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1,182 results

33. Paper production using Acacia auriculiformis leaf

Author

Mohammad Abdullah, Rohah A. Majid, Ahmad Khuzairi Khalid, Siti Nurul ‘Ain Zaiton, Muhammad Muzamil Mustam, and Hairul Amiza Azman

Subjects
Acacia auriculiformis, biology, Pulp (paper), engineering.material, Raw material, Pulp and paper industry, biology.organism_classification, stomatognathic diseases, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Sodium hydroxide, Ultimate tensile strength, engineering, Lignin, Cellulose, Bagasse
Abstract

The pulp and paper making industry is looking for new main raw material based on its physical, chemical and morphological characteristics. Currently in this industry, bagasse is the most useful raw material in pulp and paper industry. The objective of this study is to determine its suitability for pulping. Acacia auriculiformis is a fast-growing tree normally found in Indonesia and Australia. Acacia auriculiformis leaf contains of cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin. The range of lignin content in Acacia auriculiformis is 19%-20%. The hemi-cellulose and lignin contents was removed by soda-pulping process using different concentrations as followed; 3%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. In order to determine the optimum pulping conditions for Acacia auriculiformis craft paper, several tests were conducted such as apparent density, tear test, tensile strength test and moisture absorption. It was found that the Acacia auriculiformis fibre treated with 3% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions gave good tear test of the paper. For apparent density test, the best concentration of NaOH used for treating Acacia auriculiformis pulping is at 15%. From the study, the optimum concentration of NaOH in treating Acacia auriculiformis fibre is at 5% for best result in tensile strength. Hence, from the overall tests, 5% concentration of NaOH is the optimum value. From the findings, Acacia auriculiformis fibre has a potential to be used in paper making and food packaging industry.

Published
2021

34. The properties of food packaging paper from oil palm empty fruit bunches pulp coated with chitosan

Author

Sesmi Gutari, Nanang Masruchin, Deni Zulfiana, Sita Heris Anita, Kurnia Wiji Prasetiyo, Widya Fatriasari, and Lisman Suryanegara

Subjects
Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Chitosan, chemistry.chemical_compound, Coating, Mold, medicine, Food science, Coated paper, Wax, business.industry, Pulp (paper), technology, industry, and agriculture, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Food safety, 0104 chemical sciences, Food packaging, chemistry, visual_art, engineering, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

The coating process on food packaging paper is carried out to improve the food safety aspect from dangerous substance migration from food packaging into food. It can facilitate to increase its function and wide the potency of utilization. The coating materials commonly used are plastic and wax coatings. Chitosan as a natural polymer that has the binding properties both water and oil. Chitosan has polar and non-polar groups thus it is potential to be developed as a coating material for food packaging paper. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical-mechanical and antimicrobial properties of food packaging paper from oil palm empty fruit bunches pulp coated with chitosan. The parameters used were chitosan and pulp weight. The oil palm empty fruit bunch pulp was fibrillated with high speed blender then mixed with chitosan solution. The mixed solution was poured in the mold and dried in an oven at 60 °C for 24 hours. The results showed that increasing of chitosan content was coated paper increased physical and mechanical properties values. The more pulp content the higher the physical properties value, however the mechanical properties value tend to decrease. The antimicrobial activity of chitosan coated paper was evaluated by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones. The results revealed that all tested samples showed growth inhibition zone againts to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus after 24 h incubation compared to commercial food packaging paper.

Published
2020

35. Economical - eco friendly bricks manufactured using waste papers under different curing conditions

Author

P.S. Aravind Raj, S.P. Sangeetha, R. Divahar, and K. Ganesan

Subjects
Toughness, Brick, Absorption of water, Waste management, Compaction, Environmental science, Waste paper, Environmentally friendly, Curing (chemistry)
Abstract

Severe Environmental problems arises across the world due to accumulation of paper waste as landfills large quantity of resources are being utilised by the construction sector, creating a huge demand for construction materials. This paper presents an experimental study carried out by utilising waste paper in concrete Bricks which is a new innovation composite material. An experimental study on compaction strength, weight, water absorption characteristics subjected to sun dried and water curing methods of casting were studied in details. It was observed that usage of paper in concrete has good strength, toughness, has reduction in weight of the brick considerably and also had a low thermal conductivity.

Published
2020

36. Identification of CuCl2 and CuSO4 as precursors for CuCl urine activated paper battery synthesis

Author

Ruben Supandy, Sylvia Ayu Pradanawati, and Neni Sintawardani

Subjects
Battery (electricity), Materials science, Fabrication, Paper battery, Magnesium, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Cathode, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Anode, chemistry, law, 0210 nano-technology, Voltage
Abstract

A paper battery is a 6 cm × 4 cm × 1 mm dimension battery that uses CuCl as a cathode, magnesium as an anode, and urine as an electrolyte. CuCl2 dan CuSO4 as used to synthesis CuCl was analyzed. A simple and cheap sandwiched fabrication model has been identified using the low-cost CuCl synthesis process. This paper battery has passed experimental testing and delivers the best power generation at 169,588 mW and continuously up to 4 hours. Voltage also measured and provided a stable voltage at least for 6 hours at 582.667 mV. Method 2 of using CuSO4, which has price lower than CuCl2 showed better power generation and stability.

Published
2020

40. Comparison of calorific value of corn cobs, areca nut fiber and paper waste as alternative fuel

Author

H. V. Sihombing, Eko Yohanes Setyawan, and Himsar Ambarita

Subjects
Nut, biology, business.industry, Biomass, Corncob, Pulp and paper industry, biology.organism_classification, Renewable energy, Environmental science, Heat of combustion, Coal, Fiber, business, Areca
Abstract

Indonesia has targeted to reach 23% of renewable energy share by 2025. In order to meet the target, many researchers have focused on the explorations of renewable energy resources. One of the potential solutions to meet the target is the agricultural wastes, include corn cobs and areca nut fiber. In this study, the calorific value of corn cobs and areca nut fiber are tested. The corn cobs and areca nut fiber are collected from the farmers in Sumatera Utara province of Indonesia. In addition, the Paper waste is also tested. A bomb calorimeter of IKA C6000 is used to measure the energy content of the biomass. The results show that the calorific value of Corn cobs and Areca nut fiber is 5573 Cal/g and 4946 Cal/g, respectively.By using the average yearly production of Corn and Areca nut, these calorific values similar to 4,539 TOE and 4,653 TOE, respectively. If the potency can be used to replace the coal as an alternative fuel, this potency will reduce the Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. The potency of mitigation GHG by replacing Corncob and Areca nut fiber are 18,306 and 18,491 ton of CO2e.

Published
2020