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Recently Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) gains more interest among nuclear researchers due to its promising competitiveness and safety features. ThorCon MSR (TMSR500) is this kind of reactor projected to be built in Indonesia. Due to a limited number of proven operating reactors and limited knowledge of reactor characteristics, several aspects have to be studied, such as neutronic features, material, fuel circulation, fuel management, etc. This paper reveals some important neutronic safety features of MSR, referring to ThorCon design, such as temperature reactivity feedback of fuel, moderator, and reflector. Void reactivity feedback and neutron energy spectrum behavior during voiding were also examined by performing MCNP6 calculations and nuclear data ENDF/B-VII. Full core geometry was modeled, and the drift effect was not taken into account. Neutron flux and power density distribution were also addressed. The purpose of this paper is to review the aforementioned important safety parameters by doing the Monte Carlo code calculations. The results indicated that the core induces negative reactivity feedback due to temperature increase in fuel and moderator, but positive for temperature increase in the reflector. The temperature reactivity coefficient of fuel, moderator, and reflector exhibited −5.82×10−3 (%dk/k)/°C, −9.68×10−4 (%dk/k)/°C, and +1.84×10−4 (%dk/k)/°C, respectively. The introduction of void in the core either as a result of boiling or pump cavitation would induce positive reactivity of +0.115 (%dk/k)/(%void). Overall, the temperature reactivity coefficients exhibited large negative, and there is a comfortable margin between the operating temperature to the boiling point that might prevent void generation due to fuel boiling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 1 billion people or approximately 15% of the world population that have disabilities levels and lesser access to health facilities. The majority of this population with physical disabilities, i.e. around 80%, is from low-income countries; and it is estimated only 5% up to 15% in developing countries, including Indonesia, that have access to assistive device technologies. Indonesia, for instance, has 20% of the total 240 million people who have disabilities in daily and social activities, and about 10% or 4.8 million people require wheelchair due to inability to walk. One major factor affecting limited access to this technology is poverty level. Besides, the ones available on the market are manually controlled by joysticks which are not user-friendly especially diffable with motoric problems. This paper highlights the control system design for a smart wheelchair prototype and the smart interface utilising voice-based and vision-based mechanism, namely voice and image guided direction. The results show that during image guided direction scenario, the system functions accurately with the intensity of light 0.4 to 400 lux without direct sun light, whilst voice guided direction functions effectively regardless any light source disturbances. However, there are some delays between 1.11 to 3.66 seconds for commands to activate the sensor while commands for actuating the motors will generate a delay of 2.19 to 4.62 seconds. Some discrepancies occur during motions, trajectory deviates in X ordinate direction, 83° in forward motion, 63° in reverse motion, 39° in left and 51° in right. These situations could be compensated by implementing feedback control as the current one is only an open-loop control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The situation and condition of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the world have widely impacted around the globe, forcing Indonesia to urge every individual and organization, including Bapeten as the nuclear regulatory to adapt to bear this situation so that the function of nuclear regulatory continue to be conducted for ensuring the facility safety meets the requirement. Though during the Pandemic, nuclear facilities continue to safely operate with adjustments to comply with the health protocols requirements to prevent the spread of pandemics. Based on a review of nuclear regulatory practices during the Pandemic in several countries, it is necessary to implement a regulatory inspection strategy through the methods and approaches effectively and sufficiently to ensure compliance to the requirements and conditions during the stringent large-scale social restriction (PSBB) period and new normal. During the stringent PSBB period, the strategy was a remote inspection by submitting a Facility Safety Report (LKF) by nuclear facilities. The submitted LKF contains all safety parameters when operating a nuclear facility. Meanwhile, the new normal (after stringent PSBB) is the hybrid inspection, called the new paradigm inspection. The implementation of this strategy has been conducted effectively and efficiently with a positive response from the nuclear facility license holders. In this paper, it can be concluded that the inspection strategy conducted out during the stringent PSBB period and the new normal period has been implemented well enough to ensure the facility's safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear energy utilization for peaceful purposes is the primary goal and expectation for all countries in the world. The IAEA is an international organization that is promoting peaceful uses and supervises nuclear technology, one of which is through the safeguards inspection. The implementation of the IAEA safeguards inspections to a member state is carried out by safeguards inspectors after obtaining approval from the destination country. The purpose of this paper is to review BAPETEN policies as a consideration in the selection of the IAEA Safeguards Inspectors who will be assigned to Indonesia. The IAEA sends the list of inspectors proposed to the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs as the representative of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia in the context of international relations. As a basis for approval and final determination by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, BAPETEN's input and consideration are required. BAPETEN then will coordinate with other stakeholders, namely the State Intelligence Agency (BIN), Intelligence and Security Agency of National Police (Baintelkam), and Coordinating Ministry of Politics, Law, and Security (Kemenkopolhukam) in identifying and investigating the list of inspectors proposed by the IAEA. The consideration aspects proposed from BAPETEN are the country of origin and the personal background of the proposed inspectors. The country of origin aspect means that the Safeguards Inspector assigned to Indonesia must come from a country that has signed and enforced the Additional Protocol Agreement. Meanwhile, the aspect of the personal background means that inspectors who have a background in the fields of police, military, intelligence, and security analysts will be of particular concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia's geographical position between two continents and two oceans, besides being a strategic value, is also a threat to nuclear security. Apart from its geographical position, Indonesia has more than 17,000 islands and very long coastlines and national borders, which intensify its vulnerability to the illicit trafficking and illegal transportation of nuclear and other radioactive materials. For this reason, the development of nuclear security system, especially for nuclear/radioactive materials out of regulatory control (MORC) is very important. Since the nuclear security system for MORC involves various government institutions or agencies, it must be developed based on strong legislation or regulations. In addition, the roles, functions, and authorities of each institution/agency must be clearly defined in the regulations. Currently, the Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) carries out MORC's nuclear security measures with the Indonesia Center of Excellence for Nuclear Security and Emergency Preparedness (I-CoNSEP) as a coordinating center. However, MORC's nuclear security measures have been ineffective and are still constrained by coordination problems. This is because there is no adequate regulation as a legal umbrella. The lack of regulations that regulate the roles, functions and authorities of those institutions/agencies creates obstacles in the coordination among them in the field. This is a challenge in developing the nuclear security system, particularly for MORC. In the nuclear security of MORC, development of human resource (HRD), especially personnel on the front lines, is also challenging. In this study these challenges or problems were identified and analysed in order to seek their solutions or alternative way-out. Present paper provides results of the study with more specific emphasis on challenges in three aspects, namely the formulation of regulations, coordination among stakeholders and development of human resources for nuclear security. The study's result has indicated the necessity to immediately formulate or accelerate the legal drafting process of regulations on the nuclear security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The BAPETEN Chairman Regulation Number 4 in 2013 on Radiation Protection and Safety for the Utilization of Nuclear Energy has been enacted since 2013. The effectiveness of this regulation for the current situation is questioned. The Directorate of Regulation has conducted the Regulatory Impact Assessment for Radiation Facility and Radioactive Materials. Instead of using the Costs Benefits Analysis (CBA), the methodology that has been used was the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). The step by step in this method and also strengths and weaknesses of this method are explored in this paper. It is concluded that the MCDA can show stakeholders' different perspectives about some alternative solutions for the problems. It differs from Costs Benefits Analysis (CBA), where the comparison among alternatives uses the costs and benefits ratio. The MCDA solves the issues that have multiple conflicting objectives by weighting and aggregating across goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BAPETEN Chairman Regulation Decree No. 8 the Year of 2013 concerning with the Evaluation of Nuclear Installation Sites for Seismic Aspects states that one of the stages of evaluating the ground motion hazard is the determination of Attenuation Function which is determined through the computation of the intensity of a particular ground motion specific to the site conditions based on several criteria. The issue has arisen for evaluators when there are no detailed guidelines in evaluating the attenuation function submitted by applicants in performing site evaluations. This paper discusses the method as well as the requirements used in determining the attenuation function in European countries. This method can be adapted to be applied in Indonesia as a guideline for evaluators in evaluating application documents submitted by applicants for seismic aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study on decommissioning insight in Indonesian legislation and regulations (L&R) regarding the design of NPP has been conducted. In general, decommissioning is merely associated with ageing facilities. However, based on extensive world experiences in decommissioning, especially in the last two decades, international organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and NEA (Nuclear Energy Agency) have published many standards and technical documents regarding the importance of decommissioning considerations in facility design. Based on these international standards, Indonesia has established several decommissioning regulations that provide licensing requirements. The rules state that the design shall facilitate future decommissioning, and this need implementing guidance. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to assess the comprehensiveness of the L&R on decommissioning considerations in Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) design and to identify appropriate contents of the proposed relevant guidelines. This study is also significant to ensure the application of the intergenerational equity principle that the current use of nuclear energy shall not create excessive burdens for future generations. This study uses a descriptive, analytic, and qualitative methodology. Utilized secondary data, this study was complemented by comparative analyses between various international standards. This study concluded that the National L&R has facilitated decommissioning insight into NPP design, comparable to L&R in various NPP operating countries, both applying prescriptive and performance-based regulatory approaches, and met all relevant requirements standards issued by the IAEA. Furthermore, there were some rooms for improvement still, among others, by issuing regulations regarding the establishment of NPP Safety Analysis Report, developing technical guidelines for the consideration of decommissioning in the facility design phase, and guidelines for the management of design records or configuration management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education unit that carries out educational activities in the form of academics, include high schools, institutes, or universities. The leaders, lecturers, and employees must pay attention to customer satisfaction from the perspective of students as consumers. Student satisfaction must be the basis of management decisions, so universities must make increasing student satisfaction a fundamental goal. Total Quality Management (TQM) is a quality management system that focuses on customers by involving all levels of employees in continuous improvement. The education system, which prioritizes the tertiary education system, currently facing struggle for survival and increased pressure from stakeholders need to support "Delighting Customers" to continue to be relevant and sustainable in the future. "Delighting the Customer" is basically the core message in TQM. TQM is used as a workmanship in the research method. In this study we discuss and apply TQM concepts that are relevant for every aspect of academic life, namely for competition, learning and administration activities. This paper presents some results of a study investigating the quality in higher education. The case study involved industrial engineering Diponegoro University and data collected using TQM. The instrument consists of dimensions including Teaching students well, Availability of staff for student consultation, Library services, Computing facilities, Recreational facilities, Class size, Level and difficulty of subject content, and Student workload. The study involves carrying out mapping using the importance satisfaction matrix method whereby data is obtained through questionnaire distributed to students at the Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Diponegoro. From the survey collected, 300 respondents passed the validity and reliability test. Then the gap score was calculated using the Gap Analysis method and mapping done using the Importance Satisfaction Matrix method. The results of the study using the student satisfaction inventory method found that the dimensions of computing facilities have the most significant score gap and, in the mapping, using the importance satisfaction matrix obtained 8 attributes falls in quadrant I, which indicate these variables has below average satisfaction levels but the level of importance is quite high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GSO is an orbit which is approximately 35.786 km from the earth's surface which is strategic for the placement of satellites. Creating justice in the GSO, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ensures the availability of a number of slots for equatorial countries. In 2002 the phenomenon of privatization and foreign direct investment has changed the share ownership structure in Indonesia. The telecommunications sector was also affected where the Government of Indonesia now only owns 14.29% of PT. Indosat Tbk. ("Indosat"). Qatar Telcom via Ooredo Asia Pte. Ltd. become the majority shareholder of Indosat (65%); while the rest (20.71%) is owned by the public. This article aims to analyze the urgency of the satellite placed in the GSO and propose analyze the impact of privatization of Indosat in space law perspective. The research method used is normative juridical, with secondary data sources. Qualitative analysis with deductive conclusions. Based on the results of the research, it is known that GSO is a limited natural resource which is regulated in article 33 paragraph (2) in the 1973 ITU Convention, the 1994 ITU Constitution and also in the Radio Regulation. In Article 19 paragraph (11 point a) and Article 44 of the Constitution of the ITU which are limited in nature so that they must be used efficiently, rationally and economically, the Papers Satellites proposed by countries will actually be able to reduce the optimization in utilization and are very strategic for placing satellites in the GSO. There are two legal impacts of privatization of Indosat, first Indonesia has lost a slot in GSO. Second, according to the Liability Convention 1972 and Registration Convention 1972, Indonesia has responsibility for a damage caused by the satellite because Indonesia is the registering State. As a solution The Indonesian government can make a policy that requires the origin country where the Indosat shareholder company to take responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollution and health have emerged in recent years as worldwide concerns. A great deal of information is communicated in order to raise human awareness of this issue. Public signage is one way to obtain this information. The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, this article outlines the use of Google Street and Google Maps to locate street signs linked to pollution and health issues. The second is to develop a conceptual approach into creative learning by employing digital technology in discovering and introducing students to information regarding pollution and health signs in the outdoor landscape using a novel technique and approach called Digital Linguistic Landscape Learning. It was revealed that the self-access center is the focal point for the development and use of digital technology, which provides students with the autonomy to investigate or discover solutions to the contestation of socio-cultural phenomena connected to the two key concerns in the public spheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ratification of Law No. 7 the year 1994 concerning The Establishment of WTO following the TRIPS agreement raised awareness on the protection of intellectual property rights internationally. Traditional knowledge of indigenous people is a wealth of the nation and form of biodiversity that has to be protected, but in recent development and existence, it is weak in terms of protection of intellectual property rights. Many cases found the fact that developed countries are taking advantage of the traditional knowledge from developing countries such as Indonesia due to the lack of protection. The different idea of Intellectual Property Rights protection on TRIPS which more take sides to the private property and monopoly is contrary to the communal ownership of indigenous people on their traditional knowledge. The different interpretations of the "prior act" and public domain of the traditional knowledge that comes in the debate also raise a juxtaposition between the invention and synthesis of the knowledge and the product. Indonesia does not have sui generis laws governing traditional knowledge. Therefore, this paper will analyze: 1) How the intellectual property frameworks and protection of traditional knowledge; 2) The fair benefit-sharing mechanism as respect and protection to the traditional knowledge of the indigenous people in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of the publication system in the land registration system by a country is a choice as well as the authority of that country, which is based on the needs, situation, and conditions of that country. Until now, the publication system used in Indonesia is a negative publication system with a positive tendency. The use of this publication system is one source of land disputes and conflicts. The negative system with positive tendencies cannot guarantee legal certainty, because in the publication system, the state does not guarantee the correctness of the data and information contained in the land rights certificate. Several research results have recommended the need to change the negative publication system with positive tendencies with certain requirements. This paper states that technological advances in geodetic, juridical, and administrative technical fields have made it possible to fulfill the requirements for changing the negative publication system to a positive publication system. Technological advances enable the collection, processing, and presentation of land registration data to be carried out in a complete and accurate manner. Technological advances provide increasingly open and wide possibilities for changes to the publication system in land registration in Indonesia which provide more guarantees of legal certainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education for children with special needs, especially with mild intellectual disabilities, has not received much attention from researchers and practitioners. The education of intellectual disabilities children also has the same right to develop according to the needs of the times as regular children's education in general. The changing and evolving needs of the times should also be followed by changes in the curriculum used, considering that one of the learning goals in special schools for intellectual disabilities children is to make the children who can live independently. In special schools for intellectual disabilities children in Indonesia, mathematics learning is combined with other lessons to discuss specific themes in everyday life. Based on an extensive literature search on the mathematics curriculum in special schools for intellectual disabilities children, this paper aims to review the literature involving two things: (1) mathematics education curriculum in special schools for intellectual disabilities children in Indonesia, and (2) mathematics curriculum in special education in Australia and Singapore. A view is also provided. This paper concludes that: (1) learning in special schools for intellectual disabilities children in Indonesia uses thematic learning where mathematics learning is focused on its usefulness in everyday life, (2) numeracy is the focus of education in Australia, not least for intellectual disabilities children, and learning Mathematics for mild intellectual disabilities children in Singapore includes the concepts of numbers, spaces, arithmetic procedures, problem solving and measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palm oil is a vital commodity to the economy of Indonesia. The area of oil palm plantations in Indonesia has increased from year to year. However, the effectiveness of palm oil production is reduced by pest infestation. One of the pest which often infests oil palm plantations is nettle caterpillar. The pest control used in this study is biological control, viz. biological agents given to oil palm trees. This paper describes a mathematical model of two infectious diseases in nettle caterpillar population. The two infectious diseases arise due to two biological agents, namely Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium and parasite which usually attack nettle caterpillars. The derivation of the model constructed in this paper is obtained from ordinary differential equations without time delay. The equilibrium points are analyzed. Two of three equilibrium points are stable if the Routh-Hurwitz criteria are fulfilled. In addition, this paper also presents the numerical simulation of the model which has been constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oceans are so vast that it is estimated that humans have only explored 5% of their total surface area. Oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth's surface. Unknowingly, the ocean is one of the main sources of support for many humans. Unfortunately, the importance of oceans is often overlooked. Humans are important entities that have a significant impact on the changes that occur in the oceans. Since before 1972, humans have often indirectly dumped garbage, sewage sludge, chemical waste, commercial waste, and radioactive waste into the sea. According to analysis, 80% of worldwide marine pollution is from land-based pollution (Land-primarily based sources pollution/"LBSP"). The plastic waste, nutrients, pesticides, weight, sediment, and steel waste that enter the water glide through LBSP are the result of family activities, industry, tourism, and agriculture. Every year, 8 million tonnes of plastic waste from deep inland areas ends up inside the ocean, on top of the expected 150 million tonnes, that presently circulate marine environments. This paper was conducted through a literature study and in-depth analysis the using qualitative research methods. This paper pursuits to analyse the proper strategy that the Indonesian government can take as a primary contributor to plastic waste inside the global and reduce ocean pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Indonesia, high background radiation has been found in Mamuju District, West Sulawesi Province, particularly in Takandeang Village and Botteng Village. The average and highest individual effective doses received by residents in North Botteng due to terrestrial gamma radiation and radon concentratrion were 10.40 and 18.62 mSv/y, with the highest effective doses occurring in the inhabitants of the Tande-tande hamlet. Regulatory measure for Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) has been regulated in the Government Regulation (GR) No. 33 year 2007 on the Ionizing Radiation Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources. GR 33/20, article 51 states that BAPETEN shall intervene in chronic exposure originating from NORM. This paper aims to estimate the risk of high natural radiation to cancer to consider NORM surveillance in the Mamuju district. The writing of this paper was carried out by collecting and reviewing the literature related to radiation protection, naturally occurring radioactive materials, epidemiology, and IAEA safety standards. Two epidemiological research designs may be utilized to determine the risk admitted by the population due to exposure to natural radiation, namely: cohort and case-control. The use of case-control studies is intended to determine public health conditions as soon as possible. A cohort typology study is required after an action is taken to reduce population acceptance (intervention). The purpose of this epidemiology study was to verify the success of the intervention program being implemented. Implementing epidemiological research is primarily determined by the participation of the community in providing information regarding health conditions and life habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses about the imposition of monetary sanctions in law enforcement against corruption in Indonesia. The question of this paper is how to impose monetary sanctions in law enforcement against corruption in Indonesia in optimizing the return of state financial losses. This paper finds that, corruption continues to grow along with the rapid advancement of technology and information, making law enforcement against corruption must be strengthened to eradicate corruption. Political will from the state is needed to thoroughly investigate the high number of corruptions in Indonesia and the rampant corruption that is rooted in various sectors of the country and has occurred for a long time. Using the doctrinal method, this paper emphasizes the current legal conditions, it is hoped that law enforcement officers can put more emphasis on imposing monetary sanctions rather than sanctions for deprivation of liberty such as imprisonment for perpetrators of corruption. Monetary sanctions, included in this category are fines, asset seizure, state indemnity payment, fees and costs, so that they are expected to optimize the recovery of state financial losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to investigate students' condition during the first couple months of pandemic since it hit Indonesia. Since the beginning of 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic has imposed the use of technology in teaching and learning process, and nothing can enforce the use of technology in education as powerful as Covid-19 Pandemic. Schools and universities have been closed and the teaching and learning process must be done remotely through online learning to slow down the spread of the virus. Students must learn from home. Teacher has to adapt to using online learning platform during this pandemic. However, the e-learning process are still far from perfection as it still caused many problems for teachers and students as well; therefore, a suitable and appropriate learning environment needed to be created for improving the existing learning environment that is safe and effective for students and teacher during pandemic. This research aims to gain the basic inputs in designing an appropriate classroom/learning environment specifically for teaching during and, hopefully, after pandemic. An online survey is spread to reach more and wider respondents, because we would like to gain as much as possible data from the Z generation. There are as many as 4841 college students in Gorontalo responded to the survey. The Result of this research shows the students' condition on the first couple of months when the pandemic hit Indonesia, especially the province of Gorontalo, that effected the teaching and learning process in our university. The issues and problems surrounding the implementation of online learning as well as the students' life facing the covid-19 pandemic will be presented in more detail in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization and the industrial revolution 4.0 have succeeded in changing the process of people's social life from being based on human labor to technology centered on automation. These changes occur in all sectors of life, including economic, social, and legal. In this case, the legal and economic sectors have a fairly close relationship. Thus, changes to the two sectors will influence and depend on each other. One example is patents, where high patent ownership will affect national income and economic growth of a country. Indonesia continues to optimize applications for patent registration, such as the implementation of e-filling or online registration since 2019 with the aim of making patent application facilities accessible to all regions of the archipelago. This paper will discuss the state' s efforts in optimizing technology for the patent registration program in Indonesia. The legal research method used is normative legal research through a statutory or statutory approach. In addition, this paper uses secondary legal data sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new development of a linear accelerator machine has been installed in Indonesia for the first time. There is no dosimetric protocol specifically discussing the measurement of absorbed dose to water in the Halcyon linac. But, few global dosimetric protocols determine the measurement of absorbed dose for linac machine which at the same substance. This paper describes the measurement of the dosimetry parameter for a 6 MV flattening filter-free (FFF) photon beam produced from a new model Varian Halcyon linac using IAEA TRS No. 483 protocols. The measurement data presented in this paper were primary data obtained after the machine was installed at the hospital and secondary data from Varian bunker before the machine was sent to Indonesia. Measurement has been performed using 0.016 cm3 model Pinpoint 3D and 0.6 cm3 model TW30013 ionization chambers. Measurement of percentage depth dose and absorbed dose to water calculation was based on IAEA TRS No. 483. The measurement of percentage depth dose was done also using 1 mm lead foil (Pb). The result obtained shows that the percentage dose at maximum depth, Dmax was in a good agreement with the manufacture specification with deviation 0.3 %, while the absorbed dose to water rate for the machine-specific reference field of the Varian Halcyon was in a good agreement within ±0.05 % against 1 cGy = 1 MU after calibration. The measurement of the absorbed dose rate to water can be done using IAEA TRS No. 483. The determination of the value of the radiation quality factor (kQ) of the photon beam using two methods from the IAEA dosimetry protocol TRS-483 (TPR20,10) and TRS-483 %dd(10,10))x get a good match. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Renewable Energy Power Plant (REPP) such as Solar Power Plant (SPP) and Wind Power Plant (WPP) are the most popular types of REPP and have been developed and operated widely in the world because of their advantages as clean energy, cheap fuel cost, and the investment costs are decreasing significantly. Recent years in Indonesia, SPP and WPP have started to be developed in several regions. Based on the Long Term Planning of Indonesia Government, in 2025 it is targeted that around 23% of the total energy mix in Indonesia will come from REPP. But on the other hand, the two types of power plants have intermittent/ variable characteristics that vary rapidly according to weather and solar intensity conditions even naturally uncontrollable by the system operators. It is categorized as Variable Renewable Energy (VRE). This Intermittent nature has the potential to endanger the stability and reliability of the network. Statistically, there have been several power outages in Europe, Australia and the United States triggered by the mass operation of VRE power plants. One of the root causes is lack of Grid Code that clearly regulates the operational of VRE. It raises a lot of researches to discover appropriate and specific adaptations of the existing Grid Code that unique for each network based on its characteristics, government policies, and the availability of local natural resources. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on Grid Code that has been implemented not only in Indonesia but also abroad. This paper also reviews characteristic of VRE from various textbook references, government regulations, and scientific journals. Furthermore, this paper explains the results of literature review on the adaptation of existing Grid Code toward VRE penetration in each network based on government regulations and scientific journals not only in Indonesia but also abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates about the behavior of Indonesian natural zeolite especially preliminary result before having water adsorption characteristic, whereas their used as an adsorbent. The sources of natural zeolite in Indonesia which can adsorb water are abundant. They rarely used on application in cooling, but in others such as refinery, water treatment and fertilizer. The raw materials of natural zeolite from Blitar, East Java, Indonesia were activated, after that it was under ion exchange process before it goes to NaOH desilication process by 0.02, 0.05, and 0.1 M NaOH. Some characterization tests were conduct to know the surface area using Brunauer_Emmet-Teller (BET), percentage of the component inside the natural zeolite by the X-Ray Fluorecent (XRF) Analysis, and characterization about the outside morphology of the adsorbent by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Rays spectroscopy (EDS). The result show that natural zeolite with NZFB 0.02 M NaOH is the best among others (0.01 M and 0.05 M) and could be used as an adsorbent in cooling application with BET surface area of 205.127 m2 g-1 and Si/Al ratio 5.9 where they should adsorb water fast and remove it fast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine and coastal ecosystems are vulnerable to water pollution which can come from the land and coastal activities. The establishment of seawater quality standards is the basis for ecological risk assessment of marine pollution. In this paper we describe the development of our seawater quality metric, so-called the UI BlueMetric. Seawater quality conditions were studied using a seawater sample from Carita Beach, Sukarame Village, Province of Banten, Indonesia. UI BlueMetric quantifies the level of seawater conditions state. Laboratory test results processed on UI BlueMetric tools showed that the seawater from Carita Beach scored 2775 out 5700 for the seawater quality criteria of UI BlueMetric [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19's rapidly spread in Indonesia is a serious concern for government. Various government policies, such as large-scale social restrictions, which is called as PSBB, and the imposing restrictions on community activities, be called as PPKM, have been applied to slow the spread of COVID-19. These policies were supposed to control people activities in many areas, especially that will invite the crowd happening. In this paper, the control charts be explored to obtain the overview of the daily new COVID-19 cases number, which is considered as a production process. The proportion of positive COVID-19 cases be observed and monitored using P-control chart. The data used is from the specimen COVID-19 test in DKI Jakarta Province, since April 2020 to January 2021. It is obtained that the process of daily new COVID-19 cases number has not been statistically controlled. It is detected some mean shifts of proportion in some point of times. Several findings indicate an upward trend, suggesting that the proportion of positive cases COVID-19 is rising. The public's conduct in Jakarta has served as a model for the government in designing policies to tackle the spread of Covid-19. However, due to the high mobility of Jakarta residents and its lack of consistency in the region, the COVID-19 process still remained out of control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the past few years, the development of PISA-like problems in Indonesia has been increased by using various contexts. As one of the contents mentioned in the PISA framework, quantity is a basic concept in learning mathematics. Therefore, this study aims to identify the contexts in the content of quantity used in the PISA-like mathematics problems which have been developed and published in accredited journals. This study applies Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The SLR method identifies, analyzes, evaluates, and categorizes specific contexts used in the PISA-like mathematics problems in the content of quantity. This paper reviews twenty-five articles from five journals with S1 and S2 accredited category by the Department of Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia. Those articles discuss about the development of PISA-like mathematics problems in Indonesia. Based on the document analysis, it can be concluded that from the twenty-five articles, there are three articles discuss about the development of PISA-like mathematics problems in the content of quantity. In terms of context category, a problem uses scientific category and the other problems use societal category. The first article uses public and private transportation restriction regulation during the large-scale social restrictions (LSSR) and panic buying in Palembang as the contexts, the second article uses Mount Krakatau as the context, and the third article uses making hand sanitizer based on WHO standard as the context. Therefore, this finding give insight on meaningful contexts that can be used to support students' mathematical literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the internet has been penetrating Indonesia for more than 20 years, data connectivity remains one of the concerning issues especially in the energy sector. Energy meters, which are the main instruments to control energy retails at consumer's side, have been mostly replaced from analog to digital smart meters. However, the generated data have yet integrated to the headquarter due to the poor data transmission costing power companies' opportunities in terms of business evaluation and improvement or accurate decision makings or the benefit obstruction of a properly functioning monitoring and control system. This paper proposes a novel design of hierarchical smart meter data hub to bridge the digital gap in the distribution level of the energy domain based on internet of things (IoT) technology, reasonably applicable for current development in Indonesia. In addition to the data hub architecture proposed, the 3 applicable data transfer protocols to deal with the existing network telecommunication infrastructure characterized by limited bandwidth are additionally presented in a practical approach. As this data hub architecture is designed to work with various distributed data networks enabling smart meters to directly communicate for the power company, implementing this method is potentially expected to accelerate the implementation of IoT based smart grid in a certain level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher education institution which conducts internship in the engineering field triggers questionable remarks from the public due to learning outcomes measurement process. In Indonesia, the education process offers pros and cons to assess the student learning outcomes during institutional accreditation, especially vocational college since its special characteristics. Moreover, a compulsory course like internship brings high complexity to assess the learning outcomes due to lack of supervision from department members. During the internship, the learning outcomes cover five necessary aspects: attitude, knowledge, special skill, general skill, and internship product. The grades are delivered by the field supervisor and department supervisor who make the measurement becomes highly complicated. Huge and unprecedented attention is given to engineering departments about their accountability and the measurement method of student learning outcomes during the internship. The paper aims to propose a novel methodology called Grade and Outcome Analysis Log-sheets (GOAL6.4) program. The program could complete the measurement process with various involved variables. Furthermore, the program could specify the detailed percentage of each learning outcomes during the internship, even more, other class-based courses in the engineering department. Besides, the final result of the program could connect the relationship between students' course grades and the learning outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of technological advancements, the development of BPM (BPM) and market share ownership competition is one of the most important challenges faced by managers and organizational leaders in the current era. Almost all organizations or companies, no exception organizations or Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), need a system that can integrate business operations to run well, quickly, and efficiently. To integrate the system, it must be ensured that the BPM of the organization or company is effective. Enterprises that have implemented BPM effectively help to improve organizational performance to achieve competitive advantage. With maturity, it is expected to measure the BPM ability performance in an organization or business. This paper provides how a BPM maturity level has been applied in MSMEs using a literature study method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate a cascade wide-band of radio spectrum in all direction surround the Indonesian National Radio Astron-omy Observatory in Timau. A statistical method is used to quantify the threshold of the noise level in order to determine the suitable signal strength limit for the site selection of a radio quite zone (RQZ). In this paper, some important Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) sources that can potentially disturb for any future radio astronomical observations in National Timau Observatory have been identified. Based on our comparison of all the radio spectra profiles between each direction observation, we found that, two radio source are dominantly active in all direction within the frequency range around 5.2 and 5.5 GHz. Meanwhile the spectra profile that has a frequency range larger than 10 GHz are relatively silent. But, oppositely, the spectra profile of the frequency range lower than 1 GHz is fully crowded by broadcasting radio sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As technology develops, the use of artificial intelligence is increasingly widespread, including in remote sensing. Artificial intelligence can also be used to obtain various information from satellite imagery such as image processing, recognition, or identification. The existence of this technology is in-line with the increasing availability of various existing satellite images. Artificial intelligence can assist users in detecting objects in the image more faster than the traditional ones. In the identification process through image, training data is needed in the form of a dataset with a certain label. In this paper, we will discuss the method creation of remote sensing dataset for estimating burned area by using Landsat-8 imagery with Python and Geographic Information System (GIS) software. The final purpose of this study is to provide the dataset of burned area considering that almost every year Indonesia experiences land fires. With the dataset for the burnt area, it is hoped that it can help respond to and handle fire disasters more quickly and efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The air quality index is an important air quality standard for assessing air pollution, wherein to develop spatio-temporal air quality index prediction models in hourly temporal frequencies using ground-based sensor data combined with satellite meteorological and remote sensing data. Applying machine learning method, mainly encoder decoder long short term memory (EDLSTM) as the predictor model, this paper describes daily prediction studies of air quality index (AQI) level and particulate matter (PM)2.5 concentration. In the process, the data preprocessing and exploratory data analysis (EDA) approach was used to mitigate data processing errors by identifying missing values, outliers, and features correlation in the whole dataset. It then was continued by analyzing trends of identified pollutants over time to develop models that produce future predictive outputs. The final work showed that for the AQI standard, EDLSTM model with the root mean squared propagation (RMSProp) optimizer at epoch 50 is the best prediction model since it produced the lowest root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) values, 5.96 and 8.09 sequentially. Meanwhile, the model with Adam optimizer at epoch 700 is the best prediction for PM2.5 concentration standard, in which the RMSE and MAE delivered the lowest values, 2.53 and 3.53. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia's fourth microsatellite, LAPAN-A4, is planned to be launched at the end of 2022. The satellite will carry nine payloads, two of which are line imager sensors named SLIM4 and ELLISA. The payloads have four multispectral bands, which are R, G, B, and NIR. In order to get an accurate image, a correct and precise image processing technique is required. One of these image processing steps is a geometric correction. Geometric correction or georeferencing is the process of associating the image geometry to the actual magnitude and units on earth, which is done by equating the position of the target location in the image with the precise location on earth. There are two types of georeferencing, the rigorous sensor model (physical model) and the generalized sensor model (empirical model). The rigorous sensor model (RSM) is believed to be the most reliable method that can be applied to the overall image generated by the imaging system. It is the best choice for areas where in situ ground control point (GCP) measurements are not possible. It has been applied in SPOT-4,5,6,7 and Landsat-8 satellite data. This paper proposes a method of systematic geometric correction for LAPAN-A4 satellite data generated by SLIM4 and ELLISA sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multispectral optical remote sensing images are often contaminated by haze and cirrus, especially for tropical regions such as Indonesia. This will affect the image quality and reduce the accuracy of the interpretation of the existing data. A number of methods for performing haze detection and haze removal have been developed by experts. However, haze detection and removal still remain one of the most important challenges for the correction of multispectral optical data. Haze detection and removal are also needed, especially in producing cloud-free mosaic images. A method to perform haze removal on SPOT 6/7 images using the haze index algorithm is presented in this paper. The haze removal method is developed based on the reflectance values of the blue and the red bands of SPOT 6/7 imagery. A new algorithm with new coefficient is proposed to remove the haze on SPOT 6/7 imagery. Haze removal is done by using haze index algorithm and haze threshold limit value. The experimental result demonstrate that the new coefficient used in the haze index algorithm give better result in performing haze removal on SPOT 6/7 imagery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Day/Night Band (DNB) is one of products provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) series satellite data. It comes from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor that measure visible and near-infrared light quantitatively. Nighttime monitoring from DNB contains information based on low-light visible source emitted by earth surface. By utilizing that source, DNB imagery shows earth condition in nighttime despite its limitation. In this paper, DNB imagery is automatically generated in near-real time to be discussed about its potential and information they carried. The automation system to generate DNB products is proposed by using open-source software called Community Satellite Processing Package (CSPP) Polar2Grid Version 2.3. CSPP Polar2Grid works as main processing system. VIIRS SDR (Sensor Data Records) data is required for the input with.h5 file format. The output of DNB imagery will be in GEOTIFF (.tiff) file format. The whole automation system consists of some modules to look for the newest data available, process it and save it in the storage. Dynamic DNB shows better visualization of the night light than the other type of DNB. Visible night displayed in dynamic DNB imagery clearly shows the existence of activities using light and electricity during nighttime. It could be the street lighting, residential, industry, ship lighting and etc. Future research such as power consumption, fisheries activity or even socio-economy could possibly be equipped by DNB imagery as complementary data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GGMPlus data is a combination of GOCE and Grace Satellite Gravity data, EGM2008, and short-wavelength topographic gravity effects. This data has a resolution of∼200 m for the mainland. In this study, we used GGMPlus data to identify faults and subsurface in the Mamasa region in western Sulawesi using the gravity method. This paper discusses the result of 3-dimensional (3-D) gravity modeling for mapping subsurface structures in the Mamasa area associated with the presence of active faults. The second vertical derivative (SVD) filtering method was performed on simple Bouguer anomaly (SBA) data to obtain the straightness of the geological structure in the study area. Meanwhile, 3-D gravity modeling was carried out to obtain an overview of the continuity of fault structures in the vertical direction as a function of depth. The modeling results show that up to a depth of between 3.5 and 4 km, two blocks have a density of 1,764 g/cc and 3,189 g.cc, respectively. The utilization of satellite data from GGMPlus is very helpful in identifying active faults in Indonesia for efforts to improve earthquake disaster mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amphibious aircraft are needed in many areas in Indonesia that are difficult to reach by air transportation. With this amphibious aircraft, an amphiport is needed for aircraft to land on water. This amphiport requires a lower cost when compared to airport infrastructure. Due to the different landing sites, the load response that occurs on the seaplane structure at the time of landing will be different. In this paper, we will try to predict the pressure that occurs on the surface of the float when the aircraft lands on the water. The prediction is carried out by numerical simulation using software. Numerical simulations were carried out with several variations of angle of attack and several heeling conditions, namely 0, 5, and 10 degrees for trim by bow and trim by stern and 0, 5, 10, and 18 degrees for heeling conditions. This modeling has been verified by sensitivity meshing analysis. From the results of this study, it is obtained that the greater the angle of trim, the greater the maximum pressure that occurs on the surface of the float. Likewise with the heeling condition, the greater the angle of heeling, the greater the maximum pressure that occurs on the surface of the float. A structural assessment using the Finite Element Method (FEM) is recommended to determine whether the float structures are strong enough. The load or pressure obtained from the above research will be applied to the FEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is fully engaged in the acceleration and prolongation of economic growth. Indonesia expects annual economic growth of 6 percent within 5 (five) years. One indicator of the ease of attracting foreign investors to Indonesia is to have rapid access to the investment licensing process. The Omnibus Legislation is used as a facility to promote the provision of investment. This system, the Spatial Planning Rule, affects at least 79 laws and regulations. This paper intends to analyze the Spatial Planning Law's reform through the omnibus law process, which is applied to the law of work development. Normative legal analysis is this type of research. A conceptual approach is a form used. This research shows that Indonesia's spatial planning reforms to encourage investment should, therefore, be introduced with the use of 5 (five) improvements. Simplifying simpler licensing forms has led to a spatial change in the direction of investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of mineral and coal mining governance is broken into 3 (three) generations in Indonesia. In 1967, the first generation began by drawing international investors to Indonesia by spending their capital; in 2009, the second generation went from centralization to decentralization with a shift of authority. In 2020, the third generation shifted the mining exploitation structure from a decentralized authority position to a centralized one. There has been much opposition from the Mining Law of 1967 to Mining Law of 2020, from the centralized resource and coal management structure into management. In addition to presenting a negative image, it is anticipated that the Mining Law of 2020 would offer a strong picture of openness, engagement, and responsibility in achieving good governance. However, given the current economic liberalization rate in Indonesia, the evident liberalization of natural resources, particularly minerals and gas, which are enshrined in liberal laws and regulations, has resulted. This research is intended to analyze the different principles of resource and coal governance and management and efficiency in African countries. Also, the approach used in this paper is conventional, giving a study of governance in terms of mineral and coal management in African countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global view requires sustainable development. The principle that must be applied in the national development activities of each nation. This has implications for management that must pay attention to social, environment and economic sustainability. The use of sustainable technology is one means that must be chosen. The main goal can be realized. The problem that became the study in this paper is how do you use sustainable technology? For key words used are general forms, data forms as secondary data, regulatory approach, prescriptive nature of research and deductive data analysis techniques. The results of the study show that in the perspective of positive law, the enthusiasm to use technology is available in the PPLH Law, but unfortunately the Mining Law does not explicitly require "sustainable mining technology". Therefore, in the future there needs to be a policy reform on the use of technology to support sustainability in the Mining Law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to data from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesia has a water energy potential of 75 GW. However, only 8.1% of this potential has been utilized. Therefore, it is necessary to develop potential energy sources to increase energy for Indonesia. one of the potential energies comes from water resources known as hydro energy. This paper aims to design an innovative concept of a water turbine that flows from inside a pipe that utilizes wastewater. Pipe Flow Turbine or TULIPA is an innovative concept of water turbine with exhaust pipe as a new renewable energy power plant. TULIPA is a hydroelectric power plant that has advantages, among others; sustainable, low emission, can be used in any season. This turbine will produce an estimate power around 2395,379 kW, whereas this number is expected to be enough to supply for the daily needs of electricity for devices like television, lights, and any room cooler. With this turbine available in the market, we expect that the cost of electricity for every household may be decreased severely, and to change people mind from using limited energy source, such as fossil energy and try to make use of better technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The best investment for the progress of the nation in a country is to realize quality education. Quality education can be obtained with adequate infrastructure. Facilities in education are facilities that are used directly in educational activities so that the desired learning objectives can be achieved. Educational infrastructure has several types, which can be in the form of indirectly supporting the educational process. Educational facilities and infrastructure are meaningful because the quality of education can be improved through the provision of facilities and infrastructure. Good quality education can adapt in the era of society 5.0. An era where society is human-centred and technology-based. This attracts researchers to conduct a literature review about the role of infrastructure in improving the quality of education towards the era of society 5.0. There are many articles that discuss facilities and infrastructure to improve the quality of education. This paper is a literature review that aims to determine the preparation of educational facilities and infrastructure in the era of society 5.0 so that it will have a positive impact on education in Indonesia. Based on the results of a literature review from various studies at home and abroad, it is known that adequate educational facilities and infrastructure will create higher quality education and are ready for the era of society 5.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control of variables strategy is one of the strategies involved in scientific discovery and verification of hypotheses. It is important to assess the development of scientific thinking of Indonesian students, but we cannot find any measurement to assess scientific thinking particularly control of variables strategy for Indonesian students. The purpose of this study was to conduct the Indonesian adaptation of the Control of Variables Strategy Inventory (CVSI). The CVSI is a paper and pencil instrument that measures three sub-skills of control of variables strategy: Identification, Interpretation, and Understanding. The procedures of adaptation included translating the CVSI from Germany to the Indonesian language, evaluating the content and conceptual equivalence, and designing the final form of the inventory. To obtain the psychometry properties, a sample of 162 eighth grade students completed the inventory. The hypothesized measurement model was unidimensional and was examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Fit model was obtained after conducting modification of model as shown by fit index Chi-square=6.596, df=5, p=.252, GFI=.986, CFI=.983, TLI=.966, RMSEA=.041. The model comprises five Interpretation items with the lowest loading factor. 44 and Cronbach's alpha =. 610 as reliability coefficient. It seems that the items assessing Identification and Understanding skills that fit for 7, 8, and 9-grade students in Germany are not appropriate for eighth-grade students in Indonesia. Next research should examine whether this result is related to the development of the domain-general ability of reasoning, to domain-specific of physics knowledge, or to other factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of education in the learning process is influenced by the phenomenon of Society 5.0. Education in Indonesia has also adapted to these changes by applying the concept "Merdeka Belajar." "Merdeka Belajar" means freedom of learning, which allows students to learn as freely and freely as they can to learn calmly, relax, and happily without stress. "Merdeka Belajar" aims to provide a happy atmosphere for teachers, students, and parents. "Merdeka Belajar" for students is influenced by external factors such as culture, the environment, and social relations. These factors seem likely to be closer to the concept that has been established and intact in the school climate. Feeling happy and comfortable at school is a great motivator for student learning and growth. The final aspect of the school atmosphere is students' perceptions of safety. The goal of this research is to figure out what makes a good school atmosphere and how it relates to the "Merdeka Belajar" notion. An integrated overview of school climate studies is presented in this paper. Experimental research, correlational studies, literature reviews, and other descriptive studies are among the citations cited in this study. Safety, Relationships, Teaching and Learning, Institutional Environment, and the School Improvement Process were found to be the qualities of a successful school environment. These five essential dimensions can create independence in learning. This article explores the consequences of the features of the school atmosphere in "Merdeka Belajar" based on the findings of this study." An effective school climate is expected to be able to realize "Merdeka Belajar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Government of Indonesia is trying to accelerate infrastructure projects to increase national economic growth. One of the infrastructure projects is the Trans Sumatera Toll Road (TSTR), built spans across Sumatera Island from the north to the southern part of the island, about 2,704 km. The developed connectivity is expected to increase regional economic growth and competitiveness on the island of Sumatera. This paper aims to identify the leading economic sectors in the region that the TSTR will pass by considering the northern part of Sumatera as the focus of the study. The location quotient (LQ) method was used to determine the leading economic sector in the province in the northern part of Sumatera by using the gross regional domestic product (GRDP). This study shows that regencies and cities in the Provinces of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam and North Sumatera have the potential to contribute to regional economic growth, with the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors in both provinces as the leading sectors. With the existence of TSTR, it is expected to be able to increase the regional economy by accelerating the mobility of goods from these leading sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the strategy of determining logistics hubs' location to carry out an efficient distribution function in terms of logistics costs. This study examines the logistics hub for rice commodities. In 2018 Indonesia experienced a rice surplus and rice imports simultaneously. The surplus of rice production in question is 2.85 million tons. However, in the same year, Indonesia imported 2.2 million tons of rice. The problem arises when it comes to the different costs of distribution from one point to another. Efforts need to be made to improve the performance of logistics hubs in terms of strategic, tactical, and operational capabilities. Operational costs are assumed to be minimal to achieve distribution effectiveness and efficiency by determining the logistics hub based on the cheapest shipping costs. This study contributes to the determination of the location of the logistics hub by using two stages of the clustering analysis, namely Ward's and K-Means clustering methods. At the first stage, this paper utilizes Ward's method and results in the significant increasing coefficient at the 20th stage indicating that 2 clusters were formed. The value of these 2 (two) clusters will be the input (k value) on the second stage, K-Means. The K-Means method produces 14 and 8 members in clusters 1 and 2, respectively. In cluster 1, points 4, 9, 12, and 19 were selected to be logistics hubs. Another logistics hub in cluster 2 will be located in points 8 and 11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the digital era, as it is today, accurate information services are needed, coupled with the current state of the COVID-19 pandemic, which certainly makes the economy in a country decline, especially Indonesia. People who are undergoing MSMEs are hampered because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has made people change the way they do buy and sell activities online. E-commerce is one of the means or applications for trading via the internet where people can transact to meet their needs. This paper aims to identify the role of E-commerce in helping MSMEs in Indonesia using a systematic literature review method. With this research, researchers hope to identify the role of E-commerce in the national scope, especially in Indonesia. Research to be carried out includes looking for journals about E-commerce in Indonesia, analyzing the development of MSMEs in each of their business fields, reviewing the results of how E-commerce can help MSMEs in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of biomass through co-combustion technology in industry and coal-fired power plants (CFPP) is being tested intensively. Biomass can replace 5-10% of coal capacity in CFPP and results in massive demand for biomass supply availability. Biomass from agricultural residues has excellent energy potential, with a theoretically convertible biomass energy value of 682,771 GW. However, the difference between agricultural residue biomass characteristics and coal causes a disadvantage in power generation, such as power de-rating. The process of converting agricultural residue biomass into solid fuel with coal equivalent characteristics needs to be carried out so that substitution of coal to biomass or with co-combustion technology can be implemented. This paper discusses the potential of agricultural residue biomass and methods of converting agricultural residues biomass into solid fuels for co-combustion technology. From the results of this study, it was discussed that the conversion technology commonly used in agricultural residue biomass is torrefaction (either wet or dry torrefaction). To optimize the conversion process of agricultural residues biomass into coal equivalent solid fuel, it is suggested a combination of conversion technology (multi-process) to be applied and used for processing several types of biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of strategic orientation on women small and medium business owners' ability to innovate. This study's strategic orientation utilised three constructs: market, learning, and technology. The data was acquired using random sampling from 149 small and medium-sized enterprises in the typical culinary industry in Indonesia. The data analysis technique is multiple regression. The findings demonstrated that market, technology, and learning orientations have a favorable and significant impact on female entrepreneurs' innovative ability. In general, women small and medium entrepreneurs in Indonesia are entrepreneurial because they wish to support the family economy, not as their main work. So, our comprehension of the strategy's direction and innovation potential is still limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the relation between the human development index and the poverty rate in origin and expansion regions in eastern Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative research approach with Quantile Regression (QR) analysis as the analysis tool. The results showed that the human development index influences the Poverty rate in the origin and expansion region of eastern Indonesia. Human development has a negative effect towards the poverty rate. This research is limited to the number of samples and the scope, which are limited in the region of Indonesia. The results of this research can add empirical evidence related to human development and poverty, especially in Indonesia. This research is expected to be a reference on human development and poverty in Indonesia to be studied more deeply to investigate the causes of poverty in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]