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The aim of this research was to manufacture composite panel that can be used as wall panel for earthquake resistantly building. First stage on wall panel production was done by preparing polypropylene plastic waste, coconut coir fiber, and waste sludge paper mill. The second stage was carried out by mixing polypropylene plastic waste with coconut coir fiber and sludge of paper mill waste. In this research, two mixing variations were carried out. First variation was done by mixing polypropylene plastic waste and coconut fiber in a ratio of 60:40 without adding sludge, while the other was done by mixing sludge, polypropylene plastic waste and coconut fiber with a ratio of 60:20:20. The mixing process was done using extruder and the drying process was done using hot press. Density, internal adhesion values, and thickness extension of resulted composite panels then was characterized. From two variations resulted wall panels were found that the wall panels with sludge addition has better density value of 0.9713 g/cm3 compare to composite panel without sludge addition where its density value of 1.093 g/cm3. In addition, the internal adhesive strength value of the wall panels without sludge addition of 0.59 N/mm2, whereas it improved to 0.61 N/mm2 on panel with sludge addition. Moreover, the thickness of the panel that was produced without sludge addition was 0.508 percent, while panel with sludge addition decreased to 0.104 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) performance of filter paper (FP) loaded with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) of three different size/shapes (spherical, triangular and star) were investigated. Spherical Au NPs were synthesized using femtosecond laser ablation of Au target in distilled water and other two anisotropic (triangular and star-shaped) Au NPs were prepared by colloidal chemical methods. COMSOL Multiphysics simulations were performed to investigate near field distributions of these Au NPs and as expected, the strongly enhanced near-field intensity at the sharp features was observed. The SERS performance [using the dye molecule Nile Blue (NB)] of star-shaped Au NPs loaded FP was superior compared to the triangle and spherical Au NPs loaded FP due to the presence of sharp tips and thus it was proved to be capable of detecting 10 pM NB concentration with an estimated enhancement factor of ∼3.7×1010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy transition from fossil energy to renewable energy (green energy) which is more environmentally friendly has been regarded as an utter necessity that requires policy. The study presented in this article is aimed at optimizing development of green energy in a situation of fluctuating fossil energy prices. The method used is a paper review and comparative quantitative-qualitative analysis, Strengths Opportunities Aspirations Result (SOAR) analysis on secondary data supported by empirical information in the energy industry. The paper on the topic of marketing strategy for the development of renewable energy using SWOT analysis was chosen as a comparison for the analysis of development through SOAR. Furthermore, the results of the comparison between SOAR and SWOT analysis are used as the basis for selecting alternative strategies. Exploration and exploitation of fossil energy requires a high investment, so optimizing fossil energy requires technology that is able to convert this energy into a more environmentally friendly, the management of fossil energy carried out five pillars, namely human resource development, application of new technology and information systems, processes, manufacturing, environmental protection, health and sustainability. Some examples of activities that have been carried out include the construction of solar-based power plants, micro hydro, and the development of bio gas. Greenovator programs that benefit the environment and society. The result of this review on the proposed alternative solutions for green energy development using and encourages a symbiosis between the governments - the community - the fossil energy industry - the green energy industry. As an alternative strategy towards optimizing the development of renewable energy, the use of fossil energy is still needed in the transition energy because the fossil energy industry can be in line with renewable energy development in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we report the facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via the green synthesis method using mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana L.) peels waste extract (MPE) as the bioreducing agent. The synthesized AgNPs were employed as the probe in the paper-based colorimetric detection of Pb2+. Initially, the MPE was prepared using a reflux system for a 3 h reaction, followed by mixing the AgNO3 precursor and the prepared MPE, then left undisturbed for a 6 h reaction until a dark brown solution of AgNPs was obtained. The AgNPs showed a strong visible absorbance peak at 415 nm that indicated the AgNPs were successfully formed, whereas there was no peak observed at 415 m for the MPE. Further investigation, the IR spectra revealed that the OH-groups of flavonoids derivative in the MPE have a main role in the AgNPs formation, while the XRD pattern confirmed the prepared AgNPs have face center cubic structure with the crystalline size of 11.38 nm as well as the SEM characterization showed a spherical to triangle morphology of AgNPs. The paper-based-colorimetric performance evaluation showed a wide linearity range from 8 ppb to 100 ppm with a limit of detection (LOD) less than 12.50 ppm and high selectivity toward Pb2+ instead of Zn2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ at 30 min reaction, indicating the green synthesized AgNPs have the potential for probe in colorimetric sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modification of the metal surface is one of the efforts used to increase the bonding strength to provide a good deposite for the hydroxyapatite layer. This study aimed to determine the effect of abrasive paper roughness and alkali heat treatment on 316L stainless steel for hydroxyapatite coating. The surface of the 316L stainless steel substrate was roughened using SIC paper 80, 400 and 1200 grit. Then soaked with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions for 24 hours at a temperature of 40 °C and then the substrate was sintered at a temperature of 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C with a holding time of 1 hour. The coating process is carried out using a dip coating method by immersing the substrate into the hydroxyapatite slurry and sintered at a temperature of 750 °C. The result of this study shows that sodium chromium oxyde (Na4CrO4) was successfully formed on the metal surface of 316L Stainless steel. The highest and lowest shear strength values were obtained on 80 grit samples with heat treatment temperatures of 700 °C and 600 °C, respectively 4.685 MPa and 0.465 MPa. The thickness of the hydroxyapatite (HA) layer on 316L stainless steel obtained was 51.68 µm; 58.28 µm; 73.63 µm and 70.13 µm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the event of a power transformer failure, the utility could experience an interruption in its power supply. Many factors, including winding deformations, insulation deterioration, transient and overloaded conditions, etc., can lead to this kind of failure. This research explores the relationship between polarisation and depolarization current (PDC) measured from the oil impregnated paper insulation of a high voltage (HV) power transformer to reveal data about the state of the insulation used in these devices. Paper insulation in a power transformer has been documented to age in a non-uniform fashion. Popular models that can model non-uniform ageing include the conventional Debye model (CDM). In the current study, we employed CDM to foresee the performance of oil-impregnated paper insulation. Further, dielectric loss tan and overall insulation conditions have been explored, with the largest magnitude of Z evaluated from the transfer function (TF) of the CDM model impacting most to the insulation condition and projected moisture present in the insulation paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widely use of petroleum-derived mineral oils for the production of offset printing inks has resulted in several environmental impacts. The suitable approach to develop alternative resources is palm oil fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) as a substitute for petroleum-based solvent. This study aimed to investigate the surface properties of palm oil-based offset ink on gloss-coated paper surfaces in terms of printability. The "green" varnishes were prepared with palm oil FAME as solvent, rosin-modified phenolic resin, and different vegetable oils linseed oil (FAME-LO) and soybean oil (FAME-SO) have been used as drying oils. The FAME-based Cyan offset printing inks have been prepared their properties compared with standard conventional inks. Printing tests were carried out using the IGT-A2 printability tester. Contact angles of water, methanol, and hexane on the surface of printed ink were measured using Contact Angle Analyzer. The surface free energy (SFE) and its components were calculated using Girifalco-Good-Fowkes-Young, Owens-Wendt, and van Oss-Chaudhury-Good methods. The results showed that as the liquid contact angle increased, the surface energy decreased. The surface energy of FAME-SO ink printed samples 36.36 mJ/m2 was higher than the unprinted paper 35.84 mJ/m2. Since high surface energy will affect the bond strength of the ink to the substrate, this will be an advantage for multicolor prints requiring good ink adhesion, which will enlarge the acceptance of other colors to be printed on the previous color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is about paper or journal review of two-phase flow boiling pressure drop in propane (R290) refrigeration system and summarized several researches that will useful in terms of HVAC-R equipment especially in heat exchanger i.e., evaporator design. Early researcher has been conducted research with respect to the channel dimension (diameter and aspect ratio) as in Coleman (2000). Recent research of flow boiling with combined parameters such as heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and pressure drop shown that some parameters affected pressure drop inside unconventional channel (mini and microchannel) such as superficial vapor velocity, mass quality, mass flux, heat flux, saturation temperature (and pressure), and Reynolds number where flow regime of the pressure drop are mostly annular flow, intermittent flow, slug and churn flow but less or few of them found a relation of channel dimension i.e. diameter and aspect ratio towards two-phase flow pressure drop (as in Coleman (2000)). It is recommended that for further study and research, study of two-phase flow boiling pressure drop must conduct in the unconventional channel such as minichannel or microchannel i.e., capillary tube and incorporate Reynolds number of the flow (both vapor and liquid), channel dimension (diameter and aspect ratio), surface tension, and shear stress influence from two-phase flow fluid and then plot the data to the recent and or existed flow pattern map of any flow regimes especially to the refrigerants ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A manufacturing system is a collection of equipment and human resources integrated to carry out the operation process into a quality finished product. With various activities in it making the production process one of the spearheads of creating a product in accordance with market needs, it is necessary to have a systematic, effective and efficient workflow to optimize the workstation at production time. PT XYZ manufactures carton boxes of various sizes. Cardboard paper as raw material is obtained from several other paper mill companies. PT XYZ has an imbalance of production efficiency which is a bottleneck (stacking) at the manual stitching workstation that is the carton box's union with the stapler. Based on the existing problems, this study aims to determine the process of producing carton boxes and identify workstations that experience bottlenecks. The estimate production demand and be careful to minimize congestion to optimize work efficiency at workstations in the production process and compare repair costs conducted. The data obtained will be predicted using quadratic forecasting to determine the shadow of future requests. The method used to minimize congestion and handle work efficiency at each workstation is Theory of Constraint (TOC). With the Theory of constraint method, the percentage of loads experiencing congestion is 105.89%. After the best choice is made by adding 1 operator to the connection process, the percentage of loads experiencing congestion is 70.59%. So, the bottleneck condition is solved, and production runs smoothly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several approaches have been proposed to help researchers in retrieving relevant and useful information from the cyber-ocean of information. However, the approaches assumed the academic content to be easily accessible, which is not always the case considering the copyright restrictions. Different from the existing works, we proposed a collaborative approach that leverages public contextual metadata to personalize scholarly recommendations. Our proposed approach has the ability to recommend research papers to the individual researchers regardless of the researcher expertise and research field. As demonstrated using a freely accessible dataset, our proposed approach have shown significant improvements over another baseline method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates the Electronic Medicine Compiler Box for the convenience of users or patients, especially for the elderly to take medicine according to the prescribed schedule. When several medications have to be taken at different times, mistakes often occur. This Electronic Medicine Organizer Box is developed using GSM and Arduino Uno modules where the buzzer will sound if the medicine has not been taken at the specified time and it will send a message to the mobile phone when the medicine has been taken. The Telegram bot is also developed to remind users about the cleanliness of the box. The function of this electronic box has been verified and it was found that it works as intended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete is a versatile composite material which due to its beneficial properties e.g., form ability, fast construction process, relatively high compressive strength available in short term, considerable long-term durability, etc. may find usage in many applications throughout different sectors. Dense composite matrix which is, on the one hand, responsible for good mechanical resistance can be, on the other hand, counterproductive in view of excessive dead loading of bearing structures and its high thermal conductivity. In this paper waste expanded polystyrene as a replacement of traditional dense aggregate in concrete production was used. Polymer-based alternative, in the fraction of 2.0/4.0 mm, was applied in amounts of 0-100 vol.%, and its effect on physical, strength and thermal-physical properties on 28 days aged concretes was monitored. Obtained data confirmed combined substantial lightening of produced composites accompanied with improvement of their thermal-insulation function. High dosages of lightweight aggregate in concrete mixes led to significant reduction of their mechanical resistance, however, at balanced portions of polymeric material structural grade concrete may be manufactured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic electroreduction of carbon dioxide represents a promising technology for the management of the energy sources and the abatement of CO2 emissions. For the industrial implementation of this process, it is required the development of a selective and stable nanostructured catalytic electrode. In this study, we evaluated the synthesis of nanostructured metallic electrodes produced by galvanostatic electrodeposition of copper onto a carbon paper support. The effects of deposition current density on morphology and catalytic properties of the electrodes were analyzed. The formation of copper nano and microstructure was observed on the external structure of the carbon paper support. Regarding the morphology, a correlation between applied current density and deposition structure was found. Electrodeposited electrodes showed a catalytic selectivity towards the production of carbon monoxide almost four times greater than copper foil electrodes. An inverse correlation between deposition current density and catalytic selectivity was observed. A decrease in the deposition current from -6 mA cm-2 to -2 mA cm−2 resulted in a doubling of the measured selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moodle-based Learning Management Systems have been widely used in learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially in Indonesia. In this regard, this study aims to identify and describe the implementation of the Whole Language Approach in improving the ability to write simple scientific papers for students at PGRI Yogyakarta University through the Moodle-based Learning Management System. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative with data in the form of descriptions of the results of research implementation supported by observations, interviews, theoretical studies, and relevant research. The results of this study indicate an increase in the ability to write student scientific papers in the experimental class after using the Whole Language Approach through Moodle-based LMS in learning to write. Several aspects that were assessed were structure, systematics, language use, content coherence, and references used. This increase is indicated by the test numbers before and after the use of the Whole Language Approach through the Moodle-based LMS with mean values of 6.5 to 8.8 in the experimental class, and 6.7 to 7.1 in.the control class. This shows that the use of the Whole Language Approach through Moodle-based LMS is proven to improve students' ability to write simple scientific papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five fuels were tested in a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine to see how they affected soot particle distribution and the engine's controlled and unregulated emission characteristics (M15, M25, and M35). The findings demonstrated that regulated emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate matter (PM) could be efficiently controlled to a very low level when mahua oil biodiesel (MOB) in diesel was utilized in conjunction with ideal engine working situations. Paper filters were employed to remove diesel dust. Entire particulate matter main particles were < 100 nm in width, with the average diameter for the biodiesel mixes falling among 20 and 26 nm. PM particles had uncontrolled emissions including Pb, Mn, and Ba, while M100 had 56.72% fewer xylene emissions, 22.49% fewer toluene emissions, and 19.45% fewer benzene emissions compared to M0. As a result, MOB is a wonderful option for reducing pollution from diesel engines and other sources, both in the form of controlled and unregulated emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neo vernacular is a modern architectural style inspired by traditional vernacular buildings. The concept of neo vernacular architecture is a continuance of the Klaten people's ancient identity as part of Javanese culture, particularly in Central Java. One technique to construct architectural works founded in the local culture is to look for values rooted in Javanese culture. This paper is the product of a final project whose goal is to develop a sustainable architectural identity in Klaten based on local wisdom, which will be applied to the "nadir" transit hotel. This transit hotel should be able to accomplish the goal and objective of a successful Klaten city with devoted, intelligent, autonomous, and cultural citizens. The location, 53 meters south of Klaten Station, is one type of development of supporting facilities for the commuter line scheme. This is one of the KAI activities at Klaten Station that attempts to make it easier for visitors to obtain long-term support. Folk architecture gives rise to vernacular architecture, which evolves from it. It arose from and was entrenched in the ethnic community's traditions, and skilled craftsmen built it with years of expertise. The gunungan and Klaten limasan house concept is an alternative that is integrated with contemporary design to create a transit hotel with a character that may reflect the city of Klaten's identity as an independent and cultured district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes an information system for filing and presenting graduate qualification papers of university students. It was developed using HTML5, PHP 7.2, MySQL 5.7, JQuery, AJAX, Yii2 and Materialize frameworks. The main qualities of the system on the part of student contribution were evaluated using a questionnaire method among 124 respondents who took part in it. This paper presents the results of the data analysis and specifies the tools used in designing a system for the university. It also describes the modules and algorithms of the information system operation: the management of the system users, the organization of control and checking of the works by the department staff. It shows a practical use of the system in the learning process in 2019-2021. Further development of the system is to develop a more automated system to monitor the work of the departments and to make up analyst queries for punctual data entry of graduate qualification works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste is produced in large quantities all around the world, causing serious environmental problems. Construction and demolition (C&D) trash accounts for a significant fraction of global solid waste production, with the majority of it ending up in landfills. Concrete engineers have truly recommended the possibility of precisely treating and reusing such waste as aggregates in fresh concrete, particularly for lower-level applications, according to their research. Papercrete is a sustainable building material since it uses less cement and makes extensive use of recycled paper. It provides a number of benefits in the manufacturing industry, including a reduced carbon footprint and recovered fabric. Poor embodied strength, low utilization, and so on. The concrete rubble collected from C&D waste is used as a fine aggregate in the manufacture of papercrete bricks in this study. As a result, both waste paper and C&D debris were used, reducing landfill disposal and promoting low-cost, light-weight, and environmentally friendly construction materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper sheets were produced from bleached kraft pulp, and office and newsprint waste paper. Nanoparticles from black alder bark, grey alder bark and pine bark as well as birch sawdust were obtained for using them as reinforcing fillers in paper. Non-extracted bark and that extracted in biorefinery were used. For producing nanoparticles, the materials were destructed using the thermocatalytic destruction method and then dispersed in water medium in a ball mill. At a sufficient concentration, gel-like dispersions were obtained, which contained nanoparticles with the size ∼300 nm. The dispersions were introduced in paper furnish in different amounts. It has been established that all the nanoparticle fillers increase the tensile index and burst index in dry and wet states. The nanoparticle fillers from extracted bark increase the mechanical indices to a higher extent. At 20% filler content, tensile index in a dry state increases in the case of non-extracted grey alder bark, black alder bark and pine bark by 28, 30 and 15%, and in the case of extracted ones - by 44, 40 and 30%, respectively; the burst index increases by 78, 19 and 4%, and 91, 25 and 14%, respectively. The nanoparticle filler from birch sawdust increases the tensile strength in a dry state by 9% and burst index by 20%. The obtained nanoparticle fillers slightly improve also the water resistance of paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CdSe quantum dot has great potential in various applications especially for emitting devices. One example potential application of CdSe quantum dot is security label for anti-counterfeiting. In this work, we present a practical approach of security label on paper using one and two colors of colloidal CdSe quantum dot, which is used as stamping ink on various types of paper. Under ambient condition, quantum dot is almost invisible. The quantum dot security label can be revealed by detecting emission of quantum dot using photoluminescence and cnc machine. The recorded quantum dot emission intensity is then analyzed using home-made program to reveal quantum dot pattern stamp having the word 'RAHASIA'. We found that security label using quantum dot works well on several types of paper. The quantum dot patterns can survive several days and further treatment is required to protect the quantum dot. Oxidation of quantum dot that occurred during this experiment reduced the emission intensity of quantum dot patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A paper battery is a 6 cm × 4 cm × 1 mm dimension battery that uses CuCl as a cathode, magnesium as an anode, and urine as an electrolyte. CuCl2 dan CuSO4 as used to synthesis CuCl was analyzed. A simple and cheap sandwiched fabrication model has been identified using the low-cost CuCl synthesis process. This paper battery has passed experimental testing and delivers the best power generation at 169,588 mW and continuously up to 4 hours. Voltage also measured and provided a stable voltage at least for 6 hours at 582.667 mV. Method 2 of using CuSO4, which has price lower than CuCl2 showed better power generation and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During recycling of waste paper from private households different fractions containing plastics and polluted paper fibers are received. Current research at the Institute of Polymer Materials and Plastics Engineering at Clausthal University of Technology showed that the use of waste paper as filler and reinforcement in polypropylene leads to nearly the same mechanical properties as natural fibers like flax, sisal and hemp. The present investigations focus on the chemical cleaning of the paper recyclate to treat the fiber surface and to solve foreign plastics like polystyrene. For this purpose Soxhlet extraction with different solvents is used. The received extracts are examined via infrared spectroscopy, as well as the treated and the untreated fibers. Afterwards, the cleaned paper is incorporated into polypropylene. The received composites are investigated regarding their mechanical properties by tensile testing and CHARPY impact testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The very high theoretical capacity of the silicon (4200mAh/g more than 10 times larger than graphite), environmental-friendly, abundant and low-cost, makes it a potential candidate to replace graphite in high energy density Li-ion batteries. As a drawback, silicon suffers from huge volume changes (300%) on alloying and dealloying with Li, leading a structural deformation that induces disruption. The use of nanostructured silicon materials has been shown to be an effective way to avoid this mechanical degradation of the active material. In this paper the synthesis of silicon nanowires, grown on a highly porous 3D-like carbon paper substrate by CVD using Cu as the catalyst, is presented. The use of carbon paper allows to achieve remarkable loadings of active material (2-5 mg/cm²) and, consequently, high capacity densities. The silicon electrode was investigated both morphologically and electrochemically. To improve the electrochemical performance various strategies have been carried out. It was observed that a very slow first cycle (C/40), which helps the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase on the silicon surface, improves the performance of the cells; nevertheless, their cycle life has been found not fully satisfactory. Morphological analysis of the Si-NWs electrodes before and after cycling showed the presence of a dense silicon layer below the nanowires which could reduce the electrical contact between the active material and the substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to high concentrations of organic matters and total solids, the effluent generated from recycled paper mill (RPME) requires appropriate treatment prior to discharge. The thermal condition of an anaerobic system has a major effect on the biodegradation processes of total solid substrates. In this study, the biodegradation of RPME was evaluated in a modified anaerobic inclining-baffled reactor (MAI-BR) under sub-mesophilic (29 °C), mesophilic (37 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) conditions. The concentration of VSS, TDS, TSS lignin and VSS/TSS ratio in MAI-BR’s compartments were studied. The results showed that Compartment 1 had TSS of 15682, 13305 and 12145 mg/L; particles size of 621, 559 and 500 µm; VSS of 9662, 1776 and 10923 mg/L; and TDS of 594, 730 and 1873 mg/L at sub-mesophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic conditions, respectively. An increase in the reactor temperature, an overall reduction in TSS and particles size, and an increase in VSS, VSS/TSS ratio, TDS, and lignin were observed. Under thermophilic conditions, the VSS/TSS ratio was higher than in mesophilic conditions, while lignin became harder to remove. These results conclude that operating the reactor at thermophilic has reduced the digested sludge within the system and enhanced the solid fraction biodegradation process of RPME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we develop the rapid diagnostic kit potentially applied as point-of-care testing for kidney disease (nephropathy) through detecting albumin in urine samples. For this purpose, gold-nanoparticle (AuNPs) in combination with anionic dyes of Bromocresol Purple (BCP) and Bromothymol Blue (BTB), which are immobilized onto distance-based microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (d-μPADs), are utilized as sensing reagents. In this device, two mechanisms operate for quantitative and semiquantitative detection of albumin using d-μPAD, which include (1) protein error of pH indicator by direct reaction of albumin with dyes and (2) full corona protein formation of AuNPs with albumin. These synergistic reaction mechanisms facilitate the sharp color change of dyes, easily detected by the naked eye. Some parameters affecting the sensitivity of the proposed method, such as dye concentration, pH, reagent volume ratio, reagent immobilization, and reaction time, are investigated in detail. Inexpensive, disposable, and easy to use without technical expertise for albumin detection are advantages of the proposed method. Additionally, the proposed method has a high precision (RSD: 1.08%) and accuracy (99.38-99.96%) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing field in India that can assist farmers in many ways is the identification of plant diseases. Plant disease reduces the mass production in agriculture. Every time due to heavy loss in agriculture, farmers face many challenges to raise up their needs. This study analyzes various diseases that affect various plants due to the following criteria like environmental condition, types of plant formed from Monocot and Dicot family, crop rotation and Ph value of the soil. The existing system analyzed the diseases based on one of the criteria. Although the strategy is to be followed to identify plant diseases at the early stage with various aspects so that the production in agriculture could be increased. The majority of machine learning algorithms already exist and may be improved upon to yield more accuracy. Xanthomonas wilt, Black and Yellow Sigatoka, Bunchy Top Virus, Black Sigatoka, Fusarium wilt, Cassava Bacterial Blight (CBB), Cassava Brown Steak Disease (CBSD), Cassava Green Mite (CGM), and Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD), Yellow vein mosaic virus, and Powdery Mildew are a few of the diseases of the plants grown on crop rotation which are the subject of study of this paper. Plant illnesses are classified according to disease in the many open-source datasets that are accessible. For deeper understanding, we have provided a list of references. Here, we've examined the approaches that are now in use for automatically detecting various diseases of plant leaves. We present an approach for accurately identifying early signs of plant diseases from a variety of perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) transforming the Insurance industry by improving efficiency, reducing costs, and providing a better customer experience. As these technologies continue to evolve, more innovation can be expected in the Insurance industry. A Bibliographic analysis is conducted for scientific mapping based on 1,084 SCOPUS-indexed publications between the year 2000-2022 using VOSviewer Application. The Analysis was conducted based on Publications by year, Source, Author, Affiliation, Country, Type, Subject Area and Funding Sponsors. The research found the result, the year 2022 had the highest publication of 203, through documents per year by the source of Lecture Notes In Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes In Artificial Intelligence And Lecture Notes In Bioinformatics at 43 publications, Bauder, R.A. author is the maximum contributor, Harvard Medical School has been the major affiliate, United States of America, has the maximum 341 publications, Conference paper has the majority participation at 412 documents at 38 percent and Keywords "Artificial intelligence", Machine Learning" and "Insurance" has the highest occurrence. The maximum number of publications inthe field of computer science at 28 percent. Overall, this bibliographic analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in AI and Machine Learning in the Insurance industry and highlights the potential for further innovation and development in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years a new type of pavement has gained popularity in the United Kingdom this type is called Semi flexible Pavements (SFP). It consists of porous asphalt with high air voids between (25-35) % and is filled with cementitious grout materials. SFP is a combination road surface that incorporates the effects of both porous asphalt and cement paste grout. In addition it has proven to function well in strongly loaded freeways and airport pavement. The primary goal of this research was to assess the performance and durability of SFP contained sustainable grout material. The Reed Waste Ash (RWA) was adopted as a partial replacement for conventional grout material and Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) used in SFP. Also superplasticizer (SP) was used to improve the fluidity of grout and waste paper fiber (W-PF) was used as a modifier for asphalt binder. The indirect Tensile Stress (ITS) and Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) tests were used to evaluate the resistance of new SFP to cracking and moisture susceptibility while the wheel track test was used to assess the resistance to permanent deformation. The results showed that the SFP containing OPC+10% RWA enhanced the moisture susceptibility of SFP up to 83.52 %. In addition, the result of the abrasion test of the SFP mixture containing OPC+10%RWA gives a great improvement, reached to 55% and 88% for unaged and aged specimens, respectively, when compared to the control mix. The rutting resistance was improved by 85% for the above mentioned replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the biometrics that is used to analyze and measure the features of any individual for security and authentication purposes is the fingerprint. purposes, and it is one of the most grown biometric types and considered legal proof of guide in a court of law all over the worldwide. The techniques that is used to find the matching between different fingerprint images have been varied Over the past few years, the researcher in this topic use several methods to extract the essential features, and use these features as input to different matching techniques in inked fingerprint recognition system.in this paper we will discuss in details the contents of fingerprint recognition system and how it is work and a several number of techniques and methods used by the researchers in this top and we made a compression between the widely used techniques to reach the best in terms of accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sentiment analysis is a technique for extracting feelings, emotions, and points of view from texts that have been made publicly available through various data sources, such as social media. In the mid-2000s, the term "sentiment analysis" became widespread, and it peaked in 2019. The SCOPUS database shows a positive research trend in sentiment analysis research during the last 10 years (2012–2021). While conference papers accounted for 49.6 percent of this research, journal articles accounted for 38.8 percent of overall production. The United States is the country with the most paper publications in this research area. The majority of the technologies investigated in this study can identify positive, negative, and neutral polarity. Twenty prominent and widely accessible tools for sentiment analysis available on the Internet were examined, only a few of them are completely free, while some of them do provide a limited-featured free version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The different methods and application rates of an inoculum powder of sunflower Phoma rot pathogen Plenodomus lindquistii Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley for an artificial infection of seeds in the laboratory in soil were studied, the results are presented. The following methods of application of Phoma inoculum powder into soil were studied: into row, mixtures with soil, and on the bottom of a growth tray covered with a filter paper under soil. The application rates of an inoculum powder were 2.5 and 5.0 g per a row of 11 cm length; 5.0 and 10.0 g per 600 g of soil – mixing with soil and on the bottom of the growth tray. The method of application of the inoculum powder into a row in a rate of 5.0 g when the most seeds perished before sprouting were considered to be an optimal one. The sunflower infection with Phoma rot pathogen was weak in variants where pathogen powder was mixed with soil or placed under soil on the bottom of the growth tray. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical strain gauge has been used widely in many applications, such as experimental strength of materials and structural health monitoring because of their low cost and durability in making measurements. Recently, a few new sensors have been developed using the constantan alloy to enhance the sensor's response and sensitivity. However, researchers have noticed that electrical conductive paints alternate their electrical resistance when subjected tomechanical strain. This conductivity is given by the conductive network created by the conductive particles in the paint mixture. The conductive network is then altered as a result of the mechanical deformation, changing the material's electrical properties. This research aims to study the effect of the paper-based strain sensor when the carbon electrical conductive paint is used as a sensor coil in the sensor. We studied the changes in the electrical resistance R as the length of the sensor changed according to the applied strain. The conductive paint was applied on 80gsm A4 printing paper. There are three sensor designs that have been studied. For the first method, the gauge factor for design one is 0.67, the second design gives 0.33 for the gauge factor, and the gauge factor for the third design is 0.50. The design that is suitable for the fabrication of the paper-based strain sensor is design 1 because it has the highest sensitivity compared to other designs. However, the sensor's sensitivity must be enhanced by doing more research to produce a better sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching technical writing to engineering researchers particularly post graduate students is a demanding and complex task. Often the challenge faced by the language instructor is in having inadequate understanding on students' expected writing output which is engineering research publication. While the language instructors may find the language use aspect manageable, it is the understanding on expected writing output for engineering discipline that is a challenge; therefore, supporting language module developers to understand those expected outputs is essential and needed for the advancement in language teaching. In view on the need for the description of the targeted output which is engineering publication, this study focuses on supporting the understanding of engineering research publication specifically on drones. This study is aimed to describe the perimeter of research publication on drones written by prolific engineering writers. This paper uses bibliometric analysis method which is based on identifying the core research and authors, as well as the works that cited them. This study examines 275 research publications indexed in SCOPUS database and also investigates 1947 research publications that cited the 275 publications as reference source. The findings show that the publications are mostly articles, conference papers and reviews deriving mostly from the US, China and the UK whereas the citing documents are mostly from China, the UK and the US. This paper presents the description on the perimeter for both groups. Such description provides a ready narrative to language instructors as well as ready narratives and guidance on writing/content dimension for young scholars embarking on writing scholarly articles on drone research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitosan were selected as cellulose raw material to prepare coating solutions. The morphology, physical characteristics and chemical surface properties of the coatings are discussed in this paper. Different concentrations of chitosan (1-5% w/w) and deposited solution layer (0.5-1.00 µm) were used to obtain coated papers with thicknesses varying between 0.062-0.068 µm. The percentages of coating agent impregnated inside paper were also calculated from the apparent density of coated paper and the density of self-supported films prepared in the same conditions but deposited on an inert and smooth Plexiglass support. These percentages of impregnation ranged from 4.8 to 63.3% and increased as following: chitosan < chitosan nanoparticle. The resulting absorption rates indicated significant differences as a function of the nature of coating agent and confirmed results obtained for the percentage of impregnation. To explain differences in the behaviour of coating solutions, it was finally concluded that not only their viscosity must be taken into account but also their affinity toward paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper Correlation is the study of creating an automated machine to assess the relationship between two or more papers. This study continues to develop in the natural language processing field. In this paper, we begin to enter into this study by conducting research to find the relationship between two citation sentences. The citation sentences contained in the paper can be used as a basis for assessing the relationship between two papers. In this research, the semantic similarity between citation sentences is included in.8 semantic classes. We use the Recurrent Neural Networks method and its variations and use SMOTE to deal with imbalanced data. The data representation that we use is word2vec to convert the sentence into a vector. We develop this research by adding data to see the algorithm's capabilities from previous research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead is a heavy metal that can have a negative effect on human health. Lead enters the human body through the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. Food can be contaminated with lead if the packaging is not proper, for example, salabulek wrapped in typed paper can enter the body. This study aims to prove the presence of lead content in salabulek sold at Pasar Kota Pariaman due to the use of typed paper as wrapping. This research method is descriptive and was conducted at the Water Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Andalas University. The number of samples was 24 samples consisting of 12 samples of salalauak wrapped in typed paper and 12 samples not wrapped in typed paper using total sampling technique. Sample examination using ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma). The results showed that all salabulek sold by traders at Pasar Kota Pariaman were positive for lead, both wrapped in typed paper and unwrapped. The average lead content in packaged salalauak was 0.172 ppm and unwrapped salabulek was 0.167 ppm. Conclusion. All samples of salabulek contained lead metal and there was an increase in lead levels due to packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Used food paper in strips shape were mixed in a different weight percentage 1,2,3,4 respectively with epoxy resin. Discs of 10 cm diameter and 0.8 cm thickness were prepared in a hard shape. The thermal conductivity were tested for each combination showing that the maximum value of 0.989 w/m.°c signed at the combination (Epoxy 6 – Paper 4) Wt.%. And the mechanical properties representative by the hardness reflect the same behavior and recorded the maximum value of 80.21, meanwhile the surface roughness follow the other values in same manor with maximum value 0.50 µm. The increasing in used paper content showing that this increasing will lead clearly to improve the thermal and some mechanical properties of epoxy resin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of a new road has many environmental consequences, as it consumes a significant amount of materials and energy. Additionally, the price of crude oil, which is the primary source of the bituminous binder has climbed dramatically in recent years. These factors have caused a rise in the overall cost of asphalt pavement. An effective way to increase the asphalt mixture industry's long-term viability while also decreasing costs is to develop new materials and technologies that use recycled and environmentally friendly resources in the manufacturing process. The primary goal of employing waste materials as modifiers such as Shredded Paper Fibers "SPF" is to improve performance, save resources, protect the environment from pollution and study the influence of content and sizes on the properties of pure bitumen. The "SPF" was individually mixed with pure bitumen binder at a proportion of (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) % from the weight of bitumen using two different sizes (14×6×1) mm and (7×3×1) mm. Several tests were conducted to assess the properties of the developed binder such as penetration, ductility, softening point, penetration index, and viscosity. The results showed that the modified asphalt binder has fewer values of penetration and ductility by 50 % and 51% respectively compared with pure bitumen for the smallest size of "SPF". The use of these modifiers leads to an increase in the penetration index to 0.47 and viscosity to 2.5 times when used smallest size and percent of 0.75%. The use of these modifiers leads to an increase in the penetration index to 0.47 and viscosity to 1.8 times when used smallest size and percent of 0.75%. The knowledge gap in this study suggests an alternative for cellulose fibber from waste recourse, however, the shredded paper is suggested as a stabilizer to asphalt used for Semi-Flexible Pavement "SFP", and where drain down is recognized obviously with neat asphalt. The results also demonstrated that enhanced asphalt binders might significantly alter the characteristics and performance of asphalt mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A concept of the smart contract powered by Ethereum has raised the attention of investors in the crypto-currency market in the light of the distributed account book techniques in the Era of Blockchain 2.0. Based on the digitalization of the financial tools, smart contract adopts the smart validation and execution of the computation protocols extending the blockchain to the application level of use to reinforce the security and transparency of transaction deals. This paper aimed to investigate the principle, functions, ground mechanism of the smart contract, and protection approaches and evaluated the security issues existed in the investment process. Lastly, the paper summarized the Smart Contract design and development, loopholes, and protection approaches in the Smart Contract applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from the boiler is one of the primary sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) which must be reduced. Nowadays, the boiler emissions discharged into the atmosphere has not been utilized yet. An experiment of Spirulina platensis cultivation in laboratory scale with the addition of CO2 flue gas of coal-fired boilers has been done. CO2 flue gas with a flow rate of 0.25-0.75 L/min was added into paper mill effluent as the growth medium of Spirulina platensis. The biomass growing of Spirulina platensis, pH of medium and CO2 captured during the experiment were observed. The result indicated that CO2 flue gas of coal-fired boilers of the paper mill could be utilized for cultivating of Spirulina platensis. The biomass productivity of Spirulina platensis in the amount of 220 mg/L.day or 39 g/m².day could be obtained with the addition of CO2 flue gas in the flow rate of 0.75 L/min. Spirulina platensis contains protein, fat, fiber, ash and amino acids. It also contains sodium, calcium and magnesium. But it has no cadmium content. It is potentially be used as animal dietary supplements. CO2 flue gas from the boiler emission can be used for cultivation of Spirulina platensis and contribute in reducing of CO2 gas boiler emissions like greenhouse gases (GHG) by 0.20% of total CO2 added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia has targeted to reach 23% of renewable energy share by 2025. In order to meet the target, many researchers have focused on the explorations of renewable energy resources. One of the potential solutions to meet the target is the agricultural wastes, include corn cobs and areca nut fiber. In this study, the calorific value of corn cobs and areca nut fiber are tested. The corn cobs and areca nut fiber are collected from the farmers in Sumatera Utara province of Indonesia. In addition, the Paper waste is also tested. A bomb calorimeter of IKA C6000 is used to measure the energy content of the biomass. The results show that the calorific value of Corn cobs and Areca nut fiber is 5573 Cal/g and 4946 Cal/g, respectively.By using the average yearly production of Corn and Areca nut, these calorific values similar to 4,539 TOE and 4,653 TOE, respectively. If the potency can be used to replace the coal as an alternative fuel, this potency will reduce the Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. The potency of mitigation GHG by replacing Corncob and Areca nut fiber are 18,306 and 18,491 ton of CO2e. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the membrane separation process to concentrate the xylanase was tested to restrict cellulase dosage on the lignocellulosic waste. Xylanase produced from Streptomyces lividans expressing an endo-xylanase gene from Kitasatospora sp. was concentrated by nanofiltration membrane NTR-7410. This resulted in a seven-fold increase in xylanase activity without changing its specific activity. The saccharification of dilute acid-pretreated empty fruit bunch (EFB) was performed by applying membrane-concentrated xylanase compared with its un-concentrated to commercial cellulase loaded at one filter paper unit/g-biomass. Both glucose and xylose yields obtained by using concentrated xylanase (19.49% and 41.51%, respectively) were higher compared to un-concentrated xylanase (11.71% and 28.71%, respectively). Xylose-assimilating Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast at initial of 0.5 g/L was then inoculated into the sugar solutions. The yeast had increased ethanol titer and productivity from sugars obtained by using membrane-concentrated xylanase (7.13±0.60 g/L and 0.59±0.06 g/L/h, respectively), compared by using un-concentrated xylanase (4.56±0.43 g/L and 0.38±0.02 g/L/h, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignosulfonate is produced as a waste in the production of paper. Its sodium variant is used in the construction industry as a plasticizer and stabilizing additive in natural-based adhesives. It consists of components that have been subjected to ecotoxicity testing under REACH as individual components (sodium salts C14-16-alkanehydroxy and C14-16-alkene sulfonic acids, sodium hydroxide, octhilinone), not as a whole mixture. Therefore, ecotoxicological tests of the sodium lignosulfonate were performed in this study to assess environmental safety (100 mg/L). Testing was performed on four organisms: algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) and crustaceans (Daphnia magna), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae), mustard (Sinapis alba) in acute aquatic tests. The results indicate stimulation of parameters in all model organisms, toxicity was not demonstrated. Therefore, sodium lignosulfonate probably acted as an eutrophicator in aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present world of advanced technology, we are entering a new era of computer technology, the full form of IoT being the Internet of Things. The Internet, a revolutionary invention, is constantly evolving into some new kind of hardware and software that has made it inevitable for everyone. IoT is a kind of global neural network in the cloud that allocates a lot. The communication system we see is person-to-person or device-to-person, but the IoT offers better future for the Internet, where communication type is machine-to-machine (M2M). The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the IoT display and its enabled technology and sensor network. This paper covers the subject matter, features, basic requirements and applications of IoT. The primary purpose of this research paper is to deliver an idea of the development and use of the IoT, its structure and advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voting system plays an important role in any democratic country. Vote means to elect the best political pioneer. In India, currently two types of voting systems are depleted, which are secret Ballet paper and Electronic Voting Machines(EVM), but both of them have severalrestrains. The current voting system is jeopardizing, voters visits poolingbooth and stand in long line up to cast their votes, because of which there are possibilities that many people miss their chance of voting. Additionally, social gathering isn't much preferred in this COVID-19 situation. Voters who are ineligible may also use fraudulent methods to cast their ballots, which may result in hardship. Therefore, in this project, we suggest a voting system that is efficient and has three layers of security. The verification of the voter's unique identification number (UID) comes first, then the verification of their election identification number (EID), and finally the verification of their face, which is the highest level of security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This bibliometric study aims to analyze the research output and trends in the field of Islamic research between 2020 and 2022. Using the Scopus database, a total of 6269 articles were identified for inclusion in this study, all of which contain the keywords "Islamic AND Islam" in the title, abstract, and keywords. The study employed bibliometric techniques to identify the most productive countries, authors, affiliations, and journals in the field of Islamic research. The analysis revealed that Indonesia is the most productive country in Islamic research, followed by Malaysia and USA. The International Islamic University Malaysia was identified as the most productive affiliation, while Ejaz Aslam and Razali Haron's study on the impact of corporate governance on Islamic bank performance was the most influential publication with 33 citations on Scopus. The Journal of Islamic Marketing was found to be the most productive journal in the field. The co-occurrence network analysis using Keyword Plus identified "human," "education," and "economy" as the most frequent and interconnected topics in Islamic research. The network also revealed a node connected to "Islamism," indicating a growing interest in the intersection of religion and politics in Muslim-majority countries. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the current state of Islamic research and its trends. The findings can guide policymakers and researchers in developing strategies and policies to advance the field and address current challenges. The bibliometric analysis can also aid researchers in identifying potential collaborators and interdisciplinary connections, leading to the development of new research directions and opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is the most consumed matter in the world. 97% of water is saline which cannot be used easily for domestic purposes and the water which can be easily treated is limited as the groundwater table is depleting due to irrigation purposes and water consumption is rural areas. To solve this issue, we must focus on surface water resource such as rivers, rivulets etc. For using such source there should be a meticulous quality audit of substantial water samples of that source to properly ensure suitability for domestic water use. Hence it is conspicuous that water quality is very imperative. For a rational and scientific analysis of water quality, there should be a mathematical parameter. For that matter, we have a water quality index to ensure rationality during the quality audit. We shall include pH, TDS, alkalinity, hardness conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, chlorine content, fluorine content etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jute fibers are an environmental friendly natural fiber which can be used as good alternatives in the reinforcement of composite materials. The physical and mechanical properties of jute fiber are studied. The humidification cum heat treatment is carried out for the jute fiber. The tensile strength measurement was made for the untreated and humidification cum heat treated bundle jute fiber. The tensile strength of untreated and treated bundle jute fibers are 71.7± 9.5 MPa and 104.9 ± 8.8MPa respectively. A 45% increase in tensile strength is noticed. The structural organisation in the untreated and treated jute fiber is studied by X-ray fibre diffraction. The tensile strength measurement is carried out for the composite of Paper-Tamarind seed gum and Paper-Tamarind seed gum - Jute fiber and their measured tensile strength are 4.3 ± 0.5 MPa and 6.1± 1.2 MPa respectively. The enhancement in tensile strength for Paper-Tamarind seed gum - Jute fiber composite is observed. The environmental friendly biocomposite bags prepared are: Paper-Tamarind seed gum - Jute fiber and Paper-Tamarind seed gum, which can withstand load of 9.0 kg and 6.0 kg respectively. An increase of 50% in the load bearing capacity is achieved by reinforcing jute fibre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental issues have been a crucial concern in every global sector. One sector that might cause environmental problems is the financial sector. Surrounding issues come from various factors such as the usage of fossil fuels that lead to global warming and climate change which slowly assassinate human beings. This article will focus on efficiency comparison between using paper money, plastic cards and cryptocurrency. The main goal is to prove which of the three financial payments is the most energy-efficient in the past, present, and future. The parameters used in this study are electricity usage and CO2 emissions. The whole analysis is based on a quantitative-descriptive method which provides in depth analysis of electricity usage and CO2 emissions level among financial equates from every generation. Even though plastic cards have the highest efficiency level initially, over time, cryptocurrency is going revolutionary, making them more efficient than paper money and plastic cards. This proves that cryptocurrency could be the most energy-efficient payment method in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy demand in Indonesia increases continuously, but its availability is thinning out. Therefore, an alternative energy where the source is bountiful but has not been used properly is needed, such as used paper. This used paper is usually produced by office activities, educational institutions, even home activities. The used paper contains very high cellulose since the lignin contained in the raw material has been removed during the pulping process. Cellulose is a polymeric compound consisting of glucose monomers. The hydrolysis of cellulose is able to produce glucose which subsequently can be fermented into bio-ethanol. A study on hydrolysis of used paper to produce glucose as the raw material of bio-ethanol is urgent to conduct. The present work studied the hydrolysis of used paper using acid catalyst (sulfuric acid, chloride acid), which was heated in a microwave equipped with a cooling set up to avoid the evaporation of hydrolysate. The level of glucose in the hydrolysate was affected linearly by the acid concentration, hydrolysis time, and microwave power. Using chloride acid 2N for 7 hours, the hydrolysis produced glucose with a level of 76.542%, and 59.532% for sulfuric acid 3N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]