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A design idea for an online exam System based on VS.NET framework platform is put forward, and the key technologies such as system design, intelligent test paper generation, auto-scoring is briefly introduced. The test paper generating algorithm is analyzed in details and the model of test paper generating based on genetic algorithm is proposed in this paper.

Conventional mathematics methods are extensively adopted in the most test paper generation systems, but these methods can't deal with multi-objective optimization question of more than one constrains effectively. This paper proposes an improved parallel GA(Genetic Algorithm) with good adaptability and universal applicability, which is used in test paper generation. The experiment results indicate that the algorithm is more adaptively and faster than conventional parallel GA, and improve the intelligent level of the test paper generation system effectively.

With the rapid development of the computer technology and artificial intelligence, and the rapid improvement of Chinese educational information level, It becomes the hot focus in IT industry and education domain to achieve paperless examination and networking examination. The thesis, firstly, introduces the research background, the art of the state of the domestic and foreign research works. In the analysis of a large number of research results domestically and abroad, the thesis analyzes the algorithms for automatically constructing test papers, and establishes the mathematical model for constructing test papers automatically, whose control parameters are the types of items, the difficulty of items, the distinguishing degrees, the cognitive classification, and the time of arraying paper. The test paper based on improved genetic algorithm strategy are proposed. Since the characteristics of finding global optimal solution adaptively and the high convergence speed, The proposed algorithms solves the problem of the code length of the chromosome too long, and the difficulties to compute the fitness. The chromosome structure and fitness function are constructed and described based on the requirements of organizing test paper. The genetic operation of the problem is designed and the corresponding application software based on the genetic algorithm proposed in this thesis is programmed. It is laid a solid foundation to further improve the construction of the network item bank. Finally, the basic structure of paperless examination system is explored to determine the overall function of the paperless system and determine the direction of studying

An application-oriented e-business majored talents training mode is discussed in this paper based on an experiment. It is reported that the skills of graduates can hardly meet the demand of the enterprises. The higher education must be improved and reformed in strengthening the training of application-oriented talent. In order to enhance the students' operative ability, a substantial mode is established and put into use. The experiment based on taobao.com is implemented and discussed in this paper, including its condition, procedure and effect. In compared with merely learning knowledge from textbooks, it is no doubt that this mode is a rather feasible way to put theory into practice.

In the paper the characteristic of slime has been studied by mathematical model. Something condition may contribute to the rate of drying such as different types of slime, different particles, different drying temperatures and different dry air volume. Then according to the theoretical analysis of the impact of the factors, some suggestion can be obtained to enhance the drying efficiency of slime.

E-government makes user get government information more and more conveniently. However, user is often drown in information. Therefore, e-government attempt to offer more convenience through personalized information. Association rules mining is a good tool to provide personalized information. This paper discussed e-government concept and types, then put forward one method to provide personalized information in e-government with association rules mining. An example was also presented in this paper.

An index system is built including five main indexes, high economy efficiency, advanced technology, scientific organizational management, sustainable development mode and industry security. The stochastic simulation solution method of comprehensive evaluation is used to do the empirical study on seven equipment manufacturing industries from the year of 2005 to 2007 in the paper. Based on the evaluation results, four forms of seven equipment industries' advanced nature development are put forward in the paper including strong-equilibrium, weak-equilibrium, strong-disequilibrium and weak-disequilibrium.

Requirement development for software project is the key to success, but the key of requirement development is the effective flow of knowledge between software demand-side and software development-side. From the perspective of knowledge flow mechanism, this paper analyzes the knowledge level and difference of knowledge power, and studies channels and ways of the requirements development knowledge flow and the principle and characteristics of knowledge flow. Besides, the efficiency of knowledge flow is discussed, and this paper puts forward some knowledge flow efficiency evaluation index for requirement development.

In recent years, the Microblog has become an important role in advocating campaign of government. In this paper, the authors utilized the principal-agent theory, which is the core concept in Information Economics, combine it with interest game and policy implementation, and form the perspective of Game Theory, both from central and local governments, so as to analyze the problem in China's democratic supervision and different responses. The paper draws the conclusion that Microblog will bring a completely revolution to break the information asymmetry and incentive incompatibility in the procedure of democratic supervision. Based on the above analysis, combining with the characteristics of Microblog, the paper gives some suggestions to improve government's communicating skills and keep away the moral hazard and the adverse selection in policy making.

Housing provident fund, as the main part of China urban housing security system, provides the housing security mainly by drawing and loans. This paper estimates the total difference, regional difference and area inner difference through the estimation and decomposion of theil index. The results show that there exists very big difference in housing security development of Jiangsu housing provident fund, and its determinant is the big gap among southern Jiangsu, middle Jiangsu and north Jiangsu. This paper suggests that the government should pay attention to area coordinated growth and take different measures according to circumstances in the implement of housing provident fund.

Be based on the data about High-tech Industries of thirty provinces in China, this paper analyzes dynamic trend and regional differences in virtue of Malmquist in data envelopment analysis. The measurement of this paper has obtained some valuable conclusion, and gives some suggestion.

In the replacing market, diffusion of information product is influenced by users' interaction and cooperating function between the complementary software and hardware. Therefore, this paper creates the direct network effect function which is based on the interpersonal relationship, and the indirect network effect function which is composed by the utility of the software and hardware. Based on the scale-free social network and the economic analysis of network effect, as well as the decision-making transfer function, this paper simulates the microcosmic diffusion process upon the user's utility. The simulation result demonstrates: Due to the network effect, it will appear the phenomenon that old and new product will coexist in the replacing market. The number of initial subscribers and the interaction plays important part in the takeoff time and amount of diffusion. After the takeoff threshold, the indirect network effect determines the market share of the new product.

According to the survey data, the paper which is based on constitute, quantity, distribution and quality of forestry human resources uses coefficient equation on human resources competency designed by Chinese Academy of Sciences to measure the competency level of 2008 Harbin forestry human resources. The results show that our human resources competency of forestry is in a medium level (14.17) on existing employed person. Finally, the paper puts forward to effective countermeasures to enhance the competency of human resources in forestry, such as the establishment of the lifetime proposed system of forest to capacity-building at the core, developing on-job training and continuing education, enhancing reserves of forestry human resources, increasing investment and promoting growth of forestry human capital.

This paper discusses the necessity of carrying out the risk management of mining construction projects which on the basis of analyzing the status and the characteristics of mining construction project. The whole process of risk management implementation plan has been developed from the objectives, methods, procedures and other aspects of the mining construction projects risk management. Above that the paper suggests using questionnaire survey, expert investigation and full interviews to carry out the project risk identification work of mining construction projects. After that, the paper discusses the basis process of risk warning on the mining construction projects. The results provide necessary reference for the mining project risk management and thus help to improve the level of mining construction project risk management and to reduce the risk losses.

With the development of technology, mobile commerce become the hot issues after electronic commerce. The communication platform is the base in electronic and mobile commerce. The paper develops a five-dimension framework for evaluating the communication platforms which features reach, richness, cost, privacy and security of communications. Based on the five-dimension evaluating framework the paper makes a comparative study. The study compares the factors which impeded the electronic commerce and mobile commerce. By the study, the author finds that, compared with electronic commerce, the mobile commerce also have great reach but lack of communication richness and the security; and the cost of mobile commerce is also expensive than electronic commerce. While, the paper forecast that the security and the cost of mobile commerce may be improved after the use of 3G technology in the future.

The FastICA algorithm and the natural gradient algorithm is widely used in blind signal separation, as the two more popular algorithms in the areas of the ICA, because they can find implicit in the observation data in the independent component. However, they each have drawback, such as, online data processing and mass data(such as image data)processing tasks, we need that FastICA algorithm is faster and more efficient; the same time we also hope that the nature gradient algorithm can not only deal with symmetric distribution of the signal, but also asymmetrical distribution of the signal. Therefore, this paper establishes a fifth-order convergence of the Newton iterative algorithm as a basis for improvement of the FastICA algorithm; farther more the paper also gives an improved natural gradient method which is used for symmetrical distribution of the signal and asymmetrical distribution of the signal.

The development of nuclear power aims to lower the energy crisis, ensure energy safety and keep economy development. However, nuclear ethic problems have been the focus of publication attention while nuclear power brings more and more benefits. Based on review of research papers, public participation is necessary and important for the ethic development of nuclear power. With the cases study, the paper put forwards the four ethic principle (decision-making participation; participation generally, information transparent, rights and interests assure) and three ethic problems (public cognition of nuclear power development; Publicity of nuclear power development, public participation nuclear power program life cycle) for nuclear power healthy development in view of public participation.

The contradiction between the public article character of knowledge products which are the main achievements of independent innovation and the market character of enterprises which are the main bodies investing R&D fund results in R&D financing is out of market order. And this brings out the problems of R&D fund serious insufficiency and slow increase. Based on public article supplying theory and government intervening theory, this paper suggests to collect R&D tax which is governments' intervening behavior to solve the problem of R&D market financing inefficiency to promote the level of the independent innovation of automobile industry. This paper also carries out the main contents of R&D Tax and analyses the anticipated profits of collect R&D tax.

To adapt to the change of market environment, the executives needed a way of team's functioning that was more flexible. Based on scholars existing research results, this paper had divided the system main factor of the top management team into team constituent elements and team process elements and proposed the integrated model of the top management team under the guidance of system theory. This paper had proposed the thinking and methods of recombining the constituent elements from the goals integration, the resource integration, the information integration and knowledge integration four aspects and constructed the process synergies relationship of top management team from team reliance management, study management, conflict management and encouragement management four aspects to realize the combining organically of the top management team system.

E-commerce pattern has been a hot research theoretically and practically. Most agricultural enterprise and their information system in Sichuan province suffer a heavy damage in earthquake. The reconstruction of the information system plays an important role in construction of enterprise informatization. Firstly, the atomic pattern theory is introduced and its advantages are analyzed in this paper. Secondly, by expanding the pattern of business agency network, the new e-business pattern of agricultural enterprises is presented. Finally, this paper analyzes the pattern elements, including its component, core competitive ability, the key success factors and the technical guarantees.

Knowledge sharing has been the key to being competitive, and to making the enterprises maintain the capability of continuous innovation. In this paper, an analytical framework based on competitive advantage of knowledge sharing between organizations and the compromises in order to share knowledge was proposed. Firstly, the various acts and the costs that can achieve knowledge sharing between the organizations are discussed. Secondly, the critical factors about a competitive advantage which is brought by knowledge sharing are sought. Finally, the costs of knowledge sharing are corrected. The contribution of this paper is that a method of identifying knowledge sharing opportunities is proposed accurately, which is very helpful for managers to make better judgments of potential benefits of identifying the knowledge sharing.

The logistics industry is the foundation and guarantee of the rapid development of manufacturing industry, and the manufacturing industry makes a huge demand for the development of logistics industry, therefore, it shows coordinated development trend between manufacturing industry and logistics. Using Logistic model, this paper gives quantitative research in the impact of Chinese manufacturing industry in driving the development of logistics industry and the impact of Chinese logistics in promoting the development of manufactory industry, which is an empirical of coordinated development between Chinese manufacturing industry and logistics. The paper also raises some suggestions to accelerate the development between Chinese manufacturing industry and logistics.

That manufacturing enterprise to participate in horizontal merger and acquisition(M&A) will influence not only enterprise scale but also supply chain structure, and will lead to supply chain cost change. This paper analyzes the restructuring of supply chain and its impact on supply in horizontal M&A. Grounded on sample from horizontal M&A cases of China's listed companies in manufacturing industry, the paper studies the change of supply-chain structure. And it tests the relationship between supply chain structure and supply chain cost. This study provides some references to the decision-making of horizontal M&A.

In recent years, home appliance manufacturing industry has become one of the pillar industries in Shandong Province. However, due to the declining corporate profits, home appliance industry has transferred to other provinces that have more favorable policies and better supporting conditions. And that make its leading-edge gradually weakened in china. This paper acquires dates of the home appliance manufacturing and related business over decades years from Shandong Statistical Yearbook, applying complex network theory and Pajek software to carry out the research on home appliance industry with characteristics of mathematics and statistics such as distribution, the average path Length and aggregation coefficient. This paper gave an explanation on how to reach the higher evolution with the effect of inclusive and outside environment. It can give much more theoretic support for the development of home appliance industry and also has some referential value in guiding the practice of regional industrial development. In addition, positive analyses through web survey research prove that the research results are basically the same as actual situation. This actually has some referential value to the development of Shandong Province's home appliance industry chain.

Mobile internet music services is an important direction for telecom operators' business development. This paper describes the business model of mobile internet music services in detail by adopting e3-value method, which defines how economic value is created, exchanged and consumed within a network of actors. In this paper, we define, derive and analyze multi-enterprise relationships, and we re-position the actors in the industry value chain. Combining with a practical case, we do structural analysis and value estimate, seeking to improve the existing business model and to find innovative measures.

With the maturing of information technology, people have begun to explore and discover information technology using value in the higher level. It is expected that through a combination of artificial intelligence and data mining theory, information technology can provide a more efficient discovery, dissemination and sharing of knowledge method, and exert their fullest potential. All the aspect of these complex applications is summarized as "Knowledge Management". However, the practical application of information technology can really reach the level defined by the concept? Is the concept reasonable? What is its mislead in reality? It is precisely based on these queries, this paper explore the significance of the concept "Knowledge Management". From the characteristics that "knowledge" is itself abstract and difficult to grasp, this paper proposed and demonstrated the argument that the "knowledge management" is a concept speculation.

Mobile advertisement is billing information disseminated by mobile media, which aims to sale products and service by influencing users' attitude, intention and behavior. In this paper, the mobile advertisement refers to the advertisements sent to consumers'cellphones in the form of Short Message, which broadly exists in mobile marketing. With the rapid rise of the mobile internet business, mobile advertisement will certainly be a powerful tool in mobile marketing. However, few research articles reveal the factors valued mostly in the mobile advertisement, which not only impedes the development of mobile advertisement, but also goes against to form the value chain of the mobile business. Thus, this paper establishes value model of mobile advertisement, analyzes and tests the effect of each factor which affects the value of mobile advertisement. The results show that reliability influences the value of mobile advertisement mostly. Advertisements with high sending frequency and advertisements without permission will make the value of mobile advertisement decrease.

Based on the evolution of enterprise informatization and its variation characteristics, this paper offers an insight into enterprise informatizaion's impact on corporate strategy in accordance to library and empirical research. In the light of the “four elements of strategy” theory, which was put forward by Ansoff, corporate strategy has been decomposed to discuss elements effected by enterprise informatization on each stage. The results show that the impacts on corporate strategy increase with the upgrading of informatization, and the third stage has the most significant increase. Then the theory research result is verified and amended by the survey of 79 enterprises' senior and middle management staff. Besides, the trajectory of influence changes of informatization on strategy and its characteristics are also derived from the survey. All in all, the research results of this paper provide reference to corporate strategy planning and mastering the laws of enterprise informatization's development.

This paper narrates Mitchell's method for classification of performance examination subjects, briefly analyzes examination subjects for environmental performance of local Party and government leaders, and classifies them into latent stakeholders (including dormant stakeholders, or possible stakeholders and requirement stakeholders), expectant stakeholders (including key stakeholders, subordinate stakeholders and dangerous stakeholders), and authoritative stakeholders, etc.; meanwhile, it also analyzes relationship between evaluation results and its credibility for the examination subjects of different leaders; finally, this paper concludes that bigger degree of interest correlation between examination subjects and objects causes more unbelievable evaluation results.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the quality of carbon information disclosure in the listed companies in China. In addition to analyze the disclosures made by three Chinese listed companies to the 2009 Carbon Disclosure Projects (Only these three companies' information is publicly available), the paper also analyzes the carbon information disclosure of 70 listed companies from different industries in the Shanghai Securities Exchange. The effective laws, regulations and guidelines related to the environmental information disclosure are examined as well. The findings are as follows. Firstly, how to disclose the carbon information is seldom considered in the effective laws, regulations and guidelines. Secondly, the meaningful information is not fully disclosed. Thirdly, there is inconsistent as far as how companies address this subject in their filings of annual reports, social responsibility reports, sustainable development reports and CDP questionnaires is concerned. The practical implication is that the majority of listed companies in China do not voluntarily disclose carbon information makes it difficult for stakeholders to assess how the companies will be affected by risks related to climate change. Therefore, regulatory authorities should clarify the application of existing law to the disclosure of carbon information, the development of mandatory disclosure standards at the corporate level should be considered, and it is necessary for companies to develop carbon reduction strategy and realize the importance of carbon information disclosure.

This paper defines the meaning of scientific research team, and selects the WISE Laboratory in Dalian University of Technology as a research team sample. By constructing a multi-value matrix and co-operation network, this paper apply social network analysis to analyze the close degree of cooperation in research team sample. This paper uses a method which contains six indicators — network structure, network density, compactness, average distance between points, cliques analysis and centrality analysis to evaluate the internal close degree of cooperation in research team. From the analysis results, authors find that these six indicators can better reflect and explain the close degree of cooperation in research team, and conclude the network characteristics in a research team with high internal close degree of cooperation.

This paper introduces firewall technology in the area of the information security in website of B2B service provider. It proposes packet filtering technology based on state inspection to stop various attacks and improve the efficiency of packet filtering, which contains state records. The packet filtering technology monitors the data by means of recording and tracking the state of information. Finally, this paper probes into the application of this technology in B2B trading mode.

No corporation can gain significant development without profit-making methods, so do third-party payment corporations. Even though third-party payment corporations have huge user group, effective profit mode is still the precondition for the corporations to create greater service value. This paper analyzes the broad prospects of third-party payment platforms, and divides its current profit mode into two stages, i.e., absolutely-free mode to partially-charged mode. Finally, this paper raises four innovative profit modes for third-party payment platform.

This paper studies the financing mechanism of those infrastructure projects which need to be subsidized by the government, are marketable and endowed with quasi-public characters. By model analysis, this paper studies the dynamic game process of complete information between the government and investors, as well as the cooperative game process between the investors and the banks.

To develop “Carbon finance” is the only way for the financial industry to go to support low carbon economy. As an emerging type of finance for environmental protection and energy conservation, carbon finance has a promising future in potential financial returns. Firstly, this paper outlines carbon finance background and carbon trading market system by analyzing the global carbon finance market structure and the domestic status in carbon finance. Finally, considering the problems in the development China's carbon finance industry, the paper proposes some strategies, hoping to help promote the right to speak of China in the field of carbon trading.

It is a hot topic for enterprises informatization how to fully evaluate on information — application and how to formulate dynamically — sustained improved plan. Based on research on related documents, this paper expatiates first on factors influencing information performance. In order to avoid subjectivity of assessment and evaluate from economic, managerial performance aspects, this paper provides the assessment of informatization performance based on two methods: AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process)and FCE(fuzzy comprehensive evaluation). Also, it constructs empirical modeling of a certain manufacturing enterprise and makes further effort on analysis of informatization performance. In this empirical modeling, some related data are provided by expert and finally result is worked out, with the result proving method's valuable significance and operability.

In order to examine whether there is profit characteristic in Chinese low-profits companies. This paper conducted a survey on the related listed companies in Chinese A-share market. We extract a number of profit targets based on the financial statement, and analyses the financial data of listed companies in 2007–2009. The results show some characteristics of these companies. Finally, the paper makes recommendations for improvement the earning structural weaknesses are proposed.

The paper analyse concept, characters, classification, function of campus emergency. Based on theories of risk management and emergency management, the paper design system of campus emergency risk identification and give methods and model of campus emergency risk estimation, by this way universities will build emergency systems.

In order to identify the relative influential factors about employees' psychological boundary, a structural equation model (SEM) is used in the paper. By introducing the research achievements in the field, the paper analyzed and put forward the main idea of the paper, then solved the problem by SEM. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The paper analyzed data with SPSS and AMOS. The result shows that three factors structure is better to explain identity of the boundary. Furthermore, the paper names the three factors, that is, organizational environment, personality and management rules and regulation. Finally, the paper ranks the relative importance to the boundary. The three factors model can felicitously interpret the influential factors of employees' psychological boundary.

In order to solve the low level of technology, high repetition rate, low rate of Conversion of technological achievements, and other similar problems in Chinese agricultural industry. This pape builds a link mechanism between the demand and supply sides of technology about Chinese agricultural industry. Different from previous studies, this paper narrows the scope of the integration of the agricultural industrial chain and technology chain into two-dimensional framework. Around the core of Technological innovation and the construction of modern agricultural technology chain, focused on the integration issues and relevant actors' behavior in agricultural industrial chain and the agricultural technology chain. This paper extends the existed integration theory of agricultural industry chain, builds the integration model, and the integration processes, mechanism of agricultural industry chain and technology chain were analyzed.

This paper discusses the institutional framework to disaster management in China. Because disaster never happened obey the boundary of manmade, so we view this framework in an angle of inter-governmental relationships. The central government plays a leading role in this framework while the local governments play passive role. There is no communication mechanism between local governments except the coordination from the central government. This is an efficient system design. However in the same time the weaknesses of this system are also evident for example the lack of initiative of local governments, the high cost of information transmit and etc. Based on these analyses this paper suggests that we should construct a disaster management framework which based on law and would have a communion of interests between all the governments.

With the development of our country undertaking the international transfer of the service, more and more attention has been paid to the ability of undertaking the international transfer of the service. Firstly, the paper analyzes the influence factors of the China's ability of undertaking the international transfer of the service from the theoretical and empirical aspects, and then, compared with the India's undertaking ability, the paper identifies our strengths and shortages in this area which provides reference to enhance our country's ability.

In order to make the minimum living standard security system develop evenly throughout the country, the financial transfer payment between the governments at different levels has to play a more active role, especially the central authorities should provide more funds. Hence, to proceed from the purposes that arouse the local governments' enthusiasm of developing the minimum living standard security system and make the minimum living standard security system develop evenly throughout the country, this paper puts forward a mechanism for determining the financial transfer payment from the central finance to the local finances, and analyses its applications. Although there are some aspects in this paper need further investigation in depth, the issues and the ideas on solving the problem that this paper suggests will contribute to promoting solving the problem, thereby promote a sound progress of the minimum living standard security system.

This paper uses a modified DEA Model to make an assessment of Chinese enterprises' research and development activity of thirty-one areas in 2009. The result shows (1)R&D enterprises exhibiting in most areas is DRS. (2)The efficiency of enterprises' R&D is approximately consistent to the level of that area's economy development. (3) The scale efficiency changes a little in different regions while the technical efficiency changes much. Based on these findings, this paper gives the direction to improve enterprises' performance.

The development of 3C technology (computer technology, communications technology and control technology) has a great influence on the human society and home life. This paper briefly introduces intelligent home system, and focuses on the wireless communications technology, a core technology in intelligent home. This paper introduces several common wireless communications technology and gives an analysis of the existing problems of current wireless communications technology.

Based on the legitimacy of legal protection for network virtual identities in the real world, this paper analyses the legal nature and classification of those virtual objects created by network virtual identities. Considering that there is no inheritance legal relationship in real world governing the legacy and abandon of those virtual objects, such as user ID and password in virtual world, this paper studies the legal relationship and legal risk of the "Digital Heritage Inheritance" service in E-commerce areas.

The impact of the large aircraft project, a national strategy, on China national economy and other industries has not being quantitative researched. This paper construct a CGE model to analysis the impact of large aircraft investment on national economy and other industries. This paper setup a social accounting matrix based on the statistical data of the year 2007. The simulation scenario is increasing the investment of large aircraft, the objective is to observe the output of the national economy and other industries. The result show that the GDP, primary industry, secondary industry, aircraft manufacturing industry, tertiary industry and airline industry are all be enhanced by this increase.

This paper discusses the bank lending channel in China. Through VAR analysis, this paper finds that the bank lending channel is relevant in transmitting monetary policies: both bank loans and GDP decrease after an interest rate decrease; we also show that securities are regarded as a “buffer stock” in banks to offset monetary shocks. This paper also highlights a “puzzle”: The decreasing of bank loans cannot quickly affect real GDP. In order to explain this puzzle, from the perspective of financing channels, this paper finds that the development of informal finance in China shows an important reason to restrict the effectiveness of the credit channel in transmitting monetary policy: through a model in which informal finance is included, this paper finds that a contractionary monetary policy will reduce the threshold so that the firms with lower assets can get the informal finance to carry out their projects. The existence of a great amount of informal financing in China has reduced the ability of monetary policy to control the economy.

Housing Provident Fund (HPF) has been now imple­mented in most cities in China, while there are some variations in the operation of HPF scheme, especially in the debates of HPF operating efficiency. This paper, based on the input-output, chooses the contributing capital, the repayment of loan principal and the contributing persons as input index, the total captial for drawing and loaning, the number of loaning persons as output index, and sets up the DEA model of HPF system. Then, using the DEA model, this paper evaluates the operating efficiency of Shanghai HPF scheme from 1999 to 2009 year, measures annual relative efficiency value, analyzes the results in the efficacy and puts forward some suggestions to improve its efficiency.

Online collaborative learning is an effective approach of learning, and e-tutor plays a vital role in the success of online learning. This paper first reviewed the relevant study on e-tutor's roles in online learning and proposes that it is through discourse that e-tutor builds his identity and realizes his role. Based on an online collaborative course delivered by Blackboard, the paper discusses in detail how the e-tutor orientated and performed role as supporter, facilitator and group member. The discourse strategies that the e-tutor employed are also discussed with the discourse example.