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Malware which targets wireless PDAs or mobile phones with the intention of crashing the system as well as leaking or destroying confidential information is known as mobile malware. It is getting more and harder to protect PDA networks and cordless phones from intrusions via viruses as well as other malware as these devices grow more widely used and complex. Users think highly of the growing number of Recently developed malware. Therefore, a new model was proposed for securing the operating system of the Android device by allowing to installed the application or not. The model was based on a dataset of malware for Android applications by building a convolutional neural network CNN and K-NN models for classification stage, whether they are malicious application or not. First apply features select by correlation-based feature selection, then train the applications based on their selected features. In order to test the accuracy of two models, Confusion Matrix is used. The last stage, after detecting the malware is let the user to allow or not to activate the download of the application to the Android device. The entire model is proposed to provide a secure environment for Android from malware. It has been proven that the permissions-based approach can classify malware or regular software with high accuracy using the CNN model, reaching 0.9880, while the accuracy value was 0.9711 using the KNN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to investigate the effects of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and porous medium on the inner channel walls, as well as to conduct a surface roughness analysis for the peristaltic flow of Jeffery fluid through a non-uniform inclined channel. The problem is formulated using the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy equations in a Cartesian system. To simplify the calculations, a lubrication approach is employed for exact solutions. The paper has discussed the impact of a number of parameters, such as surface roughness, Hartman number, Jeffery parameter, permeability parameter, etc., for velocity, temperature at the wall, surface uniform temperature, pressure rise, and streamline patterns. Thus, one would communicate that the effects of the Hartman number and the permeability parameter cannot be neglected for the peristaltic transport of fluid with surface roughness. This is an important step, presented in a much clearer expression, opening the way for more detailed exploration of the various effects on flow models due to surface roughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yttrium barium copper oxide)YBa2Cu3O7-x(is one of the most interesting high-temperature superconductors. YBa2Cu3O7-x was synthesized by mixing yttrium oxide, barium dioxide, and copper oxide and applying the combustion process heated (Burn process) at 1123 ok. Then, the materials resulted in a grinding, pressing, and calcification process at 1023 ok for three hours under the flow of oxygen. This study focused on the impact of YBa2Cu3O7-x on blended polymer poly (methyl methacrylate)-polystyrene (PS-PMMA) to fabricated (PS-PMMA-YBa2Cu3O7-x) composites applying a dissolving-solution-cast method. The optical properties of composites were investigated using different loading ratios from (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 wt. %) of the superconductor materials. The optical properties result of composites exhibited notable improvement in the absorbance, absorption index, refractive coefficient, and real and imaginary isolation constants with an increase in the YBa2Cu3O7-x concentrations. In contrast, significant enhancement was presented by reducing the energy gap up to 1.5 eV after the contribution of the (YBa2Cu3O7-x) superconductor. Fine homogeneity of the blended polymers in the matrix presented optical microscopy (OM) images and good dispersion of the YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductor in the composites. These composites could open new ways for new applications for electronic devices such as solar cells and sensors, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel (St37) is a widely used metal in industries as it is lightweight, a good thermal conductor, and corrosion- resistant. It is also utilized to manufacture pipes, alloy wheels, and presses. In this research, the rate of wear was studied in two cases. First, the changed speeds with fixed both time, temperature, and load on the samples to study to which extent it affects the resistance to wear. Second, varying loads with constant time, temperature, and speed were used to examine the impact on wear resistance. It was found that changing speed in the wear test increases wear resistance and hardness with increasing the speed, so the wear rate of the metal decreases. When changing the loads, it was found that as the load increased, the wear resistance and hardness decreased while the wear rate increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through a circle dimple film cooling perforations tube and a whirling fluid movement, this article explores a novel approach to film cooling. In this investigation, we compared the effects of two air movements conducted at different temperatures. Researchers used spherical dimples to control the puffing ratio over the study, ranging from 0.5 to 2.0. The efficiency of the chilling process was measured and compared to that of a conventional, untwisted tube. When the disparity in air movement temperatures was reduced to 25 degrees, the results showed a substantial increase in heat efficiency. The increase in heat transmission, from 19.5% to 58.5%, provides strong evidence for these enhancements. The research concludes that the convective heat transmission efficiency can be improved by employing a basic shape of the film cooling cavity with depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to learn how the presence of rectangular slots impacts the lubrication process in a slider bearingthat slides at an inclination. The Reynolds equation wasutilized to compute the pressure gradient that existed within a two-dimensional fluid layer. The researcher was able to compare the practical results obtained with the tilted sliding bearing by fabricating and improving the device with sensors placed along the pad in order to read the pressure distribution in each circumstance. This allowed the researcher to evaluate the effectiveness of the tilted sliding bearing. When comparedto the tubes used in earlier studies, the readings from these sensors will be extremely accurate. One model was made without slots (flat), while the other three had slots of varied widths (3mm, 5mm, or 8mm) and depths (2mm) that were oriented in the direction of the oil flow. This study looked at a wide series of factors, such as sliding speeds (V = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 m/s), pad inclination values (K= hi/ho=2, 2.5, 3, 4), and oil temperatures (35°C, 45°C, and 55°C). By adjusting these factors, the ideal slider-bearing profile can be created. The experimental findings were analyzed, and it was determined that the flat model outperformed the slotted models. At K=2-2.5, both the flat and slot models reached their maximum load-carrying capacities, albeit the former by a factor of 0.5, while the latter by factors of 4.27 and 14.66%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this project is to design and implement a pulse width modulated (PWM) controller to regulate the velocity of a DC motor. The primary emphasis is on achieving high feedback gain to enhance system robustness. Additionally, a first-order filter is introduced to address challenges arising from higher gain at high frequencies. To optimize power consumption, we employ voltage armature control for precise velocity regulation. The PWM frequency is modulated using optical coupler sensor technology to meet the system's specific requirements. Simulation results are obtained after establishing the practical aspects and fine-tuning system parameters using the Ziegler-Nichols method. We thoroughly examine both practical and theoretical load variations and investigate disturbance elimination. The transient response analysis reveals low overshoot and minimal rise time, indicating a highly responsive system. Furthermore, the system response demonstrates exceptional robustness. We ensure robust control, and system stability is examined by employing neural network sigmoid with particle swarm optimization techniques to compare responses against the designed controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite materials based on aluminum are among the most important materials used in various industries due to their good properties, such as wear resistance, low density, and high resistance relative to weight. In this research, composite materials based on aluminum alloy (Al-5083) were prepared in addition to nanomaterial (ZrO2) with weight ratios of (2%, 4%, and 6%) prepared by the vortex method. The ZrO2 nanomaterial was added to the molten materials, which were then mixed with an electric mixer to create a vortex. The molten mixture was then poured into a cylindrical metal mold. After that, the samples were cut and prepared by polishing and smoothing them for experimentation and wear tests. The surface roughness and hardness of the samples were examined before and after the wear test, the tensile strength of the samples was tested. The microscopic structure of the models was studied, and a comparison was carried out between them. The results obtained through this study show that the wear resistance of composite materials has improved due to the addition of nanomaterial (ZrO2) compared to the base alloy. The wear resistance of the alloy with the addition of 4% nano was the best and higher the matter, which led to a lower wear rate. It was found that the addition of nanomaterials (ZrO2) to the base metal led to an increase in wear resistance, especially at the addition of (4%) nano, considered the best in wearresistance. The addition of nanomaterial (ZrO2) in the above proportions has contributed to improving the mechanical properties of the alloy (tensile resistance, hardness, and wear resistance). It was found that 4% gave the maximum stress (δu) and the highest hardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent decades, concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns have begun to be publically used in the construction industry. To understand the behavior and predicting capacity of this type of columns, different researches have tried to find a new formula for estimating the confining pressure on the concrete core from outer steel tube of CFST stub columns. The present study has used a database for experimentally tested column specimens of wide range values of geometric properties represented by the ratio of diameter to tube thickness and material properties represented by the ratio of concrete compressive strength to steel yield strength from previous studies. Depending on test results of 317 column specimens collected from literature, and studying different approaches proposed by many researchers, a new formula is proposed here to determine the axial capacity and it was compared with previous studies. Also, approaches of different specifications and standards currently in use to design concrete-filled steel tube columns have been compared. The confining pressure was taken into account in the formula and it is adopted to create a new material model of nonlinear finite element method and used here and verified using experimental results. It is found that the new formula and material models agree quite well with the experimental test results. The mean value is giving 0.9995 which is the closest to the unity while both standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (COV) are 0.0799 which shows the reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous materials have been proposed and developed in recent years to improve the swelling features of expansive soil under moisture conditions while minimizing economic costs and environmental impact. This research deals with the improvement of expansive properties of clay soils by chemical treatment using biomass sludge as a product from the last operating stages of wastewater treatment plants used to stabilize the expansive soil. Experimental tests are carried out on treated expansive soils with sludge to exam the swelling characteristics of the expansive soil. In these experiments, three different percentages of the treated biomass sludge by dry weight of soil (3%, 5%, and 7%) were added to the expansive soil to evaluate the efficiency of using the treated material. The results of the present investigation show that the use of sludge efficiently improves the swelling characteristics. Furthermore, the optimum percentage of the treated biomass sludge was 7%, which reduced the swelling pressure by around 36% in comparison with untreated soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, copper and zinc nanoparticles were prepared using a pulsed laser ablation method, using a Nd- YAG laser with a wavelength of 532 nm, a fixed ablation energy of 600 mJ, and a number of different pulses (300, 600, and 900 pulse/sec) in deionized aqueous media. The results of XRD cubic symmetry for copper nanoparticles has been recorded zinc nanoparticles and that the system is hexagonal. The results of FESEM indicate obtaining the average size of diameters (42, 28, and 16 nm) respectively for CuNP. We average the size of diameters (48, 32, and 22nm) respectively for ZnNP. Through Uv-Vis spectra was the surface plasmon resonance was determined two peaks were obtained at (297, 295, and 297 nm) and (652, 658, and 655 nm) for CuNP and peaks at (297, 301, and 300 nm) for ZnNP respectively, as for the energy gap, its values were (3.067 eV, 3.074 eV, and 3.16 eV) respectively, for CuNP, and (3.201 eV, 3.247 eV, and 3.28 eV) respectively for ZnNP. These findings have significant implications for various industrial and electronic applications involving these materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a co-precipitation method, this work created a nanocomposite of visible-light-driven core/shell Zn0.3Mn0.7Fe2O4 @AgVO3. Fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, "field emission scanning electron microscopy," "X-ray diffraction," "photoluminescence," "diffuse reflectance spectroscopy," "vibrating sample magnetometry," and transmission electron microscopy were among the analytical techniques used to study the nanocomposite's physicochemical properties. The photocatalytic activity (PCA) of the nanocomposite was evaluated in relation to the degradation of rhodamine-B (Rh B) by exposing it to visible light irradiation (VLI). The optimal core/shell Zn0.3Mn0.7Fe2O4@AgVO3 nanocomposite showed far more noticeable photocatalytic degradation than the naked AgVO3 after 180 minutes of light exposure. The nanocomposite exhibited approximately three times the photocatalytic degradation of the silver vanadate, in particular. It can be concluded that core/shell nanocomposite has a low recombination rate because of the lowered photoluminescence (PL) intensity. Consequently, this characteristic leads to an enhancement in the efficiency of separating photo-excited charge carriers. The experimental findings suggested that the core/shell Zn0.3Mn0.7Fe2O4@AgVO3 nanocomposite exhibit promising characteristics as suitable materials for the remediation of wastewater in industrial and urban environments around (99.9%). Furthermore, a plausible mechanism for the degradation of Rh B was studied, demonstrating the involvement of the generated hydroxyl radical (•OH) and superoxide radical anion (O2•–) radicals in the degradation process of Rh B on the aforementioned nanocomposite. The investigation of (TOC) and (COD) was conducted to examine the degradation process. Additionally, kinetic modelling was carried out for synthesized composite. The findings indicated that the synthesized core/shell structure method, specifically the combination of 90% wt AgVO3 and 10% wt ZnXMn(1-X) Fe2O4, exhibit remarkable degrading capabilities towards organic contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of nanomaterials, namely nanosilica, in the context of highway pavement materials. The objective of this research is to investigate the efficacy of nanosilica (NS) as a modifier for asphalt mixes. Using (2, 4, and 6%) percentages of NS by weight of bitumen, an asphalt binder with a penetration grade of 60/70 was used, and its penetration, softening point, rotational viscosity, and ductility values were all tested. The nanoparticles were incorporated into to the asphalt using a shear blender set at 2000 rpm and 160°C mixing temperature for 60 minutes. Also, additional laboratory studies were conducted before and after the modification to characterize the performance properties of the asphalt mixtures, such as the Marshall test, which was conducted on the modified mixture to assess the impact on the stability and flow, and indirect tensile strength tests (ITS) to compare and assess performance characteristics. The laboratory testing produced the results that insert 4% NS to the HMA improved the stability by 81.63%, reduced the flow by 8.3%, and increased the ITS by 88.9%. This means that the use of NS in mixtures enhances their characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensors in wireless sensor networks are smaller and more capable of detecting, communicating, and processing. These variables will influence the hundreds or thousands of different types of wireless sensor nodes. Information is distributed in these networks in the same way as it is distributed in ad hoc networks, namely from node to node. Semantics in this work are based on the information histories of sensor nodes as well as the information histories of nodes nearby. This shows that the extracted idea is based on the nearest neighbors in the historical periods; the neighbors were selected using a conceptual weighting based on semantic records, and the effect of their data interpretation was considered while selecting the neighbors. The findings demonstrate that the KNN (K-Nearest Neighbors) algorithm was able to detect the ideas of data exchange in the network with 98.82% accuracy. In this paper, an attempt is made to simulate the network and provide an optimal route for the transmission of packets by employing concepts related to the semantics of wireless sensor networks and the KNN algorithm, as well as the results in terms of energy consumption, lifetime, and network coverage. The simulation was performed on a was coded using MATLAB version 2021a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global adhesive industry is expected to increase, owing to growing demand in construction industry. The cementitious tile adhesives (CTAs) are widely used worldwide, and are an important group of construction products intended to install ceramic covering for internal and external purposes. Ceramic tiles are commonly used on all continents. The purpose of this work is to prepare new cementitious tile adhesives with good mechanical properties and study the effect of adding polypropylene fibers (PP) on the mechanical properties of these tile adhesives, such as: adhesion strength in different conditions: a. initial adhesion strength b. adhesion strength after water immersion c. adhesion strength after aging with heat as well as shear adhesion strength and slip resistance. Polypropylene fibers with (6 mm) length and aspect ratio (l/d = 44.9) were added for two different mixtures concluded from different researches, for both mixtures the ratio of fibers was (0 - 0.25 – 0.50 – 0.75 wt. (%)). The results of two different mixtures before adding fibers show tensile adhesion strength within (C2> 1 N/mm2) level while they show decreasing in the mechanical properties for the same mixtures included fibers with a good improvement in the slip resistance result. The result of adhesion strength reveals that the adhesion strength decreases with increasing fibers addition but somewhat better result with (0.50 wt.) than other ratios in all test conditions. Shear adhesion strength shows good result with (0.25 - 0.5 wt. (%)), while decreasing in shear adhesion strength with (0.75 wt. (%)). Slip resistance result shows good improvement in slip resistance level with the continued addition of polypropylene fibers (PP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New simple rapid and high sensitive Spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of cobalt (II) using a new synthesized Schiff's base reagent: (E)-3-((2-aminophenylimino) methyl) naphthalin-2-ol) (BNOPD), which was characterized by IR, HNMR. The proposed method based on the reaction of Co (II) with reagent to from an orange colored complex in a basic medium using borate buffer at pH=12.2, with absorption maximum at 480nm. The solubility of formed complex was enhanced by using cationic surfactant (cetylpyredinium chloride, CPC). Different factors affecting the formation of complex were investigated. the method was linear over concentration range between 0.05-0.60 µg/mL of Co (II) with molar absorptivity and sandell's sensitivity 0.9×104 L. mol-1.cm-1 and 0.0065 µg cm-2 respectively. the proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of Co (II) in synthetic water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a rapid increase in population growth every year and this has led to the need to ensure transportation is available to allow humans to meet their life needs and conduct daily activities easily. One of the fastest-growing modes of transportation in Aceh is the motorcycle. However, the increase in its ownership is observed not to be matched with the traffic safety awareness required to be owned by the users, leading to an increase in the number of accidents. The report by the WHO (2018) also showed that 74% of the number of deaths of road users in Indonesia was linked to motorcyclists. Therefore, this study aims to identify personal characteristics, unsafe and aggressive driving behavior, and feelings of anxiety concerning traffic safety among motorcycle users in Banda Aceh City. Data were collected in Banda using "self-reporting" instrument developed in the form of questionnaire distributed to 300 respondents. Moreover, the Multivariate confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to analyze the causal relationship between personal characteristics, unsafe and aggressive driving behavior, and feelings of anxiety concerning traffic safety. The results showed that errors and violations had a significant effect on driving safety at 0.146 and 0.453, respectively. This simply means that driving errors and violations contribute significantly to unsafe behavior and this was subsequently concluded to be one of the factors causing motorcycle accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper studies the possibilities of measuring urine flow and volume for the purpose of making these factors a monitoring tool by developing a portable and uncomplicated device without any difficulty or glitches in learning how to use it. Traditional urine flow measurement, often performed in clinical settings, hospitals, or medical centers, can be considered a worrying experience for patients and noisy to their comfort and privacy. This study explores the concept of a urine flow at home by analyzing its advantages in terms of patient comfort and not transgression in any way on their psychological factor. In this paper, we explain the design of our proposed device and its functions by focusing on its portability and simple affordability to suit all class categories worldwide. In addition, by making urine flow measurements available in the familiar environment of patients' homes, our proposed innovative design aims to enable individuals to monitor their urinary health. So that there are no problems with the urinary system as the earlier the patient discovers his illness, the less it worsens. It should also be recalled that the potential benefits go beyond convenience, which may reduce the burden of the healthcare system and promote a sense of self-management among patients. This study contributes to the development of home urology instruments by paving the way for further research and probably near-future clinical applications. This systematic review examines the variability in uroflowmetry readings across different studies, and the best result sensor that could used for accurate measurement is the load cell sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial diseases are common conditions that may develop day by day. It may appear due to several factors, including genetics, nerve neuritis, and environmental influences, such as pollution and the sun exposure. Changes in hormone levels, use of inappropriate skin products, stress and life pressures, and nutrient deficiencies can also be other causes. Hence, early diagnosis of these conditions is essential to prevent further complications. Using a computer vision system based on artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to determine gender, origins, freckles, and Bell's paralysis is of great importance in early diagnosis and providing sufficient information about the patient's condition in real-time, thus reducing the time for diagnosis. Five artificial intelligence algorithms will be evaluated the performance in this study which is three algorithms based on machine learning using K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine(SVM). And two algorithms for deep learning namely Visual Geometry Group-(VGG16) and Vision Transformer-(ViT), with 20 epochs training. The results of the same dataset show that ViT has the highest overall performance among other algorithms used in this study, achieving impressive accuracy rates of 99.4% for gender recognition, 97.2% for origins classification, 99.5% for Bell's paralysis detection, and 96.8% for freckles detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review paper finely analyzes eye-to-text communication and explores the development and evaluation of an advanced eye-controlled communication system. The study focuses on the algorithms for eye tracking and gaze estimation, the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), and the training process for converting eye movements into textual output. The article highlights Computer Vision (CV) algorithms utilized for real-time eye tracking and gaze estimation, emphasizing the robustness and accuracy of the algorithms. The authors detail the techniques employed, including pupil detection, iris segmentation, and gaze estimation, highlighting their effectiveness in capturing and analyzing eye movements. Moreover, the article discusses challenges faced during training that provide insights into potential improvements for future work. The review paper presents comprehensive experimental results, including ANN comparisons with existing methods such as gaze estimation error and user satisfaction, thoroughly assessing the system's capabilities. The system enables users to express themselves and interact with digital devices more independently, enhancing the Quality of Life (QoL) for individuals with limited motor abilities. This review aims to pinpoint the deficiencies left unaddressed by researchers, including issues such as head motion, low illumination, low-resolution cameras, and user fatigue. These identified shortcomings emphasize the pressing demand for eye-to-text communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The task of recognizing and categorizing vehicles in videos and images as objects poses a considerable challenge in terms of appearance-based representation. However, it holds great importance in the practical implementation of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), particularly in real-time applications. The fast advancement of deep learning has resulted in an increasing need within the computer vision field for the development of efficient, robust, and outstanding services across diverse domains. This paper provides an extensive analysis of various methodologies for vehicle detection and classification, along with their utilization in real-time targets, estimating the density of traffic, and related domains through the implementation of Deep Learning techniques. The major findings of our survey highlight crucial insights obtained from an extensive analysis of existing literature, shedding light on the current state-of-the-art techniques. Through a comprehensive review of deep learning methodologies, performance metrics, benchmark datasets, and a comprehensive exploration of the challenges encountered, our survey offers valuable contributions to the field. By synthesizing and presenting the collective knowledge in this domain, our paper serves as a key resource for researchers and practitioners alike, providing a holistic understanding of the advancements and challenges in vehicle identification and categorization within deep learning architectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An artificial neural network approach is presented in this article to simulate a fault detection scheme and classify the fault type of distribution lines. A new approach that combines neural network modules with digital logic provides the protection technology's fault detection and classification abilities. Inputs used for the proposed training design were samples from 3-phase voltage and current, voltage with current during the zero sequences, and angle during the negative sequence. The network has been trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Digital logic with artificial intelligence was used to make an accurate final classification decision. The data for the distribution line was generated with simulation MATLAB (11-kilo volt). The work with an integrated system has been tested. The findings demonstrated that the artificial neural network performance is outstanding and accurate, given that it can classify various faults. This can be seen from the training results, where the confusion matrix showed the results of 91.7%, and the training regression level was one or very close to it, while the mean square error was very low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre- and post-Earthquake warning system are essential for saving living, reducing and preventing the damage of landslides. WSNs are a high-potential innovation that has been successfully implemented in many real-time applications, especially landslide monitoring. This paper proposes a low-cost earthquake warning system that can detect earthquake events and monitor the status of buildings in real-time using LoRa (long-range) technology in addition to monitoring the reliability of the communication system. The vibration sensor (sw-420) and accelerometer sensor (ADXL 345) are connected to Arduino UNO, and the data collected by Arduino are sent through the LoRa transmitter module. Then, it was received through another Arduino UNO that was equipped with a LoRa receiver module. Several cases are adopted on the Electrical Engineering Technical College site with different parameters and communication paths (LOS & NLOS) to analyze the communication reliability between transmitter and receiver sides in addition to the packet received ratio. The results showed that the system is more reliable for detecting earthquakes, especially with an LOS communication system with RSSI less than -148dBm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease is a degenerative condition that greatly affects the population, especially the elderly. The main cause is the gradual death of melanocytes in the brain, which produces dopamine and transmit nerve signals during motor and cognitive activities. The disease has various symptoms, including motor and non-motor, which appear after the level of dopamine in the melanocytes reaches less than 40% of its normal levels. Early detection of the disease is crucial to prevent patients from reaching catastrophic stages that affect their quality of life. Artificial intelligence technologies, such as machine learning, deep learning, and the Internet of Things (IOT), provide important benefits in predicting, detecting, and tracking disease progression. This review examines previous literature on AI techniques and their use in finding successful solutions to reduce disease progression. Researchers focused on prediction and early detection using medical technologies such as brain MRI scans. In contrast, others focused on clinical symptoms such as acoustic measurements, gait analysis, and electroencephalography, in addition to exploiting IOT technologies to track disease progression. All studies used approved criteria to test the efficiency of the models. proposed classifications, such as classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, to determine their effectiveness in controlling the disease. The review findings highlight the status of intelligent systems and models proposed in the literature and identify their advantages, disadvantages, difficulties, and potential paths forward. These cutting-edge monitoring and prediction systems have the potential to transform the treatment of Parkinson's disease and provide invaluable assistance to patients and medical professionals, if technological advances continue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurological disease that affects the nervous system of the human body. Parkinson's disease is considered a silent disease that does not show symptoms at the beginning of the patient's infection with the disease. Therefore, the diagnosis of the disease is very late, perhaps after months or even years. Hence, treating and controlling the disease is a challenge, so early detection is crucial to improving the quality of life and treatment of patients on the one hand and the possibility of recovery on the other hand. This research proposes a model based on Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. This model uses peoples' voice measurements collected and obtained from the Kaggle dataset (for, where 195 audio recordings were examined, to determine whether they have the disease or not. The proposed model was used to classify 1,000 important patient features. Neural Networks, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), Gradient Boosting (GB), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Decision Trees (DT) were among the machine learning methods used. With a classification accuracy of 95.5%, the MLP algorithm outperformed other methods that achieved lower classification accuracy, as the RF algorithm achieved a classification accuracy of 88.4%, LR achieved 87.7%, GB 91.5%, KNN 86%, and DT achieved classification accuracy, reached 86.8%, according to the data. This work provides the option of creating a model by comparing several ML algorithms, selecting the most accurate one for classification, and using acoustic measurement analysis to identify PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Runoff occurs during different time periods after sporadic rainstorms in arid and semi-arid environments, which are characterized by highly variable rainfall rates and unpredictable periods of drought or floods. It should be noted that the problem with this research is that the exact amount of runoff in Al-Battikha Valley is unknown. Using water flow equations, a solution and understanding of this quantity was obtained. Therefore, the main purpose of this research was to evaluate the overall hydrological conditions and runoff amount of watersheds in Al-Battikha Valley basin. It is one of the largest valleys in Western Sahara. One of the most important results is that the rapid intervention model has proven to be a good tool for providing a platform for the hydrological cycle and showing the elements and variables affecting it in the region. HRUs are grouped land areas within a sub basin that are created by applying a slope, LULC layer, and soil layer containing different cutoff points to define individual, homogeneous, and distinct areas. Using the necessary data and the SWAT model from the ensemble (soil type, slope, LULC), the SWAT model separates each sub-basin into the lowest possible level, which is assumed to be a geographically homogeneous unit with respect to area. The average annual water volume is about 0.0393 m3, and the average annual stream flow is 0.0125 m3/s. Based on surface runoff, the estimated water volume was 0.0389 m3. There is variation in the average annual water volume that is determined by runoff and discharge as a result. Not all runoff water reaches or ends in the mainstream, and it is a bit steep. Further valleys and holes see less drainage than surface water flow. Peak runoff in Al-Battikha Valley basin is mostly observed from November through March, which is the winter season [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piled raft foundations offer an advantage of reduced settlement when the raft itself possesses adequate bearing capacity. This paper explores optimal pile arrangements to minimize settlement in uniformly loaded piled rafts. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed using ABAQUS/CAE 2022. The model incorporates 3D brick elements for the raft, piles, and soil continuum, with the soil behavior simulated as elastoplastic. The study investigated various cases involving different raft dimensions, shapes, and pile numbers. The results indicate that strategically arranged piles can achieve an average settlement reduction of up to 20% in piled rafts. In most cases, the optimal pile group area to raft area ratio ranged from 50% to 70%. Additionally, the results suggest that distributing piles within the central 5% to 14% of the raft area can significantly reduce differential settlement to near-zero values. In most cases, the optimal pile group area to raft area ratio ranged from 53% to 82%, which corresponds to the observed average settlement reduction of up to 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia's Takaful industry is the second largest outside the Arab region. Takaful is one of Malaysia's Islamic finance industry sectors. Takaful has experienced remarkable growth since its inception in the 1980s. However, penetration of Takaful among Malaysian consumers remains modest despite the industry's expansion. Several previous studies have examined the extent of Takaful penetration among public sector employees. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the adoption of Takaful, with a focus on secondary school teachers as respondents. This paper aims to investigate the factors influencing the adoption of Takaful among secondary school teachers in Sungai Petani, Kedah. The focus of the study will be on a number of determinants of Takaful adoption, including word-of-mouth (WOM) promotion, awareness and knowledge of Takaful, the roles of mass media, and the performance of Takaful operators. Stratified sampling will be utilized to acquire respondents progressively. This study collected primary data from 120 secondary school teachers in Sungai Petani, Kedah, via questionnaires that were distributed to them. The data were analyzed by multiple linear regression method using SPSS 23.0. This study's findings point out that all hypotheses were substantiated. Furthermore, promotion by word-of-mouth and the roles of mass media have the greatest impact on the level of Takaful adoption among secondary school teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective source of financing plays a role among micro enterprises because it can help micro-enterprises survive, function, and grow in their business. This shows that the type of financing resources needed to drive the productivity growth of micro-enterprises to build and promote the rural financial system is needed to drive the overall growth of the economy in Malaysia. Microenterprises suffer from a lack of resources because small firms and involved in the start-up stage, and lenders are not interested in providing financing for this group. The problem of this study is that access to financing sources is one of the main obstacles to the development of micro-enterprises to build a successful business. The main objective of this study is to examine the probability between financing problems and entrepreneurial skills that have the highest influence on funding sources. The study respondents consisted of managers of micro-enterprises who do business in the Batu Pahat District area. The research conducted is quantitative by using questionnaire instruments for the purpose of data collection. A total of 118 people were made as respondents and the data obtained will be analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.0 software. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and binary logistic regression. The results of the study found that financing problems and entrepreneurial skills affect funding sources with a moderate degree of tendency. In addition, the results of this study also found that the probability ratio of micro-enterprises with entrepreneurial skills will have a better advantage in influencing effective funding sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of cancer that develops in the human colon and rectum. The body's cells proliferating out of control, which is the cause of colorectal cancer, results in these symptoms. Nevertheless, there is still disagreement on the precise signs of a high-risk CRC. The linear regression model struggles with erroneous and ambiguous data. Because the idea of fuzzy set theory can deal with data that does not refer to a precise point value, fuzzy machine learning, a new hybrid linear fuzzy regression with symmetric parameter clustering with a support vector machine model (FLRWSPCSVM), is used in this study to predict the high-risk symptoms causing the development of colorectal cancer in Malaysia (uncertainty data). After analysing secondary data from 180 colorectal cancer patients who underwent treatment in a general hospital, 25 separate symptoms with diverse combinations of variable types were considered in the analysis. Together with the model's parameters, errors, and justifications, two statistical measurement errors were also included. The least values of mean square error (MSE) are 100.605 and root mean square error (RMSE) is 10.030 for FLRWSPCSVM, which were determined to be ovarian and a history of cancer symptoms to be the high-risk symptom for developing colorectal cancer. To monitor and control the high-risk symptoms that can affect colon cancer and lower patient mortality, the hospitality industry could also benefit from this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a 2×2 multiband MIMO antenna array design with a partial ground plane for 5G applications. The design consists of two identical L-shaped wings patch antennae arranged orthogonally. The proposed design achieved a frequency band from 12 to 41GHz and maximum bandwidth of 2GHz. In terms of performance, the proposed design demonstrated a total gain of 8dB with a return loss of -10dB which is lower across all bands. Similarly, the 2b2 MIMO antenna array design has an Envelope Correlation Coefficient of 0.3 and a Total Active Reflection Coefficient of 1. This elucidated good isolation between the two elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary goal of Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is exploring and understanding data in order to gain insights and guide for further analysis. It allows for data cleaning which involves removing redundancies, handling missing values, correcting errors and transforming data if necessary as it is an important part of overall data preparation process. The aim of this study is to conduct a preliminary study before applying the survival method of analysis to censored lung cancer observations. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve, proportional hazard assumption, time varying covariate assumption via Scaled Schoenfeld residuals, Cox-Snell residuals for overall goodness of fit of the model assumption, and normality assumption via quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plot were all used in this study. The study discovered that the lung cancer censored observations were not violated with the parametric assumption among semi-parametric, and non-parametric assumptions. Thus, future work is recommended to include a comparison of the parametric method of survivals using the lung cancer data. The application of survival analysis would be ambiguous and mislead the researcher if the fundamental part of survival being left out. As a result, this study may aid in identifying appropriate assumptions for prior application on the survival analysis of censored observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel and simple ecofriendly method was described for preparation of carbon active (AC) and AC/ZnO nanocomposite from data (date cores) extract by vaccum furance at 700 °C for adsorption of toxic. The method succeeded to preparation of active carbon (CA) because the renewable and inexpensive by ecofriendly method. Activated carbon were characterization by X-ray diffraction analysis, filed emission scanning electron microscopy analysis FE-SEM, and fourier transform infrared spectrum for structure properties FTIR. XRD measurements explained the crystalline size (90) nm with (hexagonal) structure (hematite) for (AC) NPs using (date cores) extract. FE-SEM showed the particle size of (AC) NPs using (date cores) extract were (26 to 202 nm) nm, respectively. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis determined at the average grain size the activated carbon/ZnO for the (date cores) extract value from (45) nm. The absorption peak strong of the activated carbon/ZnO nanocomposite is 895 cm−1 by FTIR spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to study and analyze the climatic characteristics that affect human comfort through the garlic equation so that we can determine the months with the ideal tourist climate for the city of Khanaqin. It represented the presence of the study area and its borders and its tourism components in addition to its climatic characteristics and the third axis. The climatic elements of the city of Khanaqin were analyzed using the garlic equation, the results were reviewed and analyzed, and appropriate recommendations were made to reach the ideal tourist climate. Climatic table show the final results of applying garlic's equation to the climatic elements. The research concluded with a set of conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which is the presence of more than one month, which is considered a suitable tourist climate for tourism. Tourists can visit the city of Khanaqin and enjoy its tourist areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of security and achieving a sense of safety for the population is one of the most important goals that all countries of the world, governments, and civil society organizations pursue to achieve, because of the great importance and impact of this topic on the stability of these countries and their economic, social and cultural development, where most major cities, which witnessed rapid breadth and expansion of their urban fabric, suffer from the emergence of many problems, on top of which is a crime of all kinds. This may be due to the bad methods used in spatial planning, which neglected the fulfillment of the different needs of the population. Hence, the research problem is the clarity of the relationship between spatial planning of land use and security enhancement and reducing the chances of crime in Iraqi cities. So, specify the purpose of the search to clarify the relationship between the concepts of spatial planning and urban security to reach the most important planning indicators that will enhance urban security and reduce the incidence of crimes in the future. As the research assumes: that spatial planning can have an effective role in raising the level of security and reducing crime in Iraqi cities; in order to achieve the goal of the research, the concept of urban security and security was addressed, and the spatial planning and its role in achieving urban security, and then the most important planning indicators to reduce crime were reached, which were represented by indicators next :(Population and housing density, mixing in land use, environment Residential And lighting in roads and streets). And after applying the indicators to the study area, which is the city of Baghdad, which is the largest city in recording the incidence of various crimes in Iraq, the most important results of the study were that the city of Baghdad suffers from a sharp rise in population and housing densities and an acute shortage of open and green urban spaces in the residential environment, which led to making them polluted and unsafe residential environments, in addition to the spread of public, commercial centers within the shops and residential areas. And the lack of interest in maintaining street lighting, which acts as a psychological deterrent to the criminal and prevents them from thinking about crime Where most areas of the city of Baghdad suffer from the spread of dark streets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hot Mixtures Asphaltic plants are one of the most prominent engines of the construction wheel in the country, as they are the only source for supplying Road construction and maintenance projects with asphaltic concrete. Since the country is now going through a reconstruction stage, so, Asphalt waste is generated in Iraq in gigantic proportions due to a large part of its roads undergoing reconstruction. Therefore, selecting the optimal site for these plants, depending on the criterion for recycling this waste in addition to other criteria, has significant impacts on the long-running economical, environmental, social, and institutional aspects. This paper aims to select the most suitable site out of the four sites for the construction of the HMA plant for paving projects and maintenance of roads in the Al-Hur district / Karbala Province in particular and an explanation of the role of sustainability in this selection. These sites are: Industrial Zone of Razzaza, Industrial Zone of Al-Sharia, Industrial Zone of Khan Al-Rubue, and Industrial Zone of Husseiniya. To achieve this aim, a set of quantitative and qualitative sustainability criteria were employed with their relative importance and used to build a mathematical model according to the basics of linear programming. The mathematical model was solved using the POM-QM program. Where, when applying this model to the four industrial areas, it was found that the best site in terms of cost would be in the Industrial Zone of Razzaza This work guides decision-makers in the asphalt industry to assess the optimal and sustainable selection for the sites of Hot Mix Asphaltic plants in Iraq in light of current necessity for road projects and maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the excess use of air conditioning systems led to significantly increase the demand for electric power in the household sector. Therefore, to decrease energy consumption, it can use an Earth-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE); it has been demonstrated to be promising method for heating and cooling applications. In this paper, simulation study was performed using ANSYS FLUENT 19.0 (CFD) program as a numerical analysis on the impact of different pipe shape and air velocity on the performance according to the climatic conditions of Baghdad-Iraq in the summer and winter seasons. The pipes shapes in EAHE system that were used are spiral, wave and straight at the same length and diameter, and it has been studied their impact on performance at different speeds (5, 10 and 15 m / s). The results of numerical analysis showed that the shape of pipes and velocity of inlet air have an effect for the temperature of outlet air and performance of EAHE. Through the results obtained, it was found that the shape of straight tube presents the best performance compared to the other two shapes of spiral and wave. Therefore, the better performance for EAHE can be achieved on operating the system at low air velocity together with straight shape for the exchanger pipe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a numerical technique to calculate the buckling load of thin rectangular functionally graded (FG) plates. The non-homogeneous physical properties of the material are thought to change as a power function through the thickness of the plate. The numerical solution is carried out with the finite element program ABAQUS; the plates are modeled and analyzed using two different mechanical loadings-uniaxial and biaxial compression forces. The effect of various power of functionally graded material, a different side-to-thickness ratio, and some length-to-width ratios on the critical buckling load are studied and discussed. The plate has arbitrary boundary constraints along its opposing edges and is simply supported along the other opposite sides. By contrasting the current results with those found in the literature, it is demonstrated that the present numerical solution is extremely accurate. It is observed that the critical buckling load decreases by about 72.8 % when the power index factor is increased from 0 to 20 for the SFSF boundary condition. Also, there is an increase of about 85.1% of buckling load when the boundary condition of the FGM plate changed from SFSF to SCSC at a/b=1 and a/h=100. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructed wetland systems (CWs) have been widely used for treating a variety of wastewater from different sources such as domestic, industrial, and agricultural. They also could offer a robust solution for wastewater treatment, especially within rural areas and small communities, due to their excellent efficiency in removing different pollutants and lower cost and operating requirements compared to conventional treatment systems. However, these successful systems implementation and sustainable operations remain challenging. Hence, it is necessary to provide a comprehensive review of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment for better understanding. This paper presents a summary of the constructed wetland definition and its classification. The design and operation parameters, and at last, the cost, was discussed. The overall outcome of this research is that constructed wetland systems could offer a robust solution for wastewater treatment, especially within rural areas and small communities. In addition, implementing this project on a broader scale could result in new water resources being used for irrigation and other usages. At last, this paper promotes conducting further research on wastewater treatment with pilot or full-scale constructed wetlands to reach a better understanding and conviction of its performance and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores a specific category of analytic functions defined by a generalised fractional operator. The class to be studied is the strongly close-to-convex functions involving Hadamard products. The second and third terms of the coefficients are determined and coefficient problems of the Fekete-Szegö functional are solved. Methods used in defining a class and solving problems include convolutions, equating functional coefficients, and basic calculus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]