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The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) has been developing sensors for the pulp and paper industry that use a magnetic field. The applications for magnetic sensors that have been studied include 1) sensors for the measurement of the water and ice content of wood chips entering the pulping mill, 2) sensors for measuring the water content and other constituents of the black liquor leaving the paper digester, and 3) sensors for measuring paper thickness and water content as the paper is being processed. These tasks can be done using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The magnetic field used for doing the NMR can come from either permanent magnets or superconducting magnets. The choice of the magnet is dependent on a number of factors, which include the size of the sample and field strength needed to do the sensing task at hand. This paper describes some superconducting magnet options that can be used in the pulp and paper industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the implementation of Automated Centralized Certificate Management System based on Automatic Certificate Management Environment (ACME) protocol within the Academic Scientific Research Computer Network of Armenia (ASNET-AM). Digital certificates are one of the major instruments, used for most network services today. The work done in ASNET-AM is based the recent availability of free wildcard SSL/TLS certificates from some certificate authorities (CA) like LetsEncrypt. The concept of implementing automated centralized certificate system was presented at CSIT 2019 Conference and this paper summarizes its implementation done during past years. The system described is now actively used in production and provides centralized secure and automated digital certificates service for different types of ASNET-AM network services such as web servers, mail servers, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most nations, lung cancer (LC) is the main cause to mortality cases occurring due to tumors to males and females. Lung nodules (masses) are recognized through digital technologies support precise diagnosis using medical imaging techniques such as CT-scan, X-rays and MRI. As the nodules are normally connected to the blood vessels, identification of lung nodules is a difficult task. Several studies illustrate that diagnosing or detecting such cases earlier is regarded the best successful method to counter this disease. Many systems have been developed that automatically identify lung tumors by using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and pattern recognition methods. Despite the encouraging consistency of the classification, none of these schemes have set their course in clinical practice, which also concerns the lack of clarity concerning the process of taking decisions. In this paper, we present a systematic mapping study on lung tumors recognition. After four sorting methods, we obtained 375 relevant studies in total. After applying four filters manually, 48 papers as primary studies related to the main topic are selected as listed in Appendix (A). The selected papers classified them with respect to several facets. The results provide an overview of the existing relevant studies in reported in the literature, highlight focus areas and research gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In image processing and computer vision, image segmentation plays a crucial role. It finds a place in many image applications. Texture and colour features and its combination are among the main features used in image segmentation. This paper presents the literature review for colour-based segmentation techniques and texture-based segmentation techniques. The main objective for this paper is to provide the recent trends of both the color and texture segmentation technique in image segmentation as well as presenting the most popular evaluation measurements used for image segmentation. At the end of this paper, the conclusion for future work and its direction is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrophotography is a process of digital printing in which master is stored and processed as a digital file. This process was invented by Chester Floyd Carlson who was an American physicist. Various developments in this process have resulted in improved print quality. Depending upon the type of toner used, Electrophotography can be classified into two types: 1) Liquid Toner Electrophotography 2) Dry Toner Electrophotography. Toner particle size of Dry Toner Electrophotography is equal to or larger than 5 µm and that of Liquid Toner Electrophotography is equal to or smaller than 2 µm. This study was conducted to analyze the print quality of Liquid Toner and Dry Toner Electrophotography process on the basis of Print Contrast and Dot Gain. Good Print Contrast represent good details in the shadow area. Low Dot Gain helps in controlling unintentional density increase resulting in reproduction of halftone details appropriately. This study was conducted on presses using Liquid Toner and Dry Toner Electrophotography Technology for generating prints. HP Indigo 5600 was used for Liquid Toner Electrophotography prints and Xerox Versant 2100 was used for Dry Toner Electrophotography prints. Prints were taken on Gloss Coated Paper having grammage of 200 GSM. Total 100 (50 each) sheets were printed using both technologies. X-rite exact Spectrophotometer was used for analyzing the results. For this study, Print Contrast is measured at 80 % tonal value and Dot Gain is measured at 50 % tonal value. Results of this study shows that Print Contrast of Cyan, Magenta and Yellow color is lesser and that of Black color is higher for the samples printed by Liquid Toner Electrophotography. Dot Gain of Magenta and Black Color is lower and that of Cyan and Yellow color is similar for the samples printed by Liquid Toner Electrophotography. Consistency of Print Contrast and Dot Gain is higher for the samples printed by Liquid Toner Electrophotography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important material property in the paper industry is the anisotropic stiffness distribution due to the fibrous microstructure of paper. Ultrasonic methods offer a means of determining the stiffness of sheets of paper from the anisotropic propagation characteristics of elastic Lamb waves along the machine direction (MD) and the cross direction (CD). Currently, piezoelectric ultrasonic methods are employed in the industry to measure the elastic polar diagram of paper through multiple contacting measurements made in all directions. This paper describes a new approach utilizing the INEEL Laser Ultrasonic Camera to provide a complete image of the elastic waves traveling in all directions in the plane of the paper sheet. This approach is based on optical dynamic holographic methods that record the out of plane ultrasonic motion over the entire paper surface simultaneously without scanning. The full-field imaging technique offers great potential for increasing the speed of the measurement and it ultimately provides a great deal of information concerning local property variations and flaws in the paper. This report shows the success of the method and the manner in which it yields the elastic polar diagram for the paper from the dispersive flexural or antisymmetric Lamb wave. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years, the technological progress in the field of wood polymer nanocomposites have played a significant role. It has been successfully overcome many disadvantages of wood product such as poor dimensional stability, poor mechanical strength, susceptibility and poor thermal stability. Due to the modification of softwood, we are able to find the substitution of costliest hardwood. In the addition of vinyl monomer and thermosetting resin with different cross linking reagents, we can easily develop the properties of wood. Due to its low cost and multi functionality softwood have a broad application in different fields of wood polymer nanotechnologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immediate methanol energy unit (DMFC) is the substitution of lithium-particle batteries in practically every one of the convenient electronic devices, in which current DMFCs work at double the force thickness of current lithium-particle batteries with moment refuel capability. It's realized that, the DMFC will give higher force densities, just if the center of this power module – the polymer electrolyte layer (PEM) – were more impervious to the fuel (methanol). In this way, the plan and improvement of Nafion® (the most ordinarily utilized PEM in energy components) substitutes that show high proton's conductivity and little methanol porousness (high selectivity) is a functioning space of examination. Polymer mixes are a humble and worthwhile strategy to advance layers that conjoin the ideal vehicle properties. Until now, there is fractional exploration in the space of PEM mixes, and besides, various uncertain inquiries. In this investigation, the properties of mix organization, science, and handling on polymer morphology and thereafter the vehicle properties and selectivity were analyzed. A significant impact in this investigation is correlation arrangement of cast films to warm squeezed layers. The last target is to coordinate with both the layers to furnish immiscible mixes with low selectivity, while likewise with the writing review tempered arrangement cast layers improved miscibility and thusly selectivity. The result with this examination is to discover the DMFC Execution of a strengthened arrangement cast mix layer of Nafion®/poly (vinyl liquor) (PVA) (with just 5 wt% PVA) was 33% higher than Nafion® (the business standard) at a high methanol fuel fixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in water quality can be shown in physical, chemical and biological indicators. The presence of phytoplankton can be used as a bioindicator to evaluate changes in water quality and fertility in a water. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance and biological index of phytoplankton in the Ir.H. Djuanda Reservoir. The method used is a survey. Types of phytoplankton obtained in the results of the study consisted of 6 classes and 36 species. The average abundance of phytoplankton in the waters of the Ir. H. Djuanda ranged from 23809 – 98810 cells/l. The results of the analysis of diversity (H') = 1.78 – 2.53, uniformity index (E) = 0.62 – 0.8 and dominance index (C) = 0.12 – 0.28. These results indicate that the diversity of phytoplankton in the Ir. H. Djuanda has moderate diversity, high uniformity and no dominance. Based on the value of the diversity index, it shows that the reservoir is classified as lightly polluted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental issues have been a crucial concern in every global sector. One sector that might cause environmental problems is the financial sector. Surrounding issues come from various factors such as the usage of fossil fuels that lead to global warming and climate change which slowly assassinate human beings. This article will focus on efficiency comparison between using paper money, plastic cards and cryptocurrency. The main goal is to prove which of the three financial payments is the most energy-efficient in the past, present, and future. The parameters used in this study are electricity usage and CO2 emissions. The whole analysis is based on a quantitative-descriptive method which provides in depth analysis of electricity usage and CO2 emissions level among financial equates from every generation. Even though plastic cards have the highest efficiency level initially, over time, cryptocurrency is going revolutionary, making them more efficient than paper money and plastic cards. This proves that cryptocurrency could be the most energy-efficient payment method in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work focuses on the design of conventional controllers, which can be used for the control of non-linear systems to provide a desired level of a process tank. The nonlinear systems take's up for the study is Hopper tanks because of its use in the field of Pharmaceutical, Petro chemical, water treatment and paper making industries. Its non-linearity is due to the cross-sectional behavior of the process. It consists of two parts Conical Tank for easy flow of solid, viscous liquids and a cylindrical tank for storage of materials. It is used for the evacuation of products without wastage is possible. The closed loop performance is determined to obtain the desired level control using conventional PI, controllers for various tuning methods. The major advantage of this method is simplicity. Simulation results using MATLAB software to determine the outperformance of controller techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we studied the barrier, strength and deformation properties of paper coated with biomodified gluten. The results shows the giving grease-resistance to this composite (Kit score 21) and resistance to water vapor permeability with an experiment duration of 40 days. Strength of samples was increased of more than 40% and deformation of samples was increased of more than 30% as a result of biomodification of gluten, were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 21st century people are habituated with using all kind of smart devices. Many researchers have been done in last decade to make the human life more comfortable and convenient. Smart devices play a vital role to ensure the comfort to our daily life and simultaneously it makes the system more energy efficient and accurate. In this paper the smart IoT based washing machine source of the supply comprises with three different segments: 1. Conventional power source, 2. Solar power, 3. Battery back-up that's why the prototype is named as Tribrid. The washing machine can consume electrical power for all the time whenever it requires. So, this prototype can easily solve the problem of interruption in power supply. Now, to make the motor more energy efficient brushless dc motor (BLDC) is used instead of using the conventional motor, this reduces the power consumption of the device when it is connected to the supply main. Application of Internet of Thing (IoT) makes the device smart. That means this prototype can be controlled or monitor from the remote location. The prototype is light in weight so it is portable too; this helps the consumer to move the device from any end of the house to anywhere. It is expected that this prototype will helps to reduce both the water and electrical energy consumption easily and the smartness will add some extra comfort to the consumer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this era of technology, online data is increasing enormously in various forms be it images, videos, texts, sound, etc. Now with increasing data, there arises the issue of storage and that's the time when Bigdata and its tools come into the picture. To analyze the big data and process it with the available traditional methods, becomes an extremely strenuous task. And to overcome this drawback, there are various big data tools and techniques available. Some of the techniques that are used to analyze big data are the techniques of data mining such as clustering, classification, division, and prediction. The tools that are used in analyzing the big data are MongoDB, NoSQL, HPCC, Apache Storm, Spark, Apache Hadoop, also these tools are used in handling big data. In this paper, analysis of big data tools and techniques has been done with different examples and instances. To understand the tools better, their summaries along with examples are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encryption techniques are important on the Internet. The challenges of color-coding are still hot topics. Many papers were published to develop encryption algorithms to prevent security attacks. Cryptography is the process of converting plaintext into ciphertext. It is classified into two types: symmetric encryption, which uses the same key for encryption and decryption processes; and asymmetric encryption, which uses private and public keys. Text to image color coding needs to encrypt text data into colors. Researchers proposed different techniques to implement this approach to safeguard text data against attacks. This work compares various types of text to image encryption and decryption techniques based on the RGB and CMYK color values and provides a comparison between them using various parameters such as application, program language, type of image, number of keys used, image dimension used, encryption and decryption processing time, advantage and disadvantage, image size used, evaluation measures, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speech Emotion Recognition is an amazing field of research in current days. Speech Emotion Recognition is an innovative technology with numerous applications that can be used in our day-to-day life. This review paper, mainly focused on some parameters such as: feature vector size, feature selection, classifiers and experimental approach for categorizing the different emotional states. To explore this research, we also focused on the dataset which is studied out by IITKGP-SEHSC in Hindi speech. This study reviews the different emotion states Happy, Anger, Neutral, Fear, Disgust, Sad, Sarcastic and Surprise by using the Hindi speech data as an input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes, which can lead to chronic renal failure in patients. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition characterized by abnormalities and loss of kidney function. Early detection of nephropathy can prevent the progression of this disease to CKD. In this work, both albumin (ALB) and creatinine (CRE) were used as biomarkers for detecting albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) using paper-based analytical devices (PADs) by applying the alkaline picrate and bromocresol purple (BCP) reagents as the reagent solutions. ALB detections were performed by a dye-binding method using BCP reagent resulted in the color change from yellow to purple, while CRE detection was based on the Jaffe reaction using picric acid in an alkaline solution resulted in the color change from yellow to orange. The color changes were photographed by a digital camera and the pictures' color intensity (RGB) were evaluated using ImageJ. The ACR in artificial samples was measured using the calibration curve constructing by plotting logarithmic of ACR (mg g−1) against the Δ intensity ALB/CRE ratio. The accuracy of ACR determination in artificial samples were found in the range of 75.70 – 99.98%, whereas their standard deviations were in the range of 0.01 – 0.02, showing relatively good accuracy and high precision of the proposed method. The detection limits (LOD) for albumin (ALB) and creatinine (CRE) were 8.2 mg.dL−1 and 5.1 mg.dL−1, respectively. The fast, cheap, and easy-to-use method for ACR detection could be attributed to the proposed method. Additionally, it has relatively good accuracy and high precision, and it can potentially be used as an alternative technique for early detecting or screening kidney disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the research trend of interconnection of computational thinking and mathematics. Data analysis used bibliometric mapping analysis method. Related articles analyzed were searched from the Scopus and Google Scholar databases using Publish or Perish software. Furthermore, data analysis using VOSviewer software. The results show that: (1) research on the interconnection of mathematics and computational thinking has increased significantly in the last five years, (2) the number of articles in Google Scholar indexed journals is more than Scopus indexed journals, but the number of citations in Scopus indexed journals is much higher than Google Scholar indexed journals and conference papers, (3) David Weintrop is the most cited author on mathematics and computational thought, with 77.40 citations/year, (4) there are many network clusters between authors with members ranging from two to eight authors, (5) There are many research theme cluster networks used by the authors in the last three years, with the focus of recent research linking mathematics and computational thinking with critical thinking, mathematical literacy, and computational thinking abilities. The results of this study can be used as a basis and inspiration for further research on mathematical interconnection and computational thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to high densities of energy, power, and remarkable operational efficiency of Li-on battery when in contrast to Lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries are examples of other types of batteries. Vehicles, electronics, aircraft, and other industries are all interested in lithium-ion batteries right now. However, some critical variables, such as performance degradation under extreme driving circumstances due to temperature difference in the lithium-ion cell, limit its usefulness. As a result, it's important to decide the optimal course of action based on the consequences of heat generation on various lithium-ion cell components. This paper looked at how heat is generated and how it affects each component of a li-ion battery. An analysis of different heat-controlling systems employing various design structures in numerous techniques of cooling such as liquid convection, phase transition material, air Convection and a combination of these techniques are used. Finally, utilizing a variety of design frameworks, a summary is created [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the practice of leading countries, digital transformation implies a sectoral principle of support for the introduction of new technologies. At the same time, programs and projects can be built both on the principle of implementing a single promising group of in several industries, where it is especially relevant, and, conversely, provide for the digital transformation of a particular industry through the forceful introduction of a multitude of technologically diverse solutions demanded in a given sector of the economy or social sphere. of a given sector of the economy or social sphere. Digital transformation affects a wide range of industries and organizations, from the most advanced in terms of digital adoption (e.g., financial services) to the more conservative real sector; this paper examines digital transformation in the agro-industrial complex (agriculture). The key task of digital transformation of agriculture is to extract value from the collected big data about the internal and external environment. The foundation for this is cloud platforms, big data solutions, predictive analytics technologies, and decision support systems decision support systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recycled paper mill effluent (RPME) contains high concentrations of organic matters and total solids, and therefore requires proper treatment prior to discharge. There is a lack of experimental data available on the biodegradation of solids contents of RPME and digested sludge in anaerobic reactors. In this study, the treatment of RPME was studied using five compartments modified anaerobic inclining-baffled reactor (MAI-BR). The compartmental profiles of TSS, VSS, TDS and lignin contents, and floc size were investigated at different influent chemical oxygen demand concentration (CODin) from 1,000 to 4,000 mg/L, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 3 to 1 days (corresponding to organic loading rate (OLR) from 0.33 to 4 g/L day). The results showed that the contents of TSS, VSS and lignin were the highest at Compartment 1 (14,818-32,130 mg/L), (6,772-20,548 mg/L) and (7-227 mg/L), and gradually decreased towards Compartment 5 (627-8,518 mg/L), (281-6,145 mg/L) and (7-22 mg/L), respectively. Conversely, the content of TDS was low at Compartment 1 (508-712 mg/L) and slightly increased towards Compartment 5 (531-836 mg/L). Throughout 126 days, the floc size at Compartmental 1 was increased from 104 to 731 μm, similarly for other compartments. These results concluded that Compartment 1 played a major role in the operation of MAI-BR treating RPME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing development and improvement of low-power wireless communication technologies enable many new applications to emerge on an Internet of Things (IoT). One of the main areas of healthcare research including new IoT programs to enhance both quality and access to healthcare and smart services; in this paper, we present the IoT hybrid health care monitoring system that integrates Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless networks technologies into a single platform that provides patient location, status, and tracking. Despite the great potential of such technologies to increase quality and experience and lower the cost of health care. The paper aims to address the complexities of RFID implementation in healthcare on patient safety through a literature review. Our primary findings indicate that the major obstacles to adoption are high adoption costs, protection and privacy-related concerns, and human security threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical strain gauge has been used widely in many applications, such as experimental strength of materials and structural health monitoring because of their low cost and durability in making measurements. Recently, a few new sensors have been developed using the constantan alloy to enhance the sensor's response and sensitivity. However, researchers have noticed that electrical conductive paints alternate their electrical resistance when subjected tomechanical strain. This conductivity is given by the conductive network created by the conductive particles in the paint mixture. The conductive network is then altered as a result of the mechanical deformation, changing the material's electrical properties. This research aims to study the effect of the paper-based strain sensor when the carbon electrical conductive paint is used as a sensor coil in the sensor. We studied the changes in the electrical resistance R as the length of the sensor changed according to the applied strain. The conductive paint was applied on 80gsm A4 printing paper. There are three sensor designs that have been studied. For the first method, the gauge factor for design one is 0.67, the second design gives 0.33 for the gauge factor, and the gauge factor for the third design is 0.50. The design that is suitable for the fabrication of the paper-based strain sensor is design 1 because it has the highest sensitivity compared to other designs. However, the sensor's sensitivity must be enhanced by doing more research to produce a better sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic electroreduction of carbon dioxide represents a promising technology for the management of the energy sources and the abatement of CO2 emissions. For the industrial implementation of this process, it is required the development of a selective and stable nanostructured catalytic electrode. In this study, we evaluated the synthesis of nanostructured metallic electrodes produced by galvanostatic electrodeposition of copper onto a carbon paper support. The effects of deposition current density on morphology and catalytic properties of the electrodes were analyzed. The formation of copper nano and microstructure was observed on the external structure of the carbon paper support. Regarding the morphology, a correlation between applied current density and deposition structure was found. Electrodeposited electrodes showed a catalytic selectivity towards the production of carbon monoxide almost four times greater than copper foil electrodes. An inverse correlation between deposition current density and catalytic selectivity was observed. A decrease in the deposition current from -6 mA cm-2 to -2 mA cm−2 resulted in a doubling of the measured selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the construction industry has experienced rapid development. Thus, this situation led to the depletion of non- renewable natural resources like cement due to the increases in the demand and production of construction materials that consume non-renewable resource such as cement. There are various types of waste in large amount that may contribute to environmental issues such as wastepaper. Therefore, many research that have been conducted to reduce the consumption of cement by partial replacing the cement with wastepaper ash yet sampling work for the experimental research still contribute to the usage of cement in huge quantities. In addition, sampling for laboratory work is less effective due to the longer period to prepare the test sample, and higher cost is needed. Hence, this paper introduces the use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in predicting the compressive strength of concrete that utilizing wastepaper ash as partial cement replacement. The data for modelling work was gathered in the form of cement content, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, water content, water cement ratio and wastepaper ash for 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of cement replacement. The model was developed by considering 80% of collected previous research data for training, 10% for testing and another 10% for validation which trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt Back Propagation (LMBP) method in Matlab2017a. The R value obtained from the training, testing and validation data was 0.99999, 0.99843 and 0.99902 respectively meanwhile the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values obtained were 0.458 and 1.070, respectively. In the form of percentage, the MAE and RMSE values were 1.53% and 3.57%, respectively. The result indicates a highly correlation between the data input and the targeted data. Therefore, the simulation model using ANN is effective to predict compressive strength of concrete that may reduce the usage of cement, recycling option for waste material, and increase the efficiency of sampling work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the digital transformation of media collections in the library. Research that illustrates how processing collection over media, obstacles faced by the Library Service of the Province of South Sumatra. The study used a qualitative descriptive method with the aim of getting a more detailed description of the processing of collections over media. Data collection techniques in the study were carried out by observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews with the head of the library, the head of conservation, the media transfer section, and librarians. The results of the study showed that the processing of media transfer collections consisted of three stages after the media transfer. The main obstacle in processing the transfer of media is the lack of human resources that are competent in the field of media transfer besides that, inadequate facilities due to lack of available budget. Digitizing the library may help library and the users to step toward the sustainable future, because digital libraries are the future. Digital technologies consistently help to reduce paper and energy waste and decrease the overall habit of students in copying pages from the printed books. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As mankind leads into a new age of modernization, security issues and measures have become exceedingly important. Considering an educational institute or workplace, keeping one's belongings safely with a minimal interface is the need of the hour. The traditional lock and key method of keeping personal items safe is clumsy and inconvenient. The recent developments in technology have provided innovative solutions to this problem. Gone are the days of the troublesome key and lock. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), along with Internet-of-Things (IoT), is a secure, user-friendly and efficient method to safeguard things. This combination comes with advantages such as high security, simplicity, cost-effectiveness and 'misplace-proof' methodology. This paper proposes a Smart RFID-IoT based Locker system. The locker works on RFID authentication technology, which is unique to every identity card of the user. It is also enabled with Wi-Fi connectivity to facilitate continual status monitoring, user login-logoff data storage, and unauthorized access surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In various fields of computer science the word meaning has been explored. In various fields such as Smart Environment, Distributed Computing and Contextual Consciousness, context conscious devices are in popularity. Context Aware System is the new path towards the technology in Mobile Computing. This is a portable computing component where mobile apps can detect spatial data (e.g. User Place, Period of Day, nearby people, locations and user activities). Now in the era of Mobile Computing, recently we have seen the new developments in Apple iPhone-5 and Samsung Galaxy Note where they have application of Context aware System but it is not that what we call a "Killer App". Context conscious System is an old field but a rich field of research. In this paper, the difficulties and possible solutions are discussed which can serve as guidance to the developer or a researcher hoping to make an efficient Context Aware System a reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report an extremely low cost and highly efficient method for fabrication of visible light photo-detector using nano-crystalline lead sulfide (PbS) thin film. The film was fabricated on 300 GSM paper via spray pyrolysis technique at 100 °C. Structural and morphological analysis of the film confirms the nano-crystalline nature of PbS with size ∼ 50 nm and uniform coating of PbS on paper. Photo-detector devices are prepared by drawing contacts using 4B pencil on the film by keeping a gap of 1 mm between electrodes. Photo-detection property of a nano-crystalline PbS thin film under visible light illumination show linear I-V suggesting low resistive contact between graphite electrode and PbS film. The photo-sensitivity measurements reveal excellent sensitivity of ∼103 at 20 V. For this graphite/nano- PbS/paper photo-detector, the best rise and decay time is observed to be 7 and 16 ms, respectively. This simple and low cost fabrication method results in highly stable and sensitive photo-detectors device, which have fast response and decay time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and increasing every year, including in Indonesia. Promethium-149 (149Pm) is one of beta-emitting (Eβ-max of 1.07 MeV and T1/2 of 2.21 days) radiolanthanides that can be used for therapeutic application. Radioisotope of 149Pm can be produced with high specific activity that was suitable for labeling of biomolecule as a targeted radiopharmaceutical for cancer therapy. Radiochemical separation of 149Pm from irradiated of neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) target with 98.4% neodymium-148 (148Nd) isotope enrichment has been carried out based on extraction chromatography method using LN (Eichrom) resin column. The target material was irradiated at Bandung TRIGA 2000 reactor. Radiochemical purity the final product of 149PmCl3 radioisotope was determined using paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis methods. Radionuclide purity of 149PmCl3 solution was determined using a gamma-ray spectrometer equipped with HP-Ge detector and a multichannel analyzer (MCA). The results show that the optimum condition on separation of 149Pm from irradiated of Nd2O3 target with 98.4% 148Nd isotope enrichment was obtained using 1.5N HNO3 solution at temperature of 80 °C as mobile phase. The yield of 149Pm obtained from the separation was 97.8 ± 2.1%. The final product of 149PmCl3 radioisotope has physico-chemical characteristic that meet the requirements for nuclear medicine applications with radiochemical purity and radionuclide purity of 99.7 ± 0.2% and 99.9 ± 0.1%, respectively. The solution of 149PmCl3 was clear, with the pH of 1 and stable for 1.5 weeks at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, three types of recycled waste paper fibers were used to manufacture cement composites reinforced with recycled cellulosic fibers. Waste cellulosic fibers in quantity of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.% were added to cement mixtures. Physical properties such as density, water capillarity, water absorbability and thermal conductivity of fiber cement composites were studied after 28 days of hardening. However, durability of composites was tested after their water storage up to 90 days. Final results of tested properties of fiber cement composites were compared with cement reference sample without cellulosic fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene is one atom thick two dimensional material with unusual mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties. Graphene, on larger scale is produced through reduction of graphene oxide which in turn is synthesized by chemical oxidation of graphite. Generally large area graphene oxide paper can be easily fabricated by solution filtration process, spin casting method and Langmuir-Blodgett assembly. In present study graphene oxide was synthesized by modified Hummers method. Free standing graphene oxide paper (GOP) was developed by simple drying of graphene oxide suspended in water followed by reduction by thermal treatment to synthesize free standing conducting graphene paper (Thermally Reduced Graphene Paper, TRGP). Thermal reduction was carried out for 30, 60, 90 and 120min and samples referred as TRGP_30, TRGP_60, TRGP_90 and TRGP_120 respectively. XRD results show decrease in inter layer spacing (d002) from 0.87 nm to ∼0.35 nm after reduction of GO paper. This shows gradual removal of oxygen functionalities and adsorbed water during reduction. Meanwhile the size of sp2 domains of graphene also decrease as studied by Raman spectroscopy. SEM results also show change in morphology of thermally reduced graphene paper. The electrical conductivity of reduced graphene paper increases from 2.8 × 10-2 S/m for as such graphene oxide paper to 1.3 × 102 S/m for graphene paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent technology has been introduced into the paper industry that makes possible to produce paper materials by replacing the cellulose fibres by a mineral powder, achieving a more environmentally friendly product compared with conventional paper. The purpose of this work is to determine the possibilities of an air-coupled ultrasonic technique to study this kind of new materials in order to develop an ultrasonic system useful for quality control for this industry. In particular, air-coupled ultrasonic spectroscopy is specially well suited to this kind of materials because of the fact that no coupling liquid and no direct contact with the sample is employed. A through transmission technique is employed and Fourier analysis is performed to obtain both magnitude and phase spectra of the transmission coefficient. Properties in the thickness direction as well as in the paper plane are investigated. Different paper grades (from 120 to 400 g/m2) provided by Terraskin have been studied. Very high attenuation coeficientes and very low propagation velocities (and hence elastic constant) are obtained, this can be explained by considering the large porosity of this material (about 50%) and the microstrucutre: solid grains in contact with a variable amount of polymeric resin partially filling the pore space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of C-Dots from waste paper has been successfully created. A total of 5 grams of waste paper is mixed with 40 mL aquades, 30 mL H2SO4 and 50 mL NaOH 2 M. A precursor solution is prepared by adding urea in 20 ml of material. Synthesis of C-Dots done by heating the precursor hydrothermally using a furnace with three conditions, namely with 1-4 grams of urea, 20-50 minutes of synthesis time, and 150-300°C of temperature. In a variation of urea and time, the temperature is controlled at 300°C. In a variation of the time and temperature, urea is controlled at 3 grams. In a variation of the urea and temperature, time is controlled for 30 minutes. The maximum absorption C-Dots generated on the various of amount urea, temperature, and synthesis time in the range of 360-600 nm. The width of the absorbance area was increased by adding 1-3 grams of urea and were decreased when urea is added 4 grams or more. The absorbance peaks of C-dots decreases with increasing temperature synthesis. Meanwhile, an increasing of synthesis time does not affect to the width of the absorbance spectra. It precisely causes decreasing of peaks of the absorbance spectra. The functional groups present on the surfaces of C-dots can be identified by the presence of specific peaks in their FTIR spectra, i.e. N-H, C=C, C-N, and C-C at various urea, N-H, C=O, C=C and C-O at temperature and synthesis time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of C-Dots from waste paper has been successfully created. A total of 5 grams of waste paper is mixed with 40 mL aquades, 30 mL H2SO4 and 50 mL NaOH 2 M. A precursor solution is prepared by adding urea in 20 ml of material. Synthesis of C-Dots done by heating the precursor hydrothermally using a furnace with three conditions, namely with 1-4 grams of urea, 20-50 minutes of synthesis time, and 150-300°C of temperature. In a variation of urea and time, the temperature is controlled at 300°C. In a variation of the time and temperature, urea is controlled at 3 grams. In a variation of the urea and temperature, time is controlled for 30 minutes. The maximum absorption C-Dots generated on the various of amount urea, temperature, and synthesis time in the range of 360-600 nm. The width of the absorbance area was increased by adding 1-3 grams of urea and were decreased when urea is added 4 grams or more. The absorbance peaks of C-dots decreases with increasing temperature synthesis. Meanwhile, an increasing of synthesis time does not affect to the width of the absorbance spectra. It precisely causes decreasing of peaks of the absorbance spectra. The functional groups present on the surfaces of C-dots can be identified by the presence of specific peaks in their FTIR spectra, i.e. N-H, C=C, C-N, and C-C at various urea, N-H, C=O, C=C and C-O at temperature and synthesis time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One method is to cover sliding components with materials that have low friction and wear characteristics. Surface functionalization is a fast-growing field emerging subject, owing to the need for surface modification being less expensive than designing and manufacturing a whole new material, and allowing the retention of some characteristics of the initial material, such as mechanical properties. Coatings are used as an alternative in the machining process to extend tool life, improve product surface quality, and speed up production. Multilayer coatings are particularly appealing among coating design concepts because they provide for more flexibility in tailoring surface qualities. For tribological performance improvement, the ability to regulate residual stress, hardness to elasticity modulus ratio, and substrate adherence, for example, by stacking coating layers, is advantageous. In this context, multilayer coatings have sparked a surge of interest as a feasible option for minimizing friction and wear. This paper looked at the properties of multilayer coating systems for tribological applications. The purpose of this work is to investigate the performance of coated tools in the machining process. Multilayer coating, nano-coating materials, and cutting tool are some of the terms used in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many environmental damages are caused by humans, one of which is environmental damage due to waste. Waste is the residue of daily human activities. Almost all human activities produce waste, be it activities in residential areas, offices, and even activities on campus. Hasanuddin University is one of the campuses with various faculty buildings and offices that carry out various types of activities and produce various types of waste. The Faculty of Pharmacy is a faculty with a new building at Hasanuddin University. Waste management carried out by the faculty includes packaging, collection, and transportation. In contrast, waste processing is carried out, including composter, selling paper waste to waste banks, and burning dry leaf waste. To carry out good, organized, and proper waste management based on SNI 19-2454-2002, good operational waste management is needed. From the results of research and calculation of waste generation carried out under SNI-19-3964-1994, the largest composition of waste produced by the Pharmacy Faculty Building is plastic waste by 31% then followed by organic waste by 26%. The waste generation generated is 0.026 kg/person/day or 0.777 l/person/day. The waste management plan at the Faculty of Pharmacy Building is sorting, containerization, temporary collection, and transportation. For waste processing that is carried out is a composter, a plastic chopping machine, and a pyrolysis machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internet has revolutionized the system of retail shopping. People now get all the products under one roof without even visiting the store. Everything has become a one-touch process. Customers place their orders over online platform and receive the products within 7 to 8 days. Though the door delivery of goods is very useful for modern consumers, it has given rise to some serious environmental challenges due to the excessive usage of plastics. To pack the products ordered online needs a whole leap of plastic wrap, bubble sheet, thermocol sheet and the list of packaging waste is endless. Products like corrugated bubble sheet, green wrap, indented kraft paper can be focused on as eco-friendly alternatives for this ecological damage. Though there is room for sustainable modules in the fashion industry, there must be companies and people willing to take up the new ideals. Here an attempt is made to develop a cushioning material from fabric and compare its properties with bubble wrap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In cases where the country's economy is preparing for complete digitalization, the agro-industrial complex asks for a significant "reset", considering the existing threats and opportunities. This implies the diversification of academic papers with an emphasis on digital technologies, specialist training capable of working in agriculture and the processing industry on modern equipment using specialized software. The authors highlight and analyze the main trends, the focus on which will speed up the transformation of research, innovation and educational processes. The above is also true for the national projects and programs "Science and Universities", "Digital Economy", "Staff for the Digital Economy", and the departmental project "Digital Agriculture". The urgency of conducted studies and conclusions drawn by the authors is due to the following: modern agrarian science is a fusion of fundamental and applied academic and innovative research to enter the global agenda and respond to existing challenges. Therefore, agrarian science should be provided with experts in various fields who are able to formulate and solve urgent problems to meet the global trends in the agricultural development. It is impossible to make predictions regarding the digitalization efficiency of agriculture without this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of new cells beyond the normal limits. The process by which cancers invade and spread to the other organs is called metastasis, this condition became the leading cause of death. One of detection methods that are currently used to detect tumors and metastatic tissues is conducted with radiopharmaceutical of [18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-2-D-glucose ([18F] FDG). This method is quite accurate, but is relatively expensive because it needs PET / CT camera that is still limited in Indonesia. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop other imaging methods using SPECT-CT camera that is cheaper and easy to reach especially for developing countries. Labelling 2-deoxy-D-glucose with technetium-99m (99mTc) indirectly using diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as a co-ligand / bifunctional agent has been carried out. The determination of the optimum conditions for the labelling of 99mTc-DTPA-DG were done by varying the amount of reducing agent (SnCl2.2H2O), ligand (2-deoxy-D-glucose), pH, and incubation time. Radiochemical purity of 99mTc-DTPA-DG was determined by ascending paper chromatography and electrophoresis paper. The results showed that the labelling optimum conditions of 99mTc-DTPA-DG was achieved by the number of ligand 2-deoxy-D-glucose as much as 2 mg, co-ligand DTPA 750 µg, 50 µg SnCl2.2H2O, the reaction takes place at pH 6 with an incubation time of 30 min at room temperature. 99mTc-DTPA-DG has a radiochemical purity of 93.16±1.31% and the electrophoresis results showed that there is a difference between the peaks of 99mTc-DTPA-DG with other impurities including 99mTc-DTPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bitcoin in the last decade, has become increasingly popular as a form of electronic currency. This paper aims to review the status and visual map position of research in the internationally Bitcoin studies indexed Scopus that used a bibliometric positioning overview. The research was carried out using bibliometric techniques. Data analysis as well as visualization utilizing VOS Viewer program and the Scopus function for analyze search results. In this review, the details collected applied to 3,281 documents issued from 2011 through 2019. The study reveals that Bouri, E. and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Studies were the most active individual scientists and affiliated institutions in Bitcoin studies. In bitcoin studies, the Computer Science and Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes In Artificial Intelligence And Lecture Notes In Bioinformatics were the most areas of study and dissemination sources. There were one worldwide group maps with collaborative researchers. In order to identify the body of knowledge created from eight years of publication, this study constructed a convergence axis grouping comprising of bitcoin studies: Bitcoin, E-Finance, Blockchain, Privacy, Cybercrime, Computation, and Systems, abbreviated as the theme BFBPCCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heritage tourism is important from both cultural and socioeconomic standpoints. Despite the ubiquity of the Internet, some heritage sites are, for some reason, yet to take full advantage of it. Kampung Wisata Kauman in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, is one of those sites lacking in exposure and recognition, partly due to semi-traditional management in the past. This paper discusses the digital transformation in heritage tourism management of Kampung Wisata Kauman in Yogyakarta. The study starts with the problem identification as part of requirements analysis conducted with surveys, observations, and interviews, before making use of a prototyping approach with some iterations in developing a web-based tourism information system to be run by Sakawisata, the site administrator of Kampung Wisata Kauman. The resulting digital transformation is reflected in the transition in their business process that is now integrated through the system instead of recorded manually in the past. The results from functionality test through black-box approach confirmed that this system works well to streamline the process of making and managing reservations for tour packages along with all relevant actions such as payment, reschedule, cancelation, and reviews. The usability test also revealed that this system is perceived as easy to use by its users regardless of their roles in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychrophilic microorganisms, also known as cold-adapted microorganism are well distributed in the environments, can easily be differentiated from mesophiles due to their ability to grow in the low temperature. At the lower temperature, these microbes have slow metabolic rate and have high catalytic efficiency in comparison with the mesophilic counterparts. The enzymes released from those cold-loving microbes are known as cold-adapted enzymes or psychrozymes, a great player in the field of biotechnology and commercial applications. Psychrophiles have wax esters which plays key role in membrane fluidity and the cis trans polymerization in their enzymes helps in controlling protein folding rates in the low temperature and keep them active. They also contain cold shock domain, antifreeze protein. In this review we have provided most recent information on the psychrophilic microbes and their adaptive mechanisms. These cold loving microbes produce various types of cold-adapted enzymes applicable in the industrial sectors. These types of cold loving enzymes are often used in many commercial fields‟ viz. pharmacy, paper pulp, cosmetics, animal feed, detergent, textile etc. These also play a valuable role in molecular biology and in bioremediation. This article also gives an insight to the successful utilization of psychrophilic enzymes in the industrial as well as in biotechnological field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More and more advanced technologies are applied to improve the therapy quality with the unceasingof the technical progress. Bio-printing has become one of the most microfabrication methods which could be used in the fields of craniofacial transplantation, crown and tooth repair, prosthetic devices, medical equipment, organ printing, bold tissue engineering scaffold and so on. However, most of the existing bio-ink materials could have the disadvantages of poor conductivity. To solve this problem, several ways of optimizing and improving the bio-ink formula will be proposed, including electric field assisted bioprinting of cell-loaded GelMA microspheres, nano-clay-assisted 3D printing of complex bio hydrogel scaffolds, biological 3D printing with fiber microspheres, using new materials such as MC/Gelma with high shape integrity and applying HGSM in bioprinting to improve the overall properties of the product. And in this paper, GelMA ink is used as the basic material for subsequent research so that the problem of how to construct highly bioactive tissue structure to realize printing structure functionalization can be solved to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present an application of two Computational Intelligence Algorithms, namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm and Differential Evolution (DE) for finding and optimal solution to two optimization problems that occur in a paper industry. The first problem deals with the economic optimization of a hypothetical but realistic Kraft pulping process and in the second problem we have considered the optimization of Boiler load allocation problem. Both the problems form an integral part of paper making process. The simulation results show the efficiency and time effectiveness of DE and PSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive Radio (CR) is an emerging technology for efficient use of spectrum resources, to make it more energy-efficient there is a need for energy harvest cognitive radio networks (EH-CRN). In EH-CRN energy harvest uses ambient energy sources, but the random nature of sources makes the implementation of EH-CRN more difficult. Extensive research is conducted in the past few years to address the issues in the implementation of EH-CRNs. This paper reviews the previous and recent improvements in EH-CRNs and systematically presents the merits and demerits of each. Finally, this review paper is presented to help new researchers and to make them familiar with the concepts of EH- CRNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the inclination toward eating out has become a prime choice everywhere. It is the result of working parents, micro family, and disposable income. People are looking for a good time to spend and relax. Resulting in many new hotels and restaurant are coming up day by day. In this competitive environment, restaurants are suffering from low business and find it difficult to survive in the market. Restaurant management is not able to identify the drawback of its products, services, and is thriving for new strategy and development. Therefore, this paper aims to find out various customer satisfaction practices existing in the catering industry and its effect on customer satisfaction and retention. This is a review paper using secondary data analysis based on various published journals, articles collected from various leading journals in the field of hospitality and tourism. The findings of the paper are factors such as food quality and authenticity, personal touch, physical ambiance, and value for money,staff behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Test is a significant part of the teaching process. It demonstrates the final outcome of school teaching through teachers' teaching level and students' scores. The analysis of test paper is a complex operation that has the characteristics of non-linear relation in the length of the paper, time duration and the degree of difficulty. It is therefore difficult to optimize the coefficient of influence factors under different conditions in order to get text papers with clearly higher reliability with general methods [1]. With data mining techniques like Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Genetic Algorithm (GA), we can model the test paper analysis and optimize the coefficient of impact factors for higher reliability. It's easy to find that the combination of SVR and GA can get an effective advance in reliability from the test results. The optimal coefficient of influence factors optimization has a practicability in actual application, and the whole optimizing operation can offer model basis for test paper analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood fiber derived cellulose has been mainly used as the raw material in the papermaking. However, currently the paper production capacity is greater than the availability of wood. To overcome this problem, there have been many attempts to use non-wood fibers as substitutes for papermaking such as the fibrous materials derived from agriculture wastes. In this research, the paper was made from sugarcane bagasse which was previously delignified using soda process. The research was conducted by varying NaOH concentrations of 8-16%, delignification temperatures of 60-100°C and times of 30-150 min. The aim of the research was to study the effect of delignification process on physical properties of sugarcane baggase soda pulping. The results showed the increase in tensile strengths as the NaOH concentrations increased. Tensile strength was increasing up to optimum temperature and time and then decreased. The water uptake results showed the opposite tendencies with those of tensile strength. The optimum condition was achieved at the NaOH concentration of 10 %, delignification temperature of 80°C, and time of 90 min. Tensile strength and water uptake achieved at this optimum condition were 27.42 N/mm2 and 240 g/m2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lateral light scattering simulations of printed dots are analyzed using general radiative transfer theory. We investigated the appearance of a printed paper in relation to the medium parameters like thickness of the paper sample, its optical properties, and the asymmetry factor. It was found that the appearance of a print greatly depends on these factors making it either brighter or darker. A thicker substrate with higher single scattering albedo backed with an absorbing surface makes the dots brighter due to increased number of scattering events. Additionally, it is shown that the optical effects of print also depend on illuminating and viewing angles along with the depth of ink penetration. A larger single scattering angle implies less intensity and the dots appear much blurred due to the shadowing effect prominent when viewed from sides. A fully penetrated dot of the same extinction coefficient as a partial penetrated one is darker due to increased absorption. These results can be used in applications dealing with lateral light scattering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]