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Stroke is one of the most common killers in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. The mortality rate due to stroke in Indonesia is around 192/100.000, 84/100.000 and 47.9/100.000 for Malaysia and Singapore respectively in last 5 years. Treatment time, cost and quality are believed as main factors contributing to high mortality and disability caused by stroke. This paper presents the relation between stroke management cost, mortality rate and disability rate in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. We used stroke epidemiological data in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore for last 12 years. This includes stroke prevalence, incidence, mortality and disability. Normalized clinical pathway for stroke management is used to define cost, quality and treatment duration. Administration, imaging, diagnosis, medication, intensive care, in ward recovery and outpatient rehabilitation are parts in stroke management system. We consider also country specific Gross Domestic Product (GDP per capita) and percentage of national health expenditure to justify the stroke management cost level. All related factors contributed directly and indirectly to the cost are connected through relationship trees model. The model has been simulated to produce normalized country specific cost, mortality-prevalence ratio, and disability-prevalence ratio. Simulation results show that normalized country specific costs for stroke management each one day care are 2.52% for Malaysia, 0.65% for Singapore and 3.88% for Indonesia. Based on this cost, Malaysia is able to have mortality-prevalence ratio and disabilityprevalence ratio of 0.12 and 2.11 respectively. As country with highest GDP per capita, Singapore has successfully managed to have 0.01 and 0.22 mortality-prevalence ratio and disability-prevalence ratio respectively. Indonesia, however, with stroke management cost higher than Malaysia, is only able to suppress the mortality-prevalence ratio up to 0.16 and disabilityprevalence ratio up to 2.80. This shows that stroke management system in Indonesia needs to be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PT. Vale Indonesia has three hydropower plants (called PLTA). They have three dams cascaded in one river. The water sources from three lakes at around company operational area. The hydropower plants are main supporting units for Nickel production. Thus the hydropower plants must be have high performance and long live time. Here the preventive maintenance is needed. This paper discusses about study result of dam operating strategy of the hydropower plants in order to optimal water management during preventive maintenance period, by considering of power demand at the smelting furnace and the auxiliary power. Linear programming is used as an optimization method. It is proved that the electric energy of 15616.8 MW hours be obtained through water flow rate of 17625.6 m3/seconds, for 2015’s operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current SCADA infrastructure that supported hydro automation and control system at PT Vale Indonesia is obsolete. That condition puts the overall operation of power generations in a risk due to obsolete hardware and operating system (OS) infrastructure. The server hardware has no spare part available in the market that can lead SCADA and control system break down at any time. The obsolete OS has no longer receive security update that can lead virus and security breach onto the automation network, therefore SCADA infrastructure upgrade is mandatory to be done to support operation of hydropower generations. Other problems of current automation infrastructure are operating cost, it is due to numerous servers and PCs (personal computers) that installed to serve the automation and control system. Most of these servers and PCs consume a significant amount of electrical power and also the energy of a cooling system, while the utilization ratio of those type of equipment is very low, around 5% to 10 % only [1]. They also - mainly a server - require significant yearly maintenance cost. To overcome the above problems, servers and desktop virtualization technology are studied in this paper as an option for the requirement of SCADA infrastructure upgrade. The technology offering an opportunity to consolidate multiple under-utilized servers and PCs of SCADA control system into a few physical servers and thin client, thereby reducing the energy requirements for the power infrastructure, cooling system, maintenance budget and capital cost of the necessary upgrade. The result of virtual technology implementation reduces 64.80% of upgrade capital cost for material and installation, 40.65% less energy requirements for the infrastructure cooling system, saving 62.20% electrical energy for the entire infrastructure SCADA control system and also reduce 92.43% of yearly maintenance cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduction Kiln plays a very important role in the nickel smelting process. As multi-variable processing and nonlinear system, nickel kiln is difficult to be maintain in the best performance. While research on this area is very rare for this industry is such specific and unique. In this paper, it is proposed time-series neural network model for nickel kiln, with an approach based on Nonlinear Auto Regressive with eXogenous input (NARX). This model provides prediction of input-output data set to achieve certain operating condition, especially profile temperature alongside the kiln. Input-output data set of real plant was collected from Kiln 5 in PT Vale Indonesia for along 2018. The data set was reviewed and chosen for the neural network model. It was achieved that regression of the model is 0.999 which is proving that there is strong relationship between input and output. While mean squared error (MSE) is 16.4077, which means that the model is able to capture the characteristic of the plant and temperature of 6 points alongside the kiln, yet open for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently the application of Industry 4.0 is being promoted in Indonesia, among others, in systems in industry, medical, transportation, agriculture, and public services. This has encouraged the implementation of The Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The implementation of IoT in the industry there is no price problem, but in the low profit sectors the use of the industry standard IoT system is a problem. Therefore, this paper will provide the results of the study on the use of Low-Cost IoT. The most important parameter of an IoT system is the performance of sending data from the device to the server and reversing from the server to the user. IoT devices use the NodeMCU ESP8266 module on the Ubidots platform for free. Based on the design that has been carried out, the delivery time performance of IoT to Server devices for fiber optic media and 4G cellular operators is 1-2 milliseconds and 2-7 milliseconds respectively. This value according to the standard is still very good even though using unpaid services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia has abundant coal resources. However, some of the coal is difficult to be mined because of its location. Some are too far below the soil surface, or also called Deep Seated Coal (DSC). Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is an alternative Clean Coal Technology that carried out gasification underground, thus it may have a potential explore DSC. The primary assessment of underground gasification may be started from a simple thermal analysis. This paper presents those assessment on the characteristics of gasification for further prospects of underground coal gasification implementation in Indonesia. The gasification experiments were carried out in a Thermogravimetric Analyser by using ten samples of coal from various locations in Indonesia. The experimental parameters include gasification media (CO2 or air) at temperature ranges from 35°C to 900°C and a heating rate of 10°C/min. The gasification media is passed at a rate of 100mL/min. Data of weight loss of sample were obtained from this experiment. From the experimental results, Arrhenius constants obtained on gasification with air are in the range 55643 to 114245 min−1 with the activation energy of 46.26 to 96.98 kJ/mol. Meanwhile, the gasification with CO2 yields Arrhenius constant 15301 up to 61339 min−1 and the activation energy of 12.72 to 109.71 kJ/mol. Those kinetics data provide the basic information for further exploring the possibility of underground coal gasification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is one of leading countries in palm oil industry in the world producing a 25 billion liters of palm oil annually. With a great potential of resources in Indonesia, residues from palm oil mill (POM) activities are considered as one of major potential fuel and renewable resource for the near future. An organic Rankine cycle (ORC) small scale power plant has been preliminary designed to generate electricity by using the empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm oil shells as biomass waste produced during POM activities. The aim of the paper is the investigation of energetic performance and economic feasibilities of ORC based technology for biomass combined heat and power (CHP) generation, fueled by 60% EFB and 40% palm oil shell. The study demonstrates the technical feasibility of ORC solutions at the POM site in terms of resources optimizations, cost and reducing of greenhouse gas emissions. With the use of R-245fa as organic working fluid, the system of ORC with a recuperator has a higher thermal efficiency and reducing more fuel consumption during the operation compared to the non-use recuperator ORC system. In term of economic analysis, the level cost of electricity system without a recuperator unit less than the system with recuperator unit. However, the system with recuperator unit uses at least 11.5% less biomass as fuel to generate expander power of 2500 kW compared to the system without recuperator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of knowledge is the classic problem of man’s age. The conversation begins with the question of how people gain knowledge. It creates various streams of knowledge that also talk about the validity of knowledge. The issue becomes the basis of conversation in epistemology. In the context of Indonesia, the discussion becomes interesting because the source of knowledge is not only derived from the reasoning and experience but also the noble values of culture that includes religious teachings. Indonesia as a developing country is in the midst of changing times. Globalization forces Indonesia to open up to the changing times in which it also carries various ideologies. The values of knowledge that was formerly believed and taken for granted, nowadays a lot of requestioning. The values of nationalism based on cultural and religious values are challenged by emerging new ideologies. Islamic epistemology which not only derives from rational-empirical knowledge but also revelation can be the basis of the bond of nationalism. A religion that contains the spirit of justice, togetherness, equality, and unity has proven to be the unifying of mankind beyond any value. In the context of development and development of human resources, religion can be a driving factor as well as a controlling factor to not fall into a dry civilization and only give priority to worldly values. Indonesia as an imagined community requires values that are not only based on experience and the mind but also the fundamental values of religion. This paper will examine the epistemology in general and the epistemology of Islam is imbued with the spirit of nationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well M-1 is one of the three exploration wells that PetroChina played in Madura Island, Indonesia in 2010. The well conditions are complex, and most of the layers are overpressure. The layer pressure coefficient of this construction is 1.5, and the proportion in the wellbore is used. It is a mud of 1.8. In this paper, the construction brief is described, combined with the tool principle and field test, the LPR-N valve is opened and the valve cannot be opened at the end of the test and the solution is proposed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic performance ranking is often used as one of the criteria to select a candidate for a certain academic position. The ranking is made by comparing several aspects which in reality is difficult to be ranked. This problem falls into multi criteria decision making (MCDM). Sometimes some complexities are naturally appear, such uncertainty, impreciseness and vagueness in measuring the aspects being compared. In this paper we present a discussion on ranking the performance of academic staffs in an Indonesian University. 10% of high rank academic staffs are chosen and their academic performance is evaluated to obtain the rank through the AHP and TOPSIS methods. The results show that the method is consistent with the direct observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the characteristics of short-term and long-term fluctuations/volatility of Indonesia exchange rate and investigates whether this volatility has affected Indonesia's exports flows. In particular the paper investigates the impact of exchange rate volatility on aggregate Indonesia exports flows to the United State and also on imports. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test was employed on quarterly data for the period January 2000 to December 2008 to test for stationarity on the variables of interest. Estimates of the long-term influence of exchange rate volatility on the trade flows are obtained using the Johansen Cointegration Test. The results suggest that a significant long-term relationship linking exchange rate volatility and the trade volume between Indonesia and the United States exists. A negative long-term relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and the export volume sent from Indonesia to the US is obtained. On the other hand, exchange rate volatility exerts a positive long-term effect upon the import volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE ACCEPTANCE STRATEGY FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN INDONESIA. Indonesia has planned to build nuclear power plants. Some feasibility studies have been conducted intensively. However, the processes of NPP introduction are still uncertain. National Energy Plan in Indonesia, which has been made by some governmental agencies, does not yet give positive impact to the government decision to construct the nuclear power plant (NPP). This paper discusses the process of NPP introduction in Indonesia, which has been colored with debate of stakeholder and has delayed decision for go-nuclear. The technology paradigm is used to promote NPP as an alternative of reliable energy resources. This paradigm should be complemented with international politic-economic point of view. The international politic-economic point of view shows that structural powers, consisting of security, production, finance, and knowledge structures, within which the NPP is introduced, have dynamic characteristics. The process of NPP introduction in Indonesia contains some infrastructure development (R&D, legislation, regulation, energy planning, site study, public acceptance efforts, etc), but they need a better coherent NPP implementation program and NPP Acceptance Program. Strategic patterns for NPP acceptance described in this paper are made by considering nuclear regulation development and the interest of basic domestic participation. The first NPP program in Indonesia having proven technology and basic domestic participation is and important milestone toward and optimal national energy-mix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lee Carter Model is a model that had been used to forecast the mortality rate on specific or certain region. This model of mortality shows that logarithm of mortality rate (ln (Mx,t)) is the sum of parameters which is dependant to number of ages (ax), and multiplication of parameters that is dependant to number of ages and stochastic process that is dependant to the year of observation and independent error with mean that is 0 and the variance is σ²ε. This paper aim to estimates parameters ax, bx and kt, in which parameter ax will be estimated by using Least Square method, while bx and kt will be estimated by using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) method. The result of this research is the estimation value of mortality rate in Indonesia. In the estimation process, python language programming will be applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lee Carter Model will be applied to forecast mortality rates in specific regions. This paper will discuss the forecasting of mortality rates that correspond to the Lee Carter model for the future period using ANFIS method. The forecasting process will be implemented in R software, and the final result of this study will be formed into a table that contains forecasting mortality rates in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experimental method is useful not only in helping students understand science, but also in developing students' skills and attitudes. However, for various reasons, many teachers in Indonesia do not implement the method effectively. As a continuation of previous analysis concerning practical science activities undertaken by SEAMEO QITEP in science, this study aimed to gather information about schools' laboratory activities in three regions of Indonesia, and compare their activities with the 2013 Science Curriculum. In this paper, we describe the study in depth and make some suggestions for the improvement of laboratory activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to determine (1) the influence of the use of a contextual teaching and learning (CTL) approach on critical thinking ability, (2) the influence of the use of the CTL approach on conceptual understanding, and (3) the relationship between critical thinking ability and conceptual understanding. The research adopted a quasiexperimental approach using a pre-test/post-test control group design. The population in this research comprised all grade XI pupils in State Senior High School 1 Prambanan consisting of eight classes. Two classes were selected based on the random cluster sampling technique: XI MIPA 1 as the control class and XI MIPA 4 as the experimental class. The experimental class used the CTL approach and the control class used a non-CTL approach. The instruments were an observation sheet for the implementation of CTL, and a paper test of critical thinking ability and conceptual understanding. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Pearson correlation. The results showed (1) that CTL had a positive influence on critical thinking ability, (2) CTL had a positive influence on conceptual understanding, and (3) there was a high correlation between critical thinking ability and conceptual understanding, such that the better the critical thinking ability, the higher the conceptual understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the regulation of Minister of National Education Republic of Indonesia Number 26 of 2008, there are two tracks for becoming head of science laboratory in schools: through the teacher track and through the technician track. One of the requirements for being a head of science laboratory following the teacher track is to have a head of science laboratory certificate issued by a university or other institution established by the government. Until recently, only a few schools have had a head of science laboratory in accordance with the requirements and demands of the competencies defined. In 2017, SEAMEO QITEP in Science (SEAQIS) conducted four training courses for head of science laboratory located in Siak Regency, Garut Regency, Gowa Regency, and Jayapura City. Through the implementation of this method training, research was conducted aiming to determine the effectiveness of the training, the significance of the cognitive change in participants, the participants' perceptions, and the factors affecting their cognitive abilities. The research employed a quasi-experimental research method, and a one group pre- and post-test design. The research instruments used were test items and a questionnaire form. Through the instruments used, the research obtained data on the pre- and post-test scores of the participants, and data on participants' responses. The data were then analyzed using normalized gain interpretation, a paired t-test, and percentage values of participants' perceptions. This paper describes the results based on the goal. The results of the research are to be used as the basis for improving and developing the training of Head of Science Laboratory Candidates held by SEAQIS, aiming to enhance the competence of teachers and educational personnel in science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is one of the developing countries in Southeast Asia. Its population is approximately 257 million. The growing number of people every year has resulted in the increasing of the needs of the community for general development, such as roads, buildings, bridges, and others, in order to assist and launch daily activities. The construction of every bridge or road requires an instrument that can be used to control the fairness of the financial affairs. One of the methods to control financial issues is by forecasting the financial needs for the future. The purpose of this paper is to forecast the unit price of materials in Batam using annual data from 2013 to 2017. Because the available dataset is small, we used three methods that can forecast small sized data: Grey-Markov (1,1), Grey-Markov (2,1), and Moving Average of order 2 (MA(2)). The results of the analysis show that the model which has the smallest error is Grey-Markov (1,1), therefore it is the best model to forecast the unit price of materials in Batam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the food consumption in Indonesia especially in Java is dominated on rice. The dependence on rice and ignoring the potential of local food will be very dangerous. Therefore, there are more efforts needed to explore the potential of local food in Indonesia. One potential local food that can be improved is the production of maize. The number of districts and cities that produce maize in unit time can be assumed as a counting process. The counting process of the number of districts and cities that produce maize is called the point process. Then point process can be formed by the counting measure approach. It will be used for determining the intensity of maize production in Java. The formation of the point process in this article is defined in R² with assumptions: 1) the result of counting processes is closed and finite sets of nonnegative and finite integers and 2) the counting process has independent increments properties. This paper aims to explain how to establish the point process through the counting measure approach and to apply on maize production data in the Java Island. There are four steps to count the districts and cities that have maize production more than 28000 tons/year by using counting measure approach: 1). Divide the Java Island into four sub area based on latitude and longitude location, 2) Classify the districts and cities that have maize production more than 28000 ton/year, 3) Map the districts and cities that fulfilled criteria no 2. 4) Determine the intensity of production by count measurement process. The result of discussion presents that intensity of maize production is no more than 1.9E-04. It means there are only 28 districts and cities that produce maize greater than 28,000 ton/year in four sub area partition. They are located in Special Region of Yogyakarta, Central Java and East Java. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) based on radar satellite data has emerged as a powerful technology for observing the Earth's surface, especially for monitoring the Earth's topography and deformations. However, it is well known that the InSAR measurements are often significantly affected by the atmosphere. This paper applies the pairwise logic (PWL) and the Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR) technique using multitemporal SAR image from Sentinel-1A (S1A). The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using PWL in reducing atmospheric delay and improve the results in capturing the deformation signal from the artifact. We stacked twelve pairs of S1A data before and after the December 6, 2016, Mw 6.5 Pidie Jaya earthquake in Aceh, Indonesia. Multitemporal interferograms of S1A in ascending and descending orbits were used to obtain Line of Sight (LOS) motion maps. To generate the differential interferogram of the PWL, then the first and the second interferogram were computed by summation process. Next, the second interferogram was added with the third, until the last interferogram of D-InSAR data pairs. The final data pair summation produced six pairwise interferogram. The results indicated that the summation of interferogram can increase the deformation twice in the line of sight of the satellite which represents movement toward or away from the satellite (e.g. uplift or subsidence), and also eliminated positive and negative signals in the line of sight velocities, which represent the atmospheric phase delay. The PWL simplified the complexity of atmospheric correction in the D-InSAR processing by reducing atmospheric artifact and increasing the deformation signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many places around Java island are experiencing land subsidence with the rates vary from few centimeter to order of tens centimeter per year. Question arises on what would be the causes of the subsidence in the area. The tectonic is one of the suspected causes along with anthropogenic causes (e.g. ground water overexploitation). The question is very important for proper and effective mitigation or adaptation. As we can see the impact from subsidence like damaging on infrastructures, wider area expansion of flood, etc. indeed they are formed a quite serious disaster now. If the tectonic play significant role, in this case the adaptation is more effective than mitigation, etc. GNSS GPS technology is a passive, all-weather satellite-based navigation and positioning system, which is designed to provide precise three dimensional positions and velocity, as well as time information on a continuous worldwide basis. In the context of subsidence as we highlight above, GPS could provide very accurate level (millimeter level) to determine the subsidence signal if existed. This paper will highligt the investigation of tectonic subsidence over Java island by using data measurements from GNSS campaign and continue. Our preliminary result shows no tectonic subsidence over Java island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is intended to reveal the blasting impact on the dam stability that located within certain distance from the source of the explosion. The blasting activity is required to support the production of igneous rock quarry to remove in-situ blocky hard-rock material. It may cause seismic wave propagation as illustrated as the energy propagates through the earth body then produces vibrations in the rock mass. Level of the vibration varies depending on a blasting design and geological setting. The application of blasting methods should take into consideration the rock condition so that the resulting of the blast vibration is in a safe condition for surrounding facilities and infrastructures. A fact in the field that the blasting activities is being conducted relatively adjacent to the dam; therefore the blast vibration presumed may cause damages due to seismic effects on the dam structure; so the safe distance should be determined strictly. The magnitude of seismic impacts due to blasting activities is measured by vibration-meter namely BlastMate-III® tool by means of measuring ground vibration that collected, processed, and analyzed by using software Blastware-10 to obtain some seismic parameters. By simulating the seismic load as input parameters into the geotechnical model, stability of the dam structure and level of damage (deformation) can be predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geographical factor and high population density causing the area of Kelurahan Cigadung (RW09 and RW14), Bandung City, Indonesia becoming prone to disaster events. As such, narrow pathways and congested housing settlements to amplify complexity in determining evacuation routes in the events of disaster. Additionally, limited availability of open spaces for assembly point during disaster evacuation process could worsen disaster impact among the community. Thus, disaster preparedness (knowledge) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) awareness within community is vital to minimize disaster impacts. The objective of this paper is to establish disaster risk reduction through community participation in disaster events. A three weeks of data collection was conducted in the form of literature review, workshops and interview sessions. Participatory Disaster Risk Assessment (PDRA) criteria were used to establish community participation on disaster risk reduction within the community. The criteria includes preparation; hazard assessment (disaster history and transect walk); capacity and vulnerability assessment (people daily activities, household and community analysis); key informant interviews (chief of RW and Chief of RTs); and action planning. The qualitative data where then analyzed using Atlas.ti Version 8.0. Findings revealed that there are three types of disaster, (1) earthquake, (2) landslide and (3) flood which are potentially to occur in the area. The outcomes of the research is to enhance community in being resilience towards disaster events in future. This is inspired by Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 - 2030: Priority 3 - Investing in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the practice of socialization of disaster mitigation in school children in West Bandung regency, West Java. This paper discussed how the government and the community disseminated disaster mitigation as part of education of the citizens potentially affected by disasters. The socialization is viewed from the forms that the community practiced. With the descriptive-qualitative method, this study found that there are some forms of effective mitigation socialization for school children. Therefore, the government and the surrounding community can immediately adopt educational efforts in a real technical form, so that can be felt by the community, especially in terms of its impact on the community, including school children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long drought episode over Indonesia area last 1997 as the impact of the long warming episode over the equatorial Pacific Ocean of the so-called El Nino phenomenon, it might encourage the wildfires and transboundary haze pollution over large areas most Indonesia and its adjoining areas especially some parts in South Asia region. Experiencing with several occurrences (last dry seasons at consecutive years of 1991 and 1994), it might give enough condition such that monitoring of the atmospheric condition and environment as the first important subject. The second subject should be the management of the environment in the proper way. The social character of the people over the respective burning area and the meteorological condition during the dry season are the second subjects to be considered. Coordinating for disseminating of the climate prediction information as the early warning option will be suggested for the management and control of these occurrences for the first action. Then public should expand the information for further consideration. The purpose of this paper is to assess the atmospheric condition whose support the expansion wildfires then followed by the Haze/Smoke in Indonesia in the first occurrence in the past of 1990 - 2000. Where during this period especially the year 1997 Indonesia had occurred national disaster of wildfires and it was followed by the transboundary Pollution Haze/Smoke over adjoining countries over Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on the findings of study carried out in Surakarta region to demonstrate that re-engineering refers to organizational changes, including restructuring and process improvement. The following sections include the definition of re-engineering as the fundamental and contemporary performance measures, such as cost, quality, service, and speed. Subsequently, the development of the projects is outlined, including their main objectives and justification, the applied methodology, the participating employees, and the results achieved. The findings of this project are the reengineering conditions of building construction companies in Surakarta region, the percentage of building construction companies in Surakarta region that knows about re-engineering, the factors that can be used as reference in determining their readiness in re-engineering, the relationship between top management readiness and the company's condition for reengineering, and the advantages of implementing re-engineering for the companies. This study concludes a series of recommendations for the process of re-engineering in the preparedness of construction companies in Surakarta area on building projects to carry out re-engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become one of the biggest challenge in research community, especially in public health system. One of the challenges that encountered is how to manage the public health system so that it does not collapse because of overcapacity, while maintaining the testing, tracing, and treatment to slowing down the spread of the virus and decreasing the number of deaths caused by COVID-19. Therefore, a predictive model that can estimate and forecast the new daily cases and daily deaths of COVID-19 are important to give recommendations to policy maker about how to control – and eventually – prevent the spread. In this paper, we present a comparative study between Long short-term memory (LSTM), Bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM), and Deep Bidirectional LSTM (DBi-LSTM) to forecast the number of COVID-19 daily cases and daily deaths in Indonesia, based on daily confirmed cases and daily death cases from August 26th, 2020 to August 25th, 2021. The result is DBi-LSTM performs better than LSTM and Bi-LSTM in both daily cases and daily deaths datasets, in terms of training process and lower error prediction value based on MAE and RMSE. Here we also provide 14 day out-of-sample forecast for daily cases and daily deaths from August 26th to September 8th, 2021 using each model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the change of CO2 emission on manufacturing sectors in Indonesia using input-output analysis. The method used supply perspective can measure the impact of an increase in the value added of different productive on manufacturing sectors on total CO2 emission and can identify the productive sectors responsible for the increase in CO2 emission when there is an increase in the value added of the economy. The data used are based on Input-Output Energy Table 1990, 1995 and 2010. The method applied the elasticity of CO2 emission to value added. Using the elasticity approach, one can identify the highest elasticity on manufacturing sector as the change of value added provides high response to CO2 emission. Therefore, policy maker can concentrate on manufacturing sectors with the high response of CO2 emission due to the increase of value added. The approach shows the contribution of the various sectors that deserve more consideration for mitigation policy. Five of highest elasticity of manufacturing sectors of CO2 emission are Spinning & Weaving, Other foods, Tobacco, Wearing apparel, and other fabricated textiles products in 1990. Meanwhile, the most sensitive sectors Petroleum refinery products, Other chemical products, Timber & Wooden Products, Iron & Steel Products and Other non-metallic mineral products in 1995. Two sectors of the 1990 were still in the big ten, i.e. Spinning & weaving and Other foods in 1995 for the most sensitive sectors. The six sectors of 1995 in the ten highest elasticity of CO2 emission on manufacturing which were Plastic products, Other chemical products Other fabricated metal products, Cement, Iron & steel products, Iron & steel, still existed in 2010 condition. The result of this research shows that there is a change in the most elastic CO2 emission of manufacturing sectors which tends from simple and light manufacturing to be a more complex and heavier manufacturing. Consequently, CO2 emission jumped significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some diseases in the community have a relationship with the environment. Therefore, medical students need to be exposed early to environmental problems in the community. The aim of this paper is to explain the role of field studies for medical students in introducing environmental health problems at an early stage. Field studies were applied by the Department of Public Health in 2005-2006 and 164 students from Semester II, which come from two classes, were required to join it. The portion score of the field study was 10%. Each class consisted of ten groups. Each group consisted of approximately eight students. Each group took different topics/targets of observation. These included ecological farming, household waste management, communal waste management, family medicine plants, food home industry, food street vendors, slaughterhouses, traditional markets, management of communal waste water and recycling home industry. Each group observed in a community and interviewed related informants. Students were required to make a report and present it in their class. At the end of the exam, students were required to assess the benefit of this activity using a range of 1 (minimal) to 5 (maximal). The students considered the benefits of the field study method, giving an average score of 3.9 and 3.95 for presentation and discussion in class. Some students proposed to maintain field studies and discussion and to conduct this method every semester with more time. Other students suggested that a lecturer accompany them in the field. Several students regretted unpunctual discussion time that reduced lecture time. The learning model of field study increased the student's interest in the subject of public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to review the utilization of forests from the policy aspects of climate change. This was then associated with the implementation of governmental commitment to carry out REDD+ to cope with the impact of climate change and to achieve sustainable development. Firstly, the author studied this problem from data and information about vast forest areas and conservative water areas in Indonesia. According to provincial governments, there have been several decision letters from the Minister of Forestry from different years ranging from 1999-2014. Comparing the forest areas in letters of 2005, 2008 and 2015, it can be suggested that the areas allocated as productive forest exceeded the areas of conserved or protected forest. This indicates that the utilization of forest as a development resource has occurred and will continue to become an important element in Indonesia. Furthermore, Indonesian forests continue to suffer deforestation and forest degradation. Therefore, the author presented data and information about deforestation and forest degradation that occurred from forest damage and forest fires. Thirdly, the author presented data and information about the deforestation rate from 2000-2014. In 1989, rehabilitation activities were carried out for critical lands, and from 2012-2014, rehabilitation of forest and riverside areas occurred. This research uses descriptive methods with an approximation of legislation and an approach to librarianship. Then, this study is described in a narrative as well as an interpretive style and compiled in the form of a working paper. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that Indonesian governmental policy regarding forest utilization has wide potential mitigations and it is absolutely necessary to consistently implement a number of such programs related to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small-Scale Hydropower (SHP) had been important electric energy power source in Indonesia. Indonesia is vast countries, consists of more than 17.000 islands. It has large fresh water resource about 3 m of rainfall and 2 m of runoff. Much of its topography is mountainous, remote but abundant with potential energy. Millions of people do not have sufficient access to electricity, some live in the remote places. Recently, SHP development was encouraged for energy supply of the places. Development of global hydrology data provides opportunity to predict distribution of hydropower potential. In this paper, we demonstrate run-of-river type SHP spot prediction tool using SWAT and a river diversion algorithm. The use of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) with input of CFSR (Climate Forecast System Re-analysis) of 10 years period had been implemented to predict spatially distributed flow cumulative distribution function (CDF). A simple algorithm to maximize potential head of a location by a river diversion expressing head race and penstock had been applied. Firm flow and power of the SHP were estimated from the CDF and the algorithm. The tool applied to Upper Citarum River Basin and three out of four existing hydropower locations had been well predicted. The result implies that this tool is able to support acceleration of SHP development at earlier phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays infrastructure development becomes one of the main priorities in the developed country such as Indonesia. The use of conventional design system is considered no longer effectively support the infrastructure projects, especially for the high complexity building design, due to its fragmented system issues. BIM comes as one of the solutions in managing projects in an integrated manner. Despite of the all known BIM benefits, there are some obstacles on the migration process to BIM. The two main of the obstacles are; the BIM implementation unpreparedness of some project parties and a concerns to leave behind the existing database and create a new one on the BIM system. This paper discusses the utilization probabilities of the existing CAD data from the conventional design system for BIM system. The existing conventional CAD data's and BIM design system output was studied to examine compatibility issues between two subject and followed by an utilization scheme-strategy probabilities. The goal of this study is to add project parties' eagerness in migrating to BIM by maximizing the existing data utilization and hopefully could also increase BIM based project workflow quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kapuas River is located in the province of West Kalimantan. Kapuas river length is 1,086 km and river basin areas about 100,000 Km2. The availability of river flow data in the Long River and very wide catchments are difficult to obtain, while river flow data are essential for planning waterworks. To predict the water flow in the catchment area requires a lot of hydrology coefficient, so it is very difficult to predict and obtain results that closer to the real conditions. This paper demonstrates that artificial neural network (ANN) could be used to predict the water flow. The ANN technique can be used to predict the incidence of water discharge that occurs in the Kapuas River based on rainfall and evaporation data. With the data available to do training on the artificial neural network model is obtained mean square error (MSE) 0.00007. The river flow predictions could be carried out after the training. The results showed differences in water discharge measurement and prediction of about 4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian Regulation which refers to the ICOLD Regulation (International Committee on Large Dam required have the Emergency Action Plan (EAP) guidelines because of the dams have potential failure. In EAP guidelines there is a management of evacuation where the determination of the inundation map based on flood modeling. The purpose of the EAP is to minimize the risk of loss of life and property in downstream which caused by dam failure. This paper will describe about develop flood modeling and inundation map in Krisak dam using numerical methods through dam break analysis (DBA) using hydraulic model Zhong Xing HY-21. The approaches of dam failure simulation are overtopping and piping. Overtopping simulation based on quadrangular, triangular and trapezium fracture. Piping simulation based on cracks of orifice. Using results of DBA, hazard classification of Krisak dam is very high. The nearest village affected dam failure is Singodutan village (distance is 1.45 kilometer from dam) with inundation depth is 1.85 meter. This result can be used by stakeholders such as emergency responders and the community at risk in formulating evacuation procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on seismic, microzonation of Semarang is still ongoing. Following the research conducted by Team for Revision of Hazard Maps of Indonesia 2010, Lasem fault was the only fault that should be taken into account for seismic mitigation of Semarang. New research conducted by Team for Updating of Seismic Hazard Maps of Indonesia 2016 suggesting four new and closest shallow crustal fault sources (Rawapening, Weleri, Demak and Semarang Faults) which should be taken into account for seismic hazard mitigation of this city. Those four new seismic sources are typical reverse mechanism seismic sources. However Lasem fault is a typical strike slip mechanism seismic source. This paper presents the development of surface acceleration time histories due to three shallow crustal fault (Lasem, Semarang and Demak) earthquake sources with average magnitude 6.5 Mw. This research was performed by implementing deaggregation hazard analysis, response spectral matching and site response analysis to obtain modified acceleration time histories. The modified acceleration time histories were developed due to inadequate data caused by those three fault sources. Surface acceleration time histories were calculated at 288 boring locations and then separated into three different time histories based on site class soil conditions (hard, medium and soft soil classes). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses approaches to policy and planning of pedestrian facility that facilitate walking in cities in Indonesia. It applies quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze walkability in some cities. The new perspective in policy and planning are focusing on improving non-motorized mobility; it encourages walking and put the provision of the pedestrian facility as an integral part of built environmental planning and development. The policy perceives pedestrian facility in broad, not only about physical development, but also benefit to socioeconomic activity and environmental quality. It is expected that the implementation of policies and walkability concept could upgrade the pedestrian facility, as a walkable city delivers green atmosphere of the urban environment. A design competition of pedestrian facility was held to test the policy and accommodate input from the public. Public participation through competition also enriches the design of pedestrian facility that responsive to local condition. Implementation is still a challenge due to limited budget; however, there are tendencies that few cities improve pedestrian facilities to encourage people walking in order to make the city livable and environmentally friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Project success is a foundation for project owner to manage and control not only for the current project but also for future potential projects in construction companies. However, identifying the key success criteria for evaluating a particular project in real practice is a challenging task. Normally, it depends on a lot of factors, such as the expectation of the project owner and stakeholders, triple constraints of the project (cost, time, quality), and company's mission, vision, and objectives. Traditional decision-making methods for measuring the project success are usually based on subjective opinions of panel experts, resulting in irrational and inappropriate decisions. Therefore, this paper introduces a multiattribute decision analysis method (MADAM) for weighting project success criteria by using fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process approach. It is found that this method is useful when dealing with imprecise and uncertain human judgments in evaluating project success criteria. Moreover, this research also suggests that although cost, time, and quality are three project success criteria projects, the satisfaction of project owner and acceptance of project stakeholders with the completed project criteria is the most important criteria for project success evaluation in Vietnam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green House Gases (GHG) which have different Global Warming Potential, usually expressed in CO2 equivalent. German has succeeded in emission reduction of CO2 in year 1990s, while Japan since 2001 increased load factor of public transports. Indonesia National Medium Term Development Plan, 2015-2019, has set up the target of minimum 26% and maximum 41% National Emission Reduction in 2019. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), defined three types of accuracy in counting emission of GHG, as tier 1, tier 2, and tier 3. In tier 1, calculation is based on fuel used and average emission (default), which is obtained from statistical data. While in tier 2, calculation is based fuel used and local emission factors. Tier 3 is more accurate from those in tier 1 and 2, and the calculation is based on fuel used from modelling method or from direct measurement. This paper is aimed to evaluate the calculation with tier 2 and tier 3 in South Sumatera region. In 2012, Regional Action Plan for Greenhouse Gases of South Sumatera for 2020 is about 6,569,000 ton per year and with tier 3 is about without mitigation and 6,229,858.468 ton per year. It was found that the calculation in tier 3 is more accurate in terms of fuel used of variation vehicles so that the actions of mitigation can be planned more realistically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is vulnerable to natural disasters. The highest number of natural disaster occurs on the west side of Java Island with the tsunami as the most deadly. Cilegon, a densely populated city with high industrial activity is located on the west coast of Java Island with a gently sloping topography, hence it is vulnerable to tsunami. Simulations conducted by the National Disaster Management Authority indicates that earthquakes with epicenters in the Sunda strait will cause tsunamis which can sweep away the whole industrial area in one hour. The availability of evacuation routes which can accommodate the evacuation of large numbers of people within a short time is required. Road infrastructure resilience is essential to support the performance of the evacuation routes. Poor network resilience will reduce mobility and accessibility during the evacuation. The objectives of this paper are to analyze the impact of the earthquakegenerated tsunami on the evacuation routes and to simulate and analyze the performance of existing evacuation routes in Cilegon. The limitations of the modeling approaches including the current and future challenges in evacuation transport research and its applications are also discussed. The conclusion from this study is accurate data source are needed to build a more representative model and predict the areas susceptible to tsunamis vulnerable areas and to construct cogent tsunami mitigation plans and actions for the most vulnerable areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fault is one of the dangerous earthquake sources that can cause building failure. A lot of buildings were collapsed caused by Yogyakarta (2006) and Pidie (2016) fault source earthquakes with maximum magnitude 6.4 Mw. Following the research conducted by Team for Revision of Seismic Hazard Maps of Indonesia 2010 and 2016, Lasem, Demak and Semarang faults are three closest earthquake sources surrounding Semarang. The ground motion from those three earthquake sources should be taken into account for structural design and evaluation. Most of tall buildings, with minimum 40 meter high, in Semarang were designed and constructed following the 2002 and 2012 Indonesian Seismic Code. This paper presents the result of sensitivity analysis research with emphasis on the prediction of deformation and inter-story drift of existing tall building within the city against fault earthquakes. The analysis was performed by conducting dynamic structural analysis of 8 (eight) tall buildings using modified acceleration time histories. The modified acceleration time histories were calculated for three fault earthquakes with magnitude from 6 Mw to 7 Mw. The modified acceleration time histories were implemented due to inadequate time histories data caused by those three fault earthquakes. Sensitivity analysis of building against earthquake can be predicted by evaluating surface response spectra calculated using seismic code and surface response spectra calculated from acceleration time histories from a specific earthquake event. If surface response spectra calculated using seismic code is greater than surface response spectra calculated from acceleration time histories the structure will stable enough to resist the earthquake force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply chain of cooking oil is a network of companies from palm oil as raw material to retailers which work to create the value and deliver products into the end consumers. This paper is aimed to study key success factors based on consumer's perspective as the last stage in the supply chain. Consumers who are examined in this study are restaurants management or owners. Restaurant is the biggest consumption of cooking oil. The factors is studied based on Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) version 10.0. Factors used are formulated based on the third-level metrics of SCOR Model. Factors are analyzed using factors analysis. This study found factors which become key success factors in managing supply chain of cooking oil encompass reliability, responsiveness and agility. Key success factors can be applied by governments as policy making and cooking oil companies as formulation of the distribution strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present an integrated health care model for Indonesian health care industry. Based on previous researches, there are two health care models in the industry such as decease- and patient-centered care models. In their developments, the patient-centered care model is widely applied due to its capability in reducing cost and improving quality simultaneously. However, there is still no comprehensive model resulting in cost reduction, quality improvement, patient satisfaction and hospital profitability simultaneously. Therefore, this research is intended to develop that model. In doing so, first, a conceptual model using Kano's Model, Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is developed to generate several important elements of the model as required by stakeholders. Then, a case study of an Indonesian hospital is presented to evaluate the validity of the model using correlation analysis. As a result, it can be concluded that the model is validated implying several managerial insights among its elements such as 1) leadership (r=0.85) and context of the organization (r=0.77) improve operations; 2) planning (r=0.96), support process (r=0.87) and continual improvement (r=0.95) also improve operations; 3) operations improve customer satisfaction (r=0.89) and financial performance (r=0.93) and 4) customer satisfaction improves the financial performance (0.98). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmers still practice the traditional salt farming in many regions, particularly in Indonesia. This archaic method not only produces low yield and poor salt quality, it is also laborious. Furthermore, the farming locations typically have poor access to fresh water and are far away from electricity grid, which restrict upgrade to a more advanced technology for salt production. This paper proposes a new concept of salt harvesting method that improves the salt yield and at the same time facilitates recovery of fresh water from seawater. The new concept integrates solar powered membrane distillation (MD) and photovoltaic cells to drive the pumping. We performed basic solar still experiments to quantify the heat flux received by a pond. The data were used as insight for designing the proposed concept, particularly on operational strategy and the most effective way to integrate MD. After the conceptual design had been developed, we formulated mass and energy balance to estimate the performance of the proposed concept. Based on our data and design, it is expected that the system would improve the yield and quality of the salt production, maximizing fresh water harvesting, and eventually provides economical gain for salt farmers hence improving their quality of life. The key performance can only be measured via experiment using gain output ratio as performance indicator, which will be done in a future study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of the virus is widespread in some countries and even can reach some continents. This ever happened in the pandemic H1N1 virus outbreak in 2005 which covers 3 continents, as well as the H5N1 virus that hits several regions in Indonesia. If the virus spreads to the region as a source of the spread, the outbreak will occur due to the movement of infected individuals or vector that moves freely in other regions. The focus of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of the sub-population density, as well as the persistence of individuals moving on the path that connecting two areas of its distribution through mathematical models constructed by the spread of the virus in the three regions. The analysis results showed that the movement of individual sub-population exposure to all of the tracks or individual transfer on another track are having transition due to the genetic evolution of the virus and that causes potential outbreaks in the wider regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aceh is one of the 34 provinces in Indonesia that has the highest population with a high level of hazard. This research was conducted in the Lhokseumawe district, East Coast of Aceh. This paper was based on secondary data of the analyzed SPOT-5 satellite imagery. This study examines the relationship between the level of damage to mangrove with the distribution of mangrove forests that have formed various spatial patterns and spread in the administrative area of Lhokseumawe, distribution of school and location of school. The method performed by descriptive and quantitative analysis method by Pearson product moment statistic method. The degradation level of mangrove is divided into 3 classes such as the good condition, moderate condition, and bad condition. The result is 14 % of the good condition of mangrove extent about more than 60,000 m², 32 % are mangrove in moderate condition with an area of 30,000-60,000 m² and 54 % of them are in bad condition about can be found within an area of than 30,000 m². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tectonic setting of the Bird Head Papua Island becomes an important model for petroleum system in Eastern part of Indonesia. The current exploration has been started since the oil seepage finding in Bintuni and Salawati Basin. The biogenic gas in shallow layer turns out to become an interesting issue in the hydrocarbon exploration. The hydrocarbon accumulation appearance in a shallow layer with dry gas type, appeal biogenic gas for further research. This paper aims at delineating the sweet spot hydrocarbon potential in shallow layer by applying the spectral decomposition technique. The spectral decomposition is decomposing the seismic signal into an individual frequency, which has significant geological meaning. One of spectral decomposition methods is Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), which transforms the seismic signal into individual time and frequency simultaneously. This method is able to make easier time-frequency map analysis. When time resolution increases, the frequency resolution will be decreased, and vice versa. In this study, we perform low-frequency shadow zone analysis in which the amplitude anomaly at a low frequency of 15 Hz was observed and we then compare it to the amplitude at the mid (20 Hz) and the high-frequency (30 Hz). The appearance of the amplitude anomaly at a low frequency was disappeared at high frequency, this anomaly disappears. The spectral decomposition by using CWT algorithm has been successfully applied to delineate the sweet spot zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maximum Standard Deviation Reduction (MSDR) is a graph clustering algorithm to minimize the distance variation within a cluster. In this paper we propose a modified MSDR by replacing one technical step in MSDR which uses polynomial regression, with a new and simpler step. This leads to our new algorithm called Modified MSDR (MMSDR). We implement the new algorithm to separate a domestic flight network of an Indonesian airline into two large clusters. Further analysis allows us to discover a weak link in the network, which should be improved by adding more flights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As as the Capital of West Sumatera Province and as the largest city at the West Coast of Sumatera, the City of Padang has been assigned as one of the National Activity Center for Regional Economic Development. The city will be developed as a metropolitan city, which will be very much relied on the multi sectoral support such as business, services, industry, and tourism sectors. However, the city is located at a very high-risk zone for earthquake and tsunami. After 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, the city lias been stricken several times by large earthquake and tsunami threat, for example in 8.4 M September 2007 and 7.6 M September 2009 causing major casualties, severe damages, great economic loss as well as tsunami threat to the people. Without disaster risk reduction based development planning, the goal of Padang as metropolitan and National Activity Center is difficult to be achieved. Knowing the level of risk and its appropriate countermeasures from the perspective of business resilience becomes very important. Thus, this paper will present the detail study on business rehency for the Padang City, starting from (i) Earthquake and Tsunami Risk Assessment from the perspective of preparedness for Business in Padang Barat Subdistrict of Padang City, (ii) Assessment of resiliency level of Padang City Business after the 2009 event, and (iii) recommendation for considering the Business Resilience factors as part of DRR based CBD development Plan of Padang Barat sub district - Padang City. This study is not only able to identify physical and nonphusical aspect of business characteristic, but it has identified four major components of Bussiness Resiliency Indicators, i.e. Swift Recovery Factors (RR), Experience and Knowledge to Disaster (PP), Emergency Response Plan (RT) and Asset Protection (PA). Each major indicator consists of several indicators, with 19 total indicators. Further investigation on these indicators shown that total performance value of business resiliency is 65,36%, which means that Small, Micro and Medium Business in Padang City are resilient toward earthquake and tsunami. Some indicators show their performance value below minimum limit of 55%. Such as 48.84% for Knowledge and Experience to Disaster (PP) which comprised of several low knowledge and low preparedness among business, has led to the need for an intensive and extensive public education program for business community. While the low performance value of Assett Protection indicators has been influenced by the low performance value of insurance, i.e. 42,22% below minimum limit, meamng that a government intervention to promote risk transfer mechanism via insurance is needed. Among the four major components of Bussiness Resiliency Indicators, the component of Asset Protection Indicators (PA) shows the strongest correlation with non-physical aspects of business characteristic, i.e. the length of business and omzet. The performance value of the 19 Business Resiliency factors and its correlation with physical and nonphysical business characteristics are very important to be considered in improvmg CBD development plan as part of city zoning m order to achieved a resilience central business districts (CBD). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to investigate students' collaborative problem solving skills (CPS) through constructed interactive animation. The research was carried out in Public Junior High School in Bandung Indonesia. The number of participant was 39 of samples of 8th grade, Junior High School students. The method used in this research was descriptive. The paper provides the result of observation of students' CPS in 11aspects, they are: 1) Discovering perspectives and abilities of team members, 2) Discovering the type of collaborative interaction required and establishing goals, 3) understanding roles to solve problem, 4) building a shared representation and negotiating the meaning of the problem (common ground), 5) Identifying and describing tasks to be completed, 6) Communicating with team members about the actions performed, 7) enacting plans, 8) following roles of engagement, 9) monitoring and repairing the shared understanding, 10) monitoring results of action and evaluating success in solving the problem, 11) Monitoring, providing feedback and adapting the team organization and roles. The result of study indicated that students were good in doing communication with team member (aspect 6) which showed by their achieved highest of this aspect. On the other hand they need to improve their monitoring, providing feedback, and adapting the team organization and roles ability (aspect 11), as the score of this aspect is the lowest. The result of study supported that the software is capable to measure students' CPS skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of synthetic biology will shape the new era of science and technology. It is an emerging bioengineering technique involving genetic engineering which can alter the phenotype and behavior of the cell or the new product. Synthetic biology may produce biomaterials, drugs, vaccines, biosensors, and even a recombinant secondary metabolite used in herbal and complementary medicine, such as artemisinin, a malaria drug which is usually extracted from the plant Artemisia annua. The power of synthetic biology has encouraged scientists in Indonesia, and is still in early development. This paper also covers some research from an Indonesian research institute in synthetic biology such as observing the production of bio surfactants and the enhanced production of artemisinin using a transient expression system. Synthetic biology development in Indonesia may also be related to the iGEM competition, a large synthetic biology research competition which was attended by several universities in Indonesia. The application of synthetic biology for drug discovery will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]