Search

Sign language is a crucial mode of communication for individuals who are deaf or hard-of-hearing, and a reliable sign language recognition system can greatly aid in bridging the communication gap. According to statistics provided by the Government of India, there are only around 250 accredited sign language interpreters in India, servicing a deaf population of 1.8 million to 7 million individuals. This paper presents a real-time sign language recognition system for Indian Sign Language (ISL) using YOLOv8 for object detection. The system uses a single convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture to process the entire image in one forward pass and predict the bounding boxes and class probabilities for each sign in the image. The results of the study demonstrate the feasibility and potential of the system in revolutionizing communication for the deaf and hard of hearing community and have applications in gesture-controlled robotics, home automation, game control, human-computer interaction, and sign language interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing demand for energy worldwide, it has become imperative to explore and adopt sustainable energy practices. In this regard, predicting household electricity consumption accurately is essential, as it can help optimize energy usage and reduce waste. This paper focuses on using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) shows the neural networks to prevent household electricity consumption in India. The LSTM model was implemented using the Keras library in Python. The model was trained using the training set and tested using the testing set. The study demonstrated that LSTM neural networks are a promising approach to predicting household electricity consumption in India. Further research can be conducted to recover the accuracy of the perfect by including more variables such as household size, income, and appliance usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A smart city depends on a good manhole monitoring system. Water plays a vital role in our day today life. As most of the cities in India have adopted underground drainage system, it is very important that this system should work in a proper manner to keep the city clean, safe and healthy. If they fail to maintain the drainage system the pure water may get contaminated with drainage water and can result in spread of many infectious diseases. This paper exemplifies the design and implementation of a manhole monitoring system for IOT applications. The proposed model benefits the public to monitor the water level, blockage in the manhole and in addition to determine the level of harmful gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian subcontinent has probably the most elevated pace of oral malignant growth on the planet. 65% of all malignant growth in men and 33% of all diseases in ladies are tobacco related. It is assessed that approximately 1,000,000 individuals die because of tobacco related illnesses in India every year. It is essential that numerous oral squamous cell carcinomas transform from conceivably harmful issues such as oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Zingiber officinale has been used since long for their mitigating properties, notwithstanding and has been used to treat inflammation as it inhibits cyclooxygenase. There is data in regards to the distinguishing proof of gingerol-related mixtures that have mitigating movement through the particular hindrance of COX-2. Our main objective was to formulate a cellulose based muccoadhesive films impregnated with small dose of zingibain for management of OPMDs to guarantee prolonged retention of the medicament on to the oral mucosa for better treatment outcome. The mucoadhesive buccal patch would not only retain the medicament for a longer period, but will also act as a muco-protective barrier for faster wound healing. The present paper would be describing the potential application of Zingibain containing mucoadhesive buccal patch for an effective non-surgical management of OPMDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India more than 50% of total population depends on agriculture. Mainly The conventional method of ploughing and seed sowing are laborious processes and involves drudgery. Though mechanized equipment is available in the market, they are costly and small-scale farmers are not able to buy. In this paper focuses on design and fabrication of a low-cost agriculture utility vehicle for multipurpose operations such as sowing, seeding, spraying, and levelling of land. In this vehicle, a solar panel of silicon type 12v/5watts is used to automate the processes of seeding and spraying by using PMDC motors of 12v/1amp. The objective of this concept is to reduce the manpower and also avoid the time consumption utilizing solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farming adds to a significant bit of India's GDP. Two significant issues in present day agriculture culture are water shortage and high work costs. These issues can be settled utilizing agribusiness task mechanization, which supports accuracy farming. Thinking about wealth of daylight in India, this paper examines the plan and improvement of an IoT based sunlight based fueled Agribot that robotizes water system task and empowers far off ranch checking. The Agribot is created utilizing RASBPBERRY PI. It harvests sun-oriented quality while now not acting water system. While executing the undertaking of water system, it developments close by a pre-chosen course of a given ranch, and faculties soil dampness substance and temperature at ordinary focuses. Further, Agribot goes about as an IOT gadget and sends the insights amassed from more than one sensor to a distant utilizing Wi-Fi connect. At the distant worker, crude realities are handled the utilization of sign preparing tasks, for example, sifting, pressure and expectation. As needs be, the examined records data is shown the utilization of an intelligent interface, as steady with client demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is India's commercial backbone. India's rapidly growing population necessitates rapid advancements in food processing technologies. Agriculture's primary resource is water. As a result, good water management of fresh water supplies and good usage of available water infrastructure are important. Drip irrigation is a very cost-effective and productive way of conserving water and increasing crop yield. This paper illustrates how an ARM7 processor can power and track a completely automatic drip irrigation system. Sensors used to measure the moisture content quality of the soil, and the system's valves are switched on or off automatically for varying intervals of time based on that information. The PH of the water is also important to remember since it influences the abundance of nutrients in the soil. A sensor is used to detect the PH of the water quality, and based on the importance of the pH, the farmer is given advice for maintaining the correct ph. Humidity is assessed and tracked as well. One of the most essential macronutrients in the soil is nitrogen. It is a nutrient compound that is needed for plant development. A sensor is used to detect soil nitrogen, and the farmer is given advice depending on the specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every year, tens of thousands of people are declared missing in India. A significant number of people who have gone missing have yet to be found. With the aid of facial recognition, this paper suggests a unique deep learning technique application for recognizing the identified missing person from the images of a large number of people available. Photographs of suspicious people may be uploaded to a shared portal, including location and timings. The snapshot will be linked to the missing person's images in the repository. The input individual picture is classified, and the picture with the good fit is chosen from a missing person database. Using the image reported by the public, an algorithm is learned such that we can accurately find missing person in archive with missing people's images generated. Face recognition is done using Convolution Neural Network (CNN) which is a common deep learning algorithm to process image-based applications. Face features are derived from pictures using a VGG(Visual Geometry Group)-Face deep architecture CNN model that has been pre-trained. Unlike other deep learning algorithms, ours only uses a convolutional network as a high feature attribute, with the qualified KNN classifier doing the individual recognition. When properly prepared, VGG-Face, the highest performing CNN algorithm for face detection, outputs a deep learning algorithm that is distortion, lighting, and person age and exceeds previous approaches in facial recognition-based missing person identification. This recognition device classification accuracy is 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-19 has created unprecedented loss and disruption all across the world. It has impacted every section of human life, ranging from economical desperation to mental dissonance. While the economic impact of the pandemic is widely studied and reported on through the lens of conservative businesses, i.e. manufacturing, production and trading, the tourism sector suffers from the negligence of the researchers. This paper aims to assess the impact of Covid-19 on the tourism industry, especially in the local areas of Uttarakhand, India. Using survey data on the economical variance across different sectors of tourism, this study provides the assessment of monetary lost and the methodological steps that may be taken to revive the local tourism sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methane is a climatic pollutant with a lifespan of only 12 years in the atmosphere. Methane makes for 57% of all oil and gas emissions, including vented and fugitive emissions. However, the oil and gas industry is critical to the global economy as well as many individual countries' economies. This study examines new technological innovations in the oil and gas business that are aimed at improving the environment. This technology will play a significant part in lowering pollution and gas emissions in the atmosphere, as well as assisting in maintaining a clean and safe environment. Technological breakthroughs have occurred in all three streams of oil and gas production, namely upstream, midstream, and downstream. The present study discusses about methods to reduce methane emissions from refineries using approaches like Methane Monitoring, Internet of Things-based monitoring etc. In addition, massive emissions from refinery can be decreased with Digital Twins. Drilling and extraction also produce a significant amount of pollutants, which can be reduced using the techniques outlined in this paper. The study discusses about crude transportation, which is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions in the environment. Finally, case studies are presented that highlights the problems encountered in Indian basins and refineries, as well as how the solutions outlined above might be implemented in India to address these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transportation is important for day-to-day operations and economic development. Transportation of different modes, power generation, agriculture, mining locomotives, and all of them are dependent on fossil fuels. Over the last six decades, crude oil use has risen 16-fold. The need for and use of petroleum-derived fuel is growing day by day, but there is scarcity. Biodiesel in place of fossil fuels will meet the current demand for gasoline. Biodiesel can be derived from both traditional and non-conventional sources with some modifications in order to meet the performance of diesel. The emission of CI engines causes adverse environmental impacts such as green-house gases, acid rain, ozone depletion, photochemical smog, etc. Biodiesel is the perfect replacement for fossil fuels. It can be prepared from vegetable oil and animal fats by the transestesterification process. National biofuel policy 2009 set the goal of meeting 20% of diesel demand with biodiesel. India is planning to mix 5% biodiesel with diesel." India has focused primarily on Jatropha. There are, however, around 400 species of non-edible oil seeds bearing trees in our country, where thrust must be made derived the biofuel. Based on the techno-economic viability for the development of biofuels in this paper thrust are made to review a different kind of biofuel utility and their impact on CI engine efficiency that explorer in the last decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green roofs have experienced an exponential interest for research in the past few decades in our attempts to attenuate the energy requirements of buildings to keep the interiors cool and comfortable. This review work is divided in two parts; the basic introduction of green roofs and evapotranspiration in them. This paper also intends to highlight the deficiency in research work with a perspective of India's climate and local vegetation. All major studies before are performed outside India in accordance with foreign climate and with the respective local vegetation. More studies need to be performed in India with its local vegetation taken into account. Another aspect pertaining to the modern cities' increased need for air conditioning is the effect of Urban Heat Islands (UHI). Utilizing the concept of green roofs is an excellent method to decrease the cooling required in the buildings by reducing the amount of heat absorbed by the surface of the buildings. Most of the benefits of GRs are mainly due to the cooling effect by Evapotranspiration (ET) which is basically evaporation (of water) and transpiration (a process carried out by plants). ET contributes towards the humidification process of the external ambient air. It reduces the surface temperature of the roof and helps to mitigate the urban heat island phenomenon. This review makes an attempt to bring research in Green Roofs as a major research field in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ejectors can provide advantage over conventional expansion device, in terms of energy as well as exergy, especially in high pressure transcritical R744 refrigeration systems. This paper presents a simulation-based comparative study of annual energy consumption and environmental impact of four different configurations of ejector expansion R744 systems for thirty different cities in India, spread across five different climatic zones. A control strategy is also adopted in order to ensure smooth transition of operation between subcritical, transcritical and transition modes for round the clock operation. A configuration having multi-compression ejector expansion system equipped with internal heat exchanger (MCEETRC+IHX) along with suggested control strategy exhibited lowest annual energy consumption. However, all the components are not equally effective for all the cities or weather conditions. Ambient temperature and evaporator temperature are found to play an important role. A simplified economic analysis is also presented which suggests overall cost-effectiveness for supermarket food storage application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article clearly explains the methodical production of the several techniques & actions currently being used to examine the properties of coal mines located in India. This papers compilation includes scientific analysis & classification of based on the parameters stated and the systemic approaches applied. Results specify that research relating to environmental impacts, land use pattern, water pollution and water pollution are the major causes that affects the human health, forest and soil are the limited causes. Land cover change studies are experienced a fast flow on the other hand studies on human health impacts and socio-economic are very small in number. For a modest and detailed elucidation of the effects caused by coal mines it is mandatory to know direct & indirect ecological and sociological outcomes of coal mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction has long been a driver of economic growth, and India, as the world's second-fastest-growing economy, has seen explosive growth in this sector, particularly in the last decade. The construction industry accounts for more than 11% of India's GDP, and its expansion is essential to the country's overall development. Because of its importance, a lot of research has gone into TQM implementation, which has a direct impact on the industry's success. The issues and perspectives facing the Indian construction sector are investigated in this paper using a rigorous methodology. Based on eight CSFs that are recognised as the most important contributors to the sector's operational and organisational performance, this study developed a model for TQM adoption in the construction industry in general, and the Indian construction industry in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bharti Airtel Limited, one of the leading global telcos, has its presence in 17 Asian & African countries and operates in 50 countries and five continents. It has a global network running across 2, 50,000 ROMs. India to have seen all the phases of digital and technological advancements in the field and has maintained its position in the market and involving with the Indian consumers by adapting to the changes that Indian telecom sector is going through a financial crisis, but Airtel has been able to survive the test of time and has managed to retain its hold in the telecom sector. In India, it is a converged player offering wireless & wire line broadband, m-commerce, DTH services, and enterprise services that include national and international long-distance services. Through this paper, we present the evolution of the Indian telecom sector and competitive landscape for a 20 year period through the study of Airtel as a case. Through this paper, we present the response of Airtel as an organization to scenarios of hyper-competition, technology up-gradation, and price-based penetration strategy adopted by competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonality fluctuations in a time series affect the asset classes in a particular way in terms of returns and movement trends for different asset classes. A time series may vary from being minute-wise, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, and annually.This study has attempted to understand the coupled outcome of seasonality index, the standard deviation in monthly seasonality patterns, and the correlation of different asset classes to check the time series model's applicability and determine whether the time series model is stationary not. It has analyzed trends in the asset classes when the series is deseasonalized if seasonality is present. Usually, seasonal and non-seasonal components are already enbibed as values follow random-walk, so the time series is majorly categorized as non-stationary. The paper discovers and forms any available relation between asset classes and seasonality at regular intervals. Analyzing seasonal patterns is vital. It provides valuable information to potential investors, and analyzing seasonality concerning the Indian market is vital. Trend analysis of various stock markets has been incorporated in many studies, but considering all asset classes for the Indian economy is rare. It helps readers understand how an asset's monthly and yearly seasonality will affect asset classes' movement. The paper uses four major asset categories for the study. The seasonality between asset classes is not that evident across all the asset classes. However, certain assets tend to show the correlation between periods and the price of a certain asset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With Internet penetration expected to reach 639 million in India by the end of 2020 and social media usage booming to share opinions, firms are looking for social media monitoring to get the customers' pulse. This research paper investigates the impact of e-WOM on purchase behaviour and image by performing a sentiment analysis on 30,000 tweets using and Machine learning. It extracts real-time tweets of customers before the product launch of two brands, One Plus and OPPO, in the PAN-India market. It performs sentiment analysis to understand customer behaviour. This paper examined that tweets containing geopolitical situations like #Boycott China negatively influence purchase behaviour, addressed by sentiment analysis of tweets during OPPO's product launch during an India-China border spat. This paper has also found out that tweets from Influencers and Peer groups impact consumers' purchase behaviour. This paper also bridges the vital research gaps left in this domain, such as sentiment analysis on tweets containing emoticons, emojis, slang, local, regional languages, etc. Since social media conversations nowadays are mostly filled with emojis, emoticons slang, it is extremely important to consider it during sentiment analysis. This paper has also studied the significance of e-WOM factors on purchase behaviour and has provided a managerial perspective with a real-time example of decision making with sentiment analysis on product launch of two Chinese firms in India during a trending geopolitical situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 has had heavily affected the global economy making several countries to a standstill. During this crisis, many people have started making use of social media platforms as a method of practicing social distancing. With this thing said, it is just the right environment for cyber attackers to conduct fraud by taking advantage of people's fear and widespread panic. This paper examines the different types of cyber-attacks conducted during this pandemic in India, with an increased time spent on social media by misleading people into releasing sensitive personal information. The paper also discusses the level of cybercrime awareness among the Indian citizens and preventive measures taken by them, which has become of utmost importance during this pandemic. Further, the research focuses on the statistical analysis, which is conducting by considering the hypothesis for the interdependence between the preventive steps taken, total duration utilized on the social platform, and the likelihood of online victimization. Additionally, future work related to the paper will determine the changes in the number of cybercrimes post Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is heading towards the demanding hike and the downfall of fossil fuels leading to move the energy dependency of transportation and thermal energy production to unearth another reliable resource. One of the best developing and upcoming resources for the near future is biodiesel. It serves as the everlasting economically friendly resource. This paper deals with the effects on performance of the biodiesel obtained from the Tamarind seed, one of the best resources in the southern parts of India. The compression ignition engine was utilized for carrying out the examinations for the tamarind seed biodiesel (TSB) blended with petroleum diesel. The biodiesel was blended in the ratios B20, B40, and B100. The brake thermal efficiency at 50% engine operating load condition with B20 fuel was found to be corresponding with diesel fuel with 24.87 %. In contrast, the greater the blend ratios resulted in the lesser values of the brake thermal efficiency. The brake-specific fuel consumption was 0.34 kg/kWh, which is closer to the value of diesel having 0.31 kg/kWh, and unfortunately, the value increases for the progressive blends. From the obtained emission results for the tamarind seed biodiesel, the toxic gases like nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon emissions were noticeably reduced than the diesel fuel. The emitted carbon monoxide was lesser to that of diesel fuel at the 75% engine load operations. Considering the overall performance and emission characteristics, the B20 TSB performed well, and the results were closer to the diesel fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rape is the fourth most common crime in India according to NCRB report given in 2019 and is steadily increasing. The evidence found at the crime spot helps to solve the crime in forensic laboratory. The evidence such as semen stain, blood stain, hairs (pubic or normal) are most found at the crime spot. Same as the hairs the blood in the criminal cases such as rape are of two types that is normal blood (peripheral or circulatory) and the abnormal blood (menstrual blood). The normal blood is the circulatory blood which flows or runs in the blood vessels and transports oxygen to the various organs of the body whereas the abnormal blood is the menstrual blood which forms the endometrium layer of the uterus. According to the earlier researchers, the normal and abnormal blood are differentiated based on hematology study (hemoglobin level, RBC count, WBC count), crystal formation and some rapid chromatographic tests. In this paper it will be studied how the blood is differentiated into normal or menstrual based on clotting factors present in it with the help of Fluorescence Immunoassay (FIA) technique, how does the value of D dimer deviated when blood is stored at different time interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture plays a significant role in any country's GDP, and it also plays a significant role in India's economy. According to reports, agriculture provides income to 85 percent of India's population. There are plurality of issues in agriculture, such as determining the moisture content of the soil and the characteristics of the soil in the region. The Internet of Things (IOT) assists farmers in overcoming the majority of agricultural issues. To overcome the excess flow of water into agricultural land, a smart irrigation system based on IOT was developed. An IOT based smart irrigation system will be used for various purposes like water management and various soil parameters such as soil moisture, pH, humidity are measured and the nutrition of crop, weather forecasting and the observed values are collected by microprocessor and further sent to the user mobile. The GSM module used to establish a transmission link between the agricultural field and the farmer. The present status of field will be sent to the farmer via short notification. The farmer can access the server about the field condition anytime, anywhere thereby reducing the manpower and time. This whole system will work towards in providing the information of the red, black and the laterite soil's moisture content for the Thus the farmer can access the field condition server anytime, anywhere, thus reducing the workforce and time which will save time and the money. This system can also be used to ensure the proper amount of water for the irrigation of the crops. This research will also be helpful in determining the proportionate quantity of the chemical fertilizers and the pesticides for particular crops based on the output of the sensors thus minimizing the toxicity of the crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented and Virtual Reality simulation technologies are among the fast-growing consumer-level intelligent simulation technologies and have been great solutions to enhance the user experience (UX) and interactivity. Many studies have shown that these technologies do help in virtual educational applications, but a discussion and comparison of their effects on students' eLearning is quite limited. This experimental study focuses on evaluating the potential of AR and VR applications specially designed for eLearning purposes and tests the effects of intelligent simulations used in an e-learning virtual environment. This was done by presenting an online lecture both in VR and AR to two different groups of learners. The study was conducted among the students of multimedia in a reputed private university in India. The simulation technologies were compared in terms of participants' test scores, engagement, excitement, and level of distraction. Scores of both the groups were compared and reported along with the participant's perception of each simulation technology. Quantitative and Qualitative data acquired from both groups have been analyzed and the results indicate that AR works best when incorporated into e-learning. This is one of the first conceptual studies of comparison between VR and AR for interactive online teaching. Further, this paper discusses the inevitability of making new tools to enable instructors to become creators of AR/VR experiences in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World is urbanizing in a very fast pace. UN-Habitat states that the more than half of the world's population, 54 percent in 2014, is projected to remain in cities by 2050, with the proportion rising to 66 percent. Unrivaled population development is a big problem that developing-country cities are grappling with, with the mushrooming of slums that dot the landscape serving as a conspicuous indication of this failure. The major population which is migrating for a better life from the rural area cannot afford a house in an urban area will finally lead to the formation of the illegal quarter settlements. The acute poverty and lack of the affordable housing contribute to the formation of slums. The slums are important for making communities more prosperous and livable. One of the main missions should be to liberate the region. Slums have long been one of the most significant influences impacting a city's livability. Continuous slum surveillance was unavoidable for a smart and healthy city to improve living standards and make slums more livable. 8 Main parameters considered for the formation of slum performance index. They are Basic infrastructures, Hygienic status, Access to Basic services, Housing status, Economy, Planning perspective, Connection with city networks and Performance of city administration towards slum eradication. Kochi city located in the state of Kerala in the southern part of India. Kochi, Kerala's commercial capital, is now feeling the effects of rapid urbanisation. According to the World Bank, Kochi is one of India's seventeen major industrial cities and a simple place to start a business. This decade saw major investment in the district, such as the Vallarpadam international container transportation terminal, the Kakkanad information park, the NES Terminal, the electronic hardware park, the special economic zone. The district in which Kochi city is located contributes the most to Kerala's GDP (14.47 percent). The Greater Cochin development area (GCDA) presently spread over an area of 730 sq. Km and having a slum population of 1.25 Lakhs as per RAY Expert opinions of 20 experts used. Maximum expert opinions were from academicians and urban planners. Maximum AHP weightage of 0.28 got for Basic infrastructures and a minimum of 0.5 for planning perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abysmal state of and challenges in municipal solid waste management in urban India is the motivation of the present study. Urbanization contributes enhanced municipal solid waste generation and unscientific handling of MSW degrades the urban environment and causes health hazards. Solid waste management has become a burning issue for local municipal government through the country therefore the objective of this paper is to reduce quantity of solid waste disposal of on land by recovery of material and energy from solid waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of population density and shortage of land in urban area are two major problems for all developing countries including India. In order to mitigate these two problems, the designers resort to high-rise buildings, which are rapidly increasing in number, with various architectural configurations and ingenious use of structural materials. Consequently, in this paper, an alternate methodology is adjusted via doing, a relative investigation of two structures with 25 story wherein. i) The shear dividers are not associated by coupling beams. ii) The shear dividers are associated with steel composite coupling beam. To break down the over two cases ETABS 2018 programming was utilized. Further boundaries like variety in displacement, story drift, time period, frequency and base shear of the structures are thought to make examination between the two cases. Results have shown that interfacing the shear divider by steel composite coupling beams can adequately decrease the seismic tremor incited reactions. By giving the steel composite coupling beam in the middle of the shear divider, gave preferable outcomes over the, structure put without coupling beam in the middle of shear divider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of ownership structure on the financial performance of top IT companies in India. The significance of evaluating the association between performance of firm and ownership structure is emphasised due to occurrence of numerous corporate scandals and fastest growing industries in the country. There is scarcity of prior research that empirically examines the relationship between the ownership structure and financial performance of the firm in the context of IT companies in India. Previous studies show conflicting results when it comes to establishing the nature of relationship between ownership structure and firm performance. IT sector is having 16.16 % of weightage in NIFTY 50 Index companies as on March 31, 2021. In terms of FDI, this sector is ranked second in India and attracts about US $ million 71,055.91 (13.42%) of total FDI inflows from April 2000 to March 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the production and the export rate of tea has shown a non-convincing result when compared to other leading tea producing nations like China. China is still the leading tea producing country and for India to compete, the production rate and export rate must be improved. Tea produced in India are one of the finest across the globe and it is because of climate, the way of maintaining tea gardens and also the importance given by people towards tea farming although can be improved by large. An attempt by factor analysis is done to prioritize the factors and focus on those top prioritized factors namely material processing of tea for improving export rates and achieving sustainable productivity. This research paper focuses on this problem by collecting and analysing the sustainability factors in tea material processing using COPRAS and WASPAS tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BCSs are the problematic soils and not suitable for construction due to its swelling and shrinking behavior with change in moisture content. The study on behavior of BCS gained interest among geotechnical engineers due to its wide distribution in India. In this paper, Black cotton soil (BCS) is amended with alccofine and lime. Free swell index tests and uniaxial compression (UC) tests were performed, and the optimum mix proportion is decided to have maximum strength and a stable volume. The free swell index of BCS with 20% alccofine is considered as optimum to have complete volume instability. The strength of the amended BCS with addition of alccofine in different percentages 0%, 5%, 15%, 25% and 35% without lime and with 1% lime is tested for its Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS). The specimens were cured under dessicator curing for 0, 7, 14 and 28 days. By comparing the UCS of different combinations of specimens, the combination with 75% BCS and 25% alccofine and 1% lime was the optimum giving maximum UCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for plastic has grown rapidly over the years as it finds application in various sectors. Intern caused the accumulation of waste plastic all over the world in landfills and water bodies. The generation of waste plastic harms the physical habitat; wildlife threatens aquatic life and humans. The economically efficient pollution-free electricity production is the need of the hour as the energy demand of India will be doubled in 2030, so it leads to the energy scarcity problem. As plastic is a petroleum-based product that has high calorific value like a normal petroleum fuel and non-renewable in nature which could be used in place of the already existing fuels. The utilization of plastic waste for energy generation has been addressed as the solution to the problem of enormous generation of plastic waste. Towards this solution, the novel idea of PYROCYCLING is proposed to generate plastic waste into electrical energy. The plastic waste burned in vacuum chamber in anaerobic condition to produce the steam which will help to generate the electrical energy in an effective way. The non-recyclable plastics precisely below 50 GSM are collected from Bhandewadi Dump yard, Nagpur, and waste is treated having successful generation of as much as 200-300 watts-hr energy. So by this technique, not only clean energy is generated but also some useful by-products such as pyrolysis oil and char are also generated. The overall novel process of Pyrocyling, methodology of implementation along with successful end results is discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian economy is contributed heavily by agriculture. Most of the Indian farmers rely on their instincts to decide the crop to be sown at a particular time of year. They do not realize that the crop output is circumstantial, and depended heavily on the present-day weather and soil conditions. A single uninformed decision by the farmer can have undesirable consequences on the economic conditions of the region and also mental and financial impacts on the farmer himself. Applying systematic Machine Learning models will effectively help to alleviate this issue. The dataset used in the paper is built by adding up the datasets of India's rainfall, climate, and fertilizer. Machine learning models will be used on the dataset to get the highest accuracy model to recommend a crop for the farm's location. This recommendation will help the farmers in India to make learned decisions about the crops. The recommendation will take into account the parameters like the farm's location, sowing season, soil properties, and climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture and horticulture have vital role in total GDP of India. Grading of fruits is important to evaluate agricultural production, obtain quality standards and increase market value. Mostly the external appearance of the fruit decides the quality of fruit. In India, quality assessment is performed manually by observing appearance of the fruit. The traditional method of grading is more time-consuming and also not focuses on quality of the fruit. The present system eliminates drawbacks associated with traditional method of quality assessment by combining Artificial Intelligence and Digital Image Processing Techniques. The system extracts different features of the pomegranate fruit using image processing. ANN uses these extracted features as input to the system and grades the fruit as class 1, class 2, class 3 and class 4 with 98.50 % accuracy. Though the system classifies pomegranate fruits more accurately it has some limitations that it couldn't find out the freshness of fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this world needs to consider the elective asset of the ability of the work which is separated from traditional vivacity assets (biogas, coal and so on). The main valuable things in the world are done by solar energy & huge capability of environmentally friendly power. India has a tremendous potential for creating green power from the environmentally friendly power sources. For advance development of power production in from renewable energies, the public sectors in India try in their best to set up a strong alternative resource. Prime minister was announced a scheme for renewable energy which has framed by Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar scheme. This scheme has set a good objective to build up 25,000 MW projects in various sites in India like some unique steps following as (a) lifelong strategy; (b) enormous scope organization objectives; (c) management (d) homegrown creation in crude materials segments, therefore to expert in the framework similarity by 2024. In this study plan is help for improvement the target and. A solar energy preliminary diagram is given by our paper. It surveys the present status of solar energy as far as present limit, alongside authentic patterns of sun powered energy and future capability of an alternate type of renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covid-19 is a fast-spreading viral disease that not only infects humans but also animals. The daily lives of people, their health, and a country's economy are all impacted by this devastating virus. Unfortunately, India again got hit with the second wave of COVID-19, and this time the double mutant virus is much stronger than the one involved in the first wave of Pandemic. According to the scientists, the double mutant virus is 70% more deadly than the previous one that makes the situation even more alarming. This study shows that COVID-19 infected patients mostly suffer from lung infections after coming in contact with the virus. To perform the analysis, the data was collected from the Kaggle repository. This method only focuses on various trends and analyses of COVID-19 infected patients. This paper aims at performing exploratory Data Analysis to retrieve various kinds of important insights from the extracted data that involves the positivity rate of the top 10 countries around the world, positivity ratio of different states of India, death ratio of various states, and also the positivity rate based on gender is retrieved that is further important in claiming this virus' susceptibility towards a particular gender. The result of this analysis shows the man is at a greater risk of encountering the COVID-19 virus due to lack in presence of certain hormone that is only found in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent report states that, an annual plastic waste (PW) of 3.3 million metric tons was generated out of which only 7 to 8 % of PW is recycled. Most of the PW is not bio-degradable and becomes as landfills and persist for centuries. According to waste management principles, the consumed PW were treated by three main method. Land filling (in India major amount of PW was simply deposited as land filling), incineration (Toxic gases such as dioxins, furans, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury are released when plastics are burned),and recycling (converting waste plastics into useful goods). Recycling of PW is considered to be reliable method to reduce the environmental impact. Reusing of PW in constructional sectors will be the ideal method for disposing the PW. This paper summarizes the research performed on the utilization of recycled plastic waste as a replacement of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate in concrete composites and its impact on physical, mechanical and durabilityproperties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A border is a line that separates two countries and protecting a border from intruders and illegal immigrants is high on agenda in every national security system. India shares a long border with seven countries. Conventional methods like fencing cannot be carried out in a few places due to the nature of the terrain. This paper proposes a Multi-level Surveillance and Security System which could be placed in any terrain. This system is an aggregate of 3 sub-systems working in 3 tiers; far distance intrusion detection is carried out using dual Doppler radars; the surveillance camera carries out tracking of intrusion using motion detection through real-time video processing, and intrusion confirmation is done using a dynamic laser tripwire system. As intruders are identified and tracked at a far distance, the security forces get an early warning. The lead time helps them to be better prepared with counter-insurgency operations. A tamper-proof prototype is built to showcase the functioning of the system and is assessed based on its detection capability and false alarm rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first mangrove forests appeared during the late cretaceous- Early tertiary period along Thethys Sea coasts. Since then, mangrove forests have faced and survived several catastrophic climate change events. The sea level is not and has not been constant. Studies carried out on mangrove peat prove mangroves extinction in various parts of the world due to abrupt sea-level rise. The response of mangrove in different geographic regions will depend on factors such as local rate of sea-level rise, coastal topography, and sediment supply rates. It is vital to understand mangrove floor dynamics to understand how mangroves will respond to rising sea-level. Rod surface elevation table is used worldwide to understand surface elevation or loss in wetlands. This paper deals with studying the work done using Rod Surface Elevation Table (RSET) technique to learn mangrove floor level changes worldwide. This literature review also reveals the gap in organised research studying mangrove surface elevation gain rates using RSET technique in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel low profile patch antenna for sub-6GHz 5G applications in India. The design and simulation of the proposed antenna are done in Ansys HFSS using FR4 epoxy substrate. The antenna has a good return loss of -25dB at 3.5GHz with a gain of 3.3dB. In order to enhance the gain, a metamaterial superstrate based on FR4 dielectric is introduced into the design. The superstrate is designed as a 2 x 2 array with a size of 18.5mm x 18.5mm x 1.6mm to cover the base antenna. It is positioned at a distance of λ/7 for achieving a maximum gain of 5.2dB. The novelty of the design lies in its compact size of 24mm x 24mm x 0. 8mm, which embarks an average of 30% miniaturization with respect to the conventional antenna. The measured reflection characteristics and gain fit well with the simulated results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A performance analysis of a solar photo voltaic system based cascade refrigeration system is conducted in this paper using engineering equation solver simulation software. Solar-electric set up is considered for the analysis of the system. Different refrigerant pairs have been chosen for analyzing the cascade vapour compression refrigeration system. Coefficient of performance (COP) and refrigerating effect values are evaluated and characteristic curves are plotted with the variation in hourly global irradiance data of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. The effect of variation in hourly irradiance values in the month of April has been studied here. With the aim of lower environmental degradation, refrigerants with low GWP values are considered for this study. Also the evaporating temperature of the lower refrigerating unit on the COP has been varied and possible effects have been noted on the parameters. Highest COP was obtained by R744-R600 pair with a value of 0.6754 at 12pm, at -10°C as the evaporating temperature. The overall highest COP was obtained by R744-R600, when the evaporating temperature is 5°C. The result shows that proposed system is definitely a good alternate choice for fulfilling air conditioning expectations of human beings and for promoting healthy environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dairy industry in India has more economic importance, therefore need to be taken care by using modern technologies. The milk is transported from various milk collection centers to the dairy processing plant, through the insulated milk tankers. Where milk is tested and checked whether it is spoiled or not. The probability of the milk spoilage will increase during transportation, because of the rise in milk temperature plus the transportation time taken to reach at the dairy. The temperature is important because the rate of growth of harmful bacteria increases with an increase in temperature and that will spoil the milk. Also the transportation time mainly depends on the traffic on the road and the driver's punctuality. If there is no cooling system available on the tanker transportation time is of very much importance. The milk spoilage causes huge economic losses to the dairy and it affects every stakeholder, hence there is a need of a system which will monitored milk tanker during transportation. In this paper, the development of an Internet of Things (IoT) technology based Intelligent Tracking, Early-warning & Management (ITEM) tool is elaborated, which is used to track the route of the tanker and temperature of the milk. This tool also helps to minimize the chances of milk spoilage by sending early warning messages. Moreover, tool will greatly assist to tackle the problems in milk transportation, avoid economic losses and helps for the betterment of the dairy industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

K-12 science education in rural India is characterized by rote learning in teacher-centered classrooms with poor lab facilities. As a result, students often have poor attitudes toward science. To inculcate the joy of learning in rural students, we conducted three science camps in remote villages in North India. The camps emphasized hands-on learning using low-cost experiments from locally available materials. Videos, animations and simulations on mobile phones were used to supplement the physical experiments. The goal was not only to teach science, but to change the attitude of students towards science. This paper describes the results of daily assessments, pre, post, and six-month follow-up surveys. Findings include a significant improvement in attitude towards science, a particularly strong improvement for girls, and a positive effect of videos and simulations to learn abstract concepts. Also the academic marks of the students improved significantly after the camp in a longitudinal analysis. Additional insight was gained by clustering students by two simple dimensions: attitudes and learning styles. The change in attitude towards science was larger for students who prefer hands-on learning or concept learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently India is facing the problem of a power outage and its effects on food quality. Also, it damages the refrigerator compressor because of voltage fluctuation. This paper explores the performance improvement of the refrigeration system by using Nano-enhanced Phase Change Material (Nano-PCM). In this experimental work, an attempt has been made to reduce the temperature fluctuation occurred by a power cut OFF as well as because of frequently opening and closing the door of system. The main objective of this research is to improve the cooling performance by prolonging the cut OFF period of the compressor, and also maintain a constant temperature inside the system by using Nano-PCM, viz. (CuO + KCl and CuO + NaCl) by considering water as a base fluid. The usage of Nano-PCM enhances the heat transfer rate of the evaporator side thus improves the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the refrigeration system. The experiment shows that the evaporator temperature remains constant and is maintained between 3 to 9 °C for 5 to 7 hours after power cut OFF when Nano-PCM is used. While there is a continuous rise in evaporator outlet temperature up to 18 to 24 °C after a power cut off without using Nano-PCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental affecting wastages such as plastic wrappers, plastic bottles, and some foodstuffs are generated and disposed through the windows by the passengers during the journey. The average person generates 1.95 kilograms of waste per day. This should never let our environment to degrade day-by-day, the society should provide the solution which makes our India a waste-free zone, and this paper gives an extent impact on waste collection and its reduction during train travel, in which the waste collector set-up is planned to fix outside to the train window. In the waste collector, the hinged support collector is extended along the length of compartments on either side of the train, which is planned to make of aluminum alloys. The passenger can use the door mechanism to dispose their waste as in the dustbin, and thereby the wastages are easily collected with the help of screwing mechanism for further action. The outside implementation of the waste collector may chance to affect the aerodynamic performance of the train, so the aerodynamic study on the train with the waste collector is mandatory to ensure the train's dynamic stability. In order to study the aerodynamic performance of the train with waste collector, CFD simulation and experimental testing are carried out. In Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the reference component is modeled with the CATIA and simulations are carried out in the Ansys Workbench 16.2. The 1/45 scaled model of the train with and without waste collector is tested experimentally in a wind tunnel and the results are compared with numerical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to obtain a new exclusion based inflation measure for India based on CPI components with 90 percent of the weight in the headline inflation, performing better than the existing exclusion based inflation measures. The core inflation computed through conventional exclusion based measure, i.e. excluding food, excluding energy and excluding food and energy perform worse in tracking the underlying trend of headline inflation. The core inflation computed excluding food, excluding food and energy represents components with less than 60 percent of the weight in headline CPI which is less compared to the 80 percent average of most countries. The core inflation computed excluding energy fails to remove volatility part of the headline CPI. Nonetheless, exclusion based measures are simple and transparent. This study aims to find optimal core inflation excluding food commodities that represent less than 10 percent of the weight in headline CPI. This study uses 88 monthly price indices which are constituent components of the Consumer Price Index from the period January 2012 to April 2019, with 2011–2012 as the base year. Several estimators based on exclusion based approach are considered and tested by various volatility conditions. The study results in an exclusion based inflation measure performing considerably better than the conventional excluding measure in removing volatility and tracking the trend of headline inflation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is one of the hugest rice cultivating country in the world. For thousands of years rice is a most major food, consequently every mankind depends on it directly and indirectly. But the Main hindrance in rice production is rice leaf diseases. It greatly reduces the production rate. Rice leaf diseases have specific symptoms that cannot be easily identified by usual human's eye. Using one of the image processing techniques, the rice leaf diseases are detected efficiently. In order to detect the diseased image Median Filter, K-means Clustering, GLCM and SVM classifier algorithms were proposed. Accuracy, Precision and ROC of SVM classifier were calculated as performance metrices. Around 97±2 % accuracy was achieved in this method. This paper discusses the efficient methodology for rice leaf disease detection. By using proposed method diseased leaves are identified at the early stage, which can aid farmers in preventing further damage to their crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During COVID-19 pandemic from 2019 onwards emergent demand of online classes has become worldwide prevalent. In the present era of pandemics along with advanced information and communication technology (ICT), institutions have shifted their pedagogy and are providing effective class room learning using web. Students are also joyful getting rid of class room constraints like modality, rigidity and inconveniency. The main objective of this research was to determine quality learning and students career growth as educational outcome via massive open online courses (MOOCS) as compared to that of traditional classes going physically offline and face to face (F2F). A total of 92 students of UG and PG level from different Indian universities and 8 countries including India were interviewed through questionnaire shared to achieve the objective. No significant difference was observed. In many research questions MOOCS were better proved than F2F. This paper will enrich the domain of distance learning, management and promote online learning using ICT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian Consumer traditionally been known for the reusing product through generations to fullest of its life. Globalization has changed Consumer needs, purchasing power & social status which has sparked the changes in consumption pattern. Products are getting manufactured for single use instead of durable. This has been generating the lots of waste in day today life. Increasing population, its demand & consumption pattern has triggered a sharp rise in the input material demand & price. India's limited natural resources makes it difficult to suffice need of population. Circular Economy (CE) is the solution for the imbalance in supply vs. demand. It will bring societal changes towards circularity of product and material. Circularity helps to optimize the manufacturing cost and bring down product cost. CE enables the reduction in the waste generation in manufacturing industry as well as at customer end. CE is one of the biggest contributing factors towards United Nations Sustainable Goal (SDG12) of Sustainable Consumption & Production. CE Model serve the need of different economic layers of society. CE will help India in achieving economic prosperity and environmental goals. This Paper summarize the Circular Economy application areas and benefits in Indian Manufacturing Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicles (EVs) are developing rapidly due to various factors, such as the climate and envi-ronment changes, reduction in prices comparing with conventional vehicles, due to the problems caused by gas-oline engines on the people as well as the environment. The automotive industry has changed to the EVs. EVs play a major role in reducing the emissions caused by the greenhouse gases which automatically leads to the reduction of air pollution. However, to enable the change from the traditional source of energy to fully EV powered motors, a new problem has emerged in society. The method of using electricity as a source of fuel is not a cheap task. It falls out of technology and infrastructure to support it as a primary source, infrastructure that is not available even in developed countries. EVs offer many benefits such as reducing pollution levels and oil imports bills etc. This paper offers reviews on electric vehicle mileage compiles and threats in promot-ing EVs. It also describes opportunities and challenges ahead in electric vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lot of electrical and mechanical energy is wasted in the public toilets of government and private institutes, universities, and offices, in which exhaust fans run continuously during the daytime, throughout the year in India. Not only, a huge cost is involved just to exhaust foul air, but also, put on adverse effects on the environment. This event creates an undue burden on ecology and the economy. This study uncovers a solution to this research gap in the paper "Solar-assisted eco-innovation induces eco-ventilation." The system is an eco-friendly technology in which the eco-innovation system of heliostats focuses solar radiation on a hollow hot air bulb, creating a pressure difference to ensure air exchange, remove foul air, and enhance ventilation. Instead of depending on an electrical or mechanical exhaust system, this eco-innovation can be a business model that saves working costs as well as the environment, ensuring economical and ecological sustainability and also contributing to the development process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a deep questioner among students, faculty members and higher education experts. The demand for qualified engineers in the specific field as understandably gone down. The situation is grimmer for tier-2 and tier-3 colleges in India. The purpose of opting engineering course is not to get expertise in the particular course, instead to get a job in government sector with valid degree. The problem identified in the field of engineering education towards improving the quality in education is addressed with the help of exploratory data analysis. The dataset used in our experiment is collect from UCI machine Learning Repository having 33 variables and 1044 observations. The contribution made in the paper is to identify the vital attributes using single and multi-variant regression techniques. To perform prediction using Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support vector Machine and compare their performance in terms of classification accuracy and F-Score. In addition to that a convolution Neural Network (CNN) model is established in which, the vital attributes identified using regression techniques are provided as inputs and weights at each stage is estimated using Gradient Decent algorithm with step size 0.5. The classification accuracy from 63% is improved to 97% with the help of CNN model in 26664 iterations. The finding of the present research states that student having backlogs are less frequently opting for higher studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]