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Traffic congestion is one of the most common problems in line with the increase in population and economic activity. To tackle this problem, many places in the world place a traffic light in most major or dense traffic intersections. The traffic lights, especially in Indonesia, are conventionally giving the signals; it always repeats the same cycle over time. This practice has a weakness in its inability to adapt to various traffic conditions. Reinforcement learning is a popular approach for intelligent traffic signal controller as it has advantages such as self learning without the need of supervision, goal oriented, real-time adaptation and curse of dimensionality management. One of the algorithms that can be used is Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (A3C). This paper will discuss the experiments of Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic performance compared to stable baseline Advantage Actor-Critic performance using real-life-like traffic rules environments in SUMO with an open-source repository using the Indonesian traffic rules Environment. Results given in this study show that Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (A3C) got a faster learning time and effective in gaining optimal result compared to Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C) using real-life-like traffic rules environments in SUMO with an open-source repository. Furthermore, our results indicate that the advantage of using A3C is not that visible in the single intersection scenario, but notable in the four and nine intersections scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of step in forecasting using fuzzy time series is to build fuzzy logic relationship. Many investigators have generalized a fuzzy logic relationship. Algorithms, computational methods and grouping the Fuzzy Logical Relationship (FLR) are three methods based on advanced to build a high order fuzzy time series models. The last kind model is used to determine the forecasting decisions. To improve the fuzzy time series of the approximate model, this paper presents a high-order fuzzy time series model denoted as GTS(M, N) based on the basis of generalization fuzzy logical relationship by proposing improvements of universe of discourse, historical data variations, partition stages and weighting stages. The first, define the universe of discourse, then define the intervals based on historical data. Second, the primary interval is partitioned based on frequency density into several sub-intervals. Third, perform different weightings on FLR to calculate the final forecasting value. The proposed model will be implemented in time series data of coffee production in Indonesia from 2000-2019. Based on these experiment, we obtained a better errors value than the existing method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective teachers are an important quality of education to be developed. This research aims to describe high school mathematics teachers in Indonesia from the following aspects: (1) the effectiveness, and (2) the affecting factors of its effectiveness. This research was a survey research. This research was conducted from October to November 2020. The research samples were 27 teachers of high school in Indonesia. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires and documentation study. The data analysis technique used was descriptive analysis which quantitative data analysis consists of (1) categorization techniques and (2) inferential analysis using regression. The results showed that high school mathematics teachers in Indonesia were in the category of sufficient and teacher training contributes negatively to effective mathematics teachers. The researcher also found that mathematics teachers needed training related to Classroom Action Research, Lesson Study, making research journals/Scientific Papers, mathematics teacher training/training workshops (scientific forum), mathematics teacher training/workshops (learning community) as an effort to improve the quality of learning and professional development as a teacher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes to analyze of waste in manufacturing process of Crude Palm Oil (CPO). A case study was conducted in PTPN V Sei Galuh, Indonesia. The method of Value Stream Mapping (VSM) was adapted to identification and minimizes the waste in manufacturing process of CPO. The VSM can identify value added, non value added and necessary non value added activities at each work station of CPO manufacturing process in case study. The results revealed the raw material factor that was greatly influences the waste, followed by factors of equipment, worker and environment. Therefore, the adoption of lean manufacturing may minimize the waste and increase the productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inside Bedugul Tabanan Bali, Indonesia develops Stinging Nettle (Laportea bulbifera (Siebold & Zucc) Wedd) at altitude 1000 -1500 meters. Stinging nettle thrives and is abundant in the Bedugul area with the high tensile strength of the fiber. Nettle fiber has possible as a replacement for synthetic glass fiber used for composite reinforcement. Its advantages are in tensile strength, impact, and lightweight. The principle of this research was to clarify the impact strength of an epoxy composite reinforced with nettle fiber based on the fiber immersion treatment with a chemical solution with an impact test. This paper examines the effect of nettle fiber treatment on 5% NaOH solution and silane coupling agent at 3%, 6%, and 9% concentrations. Composite materials are produced by the hand lay-up molding method. The results showed that the highest impact strength value was 11.88 kJ/m2 at 6% silane, 30% fiber weight fraction. NaOH solution can remove impurities and lignin in the fiber. Nettle fiber treated with Silane coupling agent solution can form a strong bond in the matrix because it has removed the hydroxy group. Based going on the results of the research, it can remain concluded to the impact strength of the epoxy composite reinforced with nettle fiber has a higher impact strength in the 6% Silane treatment. Epoxy with nettle fiber has the potential to be applied as an Electric Battery Box. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing number of air pollution in various big cities in Indonesia currently increases concern. The facts show that air pollutants such as Particulate Matter and 5 elements such as HC, CO, CO2, O2 and NOx exceeded the ambient air quality standard threshold. In countries that have strict vehicle exhaust emission standards, those 5 elements must be measured, but Indonesia only measured 4 elements of the exhaust gas, without NOx. Most of the existing smoke detector tools are very inefficient to be used because of their large shape. Therefore, an exhaust emission detector test instrument was made on vehicles, in order to determine the level of emission threshold value. This study used a circuit consisting of a microcontroller block, input/output block, programmer block and Sensor block. In the microcontroller block, there are three important parts, including the oscillator circuit, the reset circuit, and the voltage circuit. In this paper, the tool was designed to read the value of exhaust emissions on the vehicle and make a comparison with that in Poltrada Bali workshop emission test equipment. Results showed that this design tool detected in real time and could show the air quality from the detection results. The measurement of exhaust emissions can be done in a short time and obtain definite results. The gas sensor can be calibrated by providing the desired value through a serial programming interface to the computer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia as an agrarian country has potential in the agricultural aspect. One of the agricultural products used is rice, but there is a straw waste that is generated. In this paper, the use of straw waste was performed to design and manufacture a straw press for the animal feed. The method of designing a straw press is carried out in several stages. The first stage is making a design concept. The second stage is preparing the materials and equipment that will be used. The third stage is making the components of the straw press. The fourth stage assembles the components into a functionally straw press. The design results have been obtained through a straw press with a mechanical system and it has been functioning properly. In addition, a study on construction calculations was conducted. It can be concluded that the design of the straw press has been carried out well, thus it is proven that this tool has been functioning properly to press straw into animal feed ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the development of computer games has shown a tremendous surge. The ease and speed of internet access today have also influenced the development of computer games, especially computer games that are played online. Internet technology has allowed computer games to be played in multiplayer mode. Interaction between players in a computer game can be built in several ways, one of which is by providing balanced opponents. Opponents can be developed using intelligent agents. On the other hand, research on developing intelligent agents is also growing rapidly. In computer game development, one of the easiest ways to measure the performance of an intelligent agent is to develop a virtual environment that allows the intelligent agent to interact with other players. In this research, we try to develop an intelligent agent and virtual environment for the board game. To be easily accessible, the intelligent agent and virtual environment are then developed into an Application Programming Interface (API) service called Gapoera API. The Gapoera API service that is built is expected to help game developers develop a game without having to think much about the artificial intelligence that will be embedded in the game. This service provides a basic multilevel intelligent agent that can provide users with playing board games commonly played in Indonesia. Although the Gapoera API can be used for various types of games, in this paper, we will focus on the discussion on a popular traditional board game in Indonesia, namely Mancala. The test results conclude that the multilevel agent concept developed has worked as expected. On the other hand, the development of the Gapoera API service has also been successfully accessed on several game platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twitter is a well-known social media platform with over 500 million users worldwide. More than 100 languages were identified from among a million tweets. However, only 34 formal languages are supported by Twitter. It becomes challenging to do regional language identification. In Indonesia, Twitter does not recognize the Javanese and Sundanese languages. In this paper, a mechanism to automatically identify Javanese and Sundanese languages is proposed. It implements six deep learning methods: RNN, LSTM, Bi-LSTM, GRU, CNN, and Multichannel CNN. Twitter data is used in the experiment. Generally, those methods performed well in discriminating the languages. A comparison of the results shows that the LSTM technique performed better than the other techniques with an F1-score of 0.9985. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural insurance as a strategy in agricultural risk management mechanism has been introduced to paddy farmers in Indonesia for the last recent years. This strategy proves important to provide protection and easiness to bear the risk of farmingfor farmers. Personal interviews with a structured questionnaire were conducted with paddy farmers who joined an agricultural insurance called Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi (AUTP) program in Pati Regency to determine their preference to the product's attributes. Conjoint analysis was utilized to determine the importance of selected attributes of such insurance policies for these farmers. Research found that the premium insurance cost attribute is the most important factor and coverage attribute is the least important one. The results showed that the preference's utility of premium cost more than IDR180000, coverage less than 1 year, compensation of crop failure greater than 75% land area, and claim process more than 14 working days are the best option accordingto AUTP participants. This paper underlines the importance of designing premium cost and its subsidy to fully support the development of agricultural insurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virus is one of the sugarcane plant pathogens that have a potential to reduce sugarcane and sugar yields. Several viral diseases have been reported in sugarcane plantations in Indonesia and some of them cause a significant impact on sugarcane/sugar production. The major viral disease of sugarcane in Indonesia is mosaic disease. There are two types of viruses that cause mosaic disease, namely Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV) and Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus (SCSMV). The outbreak of SCMV occurred in the 1930s and 1970s, while the outbreak of SCSMV happened in 2005. Other existing viruses that have been reported are Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus (SCYLV) in some commercial farms, Sugarcane Bacilliform Virus (SCBV) in germplasm collection, and Fiji Disease Virus (FDV) in wild sugarcane. The transmission of viral diseases is mainly through diseased cane cuttings. Sugarcane growers generally pay less attention to the health of seed canes so that the viral diseases can spread easily and quickly. The main strategy for controlling viral diseases is through planting resistant varieties and using virus-free planting materials. This paper reviews viral diseases of sugarcane in Indonesia including records of occurrences, bioecology and control strategies as well as informs an exotic viral disease that have a potential to threaten Indonesia's sugarcane plantations. The review is expected to provide scientific literature and guidance for effective viral disease management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the reliability and availability of boiler critical components in a steam power plant. The Monte Carlo simulation results are expected to be a reference for maintenance and repair times that will be used in the future. Steam power plant is one in every of the foremost wide used power plants in Indonesia, and one of them is located in Nagan Raya Regency, Aceh, Indonesia. Nagan Raya steam power plant has an installed capacity of 2x110 megawatts. The highest failure frequency is found in the boiler, this is reflected in the high downtime. Performance in terms of reliability and availability needs to be evaluated to minimize these failures. Monte Carlo simulation is used as an evaluator to increase the reliability and availability of performance by predicting failure time and repair time (TTF and TTR) for each critical component of boiler part. Monte Carlo simulation uses random numbers with a uniform distribution (0 to 1) generated from generating random numbers, then converting them to non-uniform distributions using the inverse transformation method. Monte Carlo simulation will be carried out on eight critical components of the two boiler units at Nagan Raya steam power plant. Monte Carlo simulation results on eight critical components of the boiler obtained a reliability value of 30% to 42% with TTF at 260 hours to 1.312 hours, a reliability value of 22% to 41% with TTR at 1,57 hours to 2,26 hours, and the average availability value is above 99%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presented in this paper is the utilization of house of risk in formulating a risk mitigation strategy for the supply chain of cloves in Simeulue District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. This application is expected to minimize the risk of the clove supply chain, as well as create an effective and efficient clove supply chain condition that can benefit producers (farmers). Cloves are strategic commodities and agricultural products that are mostly managed by the Indonesian people. Simeulue Regency is one of the clove producers in Aceh Province, where most of the people work as clove farmers. Fluctuation of clove prices every year makes the welfare of clove farmers decrease. This is due to supply chain risks that have never been mapped by local farmers. To solve this problem, house of risk method will be used to map the risk of the clove commodity supply chain from upstream to downstream as a whole. The risks that have the highest value will be formulated for mitigation actions. The results of the house of risk mapping, there are 6 highest risk agents whose mitigation actions will be formulated, namely: Improper transportation technique (A7) with an ARP value of 330, lack of experience in sourcing raw materials (A3) with an ARP value of 288, non-compliance with clove shipping documents (A13) with an ARP value of 276, ineffective communication (A9) with an ARP value 258, non-compliance with agreements with clove suppliers (A11) with an ARP value of 189, and failure to negotiate prices with producers (A15) with an ARP value of 126. Mitigation measures that have been formulated are conducting training (A7), evaluating the performance of raw material suppliers (A3), take work measurements (A13), evaluating effective communication systems (A9), evaluating supplier performance (A11), and evaluating cooperation with the producers (A15). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is a country that stands at the confluence of three major plates of the earth, namely the Indo-Australian plate, the Eurasian plate and the Pacific plate, which are actively moving. The plate that greatly affects the situation around the Java region is the urging of the Indo-Australian plate towards the Eurasian plate. This situation caused the formation of many volcanoes in Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Papua, and active movement between plates often causes earthquakes in the region. Indonesia's geographical location has a high risk of earthquake impact, but the rapid development and growth of infrastructure can affect the service life of a building structure. Earthquakes are dynamic loads that can not be predicted, particularly for buildings designed with old design codes and standards, which are vulnerable to earthquake/seismic loads. To achieve satisfactory global seismic behavior, it is necessary to evaluate the existing structure and add appropriate retrofitting. This paper analyzes the retrofitting of steel structures using the X-Bracing BRB with the Pushover Analysis Method. The results of this study are presented in the form of a fragility curve that describes the probability of damage before and after retrofitting X-Bracing BRB. By knowing the overall structure in the form of a capacity curve, it is possible to evaluate the retrofitting strategy rationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is one of the most important sectors in Indonesia. However, since the COVID-19 pandemic, tourism industries has declined significantly. Restrictions on mobility and activities in public places affect the tourism sector. One of them can be seen from the hotel room occupancy rate (ROR). ROR in Indonesia experienced a significant decline in mid-2020, since the spread of COVID-19 was confirmed in Indonesia. Until the end of 2020, Indonesia's ROR seems to have increased, but still cannot fully recover as before the pandemic. It's been a year since the first COVID-19 case in Indonesia. Various policies have been implemented by the central and regional governments in dealing with this pandemic. To find out how much ROR has improved in 2021, this paper discusses the analysis of national and provinces level ROR in January 2020-June 2021 from BPS survey and big data. These two data are compared to see how well the ROR generated by big data represents the official ROR from the BPS survey. The result from big data analysis show that majority of provinces have not experienced significant ROR improvements in 2021. The result is in line with ROR from the BPS survey, as well as the demand pattern shown from the google trends data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial models have attracted considerable interest in the recent economics both on an empirical and theoretical level. One of the most widely used spatial models is the single equation model. Spatial simultaneous equation model as an extension of the widely used spatial single equation model and can uses more than one equations. Simultaneous equation models using panel data, especially for fixed effect with two way error component where there are spatial autoregressive still few of their development and requaire to be developed. This paper proposed Generalized Spatial two stage least square (GS2SLS) two way error component model to describes the simultaneous relationship between four inclusive growth indicators and spatial linkages between regions in 34 provinces in Indonesia (2015-2019) The results prove that there are simultaneous relationships between the four indicators and spatial linkages between regions in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore the feasibility of using Ambu-Line as an innovative task to increase the rapid response time to the situation of people in urgent need of assistance amidst the digital environment of the twenty-first century. This study examines the results of surveys using Google Forms that were administered right after the health services concluded. The author would leave the room while the patron took the survey on the computer. The innovation articulated a clear concept in the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia's main epidemic approach: clinical trials and innovation cycles. Most people expect "better" evidence than they can get, but the evidence-gathering approach is well- suited to a very practical improvement cycle framework. Due to the size of the study sample, further studies with a larger sample are required. The results of the survey showed that the l0 participants were unfamiliar with innovation in healthcare. Three of the students had heard of the AmbuLine app, but only one had used it. This limited data suggests that there is plenty of room to expand the AmbuLine brand and marketing as a tool for innovation in patient health. As the results below show, patients learn to use AmbuLine quickly and find it useful for accessing medical services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 pandemic brings a lot of new challenges like never before. Adaptation is a must including in the learning and teaching ecosystem. A sudden switching from in-person learning to distance learning is difficult, especially in Indonesia where distance learning is still uncommon. Hence, a set of proper strategies is required to push the success rate of distance learning. This paper shares our experience in employing the pair programming approach as a part of our distance learning strategy. We applied the approach in two introductory programming courses available to the freshmen. Two grouping methods were applied (random and clustered). Based on both the final grades and the students' opinions, we conclude that pair programming is very effective to help the students reaching the course objectives. However, team commitment was reported as the biggest obstacle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ruku-ruku (Ocimum sanctum, L.) and selasih ungu (Ocimum canum, Sims.) were local types of basils (Ocimum basilicum, L.) found in Indonesia. They exhibited a good fruit fly attractant activitiy as they contained a specific chemical known as methyl eugenol. Fruit fly often pointed out to responsible for damage of some agricultural products such as melon and chili in local districts. This paper was to show the effects of addition of virgin coconut oil (VCO) on oil-based trapper in reducing the population of fruit fly and as part of pest control to the local farmer that synthetic pesticide utilization was remarkably high. Essential oil of each species of purple basils obtained from aerial part of plants and conducted by steam distillation. Each essential oil of purple basils was formulated with VCO in several ratio depending on the methyl eugenol contain that obtained from GCMS analysis with total volume 1.0 – 1.5 mL of liquid bait. Fruit fly trapper (FFT) was made from yellow color plastic bottles and placed at 1.0 m of height on the specific level of farm. In this research, FFT bait consisted of VCO formulated essential oil of ruku-ruku (Ocimum sanctum, L.) (REO-VCO) was placed on the melon farm and selasih ungu (Ocimum canum, Sims.) (SEO-VCO) on chili farm. GC-MS analysis indicated the methyl eugenol content of ruku-ruku essential oil (REO) was 61.08 % (22722553 in.peak area respectively) while methyl eugenol content of selasih ungu essential oil (SEO) was 53.44 % (36377188 in.peak area respectively). From the field study analysis and observation showed that the addition of VCO increasing the attractancy activity of the essential oils regarding of the essential oil itself. REO-VCO (618 trapped fruit flies; 200 male) showed higher activity compared to SEO-VCO (114 trapped fruit flies; 39 male). All formulated essential oils were effectively attract for female fruit fly dominantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a genetic disease that causes by mutations in DNA from a normal cell to a cancer cell. As a result, the cancer cell grows quickly and spread to other parts of the body; this condition became the leading cause of death. One of the detection methods currently used to detect tumors and metastatic tissues is conducted with radiopharmaceutical of [18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-2-D-glucose (18F-FDG). This method is quite accurate but is relatively expensive because it needs PET / CT camera that is still limited in Indonesia. With these limitations, in previous studies was developed 99mTc-DTPA-deoxy-D-glucose (99mTc-DTPA-DG) radiopharmaceutical that application using a gamma camera. As new radiopharmaceuticals, the physical and chemical characteristics of these compounds must be known. In this study, physicochemical characterization tests determined radiochemical purity, electric charge, lipophilicity (log P), and plasma protein binding. The study determines that 99mTc-DTPA-DG radiopharmaceuticals have high radiochemical purity (95.28 ± 0.87 %), neutral electric charge, the lipophilic value (log P) -1.24 and the plasma protein binding was 72.09 ± 1.65 %. The 99mTc-DTPA-DG radiopharmaceuticals liquid kit that storage up to 60 days in -20oC or additional volumes of technetium-99m up to 3 mL still gives radiochemical purity above 95%. This study obtained physicochemical characteristics that can be used as reference in a subsequent in-vivo study of 99mTc-DTPA-DG radiopharmaceutical. A comprehensive information on the bioactivity of this compound for diagnostic cancer can be obtained from an in-vivo study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the structural angle, the four-column structure is often considered the most efficient and rational way for Indonesia's common mosque structure. Single-column structure (or "Soko Tunggal") used in some historic Javanese mosques as the expression of religious and cultural symbolism, in modern times, is often considered as not efficient, not strong enough, or even not essential. The paper presents an argument that a single-column possesses advantages as good as the four-column structure. "Soko Tunggal" represents the "alpha causa prima", or God as the only divine power, the central premise in Islam which is manifested through mosque architecture. The study employs a mix-research methodology to study cultural symbolism's significance by applying topological analysis and structural efficiency using the structural analysis method and their correlation, to show the correlation between cultural symbolism and structural efficiency. There is no conflict between these two elements. The paper contributes to strengthening our knowledge in cultural symbolism discourse in the structural aspect of architecture, and understanding that tangible efficiency is not in conflict with the intangible cultural symbolic values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multilayered packaging (MLP) waste is one of Indonesia's most plastic waste types. MLP have various composition, ranges from paper to plastics to metals, and short lifespan making their waste management became harder. Here we present an innovative method to recycle multilayered packaging waste as a paving block. This can assist in providing a recycling process options on reducing the negative impact of MLP waste to the environment. Shredded MLP waste is mixed with shredded polyethylene (PE) bag waste then the mixture is processed by the hot press at 240°C. Six formulas were used to mold the paving block, and the weight ratio of PE to MLP were varied from 0.33 to 3. Paving blocks were tested for their compression strength, according to ASTM D695, to investigate the effect of MLP addition on compressive properties and its compliance to the compressive requirement from SNI 03-0691-1996. According to ASTM D792 and SNI 03-0691-1996, the density and water absorption tests were conducted to support the investigation. MLP Increment increases the compression strength and influences the density. MLP can act as binder and filler, thus filling the void inside the paving block and increasing compression strength. From the obtained results it can be concluded that LDPE_MLP (75) paving block can follow the SNI minimum requirement, in term of compression strength (50.4 MPa) and water absorption (9.95%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, many companies are competing to produce robots that can help humans. Robots can work with high accuracy, efficiency, and low power in the production of goods. Automated Guided Vehicle is one form of robot that is useful in industry. Automated Cars are another form of functional industrial robot that transports with programmable paths and directions automatically. In this paper, we will discuss the navigation system in Automatic Cars based on previously mapped paths. The robot wheel serves to adjust the direction and position of the robot. The automatic movement can be carried out using computer vision. Warehouses that are not neatly arranged cause the navigation system to be less than optimal. The types of controllers used include classical controllers, fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks, and H∞. The purpose of this research is to produce a precise car front view monitoring system using image processing with high enough quality for automatic car navigation. The benefit for science is the development of automatic cars, which so far have not been widely carried out in Indonesia. The results of this study can be useful for the development of methods to build an automatic car system. The benefit for the electronics industry is the availability of control equipment designs to be able to control cars automatically. The effect on society is in the form of future vehicles that can move automatically without a driver. Based on the computer vision system test for Raspberry Pi-based car navigation, it can be ascertained that the car works well and has a small physique, so it looks neat and concise. The movement of the car from the first coordinate point to the next coordinate point is very precise and precise. By installing the L298N motor driver module, it is easier to set the program in python, so that the results sent to the DC motor can be used directly. Using a DC motor that has an excellent performance in terms of torque and speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cost and time are some of the factors that significantly influence the course of a construction project. The longer the project runs, the project costs can be greater than the planned costs. One way to optimize the budget implementation of a project is the crashing method. This paper aims to determine the cost and schedule after the crashing method is carried out. The case study was selected from a local road rehabilitation project in the Tanjung Uncang area of Batam, Indonesia. The simulation overtime of 2 hours/day and an additional worker of 20%. The simulation results with overtime can be completed 18.89% faster, while with additional workers, it can be 14.44% faster. The additional costs incurred by crashing the overtime program are 2.04%, while for additional workers, there is a decrease of 0.28%. In making decisions on crashing programs, one must pay attention to the availability of funds, field conditions, and the availability of labor at the project site. Quality targets cannot be sacrificed for reasons of acceleration of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass has been used as a fuel mixed with coal in power plants, but biomass has a big challenge because it has chlorine contents that may affect the potential corrosion in the CFPP combustion. This paper aims to convey the chlorine and sulfur content of various mines of Indonesia Coal. The value will be compared to other countries coal and then calculated blended with various biomass to obtain the limitation of chlorine and sulfur content in coals for co-firing. Materials obtained from various mines in Indonesia are used, coals from another country and biomass are used from secondary data. The chlorine content of Indonesia coal is around 0.010% to 0.020%, and from several foreign coals is higher than Indonesia coal, which the value of the highest chlorine contents from Australia and China each 0.159 % and 0.183%, while almost of all biomass have the chlorine content higher than coal. The highest chlorine content is PKS and SRF, which have values of 0.528% and 0.875%. Blending Indonesia coal with various types of biomass shows that the chlorine and sulfur value are still low-risk corrosion potential except for blending composition 20% and 25% with SRF is increased to moderate risk potential [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rattus tanezumi frequently interacts with humans and can carry various infections, such as zoonotic organisms. This paper reported a new locality record of Tikusnema javaense Hasegawa, Shiraishi and Rochman, 1992 (Acuariidae: Nematoda) parasitizing R. tanezumi in Papua, Indonesia. The genus Tikusnema, with T. javaense as the new species, was originally described from ricefield rat Rattus argentiventer (Robinson and Kloss, 1916) from West Java. So far, the distribution of T. javaense is Java and Sumatra islands. This is the first record of this species outside Sundaland. Furthermore, this study was also the first report on the presence of a phasmid pair near the male posterior tip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean in Indonesia mostly planted during late dry season after rice harvested in rainfed land resulting in crop failure due to drought. The effect of drought in some areas becomes more severe due to climate change. This paper discusses the breeding and development of soybean varieties tolerant to drought to anticipate the effect of climate change in Indonesia. Breeding program at ILETRI has released three drought tolerant soybean varieties during the reproductive phase. Dering 1 variety was derived from a promising line DV/2984-330 which was cross between Davros variety and MLG 2984; Dering 2 variety was derived from a promising line AB-157-41-22 which was a single cross between Baluran variety with Arg/GCP-335 line; and Dering 3 variety was derived from a promising line DM-122-357-17 which a single cross between Dering 1 and Malabar varieties. Dering 1, Dering 2, and Dering 3 varieties showed average grain yield of 2.12, 2.49, and 2.42 t / ha, respectively which was 1.9 - 19.7%, higher than Grobogan variety. These three varieties having a tolerant response to drought could be developed in drought prone areas for sustainable soybean production in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Security system of nuclear facility must be reliable and robust so it must be built and designed using genuine equipment and components. The use of counterfeit, fraudulent, or suspect items (CFSI), whether intentional or unintentional, in the security system will threaten and endanger the security system itself so that it requires careful addressing of CFSI. CFSI are a major concern today, especially in nuclear facilities. They can pose a direct and potential threat to security, in addition to the safety, performance of the facility, the public and the environment, and they can have a negative impact on the cost of the facility. Supply chains and procurement processes play a role in detecting and preventing the entry of CFSI, or substandard non-conforming goods, into nuclear facilities. Lack of control of the processes involved in procuring, receiving, using or disposing of goods can lead to the entry of CFSI into nuclear facilities. This can lead to unexpected threats. Procurement must be managed effectively to ensure the availability of design functions throughout the service life of the nuclear facility. This paper will explore and identify laws and regulations, regulatory challenges, and see the adequacy of these regulations in the context of addressing CFSI in the construction of nuclear security systems in Indonesia. The method used is descriptive and qualitative analysis as well as literature study. The results of the review show that although there are no laws or regulations specifically aimed at regulating matters related to counterfeit goods, in principle, nationally there are already existing regulations concerning the circulation and trade of counterfeit goods. However, the specific regulations on CSFI in the nuclear industry still have to be further regulated in a more complete national regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mamuju is one focus area of radioactive mineral exploration in Indonesia. For almost a decade, geology, geochemistry, and geophysical exploration activities were conducted in the area. To estimate the uranium and thorium undiscovered resources in the area, a quantitative 3-part assessment is applied. The 3-part form of assessment assumes that mineral resources, contained in undiscovered deposits of a particular geological type, can be quantified using statistical distributions that characterize grades, tonnages, and the spatial distribution of known deposits of the same type. The 3-part assessments include three stages: (1) determination models of grades and tonnages of deposits, (2) delineation of permissive tracts, (3) estimation of the likely number of undiscovered deposits, and finally the estimation of the total undiscovered metal endowment. This paper focused on the delineation of permissive tracts from a regional to local geology point of view. Permissive tracts represent extended frontiers of terrains for which geologic environments permit a deposit type to form. Based on the geological analysis, volcanogenic uranium represents the deposit model for uranium in the area, while alkaline represents the deposit model for thorium. From the analysis of geology, geochemistry, and geophysical data, the permissive tract is delineated for further undiscovered resource assessment. Compared to the previous permissive tract delineation, the method integrating statistically processed radiometric and geochemical data, as well as geological map and deposit model was better and more effective for delineating permissive tract for undiscovered resources assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Center for Accelerator Technology (PRTA) has designed the VIALI (Valuable Internet Laboratory of Indonesia) Program by utilizing EBM or the so-called electron accelerator owned by PRTA with the name Arjuna 1.0. The EBM has been used for researchers and students from universities in Indonesia. The activity of using the VIALI program begins with making a design for digitizing the parameters of the EBM Arjuna 1.0 which is in the process of being implemented. These parameters will be more easily displayed on the EBM parameter monitoring system using the LabView Program and website design for educational and research facilities. The focus of this paper is to obtain the design concept of a data acquisition system for the main parameters of the Arjuna 1.0 EBM operation including Vacuum System, High Voltage Source, Electron Source and Optical System. The design concept has been equipped with a web site facility that contains protocol information and experimental data base, video-based training (VBT) and in parallel with real-time video teleconferencing facilities that can be followed directly as a remote laboratory. The Accelerator Remote Laboratory display is supported by a digital data acquisition device with product modules from Advantech for Instrumentation and Control Systems. This system can later be utilized by engineering students from universities and other researchers as a research facility, student practicum and industry which is part of the Teaching Laboratory as well as the "Independent Learning Campus Independent program" which was previously carried out on site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear reactor operation produces spent nuclear fuel and shall be appropriately managed. The policy for managing nuclear-spent fuel in Indonesia follows an open cycle of nuclear material. Nuclear spent fuel is classified as high-level radioactive waste prohibited from reprocessing but shall be disposed of or returned to the country of origin. In decommissioning the TRIGA 2000 reactor in Bandung, the question arises of how to manage the nuclear-spent fuel from the decommissioned reactor. This study is needed to prepare any options that the applicable laws and regulations can carry out. Several aspects that are considered in eachoption are presented in this paper, including technical aspects, safety, security, and safeguards. This study resulted in many options that can be selected that are: (1) nuclear-spent fuel is transported and stored to the TC-ISSF (wet type)using a transport cask, (2) transported and stored using a dual-purpose cask (dry type), (3) repatriated to the country of origin. Each option also discussed what requirements are prepared and fulfilled according to regulations and technical requirements. This study is helpful for policymakers to determine the choice of nuclear-spent fuel management from the decommissioning activities of the TRIGA 2000 reactor in Bandung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are three important elements that need to be harmonized so that the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's) can be achieved, namely economic growth (economic growth), social inclusion (social inclusion), and environmental protection (environmental protection). The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) 2020 places 180 countries on environmental health and ecosystem vitality, Indonesia ranked 116th. The indicators provide environmental policy targets, environmental performance and provide practical guidance for countries aspiring to move towards the sustainable future. Environmentally sound development is also supported by the government at the policy level in the form of Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2021 concerning the Assessment of Green Buildings. Through this regulation, the government wants to encourage the realization of the implementation of sustainable buildings that are characterized by efficient use of resources and their contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG emissions). The target is to reduce GHG emissions based on DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation No. 131 of 2012, namely from non-provincial buildings of 1.5 million tons of CO2 emissions in 2020 and 5.5 million tons of CO2 emissions in 2030. While the target of the provincial government building itself in 2020 is 49.4 thousand tons of CO2 emissions and in 2030 of 129.5 thousand tons of CO2 emissions. This paper is intended to evaluate the application of Green Retrofitting in Existing Office High-rise Buildings, and proposed alternative ways in order to improve efficiency and effectiveness of Green Retrofit in Existing Office High-rise Buildings development and financing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vernacular concept can be implemented or applied multidisciplinary, either in linguistic or design area; architecture design, interior design, design & environment, and visual communication design. Vernacular concept related to traditional concept. Where historical source needed to supply the analysis of the concept. In this paper, Vernacular concept used as comparative study but also collating the vernacular architecture and the vernacular typography, by using Minangkabau traditional house at West Sumatra named Rumah Gadang as sample. The result from the comparison between two different kinds of field of knowledge will show how far vernacular concept can be use and continue as model for another type of vernacular objects in Indonesia. As we know, Indonesia has many of tradition and culture to preserve its existence because the concept of tradition itself is need to be developed and deliver to continue and preserve our traditional heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is an archipelagic country with a large number of daily coastal fishermen. The majority of fishing boats use diesel as fuel, on the other hand, solar energy as a renewable energy source is widely available in countries that cross the equator. This paper aims to conduct a preliminary design of a 5 GT fishing boat's use of solar panels as electric motor propulsion for daily coast fishermen. Based on field data processing, it was found that the appropriate fishing boat size was 10 m in length, 2.2 m in width, 1.1 m in height, and 0.55 m in the draft. The results of the design show that the electric motor propulsion fishing boat can operate optimally using solar energy is 7 hours with a sailing distance of 9 sea miles. These results can be used as a reference for the substitution of fossil fuels into renewable energy so that they can provide the benefits of low daily operating costs for daily coast fishermen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To get the OTTV value, you must first calculate the solar radiation value. Solar radiation occurs as a result of the sun's heat being exposed to the surface of the building and then goes inside so that the air temperature inside the building gets hotter. The solar factor is one of the elements of solar radiation which is important in determining the overall thermal transfer value for each outer area of a building. The availability of solar factor data in one place is very important to use for building design purposes. Calculating the solar factor is very difficult, moreover, SNI only contains data for the city of Jakarta. There are several ways to calculate the solar factor, with available SNI tables or by laboratory experiments or direct measurements of sunlight. So to make it easier for the designer, we propose to use the rule of thumb formula. The method used is based on local solar factor data, then a radian angle is made from 0 ° -360 °, which results in an ellipse shape in an equation. This paper concludes that the Rule of thumb formula is very helpful for architects in calculating the SF value and can also complete the table in SNI: 2011, which only contains the SF value for the city of Jakarta, meaning that it only applies in Jakarta, so similar research is needed to get the SF value for other cities in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for healthy and safe fresh fruits of citrus, apples, strawberries, and grapes is increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic. The decrease in quality during storage is mainly caused by postharvest fungi, which have the potential to produce mycotoxins that are harmful to human health. The application of synthetic fungicides remains the most effective method for controlling postharvest pathogens. However, its use is increasingly restricted internationally. Currently, greater attention is being paid to natural flora as an alternative to botanical fungicides in disease management. Different parts of medicinal plants have different phytochemicals and antioxidants that can be used in plant protection and preservation. This paper reviews the prospects of medicinal plant extracts for postharvest protection and preservation of citrus and subtropical fruits in Indonesia. There are 31 types of spice and medicinal plants found in Indonesia that have the potential to control post-harvest diseases. Extracts from Cymbopogon nardus, Ruta chalepensis, Eucalyptus globulus, etc., were effective in controlling post-harvest pathogens of fruit and increasing their shelf life. Extracts of neem and marigold also have the potential to contain dominant active ingredients such as insecticides and fungicides. These plant materials are recommended for the prevention of post-harvest diseases. Constraints of mass production as a commercial because of the low content of secondary metabolites, so it requires a massive supply of raw materials. The implication for developing further research is that technology needs to increase the content of secondary metabolites, determine safer dosage limits, and overcome allergy challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyphenols play a pivotal role as representative metabolites of tea. Their presence can also determine the quality of tea and provide valuable benefits for human health. Little attention, however, has been paid to studying polyphenols such as catechin and EGCG at various processes of green tea and limited information is available related to this study in Indonesia. This study was focused on the determination of polyphenols content, antioxidant and antibacterial activities from Indonesian green tea, Camellia sinensis extracts, obtained from Gambung, West Java. The samples used were fresh leaves, dried leaves, and green tea powder from three plant clones, namely GMB-1, GMB-3, and GMB-7. Metabolites of tea were extracted using a hot water method at a temperature of 80 °C and incubated for 60 min. Antioxidant activity was measured using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrylhidrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, while antibacterial activity was examined using a paper disk diffusion assay. The content of catechin and EGCG was measured by using HPLC. All samples showed strong antioxidant activity against DPPH free radicals, and the highest activity was reached by powder extract from GMB-3 clones. Furthermore, all extracts inhibited the growth of Gram-positive Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. However, the extracts had no activity against Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Escherichia coli. This study revealed that all samples from three clones of C. sinensis contributed to the potent antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Gram-positive bacteria. The content of catechin and EGCG was influenced by green tea processing steps, which consist of steaming, CTC (Crush, Tear, Curl), drying and grinding. In conclusion, Indonesian green tea can be potentially used as a functional beverage or additive in food applications intended to convey health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is estimated that Indonesia has more than 12 million hectares of rice fields, most of which are located on the island of Java. Indonesia is one of the biggest rice producers in the world and produces 146.7 million tons of biomass per year or equivalent to about 470 GJ/y of energy. However, more than 90% of the rice by-products are still non-well-valorized and interfere the environmental pollution. This paper presents a study to develop biopellet production and to analyze the physical quality of the product. The research used rice husk and rice straw by applying the appropriate technology in a line process of equipment with 70 kg per batch in capacity and 70 mesh of raw materials fineness. The study indicated that the densification technique affects the physical quality of the biopellet. The formulation of adhesive concentration and densification process affect the yield recovery of biopellet. The low moisture content of rice straw and rice husk respectively improved the density and the calorific value of biopellet. This study mentioned that the calorific value of biopellet-based rice husk was higher than that of the biopellet-based rice straw, but the opposite condition occurred in the content of ash and volatile matter. The study concluded that the quality of biopellet comprised of physical characteristics and calorific value of rice by-products prospective as an advantage bioenergy and the spectrum of product utilization increased due to relatively uniform size and density for efficient storage and transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the effect of additional bioactivators and dosage of goat manure on organic fertilizer made from the waste of cocoa pod husk in Malang District. The experimental design of this study is a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors (variation of bioactivators and dosage of goat manure) with 4 replications. For the statistical evaluation of a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the significance level of 0.05. If the significance of F was less than 0.05, pairwise comparisons were made using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a significance on level of 0.05 (α=5%). The results showed that the waste of cocoa pod husk could be used as an organic fertilizer after composting for 32 days, where the application of bioactivator and dosage goat manure did not show a significant effect on parameters of pH, temperature, moisture content, N-total content, and C/N ratio, but for the parameter of C-organic, it showed that the addition of bioactivator and goat manure has very significant interaction. The best treatment of this research on the treatment of bioactivator Decoprima types and dosage of goat manure 1.0 kg (B3K2) with the resulting pH 7.31, temperature 32.53°C, the water content of 32.51%, C-organic 25.62%, N-total 1.95, C/N ratio 13.16 with shrinkage 31.8%. Processing of organic fertilizer from waste cocoa pod husk can increase the value and meet the quality standards of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia with number 261/KPTS/SR.310/M/4/2019 and Indonesian National Standard 19-7030 2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorghum is an adaptive plant growing well on marginal land and a potential foodstuff rich in carbohydrates, antioxidants, and gluten-free. It is one of the designated innovative foods in Indonesia, especially in dealing with the current global food crisis. Studies on the production of milled sorghum, sorghum flour, and their derivative processed products have reported successful results. The development of sorghum-based products through agroindustrial models in several production centers, such as Demak (Central Java) and East Flores (East Nusa Tenggara), showed opportunities to improve the availability and accessibility of the products along with local community income and empowerment. However, more producers (agroindustries) need to be developed to increase the consumption of sorghum-based products and promote them as part of daily food in the community. Studies should continuously explore the influencing factors to achieve sustainable agroindustries of sorghum. The consumer preferences to determine the most prospective product types have yet to be established. Improving packaging, quality, and food safety assurance of sorghum products is also an urgent study concern. Of all development factors, sorghum seed production is the most crucial, especially regarding land availability and optimization of cultivation technology. Support for extension activities, capital policies, and incentives will accelerate the development of the sorghum-based agroindustry. The paper reviews the prospect, opportunities, and challenges of sorghum development and strategies available to develop sustainable agroindustry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many coastal communities in Indonesia are dependent heavily on marine foods and the oceans. Among the vast diversity of marine biological resources found in Indonesian water, seaweed and sea cucumbers are potential marine commodities harvested within the country. More than 900 seaweeds species and 300 sea cucumbers species have been recorded in Indonesia. In addition, there has been a significant increase in the development of marine-based food products in Indonesia. For example, seaweeds were utilized as the main ingredients, substitute material, or food additives in various food products. Large number of studies have demonstrated health benefit effects of marine foods. Sea cucumbers have long been used in traditional Chinese medicines due to their healing properties for skeletal and joint pain, constipation, urinary problems, and certain cancers, therefore, sea cucumber also known as "Haishen" or ocean ginseng. The appropriate processing method of sea cucumber will enable beche-de-mer to have longer shelf-life, better texture and taste, and highest price. In this paper, we introduce marine foods in Indonesia including marine floras and faunas. The information's presented in study can provide the foundations for the sustainable explorations and diversification of marine floras and faunas for foods. The diversification of marine flora and fauna as marine food products further will encourage marine food consumption which may contribute to a transition of healthy diets, nutrition, and food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies about how Jakarta Composite Index is affected by the movement of four international index which is Dow Jones, S&P 500, Hang Seng Index and Nikkei 225 by comparing model Vector Autoregressive and Vector Autoregressive Moving Average. Recent literature conducted by George and Farshid has applied VAR and VARMA model in US market and we are considering of the result if the method is applied in Indonesia's stock market. We are testing the four indices using monthly data gathered from January 2000 until June 2021. Before the models are assembled, we tested for stationarity, cointegration and causality of the data. From the result, it was found that the four international indices had a direct causal relationship with the JCI as the dependent variable. This shows that Dow Jones, S&P 500, Hang Seng Index and Nikkei 225 price movement might have an impact towards JCI but not the other way around. Then we generate the VAR and VARMA models to study more of the impact. Results showed that the VARMA method in general can be more accurate in predict the value of JCI when compared with the VAR method. The variable that has the smallest residual value when used for forecasting is the index Hang Seng. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer prevalence worldwide increases yearly, and cancer treatments are costly. The means of 'insurtech' enables us to model disease-specific insurances that help ease the financial burden. Moreover, we can also personalize the premium so that policyholders will not be charged more than they should be. In this paper, we demonstrate the methodology by using the claim data of a private insurance company from 2013-2020. The company is located in Indonesia, which has a large geographical span and population. This research utilizes a permanent disability model with three states without a chance of recovery. The factors observed in this study were gender, age group, and geographical location of the policyholder. Our claim data is sufficient to be categorized based on those factors. We also obtain the healthy and diseased exposure value necessary for calculating the claim incidence rates. The product tested here is term insurance with coverage up to 75 years old. The benefits are cancer annuity benefit and death benefit. A Poisson generalized linear model (GLM) is applied to obtain the transition intensity. Assuming processes are continuous, the transition probabilities are modeled using the Chapman-Kolmogorov differential equations. The calculated females' net premiums are higher than males'. Two premium reserves are calculated: reserves for healthy insured and sick insured. The methodology enables the company to precisely manage risk for 12 geographical locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied the hierarchy of end-of-use options for smartphones to support online learning during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The EOU options were first studied by reviewing relevant literature about e-waste in Indonesia and then a hierarchy of EOU options was drew up. Finally, integrating the result with the analysis from the literature review on the use of smartphones in online learning during the pandemic, we proposed a new hierarchy that could bridge the challenges in both aspects. As a result, it helps to reduce e-waste from used smartphones and at the same time helps underprivileged students to obtain smartphones for online learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has found that core discipline areas continue to be taught separately as school subjects with little or no integration [1]. However, students' immersion in authentic, integrated STEM education in "rich" cross-curricular tasks is an aspirational way of learning. Using a Makerspace approach, the researchers created a community of experts, comprising pre-service teachers, through workshop training sessions. They then provided opportunities for school students to apply their subject knowledge to create hands-on, engaging artifacts influenced by an integrated STEM approach and Maker influence. This paper examines the experiences of primary school students who participated in a STEM-based project. A model of reflective identity formation was used to support the hands-on learning of pre-service teachers in Australia and Indonesia. The Wigglebots project engaged 385 primary school students from Australia and Indonesia, emphasizing their technological and scientific skills and knowledge by tasking them with creating a 'wiggle bot.' Following the completion of the project, the students were asked to complete a survey that gauged their confidence, engagement, and ability to identify and apply scientific knowledge. The results revealed that the Makerspace hands-on approach successfully engaged the students in STEM education. Moreover, all the surveyed students successfully created the bots and collaborated efficiently in groups mentored by pre-service teachers. Groups of students in Australia reported engagement at slightly lower levels than the Indonesian students; however, the Australian students were more able to represent and explain the underpinning science concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of peatland in many villages in Indonesia has become a concern due to various constraints such as inundation, soil acidity, low soil fertility, fire, and relatively limited choice of plant species. Moreover, the efforts of peatland restoration with 3R activities (rewetting, revegetation, and revitalization of local livelihood) will create even wetter peat in the future. The community used to plant mineral species that require peat drainage. In the transition from drained peat to fully-rewetted peat, it is necessary to anticipate the future due to changes in land-based livelihood options. Several demo plots in Central Kalimantan have been developed to produce a strategic model for the transition from the low water table to fully rewetted peat using agroforestry to manage incomes and cashflows, ranging from agricultural species to peat swamp forest species. This paper aims to determine the potential plant species for sustainable livelihood in peatland. Various plant species such as Shorea balangeran, Dyera polyphylla, Alstonia pneumatophore, and Ananas comosus showed good growth and production. However, more potential local peatland species needs to be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest and land degradation that occurs throughout Indonesia makes it increasingly vulnerable to the effects of global warming. Illegal logging, forest and land conversion, agricultural crop development, and expansion of settlements are factors influencing forest and land degradation. The agroforestry system has been promoted as one of sustainable land use management that implements local wisdom and community-based practices, which is expected to improve environmental conditions. This paper aims to investigate the role of the agroforestry system of Michelia champaca in South Sumatra in combating global warming as well as protecting natural resources and providing livelihood options for the community. Observation methods and interviews to the stakeholders were carried out to obtain data. Moreover, descriptive qualitative research analysis was used as a data analysis tool. The research results showed that the development of Michelia champaca on private land with an agroforestry system is expected to meet the increasing demand for community's timber. Several people initially did not realize the importance of an agroforestry system in reducing the impact of climate change. The community cultivate Michelia champaca because it has straight stemmed with a narrow canopy so that by implementing spacing arrangements, the growth of these woody plant does not interfere with their agricultural crops. Some people understand that the combination of agricultural and forestry crops will provide both short and long-term income, maintain the availability of groundwater, produce fresher air, and reduce hot temperatures in the dry season. Michelia champaca agroforestry practices are more attractive than forest land management systems for communities because they contribute to the sustainability of food production while providing a number of ecosystem services, including reducing the impact of global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of novel sources of food, especially functional food ingredients, has been intensively carried out to accommodate the urges of double burden malnutrition countermeasures in Indonesia. One potential bioresource to be locally utilized is microalgae due to its plentiful nutritional properties and nutraceutical value. Numerous explorations have been done in isolating microalgae from multiple regions in Indonesia and observing their nutrition and nutraceutical character. Furthermore, the use of microalgae in various functional food products also has been studied. However, the use of Indonesian microalgae as food is still limited. The quite complicated isolation process, as well as a, must be well-controlled culture and harvesting processes are the main difficulties. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to examine the cultural process and prospects of microalgae as functional food ingredients from nutritional and nutraceutical aspects in Indonesia. This information can be used for further exploration of Indonesia-origin microalgae-based sources of food. Moreover, this information can also be beneficial for further development in applying microalgae in a lot of functional food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand of tissue papers is increasing with the population increase. This will definitely increase the need of wood fibers as the main raw material. However, due to the wood shortages, there have been many attempts to use non- wood fibers as substitutes for papermaking. In Indonesia, corn production has gradually increased for the last 5 years, hence it also has an impact on the raising in the amount of corn husk waste. Corn husk has a high cellulose content which suitable to be used as a raw material for tissue papermaking. In this experiment, soda pulping process was conducted to remove out lignin. The resulting tissue paper will be added with additives that have antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mangosteen peel for the purpose of increasing the tensile strength or absorption of water. The aim of this research is to study the effect of depending variables (temperature and NaOH concentration) on chemical composition (cellulose and lignin content), and physical properties including water absorption and tensile strength.The research was started with the initial process of removing the lignin content in the pulp by pretreating delignification using the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) process with several variations in concentration (4–10%), and temperature (60–90°C) for 1.5 hours. To obtain tissue with a good physical condition, it has been influenced by the optimum chemical composition containing high cellulose and low lignin content, high tensile strength and water absorption. The optimum conditions for tissue paper in this study were at 90°C and 4% of NaOH concentration. The next step will be to vary the composition of the additive in order to obtain the effect of physical properties (tensile strength and water absorption). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet integrated various kinds of data by collecting and storing all information that can be analyzed to produce what people understand as big data. Big data make an essential contribution to creating new knowledge and intelligent solution for social and business that will empower society. However, data collection and processing are vulnerable to intervening in the privacy of the data subject. More than 100 countries already have their data protection law that is mainly influenced by GDPR. Under an extraterritorial principle, GDPR applies to any data controller and data processor, including those that are not established in the EU. As a promising country in the digital economy, there is a possibility that the GDPR will affect Indonesia's business, including the sanctions. Using normative legal research, this paper analyzes a structure of GDPR requirements that source Indonesia's business shall comply with GDPR. Based on the structure of GDPR, this paper is also finding some existing Indonesia's business has met such requirements as an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]