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In this paper we present an application of two Computational Intelligence Algorithms, namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm and Differential Evolution (DE) for finding and optimal solution to two optimization problems that occur in a paper industry. The first problem deals with the economic optimization of a hypothetical but realistic Kraft pulping process and in the second problem we have considered the optimization of Boiler load allocation problem. Both the problems form an integral part of paper making process. The simulation results show the efficiency and time effectiveness of DE and PSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper soap is currently in great demand by the public because it is easy to carry everywhere. In the process, solid soap is printed as thin as paper. This paper soap will dissolve and produce foam when exposed to water. This study aims to synthesize the paper soap product against the effect of variations in the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). PVA serves as an adhesive and forms a thin layer (film). The raw material for making soap is virgin coconut oil and NaOH as a basic soap. Basic soap is mixed with glycerin, ethylene glycol, silicone oil, olive oil, aloe vera, and perfume. After that, the mixture was added with polyvinyl alcohol with various concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 percent solution. The processed soap material is then poured into a flat mold with a thickness of 0.5 mm and 1 mm. The paper soap produced was tested for water content, free fatty acids, pH and antibacterial activity test. The test results showed that the best paper soap was obtained when using a 5 percent PVA solution. The results are in accordance with the requirements of SNI 3532:2016 solid soap with a moisture content of 12%, free fatty acids 1.5%, pH 9.6 and the value of inhibition diameter on the antibacterial activity test 18.7 mm, the value stability of foam of 94% with a thickness of 0.5 mm soap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drape is a fabric's ability to deform when suspended under its weight in specified conditions of known size using a Drape Meter. The Drape Coefficient % (DC%) is calculated by taking the weight of paper cut out based on the shadow of the fabric. A fabric property is very important in relating to the behavior of drapes and these factors were determined by earlier researchers in developing a tool to measure drape. The Cusiks's Drape Meter was the first equipment that used the principle of shadow in reflecting the drape behavior and later on calculating the DC%. The principle introduced by Cusick has been used by a lot of researchers to determine DC% more accurately using computer captured images. In recent years, a lot of research has moved forward using software to calculate the DC% by incorporating the values of fabric properties to create an image for the drape. A lot of work on comparing the values of DC% using conventional and simulated/virtual methods was published. The usage of particular software can predict the DC% before the actual production of fabrics. Prediction can be made based on physical properties needed on particular fabrics to be produced and thus saving a lot of time and giving more choices in fabrics selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computational thinking is a way of thinking for problem solving and is one of the basic skills of the 21st century that is very important to be applied in science learning as an effort to prepare for disruption in the industrial era 4.0 and society 5.0. This study aims to find a new method that has proven its effectiveness to apply problem solving skills. The Research and Development (R and D) method with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation and Evaluation) was carried out to develop a Problem Project Based Learning (PPjBL) model with a Computational Thinking (CT) approach based on CoSpaces-Edu Paper Cube Augmented Reality. This research has produced a product in the form of a Problem Project Based Learning (PPjBL) model with a Computational Thinking (CT) approach based on CoSpaces-Edu Paper Cube Augmented Reality which has been validated by experts on very feasible and effective criteria to be applied as a science learning design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moodle-based Learning Management Systems have been widely used in learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially in Indonesia. In this regard, this study aims to identify and describe the implementation of the Whole Language Approach in improving the ability to write simple scientific papers for students at PGRI Yogyakarta University through the Moodle-based Learning Management System. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative with data in the form of descriptions of the results of research implementation supported by observations, interviews, theoretical studies, and relevant research. The results of this study indicate an increase in the ability to write student scientific papers in the experimental class after using the Whole Language Approach through Moodle-based LMS in learning to write. Several aspects that were assessed were structure, systematics, language use, content coherence, and references used. This increase is indicated by the test numbers before and after the use of the Whole Language Approach through the Moodle-based LMS with mean values of 6.5 to 8.8 in the experimental class, and 6.7 to 7.1 in.the control class. This shows that the use of the Whole Language Approach through Moodle-based LMS is proven to improve students' ability to write simple scientific papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the possibility of removing residual optical brighteners in paper, caused by the migration of OBAs from commercially available papers through water during an instance of water damage. From the standpoint of conservation treatment, this OBA removal experiment was conducted in the hope of providing a treatment method for the removal of OBAs as a reference point for the conservation community. This study presents an example case of removing offset OBAs, and the results of the removal experiment are discussed in order to explore the feasibility of the proposed treatment method. The results demonstrated that the removal of offset OBAs using a compatible conservation treatment is feasible. A combination of daylight bleaching with alkaline water and aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is recommended, and the time of exposure to sunlight should be shortened as much as possible if performed on a bright, sunny day. However, performing such treatment on the actual cultural artefact will require careful assessment with regards to necessity and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text is a preface to the Proceedings of the International Conference on Mathematics and its Scientific Applications (ICMSA 2022). The conference took place on March 3-4, 2022, at the Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The conference was organized by the Department of Mathematics and was held online via the Zoom platform. The aim of the conference was to provide a platform for mathematicians and engineers to present new models in their respective fields. Around 200 research papers were received and 68 were selected for possible publication in the Scopus Indexed AIP proceedings. The editors of the AIP Conference Proceedings accepted the selected papers for publication. The preface expresses gratitude to the contributors, the conference organizers, and the advisory and technical committee members for their support and guidance. [Extracted from the article]

Lateral light scattering simulations of printed dots are analyzed using general radiative transfer theory. We investigated the appearance of a printed paper in relation to the medium parameters like thickness of the paper sample, its optical properties, and the asymmetry factor. It was found that the appearance of a print greatly depends on these factors making it either brighter or darker. A thicker substrate with higher single scattering albedo backed with an absorbing surface makes the dots brighter due to increased number of scattering events. Additionally, it is shown that the optical effects of print also depend on illuminating and viewing angles along with the depth of ink penetration. A larger single scattering angle implies less intensity and the dots appear much blurred due to the shadowing effect prominent when viewed from sides. A fully penetrated dot of the same extinction coefficient as a partial penetrated one is darker due to increased absorption. These results can be used in applications dealing with lateral light scattering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years, the technological progress in the field of wood polymer nanocomposites have played a significant role. It has been successfully overcome many disadvantages of wood product such as poor dimensional stability, poor mechanical strength, susceptibility and poor thermal stability. Due to the modification of softwood, we are able to find the substitution of costliest hardwood. In the addition of vinyl monomer and thermosetting resin with different cross linking reagents, we can easily develop the properties of wood. Due to its low cost and multi functionality softwood have a broad application in different fields of wood polymer nanotechnologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immediate methanol energy unit (DMFC) is the substitution of lithium-particle batteries in practically every one of the convenient electronic devices, in which current DMFCs work at double the force thickness of current lithium-particle batteries with moment refuel capability. It's realized that, the DMFC will give higher force densities, just if the center of this power module – the polymer electrolyte layer (PEM) – were more impervious to the fuel (methanol). In this way, the plan and improvement of Nafion® (the most ordinarily utilized PEM in energy components) substitutes that show high proton's conductivity and little methanol porousness (high selectivity) is a functioning space of examination. Polymer mixes are a humble and worthwhile strategy to advance layers that conjoin the ideal vehicle properties. Until now, there is fractional exploration in the space of PEM mixes, and besides, various uncertain inquiries. In this investigation, the properties of mix organization, science, and handling on polymer morphology and thereafter the vehicle properties and selectivity were analyzed. A significant impact in this investigation is correlation arrangement of cast films to warm squeezed layers. The last target is to coordinate with both the layers to furnish immiscible mixes with low selectivity, while likewise with the writing review tempered arrangement cast layers improved miscibility and thusly selectivity. The result with this examination is to discover the DMFC Execution of a strengthened arrangement cast mix layer of Nafion®/poly (vinyl liquor) (PVA) (with just 5 wt% PVA) was 33% higher than Nafion® (the business standard) at a high methanol fuel fixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the performances of cationic starch (CS) and sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (CMC-Na) as dry strength additives (DSA). The CS and CMC-Na were incorporated with to pulp slurry in different dosages (0.5%-2.0%) during stock preparation. The basic weight of 80 g/m2 was made for each treatment. The results showed that the utilization of CMC-Na had better mechanical properties compared to the CS for all treatments. In general, apparent density and mechanical properties were significantly affected by the addition of DSA. However, through the observation of the experiment, the enhancing effect of CMC-Na on mechanical properties of wastepaper was much higher than using CS except for tear strength. The FESEM imaging results can also help prove the best DSA used in wastepaper production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in water quality can be shown in physical, chemical and biological indicators. The presence of phytoplankton can be used as a bioindicator to evaluate changes in water quality and fertility in a water. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance and biological index of phytoplankton in the Ir.H. Djuanda Reservoir. The method used is a survey. Types of phytoplankton obtained in the results of the study consisted of 6 classes and 36 species. The average abundance of phytoplankton in the waters of the Ir. H. Djuanda ranged from 23809 – 98810 cells/l. The results of the analysis of diversity (H') = 1.78 – 2.53, uniformity index (E) = 0.62 – 0.8 and dominance index (C) = 0.12 – 0.28. These results indicate that the diversity of phytoplankton in the Ir. H. Djuanda has moderate diversity, high uniformity and no dominance. Based on the value of the diversity index, it shows that the reservoir is classified as lightly polluted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Block chain is one of the burning research topics which is fully decentralized digital procedure for data exchange in a secure and protective way. There are other names of the same technology in published literature like Distributed Ledger Technology etc. One of its very popular applications is bitcoin. In this paper mainly the comprehensive overview of healthcare in Block chain Technology has been discussed in details which secure the important medical data in the field of health care. It also accelerates the up gradation of medical record management, information claim procedure and bio medical research. In this paper, at first we have drawn attention on fundamental concepts of Block Chain and elaborated some relevant works which used Blockchain as the main technology for ensuring security. We have mainly focused on the papers published in past three to four years so that we can understand the research progress in this field. At the last, we have filtered those papers to find out the work progress in the field of health care only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 21st century people are habituated with using all kind of smart devices. Many researchers have been done in last decade to make the human life more comfortable and convenient. Smart devices play a vital role to ensure the comfort to our daily life and simultaneously it makes the system more energy efficient and accurate. In this paper the smart IoT based washing machine source of the supply comprises with three different segments: 1. Conventional power source, 2. Solar power, 3. Battery back-up that's why the prototype is named as Tribrid. The washing machine can consume electrical power for all the time whenever it requires. So, this prototype can easily solve the problem of interruption in power supply. Now, to make the motor more energy efficient brushless dc motor (BLDC) is used instead of using the conventional motor, this reduces the power consumption of the device when it is connected to the supply main. Application of Internet of Thing (IoT) makes the device smart. That means this prototype can be controlled or monitor from the remote location. The prototype is light in weight so it is portable too; this helps the consumer to move the device from any end of the house to anywhere. It is expected that this prototype will helps to reduce both the water and electrical energy consumption easily and the smartness will add some extra comfort to the consumer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this era of technology, online data is increasing enormously in various forms be it images, videos, texts, sound, etc. Now with increasing data, there arises the issue of storage and that's the time when Bigdata and its tools come into the picture. To analyze the big data and process it with the available traditional methods, becomes an extremely strenuous task. And to overcome this drawback, there are various big data tools and techniques available. Some of the techniques that are used to analyze big data are the techniques of data mining such as clustering, classification, division, and prediction. The tools that are used in analyzing the big data are MongoDB, NoSQL, HPCC, Apache Storm, Spark, Apache Hadoop, also these tools are used in handling big data. In this paper, analysis of big data tools and techniques has been done with different examples and instances. To understand the tools better, their summaries along with examples are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encryption techniques are important on the Internet. The challenges of color-coding are still hot topics. Many papers were published to develop encryption algorithms to prevent security attacks. Cryptography is the process of converting plaintext into ciphertext. It is classified into two types: symmetric encryption, which uses the same key for encryption and decryption processes; and asymmetric encryption, which uses private and public keys. Text to image color coding needs to encrypt text data into colors. Researchers proposed different techniques to implement this approach to safeguard text data against attacks. This work compares various types of text to image encryption and decryption techniques based on the RGB and CMYK color values and provides a comparison between them using various parameters such as application, program language, type of image, number of keys used, image dimension used, encryption and decryption processing time, advantage and disadvantage, image size used, evaluation measures, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bitcoin in the last decade, has become increasingly popular as a form of electronic currency. This paper aims to review the status and visual map position of research in the internationally Bitcoin studies indexed Scopus that used a bibliometric positioning overview. The research was carried out using bibliometric techniques. Data analysis as well as visualization utilizing VOS Viewer program and the Scopus function for analyze search results. In this review, the details collected applied to 3,281 documents issued from 2011 through 2019. The study reveals that Bouri, E. and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Studies were the most active individual scientists and affiliated institutions in Bitcoin studies. In bitcoin studies, the Computer Science and Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes In Artificial Intelligence And Lecture Notes In Bioinformatics were the most areas of study and dissemination sources. There were one worldwide group maps with collaborative researchers. In order to identify the body of knowledge created from eight years of publication, this study constructed a convergence axis grouping comprising of bitcoin studies: Bitcoin, E-Finance, Blockchain, Privacy, Cybercrime, Computation, and Systems, abbreviated as the theme BFBPCCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and economical method has been used to grow macroscopically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) paper for device application. Synthesized paper has been characterized by different experimental techniques namely SEM, TEM, Raman and UV-Vis spectroscopy respectively. Besides these, temperature dependent electrical studies of rGO paper have also been carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fourier Transform Raman and infrared spectra of cheque paper document have been recorded and analyzed. The wavenumbers corresponding to normal modes of vibration of cellulose were calculated at HF/6-31G(d) level for comparison with the cheque paper sample. The appearance of a carbonyl stretching band at 1654 cm-1 clearly shows that the cheque paper is subjected to ageing. The broadening of O[Single_Bond]H stretching wavenumber confirms the presence of inter and intra molecular O[Single_Bond]H...O Hydrogen bonds. Also the presence of Kaolin and Rosin are unambiguously identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Conference on Smart Grid & Electric Vehicle (ICSGEV2023) was held in April 2023 in hybrid mode, organized by the Department of EEE at Hindustan Institute of Technology & Science in collaboration with the Royal Academy of Engineering, UK and the University of Leeds, UK. The conference featured various sessions, keynote speeches, and paper presentations on topics related to smart grid and electric vehicle technologies. Over 137 papers were received, with 110 accepted for presentation and publication in the AIP conference proceedings. The conference aimed to foster collaboration and innovation in the fields of smart grid and electric vehicles to address energy and transportation challenges. [Extracted from the article]

Many environmental damages are caused by humans, one of which is environmental damage due to waste. Waste is the residue of daily human activities. Almost all human activities produce waste, be it activities in residential areas, offices, and even activities on campus. Hasanuddin University is one of the campuses with various faculty buildings and offices that carry out various types of activities and produce various types of waste. The Faculty of Pharmacy is a faculty with a new building at Hasanuddin University. Waste management carried out by the faculty includes packaging, collection, and transportation. In contrast, waste processing is carried out, including composter, selling paper waste to waste banks, and burning dry leaf waste. To carry out good, organized, and proper waste management based on SNI 19-2454-2002, good operational waste management is needed. From the results of research and calculation of waste generation carried out under SNI-19-3964-1994, the largest composition of waste produced by the Pharmacy Faculty Building is plastic waste by 31% then followed by organic waste by 26%. The waste generation generated is 0.026 kg/person/day or 0.777 l/person/day. The waste management plan at the Faculty of Pharmacy Building is sorting, containerization, temporary collection, and transportation. For waste processing that is carried out is a composter, a plastic chopping machine, and a pyrolysis machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internet has revolutionized the system of retail shopping. People now get all the products under one roof without even visiting the store. Everything has become a one-touch process. Customers place their orders over online platform and receive the products within 7 to 8 days. Though the door delivery of goods is very useful for modern consumers, it has given rise to some serious environmental challenges due to the excessive usage of plastics. To pack the products ordered online needs a whole leap of plastic wrap, bubble sheet, thermocol sheet and the list of packaging waste is endless. Products like corrugated bubble sheet, green wrap, indented kraft paper can be focused on as eco-friendly alternatives for this ecological damage. Though there is room for sustainable modules in the fashion industry, there must be companies and people willing to take up the new ideals. Here an attempt is made to develop a cushioning material from fabric and compare its properties with bubble wrap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In cases where the country's economy is preparing for complete digitalization, the agro-industrial complex asks for a significant "reset", considering the existing threats and opportunities. This implies the diversification of academic papers with an emphasis on digital technologies, specialist training capable of working in agriculture and the processing industry on modern equipment using specialized software. The authors highlight and analyze the main trends, the focus on which will speed up the transformation of research, innovation and educational processes. The above is also true for the national projects and programs "Science and Universities", "Digital Economy", "Staff for the Digital Economy", and the departmental project "Digital Agriculture". The urgency of conducted studies and conclusions drawn by the authors is due to the following: modern agrarian science is a fusion of fundamental and applied academic and innovative research to enter the global agenda and respond to existing challenges. Therefore, agrarian science should be provided with experts in various fields who are able to formulate and solve urgent problems to meet the global trends in the agricultural development. It is impossible to make predictions regarding the digitalization efficiency of agriculture without this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulp and paper making industry is looking for new main raw material based on its physical, chemical and morphological characteristics. Currently in this industry, bagasse is the most useful raw material in pulp and paper industry. The objective of this study is to determine its suitability for pulping. Acacia auriculiformis is a fast-growing tree normally found in Indonesia and Australia. Acacia auriculiformis leaf contains of cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin. The range of lignin content in Acacia auriculiformis is 19%-20%. The hemi-cellulose and lignin contents was removed by soda-pulping process using different concentrations as followed; 3%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. In order to determine the optimum pulping conditions for Acacia auriculiformis craft paper, several tests were conducted such as apparent density, tear test, tensile strength test and moisture absorption. It was found that the Acacia auriculiformis fibre treated with 3% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions gave good tear test of the paper. For apparent density test, the best concentration of NaOH used for treating Acacia auriculiformis pulping is at 15%. From the study, the optimum concentration of NaOH in treating Acacia auriculiformis fibre is at 5% for best result in tensile strength. Hence, from the overall tests, 5% concentration of NaOH is the optimum value. From the findings, Acacia auriculiformis fibre has a potential to be used in paper making and food packaging industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioethanol seems very potential to be an alternative energy substituting the fossil-based energy due to its renewable sources. Any sources containing carbohydrate (poly or mono) may be fermented into ethanol (bioethanol). This study aims to investigate the optimum conditions in the fermentation of used paper HVS hydrolysate to yield ethanol. The used paper HVS hydrolysate, produced from the hydrolysis of used paper HVS, was initially treated with a so-called detoxification stage to remove compounds hindering the fermentation process. The detoxification stage employed adsorptive separation with the aid of carbon (charcoal) activated with KOH and K2CO3 solution. The fermentation varied the types of microbes or yeast (i.e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhizopus oligosporus) and its concentration. Within the ranges of studied parameters, the optimum conditions to yield highest level of ethanol (0.436%) were activated carbon with KOH, yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and concentration of 3 g yeast/70 mL hydrolysate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of packing materials is an important factor to prolong the shelf life of food products, especially for perishable foods or produces. This research was conducted to determine the effect of packing materials (papers and plastics) on fresh Brazilian spinach leaves quality such as moisture content, water activity and total color difference (ΔΕ). The samples were stored at ambient temperature (25 °C) for 16 days. The moisture content and water activity of the samples were measure by moisture analyzer and water activity meter, respectively. The total color difference (ΔΕ) was calculated based on L*, a* and b* parameters. Generally, based on overall results, the packing materials significantly affected the quality of fresh Brazilian spinach leaves throughout 16 days of storage period. The results asserted that the paper materials are not suitable to use to pack fresh Brazilian spinach leaves for long period. It is also not recommended to use any paper material to pack fresh produce, especially perishable vegetables and fruits, in protecting their quality. The use of HDPE and PP plastics is recommended to prolong the shelf life of the fresh Brazilian spinach leaves. However, it has a limitation in controlling the changes of leaves color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper soap is an innovation in making soap. The form of paper soap is unique like thin sheets paper. The addition of natural compounds such as virgin coconut oil (VCO) and whey kefir in soap making could improve the quality of paper soap as herbal product. This research aims to determine the optimum formulation of herbal paper soap in three whey kefir mass composition 8%, 18% and 23%. The paper soap makes using a hot process with additional glycerin as a plasticizer. The characterization of herbal paper soap is using parameters tested of pH value, stability of foam, unsaponified fat, organoleptic test, and water content. The characteristic of paper soap has a thickness of 1 mm, smells good, and slightly yellowish. The best herbal paper soap is obtained for a composition of 8% with water content, unsaponified fat, pH, and foam stability 28%, 0.39%, 8 and 83% respectively. Therefore, the herbal paper soap with whey kefir of 8% has complied SNI no. 3532-2016 standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]