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Recently, geopolymer concrete has gained much attention among researchers due to its lesser carbon footprints and better mechanical properties compared to conventional concrete. Hence, this paper aims to evaluate the compressive strength behavior of high calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete that is prepared using high calcium fly ash collected from Manjung power plant in Perak Malaysia. The test parameters included alkaline activator to binder ratio (a/b), water to binder ratio (w/b), curing condition, and curing age. The results indicated that when the alkaline activator to binder ratio (a/b) and the water to binder ratio (w/b) increased, the compressive strength of high calcium fly ash decreased. It was also found that increasing the fly ash content resulted in higher compressive strength. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that oven curing at 65 °C for 24 hours increased the compressive strength by two times than that of the compressive strength of specimens cured using the ambient temperature of (25 °C ± 2 °C). In conclusion, this study revealed that high calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete can be potentially used in civil engineering applications with economic and environmental benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New product forecasting is a process that determines a reasonable estimate of sales attainable under a given set of conditions. There are several new products forecasting method in practices and Bass Diffusion Model (BDM) is one of the most common new product diffusion model used in many industries to forecast new product and technology. Hence, this paper proposed a combining BDM with Grey theory to forecast sales of new vehicle in Malaysia that certainly have limited data to build a model on. The aims of this paper is to examine the accuracy of different new product forecasting models and thus identify which is the best among the basic BDM and combining BDM with Grey theory. The results show that combining BDM with Grey theory performs better than the basic BDM based on in-sample and out-sample mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Results also reveals combining model forecast more effectively and accurately even with insufficient previous data on the new vehicle in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Malaysian government has put a greater attention on enhancing the productivity in Technical Vocational and Educational Training (TVET) sector to increase the development of a skilled workforce by the year 2020. The implementation of National Higher Education Strategic Plan (NHESP) in 2007 led to the changes in Malaysian Polytechnics sector. Thus, the study of efficiency and productivity make it possible to identify scope of improvement for the institution to perform in more efficient and effective manner. This paper aims to identify the efficiency and productivity of 24 polytechnics main campuses as in 2007. This paper applied bootstrapped Malmquist indices to investigate the effects of NHESP on the technical efficiency and changes in productivity in the Malaysian Polytechnics individually from the year 2007-2010. This method enables a more robust analysis of technical efficiency and productivity changes among polytechnics. The bootstrap simulation method is capable to identify whether or not the computed productivity changes are statistically significant. This paper founds that, the overall mean efficiency score demonstrate a significant growth. In addition, the sector as a whole has undergone positive productivity growth at the frontier during the post-NHESP period except in 2009-2010. The increase in productivity growth during post-NHESP was majorly led by technological growth. The empirical results indicated that during the post-NHESP period, the entire polytechnic showed significant TFP growth. This finding shows NHESP contribution towards the positive growth in the overall performance of the Malaysia's polytechnics sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates through soccer simulation the calculation of the probability for each team winning Malaysia Cup 2013. Our methodology used here is we predict the outcomes of individual matches and then we simulate the Malaysia Cup 2013 tournament 5000 times. As match outcomes are always a matter of uncertainty, statistical model, in particular a double Poisson model is used to predict the number of goals scored and conceded for each team. Maximum likelihood estimation is use to measure the attacking strength and defensive weakness for each team. Based on our simulation result, LionXII has a higher probability in becoming the winner, followed by Selangor, ATM, JDT and Kelantan. Meanwhile, T-Team, Negeri Sembilan and Felda United have lower probabilities to win Malaysia Cup 2013. In summary, we find that the probability for each team becominga winner is small, indicating that the level of competitive balance in Malaysia Cup 2013 is quite high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia has high density of shopping centers in the city. One famous spot for shopping is located at Petaling Jaya. It has few famous malls within a 10-km radius in the neighbourhood. Generally, about 10 to 30 percent of the visitors drive their own vehicles to the malls. This culture leads mall operators to the situation where car park become an indispensable facility for their malls and the traffic management inside car park an important issue to be discussed with. The bad attitude of Malaysian drivers can be seen by the increase of 22% of compound issued by city council in Kuala Lumpur. The inability to find and contact vehicle's owner in case of emergency incident would negatively impact the safety of visitors and cause traffic congestion in a car park. In order to solve this issue and assist car park management, a system to provide parked vehicles' information to authorized personnel is proposed. In this proposed system, a license plate recognition application has been developed for users to retrieve vehicles' information or register new vehicles by scanning at the vehicles' plate. The application uses MobileNet Single Shot Detector (SSD) algorithm to read license plate and query for vehicles' information from Firebase using the unique combination of plate number. In this paper, MobileNet SDD is compared with other light object detection algorithms such as You Only Look Once (YOLO) and other variants of SSD for their strengths and weaknesses. The vehicles identification methods used in car park are compared to show the trend of increasing use of License Plate Recognition (LPR) systems in shopping centres. The project is an attempt to take advantage of the LPR technology trend through proposing an extension to such a system on mobile device. This helps car park operators to get the owners' information without the hassle to manually key in details at a fixed location system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 is annunciated by the World Health Organization (WHO) officially as a pandemic in January 2020. The pandemic has reset all human associations globally. In this paper, we investigate the impact of festivity on the spread of COVID-19 before and after the Eid al-Fitr celebration in Malaysia. In order to determine the relationship between the studied variables (confirmed, recovered and death cases), the Pearson correlation method was applied. This study aims to determine the relationship between the variables studies before and after Eid al-Fitr in Malaysia. The data set was collected during Movement Control Order (MCO) for 30 days before and after Eid al-Fitr for 2020 and 2021, respectively. The data was obtained from the Malaysian Info Center specifically for COVID-19 under the Malaysia Ministry of Health (MOH). This study is restricted to the period under review and to infer whether COVID-19 spread faster during the festival period or otherwise. The results showed that the confirmed cases were positively associated with recovered cases (r = 0.165) before Eid in 2020, meanwhile, there is a negative relationship between the mentioned variables (r = -0.196) after Eid in 2020. Additionally, there is a positive relationship between confirmed and death cases before Eid in 2020 with r = 0.149. The results also revealed that for new confirmed and death cases after Eid in 2020 is r = -0.170. However, the correlation value of the mentioned variables before Eid in 2021 is 0.871, while the correlation value after Eid in 2021 is 0.233, respectively. Moreover, for confirmed and death cases before Eid is r = 0.790 and after Eid is r = 0.603 in 2021. This study concludes that in controlling the spread of COVID-19 in Malaysia, the strict Movement Control Order (MCO) during the festive (Eid al-Fitr) period gives a positive impact for the period under investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental impact of service sector growth on the tourism performance. The importance of tourism industry and the concept and dimensions of service sectors was reviewed initially and then the environmental impact of service sector in tourism was studied specifically. Upon examining the study, a yearly time series data from the period of 1995 to 2018 of Malaysia were used. Models, methods or analysis such as Descriptive Statistic Analysis, Correlation of Variables, Residual Plot, Normality Plot and regression analysis test. This empirical results proof that this outcome has demonstrated that higher mean will result higher standard deviation and vice versa. On the other hand, Correlation of Variables showed positive relationship between tourism performance and service sector growth level with all the variables. For the regression analysis the value of coefficient determined the positive relationship between those variables to the tourism performance in Malaysia. The results extracted from regression test indicated that tourism growth, all variables at level seems to be stationary a significance of 5%. Lastly, environmental impact of service sector has significant influence on tourism performance in Malaysia. Empirical findings suggest that economic policy reforms are required to channelize environmental of service sector to increase tourism performance. The governments should pull out policies on tourism, service sector and the environmental issues in order to achieve sustainable economic growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is crucial for countries to achieve sustainability; sustainable development is regarded as one of the goals for all nations. Non-revenue water (NRW) is one of the barriers that face water suitable development. To solve this issue and overcome the NRW barrier, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of water distribution network (WDN) rehabilitation approaches. To achieve this, 21 WDN rehabilitation approaches were identified from a systematic review of 327 articles. Also, a questionnaire survey was conducted to gather data from Malaysia and Egypt. Therefore, data gathered from 176 valid responses were analyzed using Cronbach, Descriptive, Normalization, and Factor analysis. In addition, Fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) is employed to evaluate the effectiveness level of identified approaches. Besides, the result from factor analysis shows seven groups for WDN rehabilitation approaches. Out of the seven groups, FSE revealed that 'Zoning network' is the highest effect with an impact level of (4.23). This study provides a depth understanding of WDN rehabilitation approaches to conquer the barriers of water sustainability. It also serves as a guide to assists policymakers in putting in place measures to prevent or extirpate NRW. Overcoming NRW could help achieve water development and sustainability goals in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weak rock usually has been an issue in a construction project. This is because the weak rock is very difficult to collect the disturbed sample to be tested to determine the soil parameter. Usually, the construction site removes or avoid the weak rock area but to minimize the project cost, we need to utilize the natural soil fully. Puncak Iskandar, Seri Iskandar, Perak are now towards the developing area, and the site mostly has weak sandstone. Therefore, this project research gives an overview of the compression behaviour of weak sandstone. This paper studied the compression behaviour on the Kati Sands through a series of oedometer tests on intact and reconstituted samples of Kati formation lightly cemented sandstone. Five lightly cemented sandstone samples were used with a void ratio value varying from 0.4 to 1. The pre-consolidation pressure of lightly cemented sandstone Kati formation was found to be 90-180 kPa. It was observed that samples with a higher void ratio had a more significant axial strain change due to lightly cementation. Furthermore, the compression index increased with the increase of the void ratio. The intact and reconstituted sample with the void ratio of 0.46 and 0.5, respectively, showed a slight effect of bonding to the compression index, although it was not that significant. The EDX showed that lightly cemented sandstone elements were mostly Silica and Oxide. In contrast, the SEM showed the shape of lightly cemented sandstone grains, mostly subangular and angular due to weathering process happened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive compounds contain in local medicinal plant found in Malaysia namely as Kapal Terbang or Chromolaena Odorata (C. Odorata) is used in performing biosynthesis of tin (iv) oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) which act as reducing and stabilizing agent. In this paper, we report for the first time the biosynthesis of SnO2 NPs using non-toxic aqueous mixture of C. Odorata. The biosynthesis of SnO2 NPs was performed at room temperature and later underwent calcination process at 700°C within four different calcination time; 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours and 5-hours respectively. The synthesized SnO2 NPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results from FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of functional groups of SnO2 NPs for sample calcined within two to four-hours. X-ray diffraction results shows that the average crystallite size are 8.8 nm with tetragonal structure. The morphology of the nanoparticles synthesized with uniform distribution of agglomerated spherical shape. The change in calcination time has definitely affect the energy band-gap as shown from the DRS absorption spectrum from 3.15 to 3.47 eV, respectively. This biosynthesized SnO2 NPs are proposed to have valuable application in catalysis and optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PPPs have been increasingly used in many countries as an alternative approach for the procurement of public facilities and services. Tendering periods in PPP project is significant since it represents a substantial ratio of overall project life-cycle principally the on-time and on-budget of the project. This paper conducted a scoping review in identifying the risk factors involved for the procurement and contractual risks in PPP housing construction projects. Five (5) risk factors that revolved on the procurement and contractual risk of PPP housing construction project. Among the identified risks are absence of transparency and accountability, absence of good governance, poor contract design, lack experience and knowledge of PPP mechanism, and insufficient capacity in procurement and negotiations. The obtained risk factors will act as a basis for further works on developing a risk management model that complementing the risk management plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abandoned housing project leads to many negative impacts on the environment, Malaysian economy and society. The homebuyers are the victim in this matter since they are unable to own their dream house and need to pay for their existing rental house. Even worse, unfortunate homebuyers are not allowed to cross over Malaysia and get other loans from the financial institution if they failed to pay for the abandoned housing loan. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify the factors that contribute to the abandoned housing projects and their impact on the nation, environment, and society. Through extensive literature review from the previous studies, several factors and impacts have been listed. A quantitative research methodology was conducted in data collection through a well-designed questionnaire which was based on the extensive literature review, semi-structured interviews, and discussions with the expert panels. The questionnaires had been distributed to 100 respondents from the population of housing development stakeholders such as developers, contractors, consultants, and authorities. After that, the data were analysed using the descriptive statistics of Ordinal Logistic Regression (OLR) method whereby the relationship between each factor that contributes to the abandoned housing project and the project status for 10 selected respondents from the interview session was obtained. Further, this study develops the Probabilistic Model of Abandoned Project Status (PMAPS) to show the relationship between the factors of abandoned housing projects and the probability of project status. The findings conclude that the main factors of abandoned housing projects are financial factors, followed by project participant factors, project management factors, market signal, procurement factors, and external factors. The PMAPS can predict the project status with regards to the problem (factors of abandoned housing project) faced in each project. These findings could assist the stakeholders involved in predicting their project status regards to the problem faced. It also can be a guide for the development practitioner to apply the appropriate mitigation plan to avoid project abandonment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19), the Malaysian government implemented a series of lockdown measures to break the chain of COVID-19 within the community. The lockdown measures were separated into three phases, namely movement control order (MCO), conditional movement control order (CMCO), and recovery movement control order (RMCO). Due to limited research conducted, this paper aims to investigate the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on mobility and traffic accidents in Malaysia. Quantitative data were collected from the internet and the government agency. They were analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the changes in mobility and the number of traffic accidents in different aspects. Meanwhile, inferential statistics such as simple regression analysis were applied to validate the relationship between mobility and the number of accidents. The results were presented using graphical and tabular methods. The findings show that the mobility dropped by 64% on average during MCO compared to a baseline value computed during the pre-lockdown period. The reduction in mobility during CMCO and RMCO was 40% and 15%, respectively. Next, the regression analysis reveals a strong positive relationship between mobility and the number of traffic accidents. Hence, the reduction in traffic accidents can be concluded as an impact of COVID-19 lockdown. The reduction in the number of accidents during the three lockdown periods was: MCO (73%), CMCO (46%), and RMCO (19%), compared to the average of 2015-2019. Besides, it was found that the reduction in the number of traffic accidents was greater than the reduction in mobility during the lockdown periods. This suggests that traffic reduction has a multiplicative effect on road safety. Moreover, the findings reveal that the reduction in severe and fatal accidents was greater than the reduction in mobility. This suggests a positive effect of COVID-19 lockdown on the severity of traffic accidents. This study provides an insight into the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on traffic patterns in Malaysia. It also provides important implications for traffic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students' self-efficacy is the belief about their capabilities to learn and said to have control over thoughts, feelings and actions. Self-efficacy is one of the important factors influencing statistics engagement. This paper aims to show the influence of statistics self-efficacy towards statistics engagement among undergraduate students taking Statistics in Applied Sciences course in Universiti Putra Malaysia. A total of 293 students were randomly selected from eight different faculties taking this statistics course as a compulsory subject. A pilot study was conducted on 25 students prior to the actual study and had reliability indices of 0.84 for statistics self-efficacy and 0.93 for statistics engagement. Descriptive analysis showed that students have low statistics self-efficacy with the median score of 2.00. On the other hand, the median score for statistics engagement is 4.00 indicating that students' statistics engagement was moderate. Spearman's rank Correlation Analysis showed that there is a positive relationship between statistics self-efficacy and overall statistics engagement (rs=0.36* p > 0.05). Further analysis shows that statistics self-efficacy influence statistics engagement among students with a contribution of 25%. These findings indicate the need for students to have statistics self-efficacy because this would influence students' statistics engagement and in turn enables them to achieve good results in statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the influence of attitudes towards statistics on statistics engagement among undergraduate students in a Malaysian public university. This study was conducted on first-year students from various fields of study and specialization taking an introductory statistics course during Semester 1 in 2016/2017. A random sample consisting of 293 students were selected to be respondents for the survey. A pilot study conducted on 25 students had reliability indices of 0.93 for statistics engagement and 0.80 for attitudes towards statistics instruments. Descriptive analysis revealed that students generally exhibited positive attitudes towards statistics based on the overall median score of 3.00, as well as for the domains of attitudes with median scores of 3.00 for each. Besides that, the median score for statistics engagement was 4.00 indicating that students' statistics engagement level was above average. Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between attitudes towards statistics and statistics engagement (rs = 0.46, p < 0.05). Furthermore, statistics engagement was also positively related to all four domains of attitudes as demonstrated by correlation coefficients for affect (rs = 0.41, p < 0.05), cognitive competence (rs = 0.55, p < 0.05), value (rs = 0.31, p < 0.05) and difficulty (rs = 0.21, p < 0.05). Subsequently, multiple linear regression analysis showed that the domains of attitudes explained 50% of the total variation in statistics engagement and cognitive competence domain was the most significant contributor. These findings depicted that attitudes towards statistics play a vital role in students' statistics engagement. In essence, having positive attitudes towards statistics will promote statistics engagement among students and eventually increase their achievement and performance in statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is estimated that 2 billion people are vulnerable to dengue infections in tropical and subtropical regions, where about 50 to 100 million dengue infections occur each year, leading to 20000 to 30000 deaths annually. Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that is transmitted to humans through bites of female mosquitoes carrying the virus. Control of dengue epidemic has been elusive, mainly because of the failure to control mosquito breeding habitats in urban environments. Safe, efficacious and cost-effective dengue vaccine is still under testing. The model that links the virus transmission dynamics between mosquito and human is a key to a transparent valuation of dengue vaccine pricing. In this paper, an in-house mosquito-human virus transmission model is enhanced to elucidate the effects of environmental and entomological parameters on dengue transmission dynamics. The basic reproduction number R0 is a key to bi-stability in disease-free versus endemic bifurcation. The system of ordinary differential equations developed to simulate mosquitohuman interactions leads to two equilibria, i.e., disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium. Control of R0 may be achieved by a combination of human behavioral adaptation and sustained vaccine adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities contribute significantly to the development of human capital and socio-economic improvement of a country. Due to that, Malaysian universities carried out various initiatives to improve their performance. Most studies have used the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to measure efficiency rather than effectiveness, even though, the measurement of effectiveness is important to realize how effective a university in achieving its ultimate goals. A university system has two major functions, namely teaching and research and every function has different resources based on its emphasis. Therefore, a university is actually structured as a parallel production system with its overall effectiveness is the aggregated effectiveness of teaching and research. Hence, this paper is proposing a parallel network DEA model to measure the effectiveness of a university. This model includes internal operations of both teaching and research functions into account in computing the effectiveness of a university system. In literature, the graduate and the number of program offered are defined as the outputs, then, the employed graduates and the numbers of programs accredited from professional bodies are considered as the outcomes for measuring the teaching effectiveness. Amount of grants is regarded as the output of research, while the different quality of publications considered as the outcomes of research. A system is considered effective if only all functions are effective. This model has been tested using a hypothetical set of data consisting of 14 faculties at a public university in Malaysia. The results show that none of the faculties is relatively effective for the overall performance. Three faculties are effective in teaching and two faculties are effective in research. The potential applications of the parallel network DEA model allow the top management of a university to identify weaknesses in any functions in their universities and take rational steps for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Load-bearing masonry (LBM) technology has been identified as an alternative method that can potentially encourage the sustainability of the housing industry. The adoption of LBM technology is believed to bring beneficial effects to the housing industry as well as company productivity. The factors related to the adoption LBM technology was revealed to strongly influence the implementation of this system in the housing industry. The aim of this study is to determine the factors influencing the adoption of LBM technology among the developer firms in Malaysia as well as the factors that are highly related to perceived ease of use and relative advantage. A random sampling technique was applied and a questionnaire-based field survey was carried out to obtain the data from the respondents. All the data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings of this paper have revealed that perceived ease of use and relative advantage are related to the adoption of LBM technology. The findings also indicated the validity of Technology Acceptance Model TAM (perceived ease of use) and Innovation Diffusion Theory IDT (relative advantage) as the determinant factors in the adoption of LBM technology. Finally, some recommendations for future research are suggested in the final section of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Solid Waste Management Policy (NSWMP) was introduced in 2007 under the Act 672. The execution of NSWMP involves stakeholders from various government agencies and a collaboration with the private sectors. Despite the initiatives taken by the stakeholders, the objectives of NSWMP failed to materialise. One of the major constraints is weak governance among stakeholders with regards to the NSWMP implementation. This paper will explore the good governance practices implemented by the stakeholders. Identifying the current good governance practices implemented by the stakeholders is crucial as it will serve as a guideline to improve good governance practice in the future. An exploratory research approach is applied in this study through in-depth interviews with several government agencies and concessionaires involved in the NSWMP implementation. A total of six respondents took part in this study. The findings of this study show that there are several good governance practices implemented in policy promotion, participation of stakeholders, and capacity enhancement programme for the staff. This study also proposed some points on good governance practices in the context of policy promotion and staff development. A paradigm shift by the stakeholders is imperative so as to enhance the good governance practice in NSWMP implementation towards an efficient solid waste management in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The numbers of elderly in Malaysia are increased every year. The request towards elderly care services necessitated by the Nursing Home are in demand. However, Nursing Home in Malaysia is lack of standard of facilities in order to cater the care services for the elderly. This paper intends review the minimum standard facilities for the Nursing Homes in globally. The paper also offered insights in developing standard Nursing Home facilities in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population ageing is a worldwide phenomenon experienced by developed and developing countries. It occurs when the median age of a country rises and shifts the distribution of that country's population towards older ages. Malaysia is experiencing a dramatic increase in the number of elderly people. Recent medical advances and improvements in hygiene and food supply have led to the people of Malaysia having a longer life expectancy. This paper comprehensively reviews articles and journals to discover the concepts, definitions and issues regarding the ageing population globally and in Malaysia, particularly looking at how elderly people can age in place. The concern over ageing is not just about the size of the old age population but, more importantly, about their health, welfare, care and living arrangements as well as the implications for infrastructure, housing, income and economic growth. The built environment plays a role in defining the conditions for people to live healthy lives, and older people require high-quality built environments that suit their needs across the whole life course - a building stock and infrastructure that supports independent living and enhances quality of life for the ageing population. Lifetime houses which fulfil the desires and vital requirement of most households whilst considering the changing essentials of households with elderly and aged people require careful consideration. This paper will review the key areas of housing for elderly people to support the concept of ageing in place as an independent living lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In general, a hafiz who can memorize the Quran has many specialties especially in respect to their academic performances. In this study, the theory of multiple intelligences introduced by Howard Gardner is embedded in a developed psychometric instrument, namely Huffaz Intelligence Test (HIT). This paper presents the validation and the reliability of HIT of some tahfiz students in Malaysia Islamic schools. A pilot study was conducted involving 87 huffaz who were randomly selected to answer the items in HIT. The analysis method used includes Partial Least Square (PLS) on reliability, convergence and discriminant validation. The study has validated nine intelligences. The findings also indicated that the composite reliabilities for the nine types of intelligences are greater than 0.8. Thus, the HIT is a valid and reliable instrument to measure the multiple intelligences among huffaz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview for the assessment of credit risk specific to the banks. In finance, risk is a term to reflect the potential of financial loss. The risk of default on loan may increase when a company does not make a payment on that loan when the time comes. Hence, this framework analyses the KMV-Merton model to estimate the probabilities of default for Malaysian listed companies. In this way, banks can verify the ability of companies to meet their loan commitments in order to overcome bad investments and financial losses. This model has been applied to all Malaysian listed companies in Bursa Malaysia for estimating the credit default probabilities of companies and compare with the rating given by the rating agency, which is RAM Holdings Berhad to conform to reality. Then, the significance of this study is a credit risk grade is proposed by using the KMV-Merton model for the Malaysian listed companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actuaries, demographers and other professionals have always been aware of the critical importance of mortality forecasting due to declining trend of mortality and continuous increases in life expectancy. Heligman-Pollard model was introduced in 1980 and has been widely used by researchers in modelling and forecasting future mortality. This paper aims to estimate an eight-parameter model based on Heligman and Pollard's law of mortality. Since the model involves nonlinear equations that are explicitly difficult to solve, the Matrix Laboratory Version 7.0 (MATLAB 7.0) software will be used in order to estimate the parameters. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) will be applied to forecast all the parameters according to Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). The empirical data sets of Malaysian population for period of 1981 to 2015 for both genders will be considered, which the period of 1981 to 2010 will be used as "training set" and the period of 2011 to 2015 as "testing set". In order to investigate the accuracy of the estimation, the forecast results will be compared against actual data of mortality rates. The result shows that Heligman-Pollard model fit well for male population at all ages while the model seems to underestimate the mortality rates for female population at the older ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The success of Six Sigma implementation is known to depend on a number of contributing factors. The purpose of this paper is to explore Six Sigma critical success factors (CSFs) in the context of Malaysian manufacturing organizations. Although Six Sigma success factors have been abundantly researched in the global context, in this paper, a maiden attempt is made to identify, through an extensive literature review, the CSFs for Six Sigma implementation followed by their validation using primary data collection from Malaysian manufacturing companies. A total of 33 indicators have thus been compiled through an extensive literature review which then been grouped into 6 contributing factors. These contributing success factors are then validated through an empirical research of selected Malaysian manufacturing companies at various stages of implementation of the Six Sigma process improvement methodology. There has been an overemphasis on the role and commitment of the management in the success of a Six Sigma program. Though it is undoubted, certain other factors also play an equally important role in ensuring that the Six Sigma programs are successful. The factor analysis of CSFs of the Malaysian manufacturing organizations selected in this study demonstrates that the top factor is a composite factor showing combination of the ability of the project teams to use the process management on quality initiative and a training using a proper analysis in problem solving. The CSFs extracted through the factor analysis could provide a basis for manufacturing organizations embarking on the Six Sigma journey to look beyond just management involvement. Thus, one can develop an integrated framework of other factors as outlined and give them appropriate priority and focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research in Malaysia indicates that there is a problem regarding attitude towards statistics among students. They didn't show positive attitude in affective, cognitive, capability, value, interest and effort aspects although did well in difficulty. This issue should be given substantial attention because students' attitude towards statistics may give impacts on the teaching and learning process of the subject. Teaching statistics using role play is an appropriate attempt to improve attitudes to statistics, to enhance the learning of statistical techniques and statistical thinking, and to increase generic skills. The objectives of the paper are to give an overview on role play in statistics learning and to access the effect of these activities on students' attitude and learning in action research framework. The computer tool entrepreneur role play is conducted in a two-hour tutorial class session of first year students in Faculty of Information Sciences and Technology (FTSM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, enrolled in Probability and Statistics course. The results show that most students feel that they have enjoyable and great time in the role play. Furthermore, benefits and disadvantages from role play activities were highlighted to complete the review. Role play is expected to serve as an important activities that take into account students' experience, emotions and responses to provide useful information on how to modify student's thinking or behavior to improve learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a continuation of our former work. In this paper, we compare the financial performance of the two banking systems that exist in Malaysia over two periods of time, during economic crisis (1997-1999) and after economic crisis (2001-2003). In order to see the conventional as well as Islamic bank's performance over these two periods of time, the study uses 10 financial ratios which are broadly categorized into 4 groups: (a) profitability ratios; (b) liquidity ratios; (c) risk and solvency ratios; and (d) efficiency ratios. Next, the study used T-test in determining the significance of the differential performance of the two banks over two periods of time. By using inter-bank comparison, the study found that, conventional bank has better performance, efficient, more profitable and has greater risk as compared to Islamic bank. However, in terms of utilizing asset, Islamic bank is better than conventional bank. As an overall, conventional bank is better in much aspect due to the longer history and experience in the industry than Islamic bank that start their operation in 1983. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the global market to achieve a competitive advantage, the companies in the manufacturing industries are working tirelessly to develop new products and services to meet the people's demands. As a result, manufacturing companies worldwide are using highly advanced technologies to increase efficiency and effectiveness. Even though these high-end technologies are used in factories, they are not as closely integrated as they should be. This paper aims to review the impact of the Internet of Things (IoT) adoption in Malaysia's manufacturing industry. The study conducted a rigorous review of the literature on (IoT) in the manufacturing industry. The paper reveals that there is a wide coverage and usage of IoT in the manufacturing industries even though the integration of IoT is at a very early stage. Therefore, the study recommended developing good infrastructures and strategies that will support the use of IoT. This will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of this highly relevant and essential sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of technologies is creating fast and vast information for people around the world. The current communication technologies are also offering individuals the opportunity and platform to be more skilful, creative, and innovative. With such rapid development, the media, printed and electronic, are affected in more ways than imagined. In conjunction with the emergence of Covid-19 also known as the world pandemic, the modern communication technologies play a significant role in filtering the information that gets out to the public. The purpose of this article is to highlight the issues and challenges of using media communication technologies in managing the information related to Covid-19 in Malaysia. The three major issues discussed in this paper are limited accessibility, false or fake news and misinformation. Finally, steps and preventive measures were discussed to ensure the accurate information being circulated to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perception of Art Appreciation, requires two main aspects, namely formalistic and content. These two aspects come together to form a work of art. The logo is one of the results of art in the form of digital art that are always used in graphic design. This paper is conducted to identify the visual characteristic of the Malaysian Independence Day logo. Researchers only chose Independence Day for the year 2020 to be analyzed because it is the logo for the current year and is the latest logo design created compared to the previous two years using the same logo. To achieve the purpose, this method of this study is qualitative, which is to use the study of art appreciation evaluation analysis in the context of form and content. It clearly shows the formalistic aspects used in translating the literal and implicit meanings in the Independence Day 2020 logo. This logo features various artistic elements of art and principles of design, as described in this study. It also gives sense to the events that took place during the year. This study has combined the theoretical aspects of Formalistic art with graphic design that is the study of the Independence Day logo. A logo can be considered successful if all sections of society understand it. This logo is created every year, according to the theme and identity of the country. The logo design refers to the symbolism of a multiracial society that is pluralistic and dignified the culture in this country. Through the analysis that has been made, the creation of the Independence Day 2020 logo can be accepted because the logo is simple and easy to understand by the community. The use of the right logo can change people's perception of something. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to focus on earnings management and the influence of business elites towards this practice. This research was made on a total of one hundred seventy-four (174) firm-year observations, in which these comprises of Malaysian public listed companies with at least one (1) business tycoon present in the Board of Directors, over three (3) years. The empirical results of this study show that the presence of business elites in public listed companies in Malaysia has a significant impact to the level of earnings management practised by these firms, and business elites can control earnings management. In other words, if a company has more business elites sitting in its board of directors, there will be a lesser occurrence of managers manipulating their earnings and financial reports. This outcome is a new contribution to the earnings management field of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impacts of education levels, genders and age on employees' internet use in Malaysia during the Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia. An online survey was used to collect primary data from 505 internet users among employees from public and private organizations in Malaysia. Data collected were analysed using SPSS 20.0. The results indicated that gender and education level had a positive impact on employees' internet usage while age did not have any significant impact on employees' internet usage. These findings should be useful for policymakers in setting up strategies to promote internet use among employees. Implications of the study are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Malaysia, the current educational blueprint has included initiatives toward enhancing service learning, as this pedagogical approach is seen as the means to achieve the national educational goals of producing graduates with the necessary skills for employability. The implementation of service-learning is at the stage where it needs to be incorporated in a more structured and systematic manner into the academic program. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the educator's knowledge and understanding in implementing SULAM in public university and to identify the common challenges surrounding service learning among the educators in the public university. The research was designed to be an exploratory qualitative with the respondents consisting of the lecturers of the Malaysia University. Based on the analysis of the perspectives from educators, most of the educators agreed that SULAM is as a form of experiential education in which students engage in activities that address community needs together with structured opportunities intentionally designed to promote student learning and most of the educators voiced their anxiety over the SULAM implementation in reality. The five issues rated as the most critical challenges to the implementation of SULAM in preservice educators included financial constraints, poor time management, virtual implementation barrier, lack of administrative issue and relationship with the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sports thought-about united of the foremost vital components in national development. Since independence in 1957, Malaysian government has place such a lot efforts and measures on sports development. Asian nation sporadically goes through periods of distress associated with sport performance. Asian nation spends plenty of cash and experience on its high performance athletes. Programs facilitate high athletes perform higher in coaching, endure injury, train the mental facet of performance, and aid athletes and coaches in alternative areas similarly. this can be cash that's well spent. Indeed, if the govt. goes to pay cash supporting sport this can be wherever these funds belong. The Malaysian tourism sector has widened its scope by venturing into extreme sports tourism. With this new development, tourism opportunities square measure created and boosting the Malaysian tourism business growth. the aim of this paper is to see the predictors of sports tourism involvement in Asian nation from the economics perspective. The recent shocks in provide and demand within the world aren't because of sudden economic reasons. Indeed, associated with Covid-19 that causes speedily spreading world health issues and life threats round the world coping with the social issues created by Covid-19 pandemic, they ought to not neglect the economic changes created by this pandemic. The government-ordered lockdowns have discontinuous life for billions and within the same time creates economic collapse situation. The foremost vital of those economic changes in developing countries with high fragility is exchange rates caused by sports and tourism industry, as a result of exchange rates will directly have an effect on several economics variables, from inflation to foreign trade, from the balance of payments to interests. Therefore, this analysis calculates the result of COVID-19 to sports and tourism business for affected countries within the worldwide. This study evaluated the impact using supply and demand curve to detect the economic changes in tourism industry. Lastly, tourism and sports sector became an intermingled strategy for several nations to get important value. Malaysia, for instance, in its National Key Economic space (NKEA) under the tourism sector indicates international sports events as a serious economic activity to push. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Housing is one of the eight domains of the concept of age-friendly cities or environments of the World Health Organization (WHO). A healthy community ensures the availability of safe, decent, and affordable housing that supports the health of its occupants. Human spends more than 50 percent of his time inside the house, studies have shown that the built environment can affect human health. The unhealthy house can cause many diseases. Unhealthy houses increase the number of asthma, respiratory and skin allergies and lung diseases. Also accidents and domestic injuries are more in these houses. In addition unhealthy houses affect mental and social well-being such as: depression, isolation, stress and behavioral abnormalities. The "Healthy House" is not just designing healthy and hygienic shelter, but also includes complete physical, mental and social well-being in the house and the environment. Thus, the purpose of this paper is about information on creating a healthy home environment in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of design and innovation through NPD process can be a good platform for Malaysian SMEs to enhance their competitiveness. However, less study has been conducted to examine how the process has been implemented by SMEs. NPD process requires a proper planning and commitment from the company. Managing the NPD process by utilized design as a source of innovation will improve the quality of the product. But, many of the SMEs not utilize the potential of design and innovation as their sources to gain competitiveness. Therefore, there are gaps on how the process has been conducted by SMEs such as how they implementing, managing and who are the parties should be involved in the process. The objective of this paper is to explore the process of new product development conducted by small and medium manufacturing industries (SMEs) through design and innovation in creating added value to a product, based on an empirical study covering product, furniture, and automotive manufacturing industries in Malaysia. A mixed-method was applied consist of 450 respondents for questionnaire survey and 12 selected participants from different group's namely industrial designers, marketers, and decision-makers. The results reveal the positive effects of managing design and innovations in the industries are important to improve product value and to enhance company performance through product development processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to study the effects of roadside tree species selection on driver's emotions. The research objectives of this paper are (i) to determine the driver's emotions when passing through the roadside tree species (ii) To examine the relationship between roadside tree species and the driver's emotions. This research used a mixed-method using survey and interviews. Interviews were conducted in a public place such as at rest stops and restaurant around the side of the highway. A set of questionnaires including demographic background and illustration of seven tree shapes along the roadside shown for reference. Ten positive and negative drivers' emotions have been identified and described by the respondents when passing through the road that has different types of trees shapes. Columnar shape tree indicated the first rank for the suggestions of roadside trees species. Parameter joy displayed a very strong relationship that was statistically very high positive correlation with conical shape trees (tau-b=0.89 <0.01). The research expanded the present body of knowledge in the area of the selection of appropriate roadside tree species in urban areas and taking into account the drivers' emotional factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welding process is known as one of the well-known of hazard-expose operations in manufacturing. In every welding method or process, safety is the most important element that need to take care. Safety and health in employment is an area which aims to protect the safety and health of people who are working. This case study is about the welder that killed while his colleagues injured his left hand due to diesel tank explosion during welding. In this accident, the victims were welding on the diesel tank before the tank suddenly explode. Thus, this paper highlight report on hazard identification, and risk control applied in the accident. The aim of this case study is to investigate the work-related accident at welding workshop and the hazards working there. This case study had been conducted by using 3 method which is fishbone diagram, HIRARC table and Pareto chart way of a walk-through observation and the identified risk images were taken. From the experiment result, there are 5 hazards that can be related which is the hazard identification are exposure to fumes and gases, heat, fire and burns, Electric Shock, Bright Light and Noise. In conclusion, the highlight of the hazards and risk tend to make a corrective action on minimizing or eliminating the risk of injuries and to ensure a safe workplace [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the workplace hazard and safety and analyzes the case studies that happened in a metal manufacturing company. Type of incidents include fire, explosion and trapping in between objects in which one of the employees were reported death crushed by the die casting machine and the explosion of the furnace of the die casting machine. Root cause analysis techniques like Fish Bones technique was used to determine machine, method, materials, environment and personnel of the five hazards in the workplace. HIRARC analysis is performed by highlighting the hazards such as not wearing protective mask and gloves, smoking at workplace, entangled wires cable of machine, operating injection moulding machine insufficient space around furnace in the HIRARC analysis. After Pareto analysis was carried out, it was found that operating injection moulding machine shows the highest risks followed by working around furnace. The incidents can be avoided if the workers are more exposed to SOP of the operation of the machine and protective measures are taken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a case study of accidents or incident analysis in the power press machine at a press machine area in a manufacturing company. Hazard identification, cause and effect, risk level and solutions was assessed. There are total of seven hazards identified in the power press machine. These seven hazards consist of six medium level of risk and one low level of risk respectively. These listed hazards in the workplace will directly affect the worker in the view of safety and health. However, there are some solutions regarding these hazards had been proposed. By carry out some discussion, certain solution is suggested to solve the hazard in the workplace. The suggested solution shown in the HIRARC analysis can be said as simple solution which the company can conduct it successfully. It can help to reduce or solve the hazards that will protect their workers well. This will also increase their worker's productivity and comfortability in work. Pareto analysis had shown clearly with the higher risk hazards consist in the workplace that can let the company to solve the hazards with priority according to the analysis shown. Pareto analysis will help to solve the problem effectively. All these solutions suggested will only take about 2 months to solve all the hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on case studies of safety incidents in Malaysia. The processes used for identifying and evaluating both existing and potential hazards in a palm-oil work site and the way of controlling it are hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control or known as HIRARC were addressed. Many that have already done risk assessments have recorded successful changes to their working procedures, and conditions of work in establishing and taking the appropriate effective actions. An ergonomic, physical and chemical hazards is a main factor in occurred in this study that could cause damage to humans, systems and environments. The assessment was done in estate area, involving the process of oil palm harvesting and collecting operation, oil palm manuring, and oil palm field upkeep and maintenance. The overall methodologies in this study consist of fishbone concept, HIRARC and PARETO analysis towards the working procedures at loading ramp station in palm factory. The hazards that were identified including slippery, awkward posture, repetition, falling object and gases. It can be concluded that health and safety are the important things need to be considered and taken seriously by each employers and the employees himself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on case studies of safety incidents in Malaysia. In line with the efforts to reduce accidents at construction sites in Malaysia, the objective of this study is to analyze on workplace hazard, risk and safety and proposes a recommended actions on the case analyzed. A total of five case studies were conducted, in which the cases are scope to be on construction sites in Malaysia. Five hazards are identified from the case studies, which are equipment or machine falls from height, defective sockets or electrical equipment, high unfenced and unguarded working area, sharp objects or cutting blades, and noise pollution. The effects of these hazard are studied and Fishbone diagram is used to identified the root causes that lead to the effect. HIRARC is then used for further study of the hazard identified into risk analysis and risk control. Through risk analysis in HIRARC, the risk scores of each hazard are calculated, and the risk scores are analysed into a Pareto Chart. The purpose of Pareto Chart is to study on the priority of hazards to be focus on. Control measures are suggested based on descending order of priority: defective sockets or electrical equipment, high unfenced and unguarded working area, equipment or machine falls from height, noise pollution, and lastly sharp objects or cutting blades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Malaysia, about 16,688 tonnes of food waste is generated per day. Despite its bio-degradable characteristics which have high potential to be composted, nearly 80% of the generated food waste is still disposed at the landfill. This paper provides an insight on the scenario of food waste management in Malaysia including the amount of food waste generated, government's policies, regulation and initiatives as well as public awareness on composting approach as an alternative to reduce food waste disposal in Malaysia. The public awareness on the composting approach was obtained from various surveys conducted from the previous study. It is found that the initiative of the government on the enhancement of food waste management is still ineffective due to the limited budget as well as lack of public awareness on the segregation of food waste at the source. The results of the survey depicted that the awareness of Malaysians on the food waste composting is relatively poor. Amongst the contributory factors are lack of facility for composting and insufficient knowledge on the composting steps. It is expected that the simplified review on the food waste management and composting practice in Malaysia could provide an understanding to the community on the importance of food waste separation and composting to prevent environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has receive a lot of attention among researchers and industry players around the world including Malaysia. BIM have the capability to assist in understanding the development of projects and identify any potential problem in advance, prior to the construction process, hence, improve the quality of project and reduce the construction cost. As the Malaysian Government starts to encourage the implementation of BIM as well as sustainable construction, this paper aims to investigate the current awareness of Malaysian contractors towards the benefits of BIM in developing sustainable construction. Even though BIM offers a lot of benefits to the construction industry players, awareness towards the benefits of BIM especially related to the sustainability is still lacking among industry players. The data were analysed to indicate the highlighted benefits of BIM foresee by contractors that contribute to economic sustainability. The finding indicates that the level of knowledge is usually influenced by individual experience on BIM. However, awareness towards BIM benefits are varies depending on the individual or company ways in assessing the BIM implementation goals. Therefore, educating and providing realistic information to the construction industry players is needed to create a better understanding and wider exposure which align with the Government encouragement to implement BIM in the construction project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent growth in the digital economy system has triggered Malaysia to venture into crowdsourcing initiatives. Most crowdsourcing platforms focuses on micro-digital tasks that can be performed and completed online. However, there is an increasing trend of spatial crowdsourcing platform that required the specific-location of tasks to be conducted physically. This new phenomenon opens up the potential participation of crowd workers to improve their economic and livelihood. Women are one of the specific targeted groups identified to support Malaysia economic growth. To fully harness the benefits of this crowdsourcing trend for women, it is necessary to understand the factors that motivate them to participate in spatial crowdsourcing platform since it is still in the infancy state. This paper presents the preliminary exploratory study using semi-structured interviews to investigate the women's motivational factors to participate in spatial crowdsourcing platforms. Thematic analysis was performed to identify the pattern of themes from the data gathered. Several intrinsic and extrinsic factors were identified, and trust emerged as one of the primary concern among women to participate in this new phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Installation of green roofs in bus stops can minimize the negative impact of urban development. Green roofs are normally used to manage stormwater runoff, heat transfer, and enhance aesthetics. However, the standardized design guidelines for green roofs installed on bus stops are currently not available in Malaysia. The green roof designs produced in Malaysia are largely based on the design guidelines from other countries. It was found that some green roof design elements were not suitable to be used in this country since the green roof technology adoption is still in the early stages. Moving forward, further understanding of the green roof technology needs to be attained, and there is a need to adapt the green roof design standards exist in other countries to the Malaysian environment. The purpose of this paper is to review the available green roof design standards, and to highlight the advantages and challenges of installing green roofs in bus stops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The town area in Kundasang, Sabah, was facing soil mass movement, due to the low cohesion values and high angle of internal friction values. These significant soil properties are showing that the soil in this area might have a high percentage of the granular soils, mainly sand. This paper is showing the determination of sand percentage in this area by using Geostatistics, specifically on semivariogram and Ordinary Kriging, according to each layer with two meters depth intervals. Semivariogram models such as circular, spherical, exponential, and gaussian will be applied, and the lowest value of performance indicator, which is Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE) would be selected as the most accurate model, with the mapping of the sand percentage as an outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oryza sativa (Rice straw) is a natural resource that has the potential as a raw material in the ceramic field. Rice straw ash (RSA) contains high silica (SiO2) after it goes through the calcination process. This paper presents the investigation on the effects of crystalline glaze using RSA as an alternative substance for silica in the glaze formulation. Silica is significant material was used in the crystalline glaze to react with zinc oxide to seeding crystals as willemite (Zn2SiO4) in the form of spherulites during the firing process. This study is performed to identify SiO2 content from RSA because this residue is still not fully utilized in Malaysia. The aims of the present study are to identify the effects of adding RSA to ceramic crystalline glaze and the potential of conventional silica replaced with RSA, as well as identifying the optimum calcination temperature of rice straw. Rice straws were fired at different firing calcination temperatures of 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C. Crystalline glaze samples were then fired at 1200 °C for four hours of gloss temperature and hold for five hours at crystallization temperature. After firing, the morphology of the crystalline structure on the ceramic substrate body identified using visual observation. In summary, amorphous silica derived from RSA brings high silica content. It provides a potential alternative material for silica used in crystalline glaze, SiO2 content in rice straw ash combined with zinc oxide to encourage the nucleus crystal seed. From XRF test, 89.7% silica content was determined in RSA and the results also show apparent growth of crystals on the ceramic substrate samples with different effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to implement Fisher-Yates Shuffle Algorithm (FYSA) for randomization Math Exam in Computer Based-Test with fast execution time and can be generated without repetition and duplication. This study case in Management and Science University (MSU) Malaysia. This study used ADDIE model and develop based on a website framework using PHP as a back-end programming language, Java script as a client-side programming language, and MySQL as a database. The target population of this study was students in Bachelor Level at Management and Science University (MSU) Malaysia in Mathematics Subject. The subject will be focused on probability and statistics in one focus group. Mathematics lecturer also involved as expert in this study. There are seven questions set with a total questions N=15 on each set. The probability value of randomization the question set is 1/7 = 0.14285714. The permutation obtained from the randomization of Fisher Yates Shuffle is 15! = 1.307674368 x 1012. Based on the results of the quality test, it can be seen that all items of category regarding accessibility, helpful tools, and CBT content have an average percentage score 76.94%, these results mean that all CBT items are works well. That means the system will produce different random permutations each time students take question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]