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Nowadays, induction machines can be considered the backbone of various industrial applications due to the many characteristics such as rigidity, simplicity, high reliability, and low maintenance that can be manufactured for a long time. However, poor efficiency and power factor and increased amounts of torque ripple and losses significantly impact the performance and hence its efficiency. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of induction machines, the special design topology for stator and rotor configurations must be investigated and correctly estimated. This paper presents the analysis of the variable geometries of the cage's rotating bars. More specifically, the influence of dimensions and positions, as well as the shapes of the rotor rods, have a significant impact on the dynamic performance (developed torque, starting torque, ripple torque, starting current, power factor, harmonics, output power, and efficiency) are investigated. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to create the optimum designs as well as calculations are used to optimize the shapes of rotor slots in order to improve starting performance characteristics such as starting current, initial torque, magnetic flux connection under starting conditions, and efficiency. Furthermore, the characteristic of the manufacturing material of the rotor are examined, and methods to reduce losses for an induction motor to enhance efficiency are examined. This paper focuses on the squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automotive industry's recent high requirements for high-performance machinery include the selection of materials and effective procedure for cam-follower design and manufacturing. Numerous authors have used several different ways to change the mechanical design, modelling or simulation, and performance of the Cam-follower mechanism. The Cam and follower mechanism are generally utilized for the IC engine's inlet and outlet valves. This paper presents the designing, modelling, and finite element analysis of the machine cam-follower mechanism. For this analysis, the finite element method is used. The Cam-follower is one of the essential parts in the engines of automobiles and other vehicles. In this project, the standard engine cam-follower is designed and analysed using SOLIDWORKS & ANSYS WORKBENCH 2020R2 software, respectively. An engine's basic needs create the model. Presently used material for cam- follower is steel. In this paper, the cam-follower material is getting replaced with smart materials. Static structural analysis and model analysis is done cam-follower model using cast iron, steel, and different composite materials. A comparison chart is also prepared for the four materials to confirm the best suitable material for the cam-follower mechanism. Hence, using the standard materials for Cam and follower mechanisms, these can be manufactured from composite materials or smart materials as it will provide better optimization in engine performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of the city, many new tunnels inevitably pass through the area near the existing tunnel, which may have a greater impact on the existing tunnel. In this paper, the finite element model reflecting the tunnel position is established by using ABAQUS software combined with dynamic simulation analysis method and Python language programming. The influence of the relative position of the new tunnel (L,α) on the deformation of the existing tunnel, the stress of the supporting structure and the ground settlement is studied. The results show that with the increase of relative distance (L), the convergence force, maximum axial force and bending moment of lining decrease gradually. When L is constant, with the increase of α, the convergence of the roof and floor of the existing tunnel increases, and the maximum ground settlement decreases. The maximum axial force and bending moment of the existing tunnel lining increase with the increase of |α|. This paper provides a reference for the rational planning and line selection of the tunnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in engineering have widely been adopted as key enabling technologies in personalized orthopedics. This has led to a greater degree of personalization of medical devices such as fixators, implants, scaffolds, etc. Authors previously contributed to the field of personalized orthopedics through the development of the method of anatomical features (MAF). This study seeks to further innovate the established MAF and introduce a methodology for implant personalization. In this paper a method for the personalization of implants is presented on a personalized humerus shaft plate implant example. The methodology consists of two main elements Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model development. The first result of this paper is a parametric CAD model of a personalized huerus shaft implant. Its contact surface geometry is personalized so it can adapt to changes in length and width of the plate enabling a precise contact with the humerus. The second result is based on the creation of a FEA model which enables the definition of the relationship between the structural parameters and mechanical properties of the personalized implants through a response surface. This information could in the future be used by medical practitioners in the preoperative processes to select a personalized implant which is appropriate for the specific patient case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study stress acting on the dental implant by using Finite Element Analysis to consider different force directions. The material of the component was titanium. Even though long-term dental implant survival rates are easily found and established by numerous studies, the clinical success due to changes in mechanical and prosthodontic apparatuses is still debatable. By using engineering software like Finite Element Analysis and Equivalent Stress Analysis, it has been investigated stress applied to the dental implant. The finalaim of this paper is to find the stress under the load on the dental implant using the virtual model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, some features confronted in finite element analysis of combined clinching and pull-force testing process for process optimal design are investigated to suggest an engineering approach to solve the problems occurring in conducting finite element analysis and clinching process optimal design. An optimized finite element analysis model with appropriate blank size and number of finite elements, based on elasto-plasticity, is proposed in terms of reliable prediction of pull-force. The optimized finite element mesh system in terms of good mesh regularity at the material-die interface is emphasized to obtain steady predictions of pull-force for clinching process design optimization. Rigid-plastic finite element method is criticized from the standpoint of pull-force prediction while implicit elasto-plastic finite element analysis is strongly recommended especially for clinching process design optimization. An optimal process design is conducted using the proposed schemes. The engineering insights obtained from this paper can help gain a better understanding of the deformation history and can pave the way for a more realistic optimal process design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General intention of this research is to investigate possibility to identify damages occurred in overhead contact line pylons of electrified transport during their exploitation based on eigenvalues of the pylons. Metal thin-walled pylons are considered. Vibration detector "LEPTON" is introduced to experimentally obtain eigenvalues of the pylons. Fast Fourier Transformation is applied as general approach to obtain Amplitude-Frequency Characteristics of the structure. Results of experimental research of overhead contact line pylons of electrified transport are presented in this paper. Experimental data have been analyzed and conclusion about such an approach expediency is specified. Moreover, it is stated that basing on experimental data only (without any additional mathematical or finite element modelling introduction) main eigenvalue of the structure is able to be identified as 1.619-1.656 Hz range for twenty two observed pylons of Type I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of soft soil, such as low shear strength and permeability with high water content and compressibility, pose a significant challenge for constructing structures and embankments. One of the most common techniques for ground improvement is stone columns, also known as granular piles or aggregate piers. The main aim of stone column installation is to reduce settlement, shorten consolidation time and increase the bearing capacity of soils. A comprehensive literature search has extracted many studies on finite element models, numerical simulation, and large-scale tests to identify stone columns' performance. This paper presents a brief review of the published work on the stone columns in the last 11 years (from 2000 until 2021) in order to describe the growth and the latest research developments of ground improvement by stone columns. The main findings from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases are divided into two main subdivisions: the single/group stone column reinforced foundation and the ordinary/encased stone column, explicitly focusing on bearing capacity and mode of failures. Thus, this review paper provides the efficiency of the latest research trend as a guide for other researchers and industry practices that may be significant in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research presented here suggests a novel technique for forecasting the surface elastic properties (parameters) of soft solids, specifically σo (surface tension), μs (lame second parameters), and λs (lame first parameter), using machine learning approaches. Soft solids, distinguished by their distinct mechanical properties, are essential in a wide range of applications, from biomedical devices to wearable electronics. Understanding and forecasting surface characteristics is critical for progressing in material design and engineering. While previous research has looked into components of surface elasticity, this study stands out by using machine learning algorithms to predict these properties. Data is generated using Abaqus Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software, resulting in a comprehensive dataset (340875 instances) for training and evaluation. The major goal is to create accurate predictive models that can estimate the surface parameters σo, μs, and λs which govern the material's reaction to external pressures and strains. These surface properties are critical in characterising the behaviour of soft solids, making their prediction an important step towards improved material design and innovation. Considering the multi parameter nature of the prediction work, the paper adopts Multi-Output Decision Tree Regression (MODTR) as the machine learning algorithm of the choice. Various measures of performance, such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Coefficient of Determination (R2 Score), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), are used to analyse results. While previous research has looked into surface elasticity, this paper is the first to use machine learning and finite element analysis data to predict surface characteristics. The results have the potential to advance the uses of soft materials by providing significant insights into their behaviour and permitting creative designs in domains ranging from electronics to biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automotive wheel is an indispensable part of a motor vehicle as it is the first part that receives loads in various forms from applications such as falls, heavy cargo and cornering, etc. This paper presents the effectiveness of the analysis process using a finite element method to simulate the dynamic cornering fatigue test by comparing the experimental results with the finite element analysis (FEA) results obtained from three methods: full transient, modal transient and static structural methods. The static structural method was found to have the highest accuracy, with less than 2% error, and also the least computational time. It takes 97% less computational time than the full transient method. Therefore, this paper demonstrates that the static structural method is most effective in using the fatigue life analysis to improve design prior to actual testing to help reduce the cost and time of launching new products in the alloy manufacturing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the evaluation of the performance of the FEMM software in comparison with the performance of the ANSYS/Emag software, where the magnetorheological (MR) valve needs magnetic designs and that the calculation by traditional methods is not easy, so need finite element modeling and analysis (FEM). As the ANSYS/Emag software is certified in most researches magnetorheological (MR) valves, in this paper, the magnetic designs of three papers were relied upon in which the ANSYS/Emag software for magnetic analysis was used. By using FEMM software for the same MR valve magnetic designs, the results of the magnetic density and magnetic flux density satisfactory and close to the ANSYS/Emag software depending on the same dimensions, metals, and the number of coils turns of the original design. The FEMM software is characterized by flexibility and ease of use, due to its specialization in calculating magnetic designs, and less complex than other software. (Some figures in this article may appear in color only in the online version). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-velocity interaction between particles and nonflat surfaces is relevant to processes occurring in additive manufacturing technologies such as cold spray. The study of the behavior of the material during a high-velocity collision is needed to understand the full-scale process. The paper addresses the normal contact interaction between spherical particles as well as spherical surfaces at a velocity as high as 400 m/s. The problem is approached by numerical simulation applying the finite element method using strain, strain-rate, and temperature-dependent plasticity model. The focus of this report is to show the contribution of colliding particle radii to the interaction parameters. The results include contact duration, contact surface area, displacement, heat energy, stress, and strain rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a nonlinear 3D model analysis of composite steel-concrete beams with web openings using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The core of the study forms the fundamental procedure of finite element (FE) model building focused on the behavior and structural performance of concrete. Results from various finite element models are compared in the study. The study objective is to define different constitutive models and observe their influence on the structural performance of numerical models of the composite beams at particular load stages. The corresponding deformations, stresses, strains, and fracture patterns were determined. The results show how load-bearing elements consisting of concrete parts can be analyzed using FEM software with various options in order to create the most suitable numerical model. The paper demonstrates the versatility of ANSYS software usage for structural simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presented a finite element method (FEM) analysis for a transient redox reaction on a single electrode microdisk via commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics®. The software capabilities in modelling have been well documented, however, a direct comparison of the 1-dimension (1D), 2-dimension (2D) axisymmetric, and 3-dimension (3D) models for electrode microdisk is scarcely available. The developed model is for cyclic voltammetry under semi-infinite spherical diffusion. Mesh refinement with its consequent number of elements (noe), computation time (tcom), and current, I(t) was compared on the 1D, 2D axisymmetric, and 3D model. This paper proved the software's consistency to produce less than 3% error between simulation and analytical results across all dimensions. 1D simulation took around 3 minutes to complete, giving less than 0.1% error. While the 2D axisymmetric simulation completed around 10 minutes with 0.5% error. On very fine mesh using a 3D model can yield a simulation with an error of 2.5%. It has the drawback of taking significantly longer tcom to complete. A slight discrepancy between 2D axisymmetric and 3D simulation results on finest meshing recorded to have less than 3% difference and that is due to CPU memory limit. Further investigations on complex electrochemistry using this platform are justified and highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A valve is a device that control or regulate the fluid in the pipe line, which is commonly used in all industries like oil and gas, process, power, mining, etc. Valves are mainly classified into two types, namely, linear motion valve and rotary motion. A butterfly valve is among the family of rotary motion valve (quarter turn valve) having a metal closure plate along with middle shaft, which acts as a rotating axis. The quarter turn valves are fast to open and close as they required only 90 degrees to rotate in order to fully close and open. The objective of this paper is to identify and study the various characteristics and performance of butterfly valves used in the process industries through various literatures. The most important key performance parameters are identified such as valve operating torque and sealing hence additional research is required to optimize the sealing performance and valve torque by using finite element analysis and engineering hand calculations. Also, it is concluded size optimization is the best methodology for valves according to the industrial valves market scenario. In future research, the factors influencing the design variables to be explored more by scientific methods and the relationship between the variables are to be investigated in order to find the impact of values changes in the variables by using research methodology and technique such as linear regression analysis, correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and etc., Further a reverse engineering to be carried out in high performance butterfly valves to explore the performances and same has been optimized by finite element analysis and engineering calculation without affecting the international valve design guide lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An accurate analytical model of the physical assembled structure is predominantly importance for engineers and designers to be used in predicting the dynamic behaviour of the structure. Powerful tools such as finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental modal analysis (EMA) can be used to determine the dynamic behaviour of the assembled structure. The assembled structure such as automotive structure is normally joined by a number of jointing types such as spot welds, bolts, and adhesive. However due to advancement of the jointing method, the laser jointing method have been significantly used in the automotive industries. However, it is challenging and cumbersome to accurately model a structure that are assembled by a combination of complex types of joints such as laser stitch welds. This is because stitch welds have been discovered as joining method that tends to present the local effect such as structure geometrical irregularities, heat affected zone (HAZ) on the welded areas and also the residual stress that occurs from the laser welding process. In addition, it is challenging to only rely on the prediction of the dynamic behaviour using FE method because predicted results are often found inconsistent with the experimental data. The inconsistencies of the results due to invalid assumptions of laser stitch welds are the significant motivation to the main goal of this paper by investigating the accuracy of the finite element model of the laser stitch welded structure. In this paper, the prediction of the dynamic behaviour of the structure are merely to address the local effects due to the laser stitch welds such as geometrical irregularities, HAZ and residual stress that influence the initial prediction of the laser stitch welded structure by producing highly accurate prediction model as close to experimental data. The inclusion of the local effects to the initial FE model are performed in the sensitivity analysis to identify the most sensitive parameters of the laser stitch welded structure. The FE model updating method was employed with corresponding to the measured result for reconciliation purpose. The results revealed that the inclusion of the local effects due to the welding process can significantly improve the prediction of the dynamic behaviour of the laser stitch welded structure and the implementation of the sensitivity analysis was successful in correcting the source of error by improving the correlation of the predicted results with experimental counterpart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose using the wave finite element method and genetic algorithms to design periodic waveguide structures with optimal stop-bands. Instead of modelling waveguides using the standard finite element method, we use the wave finite element method to model the waveguides. The wave and finite element method is based on using periodic structure theory and the finite element model of a unit cell of the waveguide to describe the waveguide's motion in terms of wave amplitudes rather than in terms of physical degrees of freedom. This results in a numerically efficient model of the waveguide which can be used in optimisation studies. In particular, the focus of this paper is on the optimisation of stop-bands in the waveguides which leverage this property of periodic structures. Genetic algorithms will be used to optimise the stop-bands. A numerical example where analytical models can be obtained will be used to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach and its potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the study was to replace traditional steel leaf springs with composite materials while maintaining their size and geometry. This paper represents the design and static analysis of the mono leaf-spring. A Metal Matrix composite P100 Gr/6061 Al has been used to compare the existing leaf spring made up of stainless steel. This paper aims to design and perform static structural analysis comparison between mono leaf spring made up of metal matrix composite (MMC) and existing material steel. The structural modeling and finite element analysis [FAE] of mono leaf spring has been performed in Catia v5 R20 software and then imported to the ANSYS 2022 R1 workbench resulting in the improvement of the design of mono leaf spring along with weight reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prosthesis has been advancing since the day of its introduction, having a tremendous degree of advancement and examination in clinical field as well as in robotics. This has been an influence for researchers who made it conceivable with various types of prosthetics that are accessible these days in the market both commercially and uniquely crafted. This paper throws light on numerical simulation and design of a prosthetic leg. The work focuses on the optimization and simulation of a prosthetic leg, improving its strength and making it cost effective. The paper has described the design and analysis of two early-existed models of prosthetic leg, comparing their strength and durability through different material analysis and thereafter designing a new model with better strength, having a high deformation rate or durability, and having much cost-efficient design and material. The Finite element analysis (FEA) was done in Ansys software, the material properties and cost efficiency were kept in mind during the analysis as well as during selection of material. Prosthetics are modified for every person, remembering the utilization and actual properties. In any case, the conventional prosthetics are heavier, and the production is costly andtedious. The current study resolves this issue and proposes an elective plan for prosthetic legs. The designed prosthetic was simulated properly and has been compared with earlier existed models. The study concludes that the new design is much more efficient and user friendly that the wearer will feel comfortable, to live a normal life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers a test problem for verification of the open-source software Code_Aster for the tasks of simulating strain gauge force sensors. Due to complex geometry, strain gauge force sensors are simulated using Finite Element Analysis Software. For robust design and optimization of strain gauge force sensors, their stress-strain state has to be simulated with good accuracy. In this paper, stress-strain state of a number of typical elastic elements used to manufacture strain gauge force sensors was analyzed using Code_Aster and ANSYS as the reference software. The comparison of strains and stresses shows that nodal strains obtained from Code_Aster are in good agreement with those calculated using ANSYS, and the stress results show reasonable agreement. The simulation fidelity and the open-source license of Code_Aster make it a good tool for educational projects and course works devoted to design of strain gauge force sensors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Without the use of conductive wires, wireless power transfer (WPT). An important part of IPT are the magnetic charging pads, i.e., the wireless connections that are responsible for transmitting the required electrical power from the source-side to the components of the electric vehicles (EVs). Any misalignment of the receiver (RX) and transmitter (TX) coupling coils must be tolerated by the magnetic coupler. This paper introduces a modern charging pad called "DD-CC" that combines traditional "DD" and circular "CC" pads. In regards of coupling parameters and the misalignment impact, a comparison is made between the suggested pad and the double "DD" pad. The system is designed and evaluated utilizing finite element analysis (FEA) using "ANSYS_MAXWELL" program. The results demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed "DD-CC" pad, which offers a strong coupling coefficient of (K) = 0.300 when compare with the DD pad. MATLAB-Simulink is used to simulate a WPT system to transmit power in the range of up to 11.1 KVA over (Z2) distance class. A good efficiency of 99.24% was achieved for the designed charging pad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Castellated beams are well contemporarily ascribable to their structural applications. The Castellated beams are manufactured by fragmenting hot-formed rolled section that is of I shape in then it is welded together. The numerical analysis is performed using ABAQUS software. Consequently flexural, shear behavior of Castellated beams, various size and shape of openings provided, depth of openings, usage of different kinds of stiffeners, columns with and without web openings are the attempts made up in different journal papers and he researchers. It is also found that the Finite element analysis of the beam shows better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the research work is to present the free vibration analysis of plates composed of one of the materials that have good performance and can be applied in many fields like buildings. Material that has such properties is Functionally Graded Material (FGM). FGM consists of a mixture of ceramics and metals through varying volume fractions, ceramic material as a heat barrier at the high-temperature side, and metal material with rigid properties and high conductivity at the low-temperature side. In this paper, the FGM plate is investigated using the finite element method. We use 3-node Triangular Mixed Interpolation of Tensorial Components (MITC3), widely used by researchers or commercial software. The MITC3 element is a triangular element that gives good performance to analyze plate problems, especially isotropic plate problems. We performed the numerical analysis to examine the performance and convergence behavior of the MITC3 FGM plate element in the case of rectangular plates with varying length to width ratios, and the results are compared with the reference solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vehicle moving on the road is subjected to a continuous source of vibration. A shock absorber in the suspension system is used to isolate the vehicle from the force transmitted by road irregularities. A shock absorber converts vibration into heat energy. This paper deals with the conversion of vibration energy into electrical energy by employing a transmission mechanism which is called a mechanical motion rectifier. This mechanism converts linear vibratory motion into unidirectional motion, which is then supplied to the DC generator. A rack and pinion type gear, a one way clutch bearing, and a bevel gear arrangement are used in this mechanism. This paper focuses on the design of the mechanical motion rectifier, which has a compact size. Static structural analysis is carried out for the rack and pinion system to identify displacement by using finite element analysis software. The design based on the mechanical motion rectifier can also be used for other applications for energy harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a two-dimensional finite element (FE) modeling utilized to simulate experimental testing of reinforced concrete (RC) beams externally strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced laminate (CFRP). Four models of concavely flat and curved soffit RC beams were developed. These beams were simulated to be simply supported and loaded statically up to failure by a mid-span single load. The simulations are undertaken to predict the failure mode and load- carrying capacity and gain further understanding of the influence of curvature on CFRP delamination behavior. In this study, eight experimentally tested RC beams were used for comparison with the FE models. The curved soffit beams were constructed with different degrees of curvature of 5, 10, and 15mm/m. The experimental and FE simulation results showed that specimens with 5, 10, and 15mm/m degree of curvature had an average change in the load -carrying capacity of up to 2.5, 6, and 3%, respectively. Furthermore, simulation results showed the failure mode was CFRP intermediate-span crack- induced (IC) de-bonding as observed experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a polymer matrix composite (PMC) which is widely used in Aerospace, automobile and other engineering applications, which is reinforced with fly ash is taken in different weight ratios for manufacturing of Fly wheel cup. The principle target of this paper is to determine the behavior of fly wheel cup which is manufactured by deep drawing process using polymer matrix composite (PMC). In order to find the behavior of finite element analysis technique is used to find the deformation and equivalent elastic strain. Deformation of Fly Wheel Cup was found in the range of 0.0017 m – 0.008 m, and the level of equivalent elastic strain was found in the range 0.0087 – 0.04. And compared the results with Mild Steel, which is presently in use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a finite element model for the amphibious aircraft spreader bar using a composite structure will be presented. The initial spreader bar cross-section is an ellipse with an overall thickness of 3.8 mm and an additional thickness on the minor axis. The spreader bar using a composite structure is proposed to replace the initial spreader bar using aluminium. Composite Toray-TCA T700S-12K-50C#2510 Plain Weave Fabric will be used to replace aluminium 6061-T6. The composite spreader bar cross-section is similar to the initial design by applying ply drop-off to vary the thickness of its cross-section. There are 44 plies for the thick zone and 18 for the thin zone. For stacking sequences, all zones use symmetric layers. Model verification has been performed by comparing the spreader bar cross-section from the computer-aided design and finite element model. The spreader bar is modeled with a 2D shell element to obtain the failure index and margin of safety using Tsai-Wu failure criteria. The side load while landing will be used in this paper because it is a critical load during the flight. The side load generates tension, compression, shear, roll moment, yaw moment, and torsion in the spreader bar structure. The spreader bar structure using composite material is 42.8% lighter than using aluminium. The margin of safety of spreader bar structure using aluminium and composite material are -0.37 and 1.54, respectively. This results mean that composite structure can be used as an amphibious aircraft spreader bar, which is safer than aluminium in terms of strength, but not better in terms of stiffness due to its lower elastic modulus than aluminium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gear transmissions are widely used in modern machines due to the high efficiency, invariability of gear ratio, large power range and compactness of construction. The design process of such machine parts is rather complex since multiple factors such as geometrical, technological, exploitation and material features has an impact on the obtained results. In this paper, the influence of the parameters of the zero-backlash spur gear wheel on the stress distribution is presented with using finite element analysis performed in ABAQUS. The obtained results shows the importance of proper shaping of the geometrical features of the gear wheel. The methodology presented in this paper can be used to improve the design process of zero-backlash gear transmissions as well as to analyze the existing designs in order to verify its exploitation properties. Additionally, the presented research has a didactic purpose to highlight main risks and problems with using dynamic FEM analysis for analyzing gear transmissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To calculate analytical model of buildings and receive stress-strain state results, triangulation of structural elements is required. Great attention should be paid to reinforced concrete multi-span floor slabs at the joints with vertical elements. Due to unevenness and complexity in form, the finite element mesh of slab in such places can become more concentrated, which leads to an increase in stress values and inadequately elements design. To prevent such negative consequences and create an even mesh all over the slab, additional mesh generation in such places is required. To simplify such problem and reduce human costs, adjustment of finite element (FE) mesh can be obtained by means of visual programming. The purpose of this paper is to obtain and compare the results of finite element analysis (FEA) of reinforced concrete floor slab in residential building and to adjust generated mesh at the joints with vertical elements by means of visual programming in SAPFIR-3D. The scientific and practical importance of the work stands in the describing of the method of adjustment of FE mesh generation of floor slabs at the joints with vertical elements by means of visual programming. The results of the research are based on the results of calculation in programming complexes SAPFIR-3D and LIRA-SAPR, also analysis of literary sources and practical experience of the authors. The article revealed the possibility usage of visual programming to adjust FE mesh of floor slab with aim to simplify its shape at the joints with vertical structural elements. There is considered method and options for visual programming in the SAPFIR-3D. In this paper, results of the 8-storey skeleton reinforced concrete residential building with basement, have been analyzed and compared. The practical importance of the results of this paper lies in the presentation of the proposed method to adjust FE mesh of floor slab by means of visual programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stents are used in Angio-plasticity (to make the blood flow through it, as an alternative for veins). Reason for choosing material to be shape memory alloy (SMA) is that It should be flexible and resilient. Along with it, it should expand on heating and contract on cooling. A study like this will help to understand more about the behavior of the stent and provide designers with valuable information on how to improve the quality of the stent for different biological loading conditions using FEA. Research and development of new products in biomaterial can be made more cost-effective by implementing this technology. This paper with the help of this FE analysis, two cardiovascular stents made of Aluminum and Nitinol alloy have been thoroughly examined. Comparative results are validated for the different shape memory alloy (SMA) material to know their nonlinear behavior during excessive blood pressure conditions. The outcome of this paper is to determine the FOS and which material is reliable amongst the material. The total deformation of aluminum alloy obtained from the FEA analysis was 1.9174 mm, this total deformation value is greater than the nitinol material. Hence from the analysis its concluded that the nitinol is better than the aluminum alloy when designing a cardiovascular self-expanding stent with more life, less deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro tunnel boring machines (MTBM) are the smaller size of tunnel boring machines for installing pipelines beneath the earth's surface with minimum disturbance to the regular life of the community above the tunneling location. The micro tunneling process is a remotely controlled continuous process to insert the pipes under the ground with the different types of soil and rock conditions using the hydraulic pipe jacking technique. MTMB consists of several components such as cutting shield, shield skin, shaft, bearing, motor, thrust cylinders, slurry pipes, etc., The cutting shield is driven by the shaft that experiences the loads transferred from Earth pressure, water pressure, building loads over the tunneling locations and seismic loads. Also, the shaft may experience sudden jerks during the restarting of the evacuation process. There are many possibilities in failures of cutting blades, shaft, and bearings during the excavation process. The accessibility and repair of failures in micro tunneling are challenging because of the smaller diameter of pipes. Therefore, the shaft is the major driving system that needs to be designed to withstand all the operating loads. In this paper, the major loads acting on the MTBM machine and the loads that transfer to the MTBM shaft are carried out and the shaft design is verified for its safety by Finite Element Analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exoskeleton suit is one of the technological aids to bring benefits to disability and rehabilitation and industrial worker, especially of manually material handling at the factory floor. The repetitive motion during the operation caused different types of injuries. Physiological assessment towards industrial exoskeleton suit is getting the attention in order the suit is truly able to aid the workers in the challenging working environment. This paper presents a developed exoskeleton suit to allow users to operate it regardless the body size or weight with a substantial comfortable level. The testing result revealed the developed suit not only fulfills the physiological aspect assessment, but the load lifting and EMG sensor signal capturing performance were consistent as well. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) result also verified the mechanical design is below the yield stress during load lifting operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper wind field and work performance of horizontal-axial wind turbine (HAWT) structure under strong wind are studied by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Wind environment and wind load of a HAWT structure are examined by CFD under strong static winds with speed of 25m/s and 33m/s and fluctuating wind with average speed of 33m/s. Structural analysis show that structural responses increase in magnitude under fluctuating wind compared with those under static wind. It shows that fluctuating wind can be used to obtain exact behaviours for high-rise structure like HAWT for their property of wind sensitivity. Otherwise, the structural response will be underestimated under actual wind loading and safety performance cannot be evaluated accurately for this kind structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years much research has been going on in Fiber Metal Laminate by the researcher and engineers because of its attractive properties. Along with that lot of Finite Element, Analysis-based studies are also employed to overcome the experimental test difficulty and fabrication of material. This research paper gives a detailed approach to Finite Element Analysis for high-velocity impact tests. The 3/2 stack up sequence of Aluminium 2024 and Basalt fabric is as follows, with the epoxy resin as the binding polymer. The varying parameter for this study is the impact velocity and mass of the indenter. From this study, energy, total displacement, and force are observed as a result. A uniform trend is observed in energy distribution between the various velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the design of a strain gauge loadcell with a range of 10 kgf, intended for installation in a test machine. The basic rules used in its design are given. A strength-strain analysis of the elastic element of the loadcell was performed using the finite element method. The steps of production of the loadcell are outlined. The manufactured loadcell is calibrated using the experimental setup described in this paper and the loadcell is built into a test machine. The system for measuring the strength of the test machine is verified, evaluated and classified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a spiral steel staircase with finite element analysis using ABAQUS software. The design of a spiral steel staircase uses thin plates without center support. The geometric shape of the spiral steel staircase, which has a height of 4.05 m between floors, is designed with a total diameter of 3.05 m, where the inner diameter is 0.75 m, it has 31 steps with a stair width of 1.15 m, the height of the steps and railing is 1 meter. The design of a spiral steel staircase using thin plates without center support will cause stability problems. The staircase structure is modelled as a nonlinear finite using the ABAQUS program to solve this problem. The finite element analysis is carried out to determine the structure's most significant displacement and stress. The most significant displacement value in the Z-direction (gravity) is 3.551 mm on the outer side. It means the inside area of the staircase has greater rigidity than on the outer side. The results demonstrate that the inner side of the staircase is the major support for the structure and the critical part of the system, so it should be considered in the spiral steel staircase design and construction stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precast beam-to-beam connections have recently become feasible for constructing emulative moment resistance connections in frame building systems with optimised design and less complex connection details. In the numerical simulation of the precast reinforced concrete (RC) connection, the definition of the interface behaviour between the precast and post-cast concrete elements, the linking modelling of discontinuous main bars and the proper selection of constitutive material laws are the key factors toward the success of the finite element (FE) application in precast RC connection. Despite the growing research on the numerical simulation of precast connections, most of them tend to either assume a perfect bond or frictional behaviour between precast and post-cast concrete. This could overestimate the results in the first assumption and neglect the adhesive bonding in the second one. Further, less consideration on the main bars' continuity modelling in the previous FE studies. Therefore, this paper presents a 3D non-linear finite element analysis for precast RC beam-to-beam connection using ABAQUS software, focusing on material property definition, concrete-to-concrete interface interaction, and reinforcing bars continuity. This study aims at determining the structural behaviour of precast beam-to-beam connections under monotonic static load. Results of the FE model showed a good agreement with experimental results in terms of crack patterns and load capacity. Overall, the FE model developed in this study can be adopted as an effective tool in predicting the performance of precast RC frame connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Members of double-symmetrical open cross-sections are widely used as columns in steel structures. In many cases columns are subjected not only to axial force but also local transverse force due to effect of beams connected to the columns. It results in compression in the column web that should be verified in the structural design. Current standard for design of joints in steel structures provides basic information for verification of this joint component. The design resistance of column web in compression is given as yielding resistance or, based on relative slenderness of the web, buckling resistance which takes into account buckling and crippling of the web that are considered using reduction factor. The complex behaviour of the column web in compression is affected by number of aspects, e.g. structural solution of the joint (bolted, welded, with or without end plate), level of normal stress resulting from axial force or possible interaction with shear. The paper focuses on selected aspects influencing the resistance of the column web in transverse compression and summarizes results of advanced geometrically and materially nonlinear numerical analysis which are compared with results determined using provisions in the standards. The numerical analysis was performed using computation system based on finite element method. As it is considered that the resistance of the column web in transverse compression is influenced also by the geometric properties of the cross-section including geometry of the flange-web transition, both rolled and welded cross-sections with various values of web slenderness were selected for the analysis. Along with evaluation of the results obtained in the frame of the study, suitability of different types of numerical models for investigation of this problem is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a design methodology of Switched Reluctance motor for Integrated Starter Generator in hybrid electric vehicle applications. An ISG is one of the recent research technology in automobile industries. The conventional vehicle needs a Starter motor to start the engine and an alternator to generate the power for battery charging. An ISG operates as the conventional starter motor and alternator in a single machine. With the help of an asymmetric bridge converter, the Switched Reluctance Machine starts up as a motor. The SRM functions as a generator with the switching of an asymmetric bridge converter once the engine starts and accelerates, and it is transformed into a DC supply and stored in the battery. Analytical calculations were used to develop the proposed SRM-based ISG design details, which are optimised for the required torque and speed. In a Finite Element Analysis (MagNet) simulation, the performance of SRM-based ISG is examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the possibility of modeling a media with explicit fracturing by the finite element method (FEM) using CUDA. Our implementation of the FEM allows solving the direct problem for models with fracture systems in a reasonable time due to the use of a matrix-free algorithm, which has shown high efficiency of parallelization in a vectorized form. In our implementation, each fracture is specified explicitly; the size (length) of an individual fracture and its orientation in space can be varied. This paper analyzes the efficiency of our parallel implementation of the vectorized matrix-free FEM on GPUs for full-wave simulation in media with mesoscopic fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates the fracture of the target plate under shock-wave loading. The material of the target plate is orthotropic organic plastic. The compression wave was generated on organic plastic using an aluminum striker plate. The velocity of interaction varied from 100 to 400 m/s. The study is carried out numerically by the finite element method in a three-dimensional statement using the author's software EFES. An elastic-brittle model is proposed to describe the behavior of the composite. A tensor-polynomial criterion of the second degree is used as a criterion of the fracture of the composite. A two-stage model is proposed to describe the fracture of the orthotropic material of the target plate. The model of the behavior of the composite takes into account the different modulus of strength properties in compression and tension. The behavior of the material of the striker is described by an elastoplastic medium, for the fracture of which a deformation criterion is proposed according to the limiting value of plastic deformation. The influence of the direction of reinforcement of the composite on the fracture of the target plate was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a numerical simulation of the interaction of the cylindrical steel projectiles with orthotropic barriers made of organic plactic. Problems are solved numerically, by the finite element method, in a three-dimensional formulation within the framework of the phenomenological approach to solid mechanics using the original EFES software package. The behavior of the steel projectile material is described by an elastic model. The behavior of an anisotropic material is represented by the elastic-brittle model. The effect of failure criteria on the stress-strain state of an anisotropic barrier is compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a numerical simulation of the interaction of the effects of elongated cylindrical steel projectiles with concrete obstacles. Problems are solved numerically, by the finite element method, in a three-dimensional formulation within the framework of the phenomenological approach to solid mechanics using the original EFES software package. The behavior of the steel projectile material is described by an elastic model. The deformation, damage and cracking processes of concrete are studied using the JH-2 model, which can account for high strains, high strain rates and high pressures in the material. The calculation algorithm used takes into account the formation of discontinuities in the material and the fragmentation of the solids with the formation of new free surfaces. The study also addresses the influence of reinforcement on concrete damage and failure dynamics in certain structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the eigenvalue computation of real symmetric matrices of size three. This problem is usually a part of student exams in the basic linear algebra courses and the solution by the characteristic polynomial belongs to crucial skills of successful graduates. However, in practical applications, e.g., numerical solution of elastoplasticity problems by finite element method, this basic solution process is not applicable and the problem is solved numerically. For instance, Matlab provides the "eig" command for the eigenvalue computation but the sequential calling of this function through all of the integration points can became easily the bottleneck. In our contribution, we provide and examine the vectorized approach of the solution process, which can be easily implemented in any scripting language, such as Matlab or Python. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Riveted connections represent one of the most common structural details in existing railway bridges. Due to the complex manufacturing process (i.e. on field hot-driven hammering), peculiar constructional imperfections are often detected on existing riveted bridges, such as forged head distortions or shank misalignments. The presence of defects acting as local stress raisers, in conjunction with the increase of traffic loads with respect to erection time, may lead to a consistent reduction of the structural service life due to fatigue damage. In the present paper, the cyclic response of lap shear riveted connections is assessed by means of finite element analyses (FEAs). A parametric study has been conducted to investigate the influence of connections geometrical features on their fatigue performance, namely: (i) imperfection magnitude, (ii) rivets diameter, (iii) connected plates thickness and (iv) number of rivets. FEAs, which were calibrated against experimental tests drawn from literature, enlighten the detrimental influence of constructional defects on the fatigue performance of investigated connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is addressed to the coupled hydro-mechanical model of clayey soils, where both coupling terms between mechanical and transport parts will be defined. The model is intended for the solution of basic engineering problems in geome-chanics such as slope stability or foundation settlement. The hydraulic model involves saturated and unsaturated water flow in porous medium while plasticity model with the Cam-Clay yield criterion for partially saturated soils is adopted for the mechanical behaviour. The model results in set of partial differential equations which are discretized in space with the help of the finite element method. The model was implemented in the in-house open source software package SIFEL that was used for the simulation of the cyclic loading of footing strip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an effective numerical framework for the solution of practical problems related to steel corrosion in reinforced concrete structures. It uses the Fick's law, Nernst-Planck equation and Gauss law of electrostatics to solve lab expreriments as well as real cases. Finite element model and the Galerkin-Petrov approach is used to solve several tasks. Lab experiments are simulated in one dimension to assess diffusion coefficient of a plain concrete and of a concrete treated by electromigration of nanoparticles. The solution is given for the problem of diffusion of chlorides to the reinforced concrete beam and for the electrically accelerated extraction of chlorides from the structure. The potential use of nanoparticle treatment is demonstrated by an order of magnitude decrese in diffusion coefficient. Electro-extraction treatment was found very effective in the concrete cover while less effective behind the reinforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimating the performance of an optimally designed thermoelectric generator is essential for energy harvesting applications. This paper presents a numerical simulation of a thermoelectric generator consisting of vertically aligned p-type poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulfonate) films and n-type aluminum wire-based thermoelements, using finite element analysis. It also determines the optimal length of the thermoelements to achieve the highest temperature gradient with the lowest internal resistance, resulting in improved thermoelectric generator output performance. The thermoelectric generator with five pairs of thermoelements produces a maximum open-circuit voltage of 3.22 mV at a temperature gradient of 50 °C. Following that, the generator provides a maximum output power of 2.54 μW and a power density of 394 nWcm−2, at a temperature gradient of 50 °C. The proposed design concept could result in a better temperature gradient as well as improved output performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonlinear viscoelastic modeling has been adopted with numerical simulations to investigate the behavior of long-term deflection (creep) of the strengthening two-way slab by FRP sheets under sustained load. Creep is always related to damage, and its one complex phenomenon that is set up differently in each program, so computations are done using the Finite Element Method (FEM) by using the ANSYS/ APDL Ver19.2 program. In the ANSYS program, creep analysis can be done in a variety of ways. One of these is the Prony series' definition of creep function. Which shows the time and creep properties, this paper investigate into it? For that first, the results of creep tests were available in the literature are used to validate the numerical shear modulus calculation of FEM program ANSYS. Which are used for the modeled slabs. In modeling of a slab different types of FE were used. Finally, the results were presented in figures. This study included two parts: the first part included compare the result between numerical and experimental and achieved a good agreement. In the second part included the investigations some important parameters' effect on the behavior of strengthening two-way slab consisted; the sustained load magnitude, compressive strength, length to thickness of the slab, and FRP sheet type. Where analyzed seventy-two models and noticed that: Increasing the sustained load 100% and 200% leads to an increase in deflection about (2 and 2.5) times. An increase (l/h) by 150% leads to an increase mid slab deflection about (5.615) times. Increased the compressive strength of concrete by 50% and 100% led to a decrease in deflection by 12.56% and 17.9%%, respectively. The models strengthening with CFRP have a higher deflection than the models strengthening with GFRP by 14.23% because the GFRP have a greater elastic modulus than the CFRP that is used in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Finite Element analysis the size of mesh plays a critical role. It is closely said that accuracy and number of mesh required for the meshing of the element. This paper presents the effect of the von misses and various constraints on the accuracy of the result. On the basis of the papers referred and guidelines obtained for choosing the appropriate mesh size in finite element analysis has been provided and explained about the von misses stress occurred in the model. The web reinforcement should be strengthened enough to carry tension forces as well as compression forces so that the compression wrinkling is avoided. Von mises proves to be the perfect safe value for the designing of composite structures which involves various stress theories and failure criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]