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Most of the engineering fields, including mechatronics, require reliable operation of structures. Because of that, structural health monitoring (SHM) is rapidly becoming an integral part of critical structures. There are many different SHM techniques and each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages related to techniques sensitivity to defects and operational costs. A lot of study is done in vibration based SHM, especially in modal analysis and operational modal analysis (OMA) fields. This paper proposes signal processing algorithm called Modal Field Comparison Method (MFCM) for OMA based SHM system. The method considers processing of vibration responses, such as acceleration or deformation signals, received from multiple vibration sensors installed on the structure. MFCM gives a single value estimation of how the condition of a structure has changed in relation to reference condition. Theoretical basis of the method is presented, as well as results of experimental study on a cantilever beam with 12 deformation sensors (piezo films). Sensitivity to condition modification was also studied by installing test masses on the beam. The paper discusses good and promising results of the study, but further work is necessary to establish foundation for a potential automatic SHM system.

Lightweight curtain walls are one of the solutions used as wall covering and exterior walls of buildings in the 21st-century construction industry. It is not just an alternative to concrete construction but, above all, the trend and development of innovative technologies. The large variety of curtain wall systems offered often makes the investor face a difficult choice. The selection of the solution of that is the most advantageous may be supported by the multi-criteria analysis method. The paper proposes one selected method that enables the client to make the right decision. Its work is illustrated by an example.Lightweight curtain walls are one of the solutions used as wall covering and exterior walls of buildings in the 21st-century construction industry. It is not just an alternative to concrete construction but, above all, the trend and development of innovative technologies. The large variety of curtain wall systems offered often makes the investor face a difficult choice. The selection of the solution of that is the most advantageous may be supported by the multi-criteria analysis method. The paper proposes one selected method that enables the client to make the right decision. Its work is illustrated by an example.

In this paper, we propose a new experimental method for determining the moments of inertia of the ship model. The paper gives a brief review of existing methods, a description of the proposed method and experimental stand, test procedures and calculation formulas and experimental results. The proposed method is based on the energy approach with special program motions. The ship model is fixed in a special rack consisting of a torsion element and a set of additional servo drives with flywheels (reactive wheels), which correct the motion. The servo drives with an adaptive controller provide the symmetry of the motion, which is necessary for the proposed identification procedure. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is confirmed by experimental results.

Nowadays polymers are commonly used in various applications, which make it difficult to avoid its usage even though it causes environmental problems. Natural fibers are best alternate to overcome the polymer based environmental issues. Natural fibers play an important role in developing high performing fully newline biodegradable green composites which will be a key material to solve environmental problems in future. In this paper deals the properties analysis of banana fiber is combined with epoxy resin in order to create a natural composite, which has special characteristics for aerospace applications. The objective of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of failure modes and strength of natural composite using experimental and numerical methods. The test specimen of natural composite has been fabricated as per ASTM standard, which undergoes tensile and compression tests using Tinius Olsen UTM in order to determine mechanical and physical properties. The reference model has been designed by CATIA, and then numerical simulation has been carried out by Ansys Workbench 16.2 for the given boundary conditions.Nowadays polymers are commonly used in various applications, which make it difficult to avoid its usage even though it causes environmental problems. Natural fibers are best alternate to overcome the polymer based environmental issues. Natural fibers play an important role in developing high performing fully newline biodegradable green composites which will be a key material to solve environmental problems in future. In this paper deals the properties analysis of banana fiber is combined with epoxy resin in order to create a natural composite, which has special characteristics for aerospace applications. The objective of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of failure modes and strength of natural composite using experimental and numerical methods. The test specimen of natural composite has been fabricated as per ASTM standard, which undergoes tensile and compression tests using Tinius Olsen UTM in order to determine mechanical and physical properties. The reference model has been designed by ...

The paper analyzes the existing feature extraction methods. The characteristics of discrete Fourier transform and piecewise aggregation approximation are analyzed. Combining with the advantages of the two methods, a new piecewise discrete Fourier transform is proposed. And the method is used to analyze the lighting power of a large customer in this paper. The time series feature maps of four different cases are compared with the original data, discrete Fourier transform, piecewise aggregation approximation and piecewise discrete Fourier transform. This new method can reflect both the overall trend of electricity change and its internal changes in electrical analysis.

Operating room is one of sectors in a hospital which exerts a great impact on the hospital. This kind of facility may both cost a lot and earn a lot, therefore the hospital management should have an excellent operating room scheduling. This paper aimed to establish efficiency of operating room scheduling by minimizing patient waiting time, considering that it belongs to one of indicators for operating room efficiency. Cluster analysis applied to categorize all of the surgery activities according to data of surgical durations and types of surgery. All of the resulting clusters were plotted in order to determine the scheduling priority. The priority was determined by referring to the lowest scores of standard deviation of surgical activity duration. The results indicate that the determination of scheduling priority using cluster analysis enhanced operating room performance by decreasing the patient waiting time of 39.34%.Operating room is one of sectors in a hospital which exerts a great impact on the hospital. This kind of facility may both cost a lot and earn a lot, therefore the hospital management should have an excellent operating room scheduling. This paper aimed to establish efficiency of operating room scheduling by minimizing patient waiting time, considering that it belongs to one of indicators for operating room efficiency. Cluster analysis applied to categorize all of the surgery activities according to data of surgical durations and types of surgery. All of the resulting clusters were plotted in order to determine the scheduling priority. The priority was determined by referring to the lowest scores of standard deviation of surgical activity duration. The results indicate that the determination of scheduling priority using cluster analysis enhanced operating room performance by decreasing the patient waiting time of 39.34%.

In this paper, a grey prediction model is used to predict the carbon emission in Hebei province, and the impact analysis model based on TermCo2 is established. At the same time, we read a lot about CGE and study on how to build the scene, the selection of key parameters, and sensitivity analysis of application scenarios do industry for reference.In this paper, a grey prediction model is used to predict the carbon emission in Hebei province, and the impact analysis model based on TermCo2 is established. At the same time, we read a lot about CGE and study on how to build the scene, the selection of key parameters, and sensitivity analysis of application scenarios do industry for reference.

The aim of the paper is to summarize and review methods for modeling and estimating time-varying quantiles and to make several notes on their properties. The paper is focused on conditional autoregressive value-at-risk via regression quantiles (CAViaR) models, models based on signal extraction and state space algorithm. Several notes are made on changing copula models for dynamic distributions and models based on kernel. A simple local linear trend model and a simple CAViaR model are estimated for illustration purposes and some related practical issues are highlighted.

To enhance the security in optical image encryption system and to protect it from the attackers, this paper proposes new digital spiral phase mask based on Fresnel Transform. In this cryptosystem the Spiral Phase Mask (SPM) used is a hybrid of Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) and Radial Hilbert Mask (RHM) which makes the key strong and enhances the security. The different keys used for encryption and decryption purposed make the system much more secure. Proposed scheme uses various structured phase mask which increases the key space also it increases the number of parameters which makes it difficult for the attackers to exactly find the key to recover the original image. We have also used different keys for encryption and decryption purpose to make the system much more secure. The strength of the proposed cryptosystem has been analyzed by simulating on MATLAB 7.9.0(R2008a). Mean Square Errors (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) are calculated for the proposed algorithm. The experimental results are provided to highlight the effectiveness and sustainability of proposed cryptosystem and to prove that the cryptosystem is secure for usage.To enhance the security in optical image encryption system and to protect it from the attackers, this paper proposes new digital spiral phase mask based on Fresnel Transform. In this cryptosystem the Spiral Phase Mask (SPM) used is a hybrid of Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) and Radial Hilbert Mask (RHM) which makes the key strong and enhances the security. The different keys used for encryption and decryption purposed make the system much more secure. Proposed scheme uses various structured phase mask which increases the key space also it increases the number of parameters which makes it difficult for the attackers to exactly find the key to recover the original image. We have also used different keys for encryption and decryption purpose to make the system much more secure. The strength of the proposed cryptosystem has been analyzed by simulating on MATLAB 7.9.0(R2008a). Mean Square Errors (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) are calculated for the proposed algorithm. The experimental results are provid...

Fuzzy topological topographic mapping (FTTM) is developed to solve neuro magnetic inverse problem. Due to its special characteristics, namely the homeomorphism between its components, new elements can be generated using components of different version. The generated element can be depicted as a graph. A graph of pseudo degree zero is generated by FTTM with isolated component. The amount of data generated is categorized as a big data since the number of FTTM raise exponentially as the number of components rises. In this paper a sequential algorithm in generating FTTM of pseudo degree zero is presented. The results show the runtime of the algorithm also rises exponentially as the number of components increase. A GPU-CPU parallel algorithm is proposed to cut the runtime. This algorithm succeeded in increasing the speed up to 363% for data with large number of components but decrease the speed for data with low number of components. This slowdown is due to the communication time between the CPU and GPU.Fuzzy topological topographic mapping (FTTM) is developed to solve neuro magnetic inverse problem. Due to its special characteristics, namely the homeomorphism between its components, new elements can be generated using components of different version. The generated element can be depicted as a graph. A graph of pseudo degree zero is generated by FTTM with isolated component. The amount of data generated is categorized as a big data since the number of FTTM raise exponentially as the number of components rises. In this paper a sequential algorithm in generating FTTM of pseudo degree zero is presented. The results show the runtime of the algorithm also rises exponentially as the number of components increase. A GPU-CPU parallel algorithm is proposed to cut the runtime. This algorithm succeeded in increasing the speed up to 363% for data with large number of components but decrease the speed for data with low number of components. This slowdown is due to the communication time between the CPU and GPU.

The deterministic prediction of wind power, the probability prediction and the prediction of wind power ramp events are introduced in this paper. Deterministic prediction includes the prediction of statistical learning based on histor ical data and the prediction of physical models based on NWP data. Due to the great impact of wind power ramp events on the power system, this paper also introduces the prediction of wind power ramp events. At last, the evaluation indicators of all kinds of prediction are given. The prediction of wind power can be a good solution to the adverse effects of wind power on the power system due to the abrupt, intermittent and undulation of wind power.

This study presents a simulation based optimization study of a multi-tube trapezoidal cavity receiver of a Linear Fresnel Collector plant in Pretoria, South Africa. A comprehensive optimization study - an optical, thermal and economic optimization study - based on realistic simulations of these objective goals on an annual basis for such a plant is presented in this paper. This paper could be used as an applicable guideline for future researchers who work on the optimization of Concentrated Solar Power Plants.

The problems related to solid bodies impacting the water surface often result of difficult approach, but the possibility of monitoring the structural behavior in real time represents an important scientific challenge for damage and critical condition detection. The availability of sensing system technologies able to operate at very large sampling frequencies, with high resolution and very low noise, moves the issue to the development of modelling tools and processing codes that can manage signals. An enhanced method for real time structural health monitoring of cylindrical bodies has been presented by the authors in previous works. In this paper is tested the capability of the procedure to detect damage presence, extension and position with different sensing system dispositions.The problems related to solid bodies impacting the water surface often result of difficult approach, but the possibility of monitoring the structural behavior in real time represents an important scientific challenge for damage and critical condition detection. The availability of sensing system technologies able to operate at very large sampling frequencies, with high resolution and very low noise, moves the issue to the development of modelling tools and processing codes that can manage signals. An enhanced method for real time structural health monitoring of cylindrical bodies has been presented by the authors in previous works. In this paper is tested the capability of the procedure to detect damage presence, extension and position with different sensing system dispositions.

In this paper, the authors pointed out a study on the profitable combination of forming techniques. More in detail, the attention has been put on the combination of the single point incremental forming (SPIF) and, generally, speaking, of an additional process that can lead to a material thickening on the initial blank considering the local thinning which the sheets undergo at. Focalizing the attention of the research on the excessive thinning of parts made by SPIF, a hybrid approach can be thought as a viable solution to reduce the not homogeneous thickness distribution of the sheet. In fact, the basic idea is to work on a blank previously modified by a deformation step performed, for instance, by forming, additive or subtractive processes. To evaluate the effectiveness of this hybrid solution, a FE numerical model has been defined to analyze the thickness variation on tailored sheets incrementally formed optimizing the material distribution according to the shape to be manufactured. Simulations based on the explicit formulation have been set up for the model implementation. The mechanical properties of the sheet material have been taken in literature and a frustum of cone as benchmark profile has been considered for the performed analysis. The outcomes of numerical model have been evaluated in terms of both maximum thinning and final thickness distribution. The feasibility of the proposed approach will be deeply detailed in the paper.

This paper presents a computational method to extract optimum rectangular Regions of Interest (RoI) in images with an associated saliency map. Although saliency maps provide an individual relevance measure for each pixel, to find the sub-image (i.e., rectangular region) that contains the set of the most relevant pixels requires an optimisation procedure to define the boundaries of the best RoI. This is achieved by the method devised in the paper, by following an approach based on balancing the amount of relevant information that is included and excluded from the RoI. The results show that such method is capable of finding the most relevant rectangular RoI and thus to extract the optimum sub-images according to the relevance measure given by a generic saliency map. Since the method is not tied to any particular type of images, it finds application in quite different fields, such as salient object extraction and processing in industry and surveillance, image compression using attention modelling, biomedical imaging, etc.

This paper considers a multiserver loss system with servers-orbit interaction and feedbacks motivated from call centers. Incoming calls that are blocked upon arrival join an orbit from which they independently retry after some random time. In addition, idle servers make outgoing calls to the customers either in the orbit or outside. We assume that incoming calls, outgoing calls from the orbit and outgoing calls from outside follow three distinct exponential distributions. Using a Lyapunov function approach, we derive the necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of the system.This paper considers a multiserver loss system with servers-orbit interaction and feedbacks motivated from call centers. Incoming calls that are blocked upon arrival join an orbit from which they independently retry after some random time. In addition, idle servers make outgoing calls to the customers either in the orbit or outside. We assume that incoming calls, outgoing calls from the orbit and outgoing calls from outside follow three distinct exponential distributions. Using a Lyapunov function approach, we derive the necessary and sufficient condition for the stability of the system.

This paper presents an approach for lifelong learning in the field of Bulgarian cultural and historical heritage supported by an intelligent software assistant known as Tourist Guide. The Tourist Guide operates in the e-learning environment called Virtual Education Space that is implemented as an Internet of Things ecosystem. The guide provides various possibilities of students to involve in lifelong learning education especially in informal education. Furthermore, the paper presents the architecture of the Tourist guide and its components in detail.

Since the commercial usage of compact combustion engines, eccentric shafts have been used to transform translational into rotational motion. Over the years, several processes to manufacture these eccentric shafts or crankshafts have been developed. Especially for single-cylinder engines manufactured in small quantities, built crankshafts disclose advantages regarding tooling costs and performance. Those manufacturing processes do have one thing in common: They are all executed at elevated temperatures to enable the material to be formed to high forming degree. In this paper, a newly developed cold forging process is presented, which combines lateral extrusion and shifting for manufacturing a crank in one forming operation at room temperature. In comparison to the established upsetting and shifting methods to manufacture such components, the tool cavity or crank web thickness remains constant. Therefore, the developed new process presented in this paper consists of a combination of shifting and extrusion of the billet, which allows pushing material into the forming zone during shifting. In order to reduce the tensile stresses induced by the shifting process, compressive stresses are superimposed. It is expected that the process limits will be expanded regarding the horizontal displacement and form filling. In the following report, the simulation and design of the tooling concept are presented. Experiments were conducted and compared with corresponding simulation results afterwards.

This paper demonstrates cloud service based monitoring system for hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) by implementation of Internet of Things platform (IoT). Here, the solar panel and biogas plant is used as primary energy source for monitoring the parameters such as voltage, temperature etc. The wireless connectivity to sensor nodes is achieved for above mentioned distributed energy generation sources by using low power Zig-bee protocol (IEEE 802.15.4 based). A hybrid energy system, consists of two or more renewable energy sources used together to generate the power. These systems are helpful to the remote area as source of electricity in this area is unavailable. As the conventional energy sources such as oil, gas and coal depleting day by day. Fossils fuels are major source of conventional energy sources. Their use leads to increased emission of greenhouse gases and other environmental damage. So it is essential to use nonconventional energy sources such as solar, wind and biogas which are environment friendly. There is growing interest in renewable energy around the world. Since most renewable sources are intermittent in nature, it is a challenging task to integrate renewable energy resources into the power grid infrastructure. They also have known as potential sources of alternative energy. The developed wireless monitoring system collects information of generated power from hybrid energy sources from different locations. The physical location of energy sources are different so, every source is equipped with wireless node and it will communicate with the master node and send data to the network. The proposed system provides a low-cost and reliable performance monitoring system for HRES. “ThingSpeak” is an open source IoT application that lets you collect and store sensor data in the cloud. This application analyzes and visualizes the sensors data. This paper presents a new framework based on cloud service, which provides more efficient service for the user with make full use of cloud platform computing ability, storage ability and the ability of information service.

The accelerated development of new technology, particularly on mobile application has increased teacher’s responsibility as a learning facilitator. Since technology is improving, many applications keep on coming into the market to fulfill user demands. Mobile learning application is very useful in enriching the mobile learning experience of children. However, some applications fail to assist and increase children knowledge on the subject they studied. Moreover, some children are not interested in mobile applications due to issues such as poor interfaces. In this paper, some previous studies on quality attributes used to evaluate mobile learning applications were reviewed. A systematic literature review approach was employed to search previous papers and studies on usability quality attributes, particularly for mobile learning applications. The search strategy identified numerous studies on usability for mobile learning applications for children. The result showed that the top four usability quality attributes are efficiency, effectiveness; learnability and user satisfaction. The studies reviewed showed that usability evaluations were conducted during implementation phase only, and evaluation is often built as a description of the case study. This study explored the current literatures on the subject matter and stimulates further studies that will lead to improved usability and design of mobile learning applications for children.

In 15th century, two renowned mathematicians, Ghiyāth al-Dīn Jamshīd Mas’ūd al-Kāshī (also known as Jamshīd Kāshānī; d. 1429) and his patron, Mīrzā Muhammad Tāraghay bin Shāhrukh (well known as Ulugh Beg; d. 1449) were able to calculate the sine and chord of one-third of an angle. With this, they successfully computed sine 1° to 17 correct decimal digits (ten correct sexagesimal places) by the invention of ingenious converging iteration algorithm. The iteration algorithm suggested by Al-Kāshī one can consider as pioneering dynamical system and Al-Kāshī himself can be considered as the initiator, pioneer of the theory of dynamical systems. In this paper we revise Al-Kāshī’s work on this computation of sine 1° using modern theory of dynamical systems. The main reference for this computation will be based on A Study of Risāla al-Watar wa’l Jaib (“The Treatise on the Chord and Sine”), written by Mohammad K. Azarian. In the end, we discuss the significance of this revision in the Islamic point of view.In 15th century, two renowned mathematicians, Ghiyāth al-Dīn Jamshīd Mas’ūd al-Kāshī (also known as Jamshīd Kāshānī; d. 1429) and his patron, Mīrzā Muhammad Tāraghay bin Shāhrukh (well known as Ulugh Beg; d. 1449) were able to calculate the sine and chord of one-third of an angle. With this, they successfully computed sine 1° to 17 correct decimal digits (ten correct sexagesimal places) by the invention of ingenious converging iteration algorithm. The iteration algorithm suggested by Al-Kāshī one can consider as pioneering dynamical system and Al-Kāshī himself can be considered as the initiator, pioneer of the theory of dynamical systems. In this paper we revise Al-Kāshī’s work on this computation of sine 1° using modern theory of dynamical systems. The main reference for this computation will be based on A Study of Risāla al-Watar wa’l Jaib (“The Treatise on the Chord and Sine”), written by Mohammad K. Azarian. In the end, we discuss the significance of this revision in the Islamic point of view.

Of late, lean manufacturing principles are integrated with tools and techniques that belong to other areas of knowledge such as risk management. Lean principles and risk management, when used in tandem with one another, give more benefit to the user, as proven in many studies. In this paper, a review of works on the integration of lean manufacturing and risk management is given. It is observed that there is a strong relationship between lean manufacturing and risk management as they both have a common goal of eliminating and reducing waste. This paper also presents a conceptual model that integrates the two. The components of the model include value stream mapping (VSM) and Monte Carlo simulation. Although the model has not been tested yet, it is anticipated that it will bring more advantage because it takes into account the variability of the process, which is acquired using probability distribution. This is quite a milestone because one of the challenges of VSM is that it is a static tool, and as such, process variability cannot be captured appropriately. This new model is expected to overcome this challenge.Of late, lean manufacturing principles are integrated with tools and techniques that belong to other areas of knowledge such as risk management. Lean principles and risk management, when used in tandem with one another, give more benefit to the user, as proven in many studies. In this paper, a review of works on the integration of lean manufacturing and risk management is given. It is observed that there is a strong relationship between lean manufacturing and risk management as they both have a common goal of eliminating and reducing waste. This paper also presents a conceptual model that integrates the two. The components of the model include value stream mapping (VSM) and Monte Carlo simulation. Although the model has not been tested yet, it is anticipated that it will bring more advantage because it takes into account the variability of the process, which is acquired using probability distribution. This is quite a milestone because one of the challenges of VSM is that it is a static tool, and as such, ...

This paper is devoted to a numerical approach of the biomechanics behavior modeling of a dental implant supported prothesis made up of three elements, and the surrounding bone under the masticatory forces loading. A clinical situation involving both biological (the bone tissue) and non-biological (the three elements of implant prosthesis) materials is simulated. This problem involves fine technical structure details – the threads, tapers, etc with a great impact in masticatory force transmission. Modeling the contact between the implant and the bone tissue is important to a proper bone-implant interface model and implant design. A three-dimensional numerical model is proposed in order to calculate the state of stress and displacement of this complex structure in order to evaluate its stability by determining the risk zones of stress concentration. The results of numerical modeling are in good agreement with other numerical results and clinical casesA comparison between this numerical analysis and clinical cases is performed and a good agreement is obtained.This paper is devoted to a numerical approach of the biomechanics behavior modeling of a dental implant supported prothesis made up of three elements, and the surrounding bone under the masticatory forces loading. A clinical situation involving both biological (the bone tissue) and non-biological (the three elements of implant prosthesis) materials is simulated. This problem involves fine technical structure details – the threads, tapers, etc with a great impact in masticatory force transmission. Modeling the contact between the implant and the bone tissue is important to a proper bone-implant interface model and implant design. A three-dimensional numerical model is proposed in order to calculate the state of stress and displacement of this complex structure in order to evaluate its stability by determining the risk zones of stress concentration. The results of numerical modeling are in good agreement with other numerical results and clinical casesA comparison between this numerical analysis and clinical...

The paper deals with analysis and selection of parameters of rapid prototyping of gears by selective sintering of metal powders. Presented results show wide spectrum of application of RP systems in manufacturing processes of machine elements, basing on analysis of market in term of application of additive manufacturing technology in different sectors of industry. Considerable growth of these methods over the past years can be observed. The characteristic errors of printed model with respect to ideal one for each technique were pointed out. Special attention was paid to the method of preparation of numerical data CAD/STL/RP. Moreover the analysis of manufacturing processes of gear type elements was presented. The tested gears were modeled with different allowances for final machining and made by DMLS. Metallographic analysis and strength tests on prepared specimens were performed. The above mentioned analysis and tests were used to compare the real properties of material with the nominal ones. To improve the quality of surface after sintering the gears were subjected to final machining. The analysis of geometry of gears after hybrid manufacturing method was performed (fig.1). The manufacturing process was defined in a traditional way as well as with the aid of modern manufacturing techniques. Methodology and obtained results can be used for other machine elements than gears and constitutes the general theory of production processes in rapid prototyping methods as well as in designing and implementation of production.The paper deals with analysis and selection of parameters of rapid prototyping of gears by selective sintering of metal powders. Presented results show wide spectrum of application of RP systems in manufacturing processes of machine elements, basing on analysis of market in term of application of additive manufacturing technology in different sectors of industry. Considerable growth of these methods over the past years can be observed. The characteristic errors of printed model with respect to ideal one for each technique were pointed out. Special attention was paid to the method of preparation of numerical data CAD/STL/RP. Moreover the analysis of manufacturing processes of gear type elements was presented. The tested gears were modeled with different allowances for final machining and made by DMLS. Metallographic analysis and strength tests on prepared specimens were performed. The above mentioned analysis and tests were used to compare the real properties of material with the nominal ones. To improve t...

This paper mainly talks about the working way of smart home terminal controller and the design of hardware and software. Controlling the lights and by simulating the lamp and the test of the curtain, destroy the light of lamp ON-OFF and the curtain’s UP-DOWN by simulating the lamp and the test of the cuetain. Through the sensor collects the ambient information and sends to the network, such as light, temperature and humidity. Besides, it can realise the control of intelligent home control by PCS. Terminal controller of intelligent home which is based on ZiBee technology has into the intelligent home system, it provides people with convenient, safe and intelligent household experience.This paper mainly talks about the working way of smart home terminal controller and the design of hardware and software. Controlling the lights and by simulating the lamp and the test of the curtain, destroy the light of lamp ON-OFF and the curtain’s UP-DOWN by simulating the lamp and the test of the cuetain. Through the sensor collects the ambient information and sends to the network, such as light, temperature and humidity. Besides, it can realise the control of intelligent home control by PCS. Terminal controller of intelligent home which is based on ZiBee technology has into the intelligent home system, it provides people with convenient, safe and intelligent household experience.

Topology optimization of structures under a design-dependent self-weight load is investigated in this paper. The problem deserves attention because of its significant importance in the engineering practice, especially nowadays as topology optimization is more often applied when designing large engineering structures, for example, bridges or carrying systems of tall buildings. It is worth noting that well-known approaches of topology optimization which have been successfully applied to structures under fixed loads cannot be directly adapted to the case of design-dependent loads, so that topology generation can be a challenge also for numerical algorithms. The paper presents the application of a simple but efficient non-gradient method to topology optimization of elastic structures under self-weight loading. The algorithm is based on the Cellular Automata concept, the application of which can produce effective solutions with low computational cost.

The paper deals with the one-time pad symmetric secure algorithm, called OSA. The method involves a double-memory technique in order to improve the security aspects. In particular, the paper proposes a key-stream generator for the OSA algorithm. Furthermore, security analysis and the results of the experimental verification of OSA are presented. The conducted investigations were focused on a security analysis of the proposed key-stream generator.

Growing energy consumption leads to discovery of new technology to accommodate global energy demand. Stirling Engine is one of the traditional engine which can harvest solar energy with minimal modification on the configuration. This paper covers literature review on Solar Powered Stirling Engine technology. The development of traditional Stirling Engine will be discussed on earlier part. The second part covers the integration of solar power with Stirling Engine and application of this combined system in industry. There were many researches and studies carried out previously on the development and application of traditional Stirling Engine and solar powered Stirling Engine. This paper is focus on optimization of performance of Solar Powered Stirling which will provide comprehensive details on the factor needed to be optimized in order to develop all rounded Solar Stirling Engine for future studies.

This paper introduces the research status of the reliability index of active distribution network, summarizes the characteristics of analytical method and simulation method in the reliability calculation method of traditional distribution network, and the current reliability calculation method of active distribution network, and puts forward the existing problems The Distributed power access can improve the quality of power supply, but also bring some problems. It points out that the access location, access capacity, different types of access and the operation mode of the distributed power supply affect the active distribution network, and provides the foundation for the optimization of the reliability of the active distribution network, and it indicates the direction of future research.This paper introduces the research status of the reliability index of active distribution network, summarizes the characteristics of analytical method and simulation method in the reliability calculation method of traditional distribution network, and the current reliability calculation method of active distribution network, and puts forward the existing problems The Distributed power access can improve the quality of power supply, but also bring some problems. It points out that the access location, access capacity, different types of access and the operation mode of the distributed power supply affect the active distribution network, and provides the foundation for the optimization of the reliability of the active distribution network, and it indicates the direction of future research.

Application of immersive Virtual Reality (VR) system has been proven to be practical and effective in offering the sense of presence and engagement for users to explore inside a virtual environment (VE) creation. However, numerous user experience problems still occur within the application design and development phase. An attempt to categorized the issues from presented studies by the researchers within the scope of papers between years of 2007 to 2017. There is no empirical evaluation conducted in this reviewing process but the aim is to bridge the gap between user experience and application system through understanding and learning from the challenges in the system itself. This can promote a more highly acceptance level of this complex technology among the users. This paper also proposes the future research directions and predicts the development trends of VR system.

The paper deals with the challenges of the machinery vibroacoustic signal modeling. The purpose of this paper is to form a phenomenological model for the structure of vibroacoustic oscillations and signals appeared in case of malfunctions and defects. It presents particular structural models for vibroacoustic signals of some reciprocating machine malfunctions. Mathematical description of the vibroacoustic signal reveals the informative parameters of the malfunction diagnostic signs. The model enables us to define in detail the informative vibroacoustic signal parameters. The model also allows us to select the diagnostic signs of the given malfunctions and defects in certain machine parts and components. At the same time, it is considered that the signal is received in certain points on the machine taking into account the excitation sources, conditioning channel and propagation of the vibroacoustic oscillations. The model has been constructed considering the presence and interaction of the three main sources of excitation of the asset vibroacoustic oscillations, which are identified by the types of excited oscillations. It is assumed that there are damped natural, undamped induced, random broadband and narrowband vibrations. The parameters of the vibroacoustic signal structural model also take into account the properties of converting the vibroacoustic oscillation to the vibroacoustic signal by means of a piezoelectric sensor. The model shows that the vibroacoustic signal has not only the components from each source, but their mutually modulated components. We developed partial models for mechanisms of structuring the vibroacoustic signal appeared in case of malfunctions and defects in rotating parts and couplings, machine shaft and drive shaft misalignment, increased clearances and other defects and failures of the rotating and reciprocating parts and components. The proposed phenomenological structural models of the vibroacoustic signals appeared in case of malfunctions of reciprocating machines show that for the diagnostic purposes it is necessary to analyze vibroacoustic signals either in the time domain according to the cyclogram of the reciprocating machine operation or in the envelope spectrum at characteristic frequencies or the noise component. In the event of defects and malfunctions in the centrifugal rotating parts and components, there are excited the vibroacoustic signals, which are advisable to analyze in the direct spectrum or in the spectrum of the noise component envelope. The proposed models enable us to select and form scientifically grounded systems of the machine failure diagnostic signs.

Each university has different regulations in making lecture schedule according to the conditions of respective institution. In this study, regulation on lecture scheduling used the maximum limit of credits of lecturer in a day, in which if exceeds the maximum limit, then the schedule of course will be moved on another day. This study attempts to optimize the schedule preparation in each semester by considering the maximum limit of credits of a lecturer in a day. Lecture scheduling is a combination of space, time, and resources. It is categorized into combinatorial optimization group. There are two methods for solving the combinatorial optimization problems, i.e. exact and approximation method. The approximation method consists of two types, heuristics and metaheuristics. The algorithm metaheuristics categories include genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), ant colony optimization (ACO), bee colony optimization (BCO), simulated annealing, and so on. This paper employed metaheuristics approach. Research on the preparation of lecture scheduling using ACO algorithm has been conducted and proven to be able to prepare the lecture scheduling. The ACO algorithm has numbers of parameters that in solving issues, one must manually set a number of parameters by using the Design of Experiments (DoE) tool, which takes time to solve the optimization problem. Hence, to solve the issue, an automated parameter optimization is required. PSO algorithm has fewer parameters compared to the ACO. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is a hybrid between PSO and ACO in preparing lecture scheduling.

This paper is referred to the various types of a special case of hypergroup, in the sense of Marty’s definition, which were introduced by J. Mittas and were named by him polysymmetrical. Many authors wrote a lot of papers on the study of this structure. A brief review of the above types is presented here with some important remarks.

Prediction of ship hydrodynamic derivatives is essential to evaluate ship’s maneuvering capabilities. In this paper, static drift simulation results are shown for a very large crude carrier ship model, KVLCC2. For simulation, a RaNS based solver, SHIP_Motion, was used. The solver solves overset structured mesh using finite volume method. The simulation results were compared with experimental data. Next, linear hydrodynamic derivatives were predicted from simulation results and compared with experimental ones. The results show good agreement with experimental data and the paper concludes that the solver, SHIP_ Motion, is well capable to estimate hydrodynamic derivatives maintaining reasonable accuracy and economics.

The upper limb exoskeleton presented in this paper is a device that enables the operator to control machines with force feedback. This is only feasible if the operator does not feel the weight of the device. The operator should only feel the resistance coming from the controlled device i.e. loading crane. The exoskeleton’s control system should generate the motion of the exoskeleton so that the device follows the movement of the operator’s upper limb. The paper presents the method of connection of master and slave control systems in bilateral teleoperation. The developed control algorithm allows for implementation of two control methods: position control method and torque control method, obtaining the possibility of hybrid positional-force control. The torque value control algorithm can be used to maintain the exoskeleton’s force of interaction with the operator at a given level. Maintaining the torque at before set level enables the implementation of force feedback while controlling the position of the slave device. Experimental tests of the described control system were carried out on the exoskeleton’s joint responsible for the movement of the operator’s elbow joint.

In the paper a kind of meshless discretization technique, called the Kansa method, is investigated in the context of problems with multiple boundary conditions. This numerical method uses interpolant composed of radial basis functions as well as collocation technique to discretize differential equations. To overcome the problem that appears for equations with multiple boundary conditions, where more equations should be associated with a boundary node than degrees of freedom that exist at this node, an extension of the method is proposed. The key idea lies in the modification of the interpolant with the use of Hermite formulation. The details of the approach are shown in the paper. Moreover, the special attention is paid to estimate respective value of the shape parameter included in radial functions to ensure stability of the solution process and high accuracy. To illustrate usefulness, accuracy and convergence of the method, it is employed to solve a test problem of the bending Kirchhoff plate.

This paper presents novel ideas in numerical design of mixing elements in single-screw extruders. The actual design process is reformulated as a shape optimization problem, given some functional, but possibly inefficient initial design. Thereby automatic optimization can be incorporated and the design process is advanced, beyond the simulation-supported, but still experience-based approach. This paper proposes concepts to extend a method which has been developed and validated for die design to the design of mixing-elements. For simplicity, it focuses on single-phase flows only. The developed method conducts forward-simulations to predict the quasi-steady melt behavior in the relevant part of the extruder. The result of each simulation is used in a black-box optimization procedure based on an efficient low-order parameterization of the geometry. To minimize user interaction, an objective function is formulated that quantifies the products’ quality based on the forward simulation. This paper covers two aspects: (1) It reviews the set-up of the optimization framework as discussed in [1], and (2) it details the necessary extensions for the optimization of mixing elements in single-screw extruders. It concludes with a presentation of first advances in the unsteady flow simulation of a metering and mixing section with the SSMUM [2] using the Carreau material model.

This paper presents a ZigBee-based security network with smart motion detection and dynamic mapping. The security system has four main components: a Graphical User Interface (GUI), a Coordinator, Routers and an End Device. The End Device is a motion-detecting module that is attached to the object being protected. The Routers are responsible for locating the End Device. The Coordinator initiates the network and is interfaced with the GUI. The GUI showed the real-time location of the End Device. In this paper, the calibration of the 6DOF motion sensor was done in order for the End Device to be not too sensitive to accidental bumps and other small movements to avoid false alarms. In doing this, the researchers calculated the percentage of the number of trials the alarm had triggered to the total number of trials in each of the movement categories. The researchers obtained a sensitivity of 0.56% to translational movements, 32.78% to rotational movements and 74.44% to lifting movements. ZigBee coverage testing was also performed to avoid large signal overlapping of Routers. It was found that the system had a ratio of one Router per room coverage with 0% signal overlap. Finally, the GUI proved to have a reliability of 100%. This meant that the GUI can locate the end device at all times.

The paper deals with advanced control techniques for helicopters. The first section presents a brief description of the helicopter control problem, explaining the necessity for automatic flight control systems in order to fly higher degree of difficulty missions such as instrument flight, night flight, etc. Since the helicopter is a multivariable (MIMO) dynamic system, specific multivariable control methods must be employed in order to accomplish the stability and the maneuverability specifications. The main contribution of the paper consists in a design methodology based on the minimization of the H∞ norm of the mapping from command signals and external perturbations to the tracking errors and controls. This design methodology is illustrated by case studies emphasizing its advantages with respect to the classical control laws integrated in helicopters automatic flight control systems.

As the rapid development of multimedia networking, more and more songs are issued through the Internet and stored in large digital music libraries. However, music information retrieval on these libraries can be really hard, and the recognition of musical emotion is especially challenging. In this paper, we report a strategy to recognize the emotion contained in songs by classifying their spectrograms, which contain both the time and frequency information, with a convolutional neural network (CNN). The experiments conducted on the l000-song dataset indicate that the proposed model outperforms traditional machine learning method.As the rapid development of multimedia networking, more and more songs are issued through the Internet and stored in large digital music libraries. However, music information retrieval on these libraries can be really hard, and the recognition of musical emotion is especially challenging. In this paper, we report a strategy to recognize the emotion contained in songs by classifying their spectrograms, which contain both the time and frequency information, with a convolutional neural network (CNN). The experiments conducted on the l000-song dataset indicate that the proposed model outperforms traditional machine learning method.

In the study of depression, attempts to elucidate using mathematical models are not commonly performed. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce the construction of a new mathematical model for depression. We regard this study as a new method in the study on depression. Furthermore, in this paper, after constructing a mathematical model, numerical simulation is carried out, the time development of depression is visualized, and the purpose is also to capture the pathology.

The focus of this paper is the enrichment of solution obtained using finite element method. In Finite Element Method (FEM), results can be improved with the use of two refinement techniques: h-refinement and p-refinement. In h-refinement, number of elements to represent the analytical model is improvised while in p-refinement the degree of the basis functions for the interpolation of field variable and geometry is elevated. In both the cases, entire analysis has to be carried out after changing either mesh or order of interpolation. This process results in increased computational time. Furthermore the earlier results are of no consideration. The proposed methodology involves utilizing the existing results and enriching them through interpolation function. There is no need to carry out the analysis again. To demonstrate the proposed method it is applied to three cases, where it proved to obtain near exact results.The focus of this paper is the enrichment of solution obtained using finite element method. In Finite Element Method (FEM), results can be improved with the use of two refinement techniques: h-refinement and p-refinement. In h-refinement, number of elements to represent the analytical model is improvised while in p-refinement the degree of the basis functions for the interpolation of field variable and geometry is elevated. In both the cases, entire analysis has to be carried out after changing either mesh or order of interpolation. This process results in increased computational time. Furthermore the earlier results are of no consideration. The proposed methodology involves utilizing the existing results and enriching them through interpolation function. There is no need to carry out the analysis again. To demonstrate the proposed method it is applied to three cases, where it proved to obtain near exact results.

The shearing process such as the blanking of sheet metals has been used often to prepare workpieces for subsequent forming operations. The use of FEM simulation is increasing for investigation and optimizing the blanking process. In the current literature a blanking FEM simulations for the limited capability and large computational cost of the three dimensional (3D) analysis has been largely limited to two dimensional (2D) plane axis-symmetry problems. However, a significant progress in modelling which takes into account the influence of real material (e.g. microstructure of the material), physical and technological conditions can be obtained by using 3D numerical analysis methods in this area. The objective of this paper is to present 3D finite element analysis of the ductile fracture, strain distribution and stress in blanking process with the assumption geometrical and physical nonlinearities. The physical, mathematical and computer model of the process are elaborated. Dynamic effects, mechanical coupling, constitutive damage law and contact friction are taken into account. The application in ANSYS/LS-DYNA program is elaborated. The effect of the main process parameter a blanking clearance on the deformation of 1018 steel and quality of the blank’s sheared edge is analyzed. The results of computer simulations can be used to forecasting quality of the final parts optimization.The shearing process such as the blanking of sheet metals has been used often to prepare workpieces for subsequent forming operations. The use of FEM simulation is increasing for investigation and optimizing the blanking process. In the current literature a blanking FEM simulations for the limited capability and large computational cost of the three dimensional (3D) analysis has been largely limited to two dimensional (2D) plane axis-symmetry problems. However, a significant progress in modelling which takes into account the influence of real material (e.g. microstructure of the material), physical and technological conditions can be obtained by using 3D numerical analysis methods in this area. The objective of this paper is to present 3D finite element analysis of the ductile fracture, strain distribution and stress in blanking process with the assumption geometrical and physical nonlinearities. The physical, mathematical and computer model of the process are elaborated. Dynamic effects, mechanical coupl...

Electric power substitution is an effective way to promote green economy and improve air pollution. In order to excavate the potential of electric energy in the region, this paper quantitatively analyzes both economic and environmental aspects. GM gray forecasting model and BP neural network model are combined with time-varying weights method to establish a combination forecasting model. The model overcomes the shortcomings of the single model and the low accuracy of the fixed-weight method. Through case studies, the potential of electrical energy to replace petroleum and natural gas is predicted. It is verified that the accuracy of the model is higher than that of any single model. Based on the prediction results, this paper proposes suggestions for the development of regional electric energy substitution, which has certain practical guiding significance.

Experience in the use of electric propulsion thrusters (EPT) on board a spacecraft revealed their advantages in comparison with the chemical-fuel engines, but along with this it revealed a number of peculiarities related to the electrodynamic effect on the onboard systems. The EPT self-emission influence on the interference immunity of onboard communication systems is discussed in the paper as one of the side effects, as well as the methods for contradicting results of such influence. Stationary plasma thrusters (SPT), emission characteristics of which are well known, are used for discussion as an example. The influence of SPT emission in the radio-frequency range on the interference-immunity characteristics of a typical radio receiving system is analyzed in the first part of the paper. The method of simulation modeling with the representation of mathematical models in the MATLAB/Simulink environment was chosen as an apparatus for the analysis. Application of non-linear methods for signal processing with the aim to increase interference immunity of communication systems of SC with EPT is considered in the second part of the paper. The compensation method of protection against SPT interference is discussed that is based on the adaptive extraction of characteristic components of the emission process within the temporal domain, their cutting out, and two-stage interpolation of the received signal complex envelope. It is shown that as a result of the developed algorithm use the power gain can be as high as 3 dB with the signal-to-extracted component ratio (SECR) of 10 dB, 7 dB with SECR of 5 dB, and over 12 dB with SECR of 0 dB, if compared to the case, when the means for suppressing interference from SPT are not used.

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In this paper, the Component Fusion Extend Kalman Filtering (CFEKF) algorithm is proposed. Assuming each component of error propagation are independent with Gaussian distribution. The CFEKF can be obtained through the maximum likelihood of propagation error, which can adjust the state transition matrix and the measured matrix adaptively. With minimize linearization error, CFEKF can an effectively improve the estimation accuracy of nonlinear system state. The computation of CFEKF is similar to EKF which is easy for application.In this paper, the Component Fusion Extend Kalman Filtering (CFEKF) algorithm is proposed. Assuming each component of error propagation are independent with Gaussian distribution. The CFEKF can be obtained through the maximum likelihood of propagation error, which can adjust the state transition matrix and the measured matrix adaptively. With minimize linearization error, CFEKF can an effectively improve the estimation accuracy of nonlinear system state. The computation of CFEKF is similar to EKF which is easy for application.

The high-load operation has a great influence on component reliability and distribution network reliability. The evaluation results of component failure rates obtained by traditional evaluation methods often differ greatly from the actual statistical results. Therefore, this paper divides the state of load into three states of light load, heavy load and overload, and establishes the failure rate-load model. The sequential Monte-Carlo simulation method is used to investigate the influence of load factors on the failure rate of components. The results show that the influence of overload condition on distribution network reliability is significant, and the average failure rate of components will increase significantly with the increase of overload condition time.The high-load operation has a great influence on component reliability and distribution network reliability. The evaluation results of component failure rates obtained by traditional evaluation methods often differ greatly from the actual statistical results. Therefore, this paper divides the state of load into three states of light load, heavy load and overload, and establishes the failure rate-load model. The sequential Monte-Carlo simulation method is used to investigate the influence of load factors on the failure rate of components. The results show that the influence of overload condition on distribution network reliability is significant, and the average failure rate of components will increase significantly with the increase of overload condition time.

In the paper a concept of the humanoid mobile robot dedicated to children hospitals was presented. Designed construction has two practical functions. It is a robotic assistant for medical staff and a companion for young patients. Before design had started, we identified the list of requirements and limitations of the project on the way of wide consultations with medical personnel in selected hospitals in Bialystok (Poland). In the paper we describe some of already existing similar projects. We presented our solution step by step starting from artistic and mechanical design through hardware and software architectures to control, sensors, diagnostic functions and interaction with patients and environment. In the last part of the paper we presented practical effects of our work. The robot was built and put into series of tests involving children interaction. After that, conclusions were drawn and design improvements were proposed. The paper described how the “Bobot – a friend indeed” was created.

With the increasing demand for home lifestyle, the traditional smart home products have been unable to meet the needs of users. Aim at the complex wiring, high cost and difficult operation problems of traditional smart home system, this paper designs a home gateway for smart home system based on Wi-Fi and ZigBee. This paper first gives a smart home system architecture base on cloud server, Wi-Fi and ZigBee. This architecture enables users to access the smart home system remotely from Internet through the cloud server or through Wi-Fi at home. It also offers the flexibility and low cost of ZigBee wireless networking for home equipment. This paper analyzes the functional requirements of the home gateway, and designs a modular hardware architecture based on the RT5350 wireless gateway module and the CC2530 ZigBee coordinator module. Also designs the software of the home gateway, including the gateway master program and the ZigBee coordinator program. Finally, the smart home system and home gateway are tested in two kinds of network environments, internal network and external network. The test results show that the designed home gateway can meet the requirements, support remote and local access, support multi-user, support information security technology, and can timely report equipment status information.