. As a bidirectional converter to facilitate the charging station, a SEPIC-ZETA converter is employed. PV array creates electricity and charges the EV battery during high sunlight hours, and extra energy may be supplied to the power grid. The EV battery is charged from the grid during low sunshine hours. The system is intended to sensor the SOC battery and SEPIC–ZETA converters which may be used to manage the availability of the power grid by connecting or disconnecting the battery. In the tools MATLAB/Simulink, the planned electric vehicle charges are simulated, and the system's dynamic response analyzed, and the results are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project proposed to design and develop a portable Pelton turbine hydro-generator energy system. We had study, design, and test the prototype to determine the feasibility of the system as a renewable-energy source. The prototype of the system consists of DC motor generator, battery charger controller, battery and load. The DC generator is optimized when there is high-pressure water flow intensity resulting in greater power output. A feedback system that operates as a device that collects data on energy and energy release in watts will be connected. It aims to send the data to the center to oversee project operations. This project demonstrates the concept and the design of basic hydroelectric system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regenerative Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) is a braking system in vehicle electric (electric vehicle) which can prevent locking on vehicle wheel and do recovery kinetic energy braking into a battery charge. In this paper, regenerative ABS applied in quarter car model approach. Regenerative ABS had many components in it one of them is a sensor. The sensor fault can reduce the safety level of the regenerative ABS. In this paper, Active Fault Tolerant Control (AFTC) scheme is applied to ABS regenerative ABS to accommodate the wheel speed sensor fault to improve system performance. Sliding Mode Controller is used in this regenerative ABS controller with k and epsilon (ɛ) gain parameters 10 and 3 with a maximum overshoot of 18.95%, error steady state 0% and settling time of 0.08 seconds. Then, the AFTC algorithm works by using the residual calculation result ... as the compensation value of the measurement signal. From the results of the response test after being applied the bias and sensitivity fault, the system that equipped with AFTC algorithm able to overcome the sensor fault up to 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulse width modulation (PWM) based (a non-consistent) breaking system is used to keep the wheels from being bolted in the proposed antilock breaking system (ABS). Using this method a better hold of the street by wheels is possible and halting separations likewise diminish essentially particularly on precarious street surfaces like frosty or wet streets. The active vitality of the wheel is by and large lost amid braking as warmth because of grinding among brake cushions. This vitality can be recuperated using regenerative braking systems (RBS). In this strategy, the overabundance vitality is put away incidentally in capacitor banks before it gets changed over to warm vitality and is squandered. This framework delays the battery life by reviving the battery utilizing the put away vitality. Subsequently the mileage of the electric vehicle likewise increments as it can travel more separation in a solitary battery charge. These two techniques together help make electric vehicle vitality productive and more secure and less demanding to utilize subsequently anticipating and diminishing the quantity of mischance’s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific paper presents the results of the development of complex mathematical simulation real-time models and algorithms for HiL test bench control system the high-voltage battery of a vehicle with a hybrid powertrain designed to control a physical model of the HiL test bench, that simulates the characteristics and behavior of cells in high voltage batteries and other components included in the high-voltage battery. The purpose of this work is to create and implement a set of mathematical models and software tools with the necessary accuracy of parameters and signals simulating the behavior of a real high-voltage battery, designed for the development and testing of mathematical algorithms and software for the control system of a high-voltage battery of a vehicle with a hybrid power plant. The main features of the developed models are simulation of the characteristics of high-voltage battery cells with the ability to set the initial State-Of-Charge (SOC) and change the SOC during the operation of the model; calculation of the SOC for high-voltage battery cells by the input parameter of the model, that determines the electric current flowing through the battery; simulation of the state of high-voltage battery contactors and modes of operation of the high-voltage battery; simulation of the precharge mode for the capacity of a high-voltage electric circuit of a hybrid powertrain; simulation of failures of high-voltage battery cells and components that are part of the high-voltage battery management system (current sensor, power contactors). The composition of the control system, the necessary logic, and a set of mathematical models for controlling a semi-natural stand of a high-voltage battery and simulating the characteristics of cells of a high-voltage battery has been defined. The development of a mathematical model of cells is based on an equivalent circuit of an electric current source. A full-scale experiment was conducted on a real electric cell, during which experimental data and graphs of charge and discharge processes, static and dynamic electrical characteristics were obtained. The data were used to develop and evaluate a mathematical model of a high-voltage battery cell. The results of the work allow us to speed up the process of developing software for electrical systems and control systems for high-voltage batteries for vehicles with hybrid powertrains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developed countries continue to search for solutions to reduce carbon emissions and increase energy efficiency. Therefore, developed countries have adopted EVs and have integrated them into smart transportation systems (ITS). Electric vehicles (EV) equipped with communication devices and wireless sensors such as an onboard unit (OBU) allow wireless communication between electric vehicles (EV) and roadside units (RSU) called V2I and between electric vehicles and smart grid components such as charging stations (CS) called V2G. This paper reviews EV charging management in terms of the different types of messages that are exchanged between V2I and V2G by the IEC 61850 and IEEE WAVE standards. Besides, this paper explains the algorithm used to schedule electric vehicle charging based on the connection between V2I and V2G. This algorithm ensures that the needs of electric vehicles are met by supplying them with energy through information obtained between the electric vehicle, RSU, and CS. The accurate information obtained through this communication system enables the EV owners to estimate the distance to the nearest and available charging station that may accept EV without burdening the distribution networks. This research will help to give an overview for researchers about the electrical vehicle charging systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of its high energy density, low material degeneration, and low self-discharge, Li-ion industrial density batteries are employed in industrial applications. The SOC (State of Charge), SOH (State of Health), as well as Temperature will all be monitored by the Battery Monitoring System. Nowadays, by using theoretical computation it becomes easier to recognize the performance. In this system, we have implemented the convolution neural nature and Fuzzy Mamdani Logic Method for analyzing the performance of the system. While comparing these two concepts MPPT provides more performance than Convolution neural network. So MPPT is better than convolution neural network. As this application is being good, this algorithm is used in the battery monitoring system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we highlight the problems related to UN SDG number 7 (providing affordable, reliable and sustainable energy) by analyzing the current infrastructure that provides uninterrupted reliable energy supply to technologically isolated and hard-to-reach territories in the Russian Federation. We explain the different components of Hybrid Energy Complexes that include various elements of renewable energy sources, we analyze the factors influencing the efficiency of these complexes and we optimize the composition of these complexes by using a mathematical simulation program that predicts various output indicators. By comparing our estimates with actual data in Ust-Kamchatsk, we are able to highlight the accuracy of our program as well as make conclusions on how its future implementation may have a positive effect on both ecological and economic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy sources in the world impact the environment, including climate change and global gas emissions, which lead to the development of renewable energy sources. This paper investigates gym equipment as an energy-generation approach to support energy consumption or utilization for a building listed as Net-Zero Energy Building. This alternative method to generate energy sources is based on two gym equipment, i.e., a static bicycle and a treadmill. The mechanical energy will be transformed into electrical energy from an alternator before storing it in a battery. Then, an inverter circuit was designed to convert the DC to AC to power the electrical appliances. Several analyses have been made, including the durability and improvement strategies for the system's stability. Overall, this system has achieved its objectives and generates sufficient energy for a building. This concept is an innovation for power harvesting that appears to generate a renewable energy source and can be applied to any building, primarily in residential areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion battery charge state of the accurate and rapid estimation of battery management system is the key technology. In this paper, an exponentially reaching law sliding-mode variable structure control algorithm based on Kalman filter is proposed to estimate the state of charge of Li-ion battery for the dynamic nonlinear system. The RC equivalent circuit model is established, and the model equation with specific structure is given. The proposed Kalman filter sliding mode structure is used to estimate the state of charge of the battery in the battery model, and the jitter effect can be avoided and the estimation performance can be improved. The simulation results show that the proposed Kalman filter sliding mode control has good accuracy in estimating the state of charge of the battery compared with the ordinary Kalman filter, and the error range is within 3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicles have become a major trend in the development of the automobile industry. Green energy saving is an important feature of their development. At the same time, the related charging facilities construction is also critical. If we improve the charging measures to adapt to its green energy-saving features, it will be to a greater extent to promote its further development. This article will propose a highly efficient green energy-saving charging station designed for the electric vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With advancement in technology, Energy Sector has seen a great shift in dependency from fossil fuel towards the renewable energy sources specifically among all the other sources of renewable energy, Solar has gained much attention due to its abundant availability. But due to stochastic behavior of the Solar energy, the power generated by solar energy is highly variable and affecting both the power quality and the power planning system. To reduce the effect of intermittent nature solar energy, Energy storage system(ESS) play a vital role in controlling the overall output from the generating system and providing other extending support towards the working of the system. This paper discusses the different variants of energy storage methods deployed with solar power and a comprehensive investigation is carried out on various storage technologies. The paper includes most of the energy storage technologies present in themarket such and Electrochemical Energy Storage, Pumped Energy Storage, Thermal Energy Storage, Compressed air Storage, flywheel energy storage, magnetic energy storage and hydrogen energy storage. The main objective of the article is the analysis of aforementioned storage technologies and their operating constrains as well as characteristics of various storage types. Based on literature survey it is found that most of the researches have been carried out around Sensible Heat Storage and Latent Heat Storage. Further Pumped Hydro storage is found to be the widely used technology in integration with renewable energy due to its operational and maintenance ease and lower impact on environment. The recent advancement in storage technologies and their deployment with solar power are also included in this paper throughout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inductive wireless power transfer (IWPT) is a method introduced for transferring energy. IWPT technology is generally characterized by high transfer efficiency and high output power at low distances. The extensive use of gasoline leads to the emission of gases harmful to the environment, which leads to global warming. Therefore, traditional energy resources must be minimized and their effects on the environments should be reduced. Therefore, alternative solutions such as electric vehicles (EVs) or EV-based wireless power transfer (WPT) are adopted. In this research, IWPT-based EV was reviewed and compared. In addition, the WPT was classified according to the transfer distances. Several performance metrics of previous scholars related to charging the battery of EVs were explored and compared in terms of transfer power, efficiency and distance between receiver and transmitter coils and the oscillating frequency. In addition, the application of WPT was highlighted. Moreover, the advantage and disadvantages of IWPT were explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective behind initiating this paper lies behind the problem that is being solved with respect to designing a commuter e-motorcycle that best suits for covering long range and also for Indian road Conditions. In this case study we focus on the betterment of battery management for long range by using primary and secondary (swappable) battery thereby improvising swapping battery concept. The swapping battery concept results in the reduction of cost of EV as battery ownership is replaced by battery leasing which make an impact on the business approach in market of E-motorcycles. The design of the vehicle is made possible using the software Autodesk fusion 360. The basic literature survey is done in prior to understand the current market statistics and analysis of competitive approach have been studied. Sustainability is one such another factor that is taken into consideration when it comes to manufacturing of Electric Motorcycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The battery combined model is generally employed to track the experimental battery terminal voltage due to a simulation process. However, this model requires an appropriate parameter identification in order to have an adequate output terminal voltage. The best tuning model parameters can enhance the model accracy and thus increase the accuracy of the state of charge, which is considered as an important state for battery management system. the parameter identification framework based on the battery model and a particle swarm optimization method is proposed. Firstly, the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) current profile is used as input of the battery in order to extract the experimental terminal voltage, and then the parameter identification framework is applied to find the best parameters by minimizing the error between the experimental and the optimized terminal voltage. The simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve high estimation accuracy with root mean square error and the maximum absolute error within 0.01 mV and 2 mV respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal computer-connectable instrument for measurement of current consumption of battery-powered biomedical devices has been developed. The instrument uses particular method to measure the current by counting the electric charge went to the device under test supply rails. This method allows precise measurements in wide range of supply currents, also in case where instant value of current changes by few orders in nearly zero time, going from very low range up to few tens of milliamperes. The instrument uses industry-standard low-cost electronic components. Firmware of the instrument allows flexible tuning of its working parameters, adopting it to wide range of measurements of current consumption profile of different devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, solar powered air conditioning machines have made increasing progress as air conditioning systems are almost a must in every building in Indonesia. Indonesia is a tropical area that can receive sunlight all year round. This study examines the design and performance of a solar-powered air conditioning system that is integrated with a photovoltaic (PV) system consisting of PV panels, solar chargers, DC power controllers/inverters and batteries. This air conditioning system can be used in non-electrical areas. The first step in this research is the calculation of the cooling load for the space to be conditioned and obtained about 1 ton of refrigeration (3.52 kW). Based on this cooling load, a photovoltaic (PV) system has been estimated and constructed with the necessary connections. Data logging systems have been used to measure the temperature of the main components in the cycle such as the compressor inlet and outlet as well as the evaporator and condenser. The input power for the system as well as the coefficient of performance (COP) for the system under Indonesian climatic conditions are measured throughout the day. The coefficient of performance varies from 2.9 to 8.5 for the system and this result is compared with the performance of the conventional system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic (PV) system has become the most popular devices in various sectors because the ability to produce clean and renewable energy at low costs, easy installation, and abundant sources of sunlight. However, if this abundance input source is not monitored properly, it can cause the solar cell device to be damaged due to excess input power so that a real time and Android-integrated system monitor is needed to maintain the PV performance. This study builds the monitoring system with the implementation of the Internet of Things using the NodeMCU microcontroller and the data is displayed using Blynk platform on Android. The system includes reading data, sending data and displaying data on the android system. The system is able to read data according to standard measuring instruments. Data transmission is represented in graphic with transmission data less than 30 seconds. The results indicate that this monitoring system has the potential to be used for real time control and monitoring of PV system with low cost and easy to use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data transmission system is important for the solar energy station monitoring system, where the system functions to send the output from the sensing element to the destination station. In practice, the generator location that scatters makes it difficult to monitor the performance data of the installed power plant. Monitoring is generally manually so that the parameters and monitoring data obtained are limited and not continuous. Therefore, the study uses an Internet of Things (IoT) system that combines a microcontroller with the sensors used for transmission process data by sensors to the database. The research purpose is to know the performance of IoT-based data transmission systems using a wireless network on solar energy stations and recommend a data transmission system that matches the solar energy station that can be displayed. The data transmission test results obtained the average packet value loss, delay, throughput, and jitter of 0.804%, 193,653 ms, 472,416 Bps, and 0.037 ms for plants with local servers and 0.348%, 68,818 ms, 860,875 Bps, and 0.009 ms for local server with an internet server. The results indicate that the applicability of the IoT system on the solar energy station can optimize the monitoring process of variable measurement by the devices in real-time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the data is in huge amount, the processing of that data can be structured or unstructured. The amount of data is less important that the processing of data by the organizations. The organizations can predict the data, analyze the data and take better decision with business strategy. The data after refinement is used to predict the competencies among the organizations. The use of Big Data by the companies is to outperform their peers. New startups can utilize the data and further proceed with innovation. Photovoltaics converts the energy from the sun into a flow of electrons. Such data is stored in acloud storage and the data is classified based on the transmission lines. The stepdown transformer ascertains the voltage drop and graphical representation is shown. Due to the prediction of voltage drop, the maintenance of the transmission lines is efficient. The simulation results emphasize better performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of electricity as a energy source for transportation media is developing. An electric bicycle is a simple transportation media that uses electric propulsion energy. The weakness of electric bikes is that the battery tends to damage due to use or age. In the market, many battery manufacturers provide alternative battery replacement products for electric bicycles. This study compares the performance between standard batteries obtained from electric bikes and aftermarket batteries sold widely. This research method is a field test with treatment on load and speed variations. The results obtained are the working voltage of aftermarket batteries is 4.4-4.6% smaller at speeds of 10 and 20 km/h, while at speeds of 30km/h, the voltage is relatively the same. For the current at 10km/h, aftermarket batteries have a smaller current of up to 2.6A, but at a speed of 30km/h, the current increases to more than 14A. While the average mileage of an electric bicycle battery is 10-32Km, on an aftermarket battery, it is between 9-35km. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present paper proposes a simpler synchronized series RC phase angle control based push pull inverter topology using parallel combination of Power MOSFETS and a step up center-tap transformer to convert DC power available through solar panels, supported by battery backup to AC grid. A single phase quasi square wave three level inverter is employed to convert Solar DC solar power to a quasi square AC voltage, using a step-up centre tap transformer. The output voltage and phase angle of the inverter connected to the AC bus is kept controllable by duty ratio control and phase angle cantor respectively. A proposed prototype inverter model tested to verify power fed to 230 Volts AC supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present a simulation study for methods and topologies of the wireless power transfer (WPT) on Static and Dynamic Wireless Electric Vehicles Charging Systems (S-WEVCS and D-WEVCS respectively), in the fundamental performance parameters of these systems. This study is based on the results of the simulation models for the mainly used method and the relatively used topologies. From this simulation will be extracted design recommendations. These models will be used as a researching tool for further research on WPT systems for EVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Street lighting is an inseparable of the community environment, business activities, promotion, safety and security and aesthetics. Street lighting also has an important role in supporting community activities. Indonesia is located on equator is rich in sunlight. Sunlight energy can be converted into electric energy through solar panels. During the day the solar panel charge the battery releases electrical energy to the lamp. Research Methodology using : calculation of pole distance, calculation of street lamp power capacity. After getting the electric power of the lamp and the time of battery usage, the required battery electrical energy can be determined. The results obtained : pole height 7 m, lamp power 50 W voltage 12 V, pole distance 50 m, solar panel capacity 150 Wp, VLRA dry battery capacity 70 Ah, BCR capacity 15 A, light sensor capacity 6 A and timer switch capacity 6 A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the application of the technology of the digital twin of the person to solve the problem of tasks distribution of in modern production. The person is a cyber-physical system; therefore, it is possible to create his digital twin with characteristics and properties that are important for us. From the point of view of modern production, a person is a production resource that has certain characteristics and is capable of performing certain work. The task of the planner in production is to optimally distribute tasks among production resources whether is a robot or a person. It is necessary to take into account not only the cost of work, but also other important parameters, such as the probability of error, injury, etc. The complexity is also added by the fact that the characteristics of a person are not constant, depend on many factors and change even during the work shift. It is necessary to take into account all these parameters when distributing tasks, as well as to track them in dynamics in order to transfer the work performance to the resource that is optimal for this on time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In rural places, recurring power outages are still a normal occurrence. Even if the household is equipped with backup power connections, when there is a power outage at home owing to a power outage in the neighborhood, the Wi-Fi signal at home is lost. The wireless router/modem at household can broadcast Wi-Fi signal but the internet will still not work. The internet signal from the service provider reaches the central router. However, as the power backup is not available for central router, it cannot transfer signal to the household wireless router/modem. This issue of power has always been a problem for wireless technology. In this regard, there is a diehard need for an autonomously positioned source of power to the central router so that there will be uninterrupted internet signals at rural household. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li-ion batteries have been widely used as an energy source in electronics and applications for electric vehicles. In accordance with the main function in the use of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) as the main energy storage resource needs attention. especially on battery safety issues in receiving external mechanical loads including such as mechanical deformation which allows the battery to be damaged and fail. Understanding the dynamic behavior that occurs in the battery is very important in analyzing battery performance according to the possible conditions that the battery receives. In this case, tests using drop test and quasi-static methods were carried out on the battery to evaluate the safety of electrical properties and battery safety. This article discusses the physical and mechanical characteristics of drop tests and quasi-static tests provide the basic understanding needed to design and analyze the results of drop tests and quasi-static tests on batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia has used electric vehicles for future transportation, and the government has passed a law to help and facilitate the implementation of future electric vehicles. These regulations are contained in Presidential Regulation No. 55 of 2019 concerning the Acceleration of the battery-based electric motor vehicle program and Minister of Industry Regulation No. 27/2020 Concerning Specifications, development roadmaps, and provisions for calculating the component level of domestic (TKDN) electric vehicles for battery-based electric motorized vehicles. This paper describes the future opportunities for Indonesian electric vehicles and the main and supporting components of electric vehicles that can gradually be produced domestically, increasing the TKDN value. Analysis of the main and supporting components of electric vehicles can be seen from the development of research and industries engaged in Indonesian electric vehicles and government policies and implementations that have been real to support national electric vehicles. The main components in an electric vehicle are batteries (35%), frame or body (7%), drive train and Power Control Unit (13%), electric instruments (3%), and supporting components. The stage towards the industry, the government has collaborated with private manufacturers to produce national batteries. Therefore, the TKDN value is expected to increase as consumers, and government policies incentivize the electric vehicle industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion batteries are being developed and considered as future storage energy systems for any application on electronics devices, renewable energy systems, and electric vehicles. The battery pack unbalanced is one of the main crucial problems and hence decreases battery capacity rapidly. These problems are caused by the difference in an internal resistance battery cell, battery capacity, and battery connectivity problems. To increase the lifetime of the battery pack, the battery cells should be frequently equalized to keeps up the difference between the cells as small as possible. This study compares and evaluates a passive balancing system developed in Smart BMS LiFePO4 12Volt, to select an appropriate balancing scheme addressing battery efficiency and balancing speed for an off-grid photovoltaic system. The consequences of the software of four 12Volt LiFePO4 Smart BMS with distinct resistor values withinside the balancing system show that there may be a giant distinction among the balancing performances that occur. BMS with huge resistors has the quickest time in balancing the battery this is being charged or discharged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) gives human civilization a stunning and clever landscape. Connections between different sensors also strategies in the Internet of Things (IoT) contribute to high energy feasting. Study into liveliness conservation and methods of energy-saving are also important. Sustainability in an energy-efficient way due to the sensors' partial power is important for wireless sensors in an IoT network. This paper aims to analyze an IoT network of remote monitoring and access points. Wireless battery charging power delivery methods are getting more mature. The electrical power supply is operated by a charging car for wireless sensors. The data sharing of the IoT network situation is a minimization challenge to conserve electric energy. A three-stage process obtains the solution. A Reboot Artificial Bee Community (RABC) approach is proposed to solve the sub-problems of the data transfer model. The RABC approach has been shown to converge asymptotically to the optimization process. Computer modelling demonstrates that energy consumption can be reduced with a strong, robust function using the proposed approach in the intentional network scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PV system can be considered as promising technologies in generating electrical energy. In order to meet the high demand of electric consumption much research on PV system have been done. This project focuses on maximizing the output energy from PV panel and maintain the amount of energy that has converted by a PV panel. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been used in this project in optimizing the PV system. One of the methods of the MPPT technique which is Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm, easy to implement and has efficient performance in solving the optimization problem. The performance of P&O algorithm has been analysed through the simulation in MATLAB and experimental result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybrid vehicle has reached a certain level in vehicle production, thus providing a solution for, carbon emission control, economic operation and vehicle maintenance. But Low energy storage in a hybrid vehicle is not conducive to long distance travel. For achieving the better performance of hybrid electric vehicle rule-based fuzzy logic controller and machine learning optimizing techniques are introduced. This system was simulated in MATLAB Simulink and results shows the performance of HEV is improved in significant level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]