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The article presents a historiographic review of "Siberia: XX Century". This interuniversity collection of research papers was published in Kemerovo in 1997–2007. Based on standard research methods and special historical and historiographic principles, the authors analyzed the periodical as a complex historiographic source. The quantitative analysis made it possible to calculate the ratio of the special issues, to assess the editorial board and authors, to describe the research subjects, etc. The semantic analysis was based on the content analysis, which also revealed to what degree the authors of the journal participated in the historical discourse. The paper features retrospective and prospective analyzes of the main research works of the leading Siberian scientists published in "Siberia: XX Century". The research objective was to identify the patterns of the current historiographic situation based on the state of knowledge of the key historical processes in Siberia.

The content of the article up consists in methodological reflections about general principles of experimenting in linguistics on the whole and in Russian linguistics in particular. In this regard the article deals with the studies which are within the tradition starting in the works of I. A. Baudeuine de Courtenay, L. V. Sherba and other linguists who thought the address to the language consciousness (language feeling) to give the relevant information about the language itself. The other line is the reflection over axiomatization and absolutization of this principle in modern anthropocentric linguistics. Though these two lines present different subjects coming from different sources and different research presumptions, they are put in close connection and interrelation. In conclusion, the author states that a full and deep view of language cannot be created without studies based on the other contrary presumption.

The paper sums up the experimental linguistic research of Russian words and texts carried out by the group of Western Siberia linguists under the supervision of the author of this paper. The experiments were based on different materials, they used different forms and ways of experimenting. The paper presents the attempt of realizing and reflecting their set as some entity united by the main principles of making experiments and peculiarities of their realization in hindsight. The paper presents two directions: methodical and methodological. The first direction, presented in Paper 1, consists in the collection and systematization of the positive experience of particular experimenting. As a result of its realization the following principles of experimenting are pointed out and described: word inclusion into the context; seriality; paradigmatic and syntagmatic organization; approximation of the experimental situation to the real speech situations. According to the author, such generalizations can be useful for other researchers to conduct similar experiments.

The paper is the third part of the author’s publications cycle devoted to professional stability of future teachers. The paper deals with the analysis of one of the approaches to professional consistency of a teacher and its constituent elements (such as motivational, emotional, cognitive, professional-pedagogical and others).The paper touches upon the analysis of the reason for mixing the concepts ‘stability’ and ‘consistency’ in the scientific literature and their synonymous use; the concept ‘stability’ is studied in the field of the sciences that do not identify‘stability’ as ‘consistency’, but use them independently of each other (particularly, sociology, ecology).

This paper is the first part of the author’s publications cycle devoted to professional stability of future teachers. The article deals with analyzing the essence of the notion of stability/consistency from the position of various sciences: philosophy, mechanics, mathematics, cybernetics, physics, sociology, ecology, psychology. Stability/consistency is considered as a characteristic feature of objects, mechanical and natural systems and their conditions, as a personal characteristic.

The paper addresses a vital issue of forming idioms with nominations of human body. Human body-related words nominating body parts, physiological and mental processes are used to form numerous English idioms. In given paper these idioms are referred to as human body-related. The paper aims at revealing the specifics of lexical and semantic constituents of the idioms with reference to their contexts. We collected 200 human body-related English idioms from academic books and dictionaries. The research comprised four stages. The thematic classification based on the lexical structure of the idioms revealed prevalence of the idioms comprising words head, eyes, heart, back, foot, and hand. The similarities found in the meanings of all the idioms under study provided semantic classification into five groups, namely, characteristics, action, state, causation, and ability. Next we focused on contextual and semantic specifics of the idioms. In particular, the idioms, containing the word head were studied in the texts of the British National Corpus. The contexts provided the following additional meanings of the idioms: higher position, achievements, location, expenses, and inability to do something. The revealed collocations follow AV+K type. The obtained results and developed algorithm may be applied to lexical and contextual studies of idioms and lexical groups.

The present research featured the cultural and chronological context of the Oglakhty-Tom petroglyphs found in the lower valley of the Tom river. The author compiled a complete list of geometric petroglyphs of South Siberia, as well as a series of representational parallels that can help to date geometric zoomorph characters carved by the Bronze Age peoples of West Siberia. The author also illustrated some representational parallels for geometric petroglyphs from the early Andronian period found in the Vasyugan complex and the Lugavskoye burial mound in the Middle Yenisei. The paper introduces some results of carbon dating for these petroglyphs. The author detected some new archaeologic and petroglyphic complexes in the Lower Tom that go back to the epoch between Early Andronian time and the Bronze Age. He established the connection between the geometric petroglyphs and the Early Andronian complex in the Lower Tom, while the Minor Tuva-Altai petroglyphs proved to be as old as the Early Seyma-Turbino period. The paper contains palimpsests and ritual assemblages that prove that Oglakhty-Tom and Late Angara petroglyphs once co-existed. The author believes that the geometric petroglyphs and the realistic Late Angara petroglyphs date back to the same Early Andronian communities. The research also traces back various sources of these art traditions.

The paper deals with modern aspects of terminology in film industry. The paper aims at the study of the linguistic and extralinguistic levels of film terminology in the professional dialect of filmmakers and general strata of the language. The broader context of the film discourse viewed as a complex communicative issue requires simplified understanding among professionals, as well as during interaction between filmmakers and cinephiles. The author believes that there are two sources of film neologisms, connected with the appearance of new artifacts and adaptation of cinema terms in the interpretative discourse. The method of continuous sampling from modern cinema magazines provided a copious terminological material, which was afterwards studied by means of stylistic, word-building, and axiological analysis. The material demonstrated that modern film industry uses several ways of terminologisation, thus diminishing the distance to the general spoken language. They include simplification, abbreviation, imagery, string terms, holophrasis, blending, and rhymed terminological units. The new means of terminological innovation revealed a trend to conserve the term’s meaning while rendering the term with the additional meaningful or image element, which would facilitate its comprehension in intense communication. The means of terminological innovation were aimed at increasing simplicity, aesthetism, beautification, and irony, as well as invigorating dead imagery, expressing a new concept, and creating euphemisation. The determinologisation of the semantic sphere of cinema was supported by multiple examples and revealed great public and scientific interest to this sphere, indicating continuous productive innovational processes in cinema terminology.

The present research deals with methodical and methodological issues of the study of post-Medieval archaeological sites. The paper focuses on the features of related field and research lab work. The author believes that archeology plays an accessory role in Modern-Time studies, which was a period of radical changes in the demographic and a political situation of Siberia. These conditions triggered the development of new socio-territorial groups, which became involved in the globalization process. Therefore, regional historical problems can be resolved only taking into account a broad historical background. The postMedieval archeology can significantly expand the range of sources for historians and ethnographers. However, the approach requires interdisciplinary interaction. Post-Medieval archeology can be successful only if it solves the tasks formulated by historians. The author proposes a comprehensive program for the accumulation and analysis of archaeological materials. The paper features the case of Modern-Time sites of the Tom River basin, namely the transformation of cultural complexes of the indigenous inhabitants of the Tom River basin in the XVII–XVIII centuries. This process was affected by various groups of Russian settlers and some Sayan-Altai ethnic groups. Therefore, the area of interest of archeology of the Modern Time is wider than "the Russian archeology" that developed in the recent years. As a result, post-Medieval archeology programs require a new methodical and methodological apparatus for scientific research and personnel training.

The research substantiates the role of clinical psychologists in the system of comprehensive rehabilitation within the conditions of bio-psychosocial model of rehabilitation. Practical experience and the analysis of scientific literature made it possible to describe peculiarities of modern complex rehabilitation and the problems experienced by clinical psychologists. The authors determined difficulties and characteristics of professional work of rehabilitation psychologist within modern legal terrain. One problem is the lack of professional standard for the profession of clinical psychologist. The other problem is the inconsistency in the use of terms denoting professional specifics. Тhe paper focuses on the specificity of psychodiagnostic and rehabilitative work of a psychologist in the light of changing theoretical basis of rehabilitation and the transition from the International Classification of Disability Disorders and Social Insufficiency to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. The authors showed the discrepancy between the theoretical approaches of domestic and foreign psychology to the assessment of mental disorders. New professional tasks of the psychologist are defined taking into account multidisciplinary orientation of rehabilitation process. The paper describes the problems of professional training of clinical psychologists and specifies new educational tasks are specified proceeding from the modern approach to rehabilitation. Positive dynamics in the solution of the declared problem can be found in new legislative initiatives, development of General clinical recommendations for rehabilitation psychologists, scientific publications on psychological rehabilitation, update of educational programs for training clinical psychologists.

The research featured the implementation of state ideology and legal policy during the World War II. The present paper describes the case of the Altai Territory, where the local militia forces had to struggle against anti-Soviet propaganda and provocative rumors in 1941–1942. The study helped to identify the main reasons that led to such manifestations: the critical situation at the front during the early period of the war; lack of media information about the real state of affairs; distorted information that the disoriented evacuees shared with the local people. Archival materials helped to shed light on the basic forms and methods which the local militia used to combat the rumors. The paper focuses on the means of identification of sources of anti-Soviet propaganda, as well as the peculiarities of criminal prosecution in such cases. During the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945), the militia used various forms and methods to identify sources of anti-Soviet propaganda and provocative rumors. The analysis showed that the militia thoroughly investigated each case, revealing the initial source of anonymous information.

The present research featured legal concepts and terms in legislative texts. The paper focuses on various approaches to legal concepts and terms, e.g. logical-hierarchical, definitional, structural-semantic, etc. The author proved that the concepts of legal term and legal concept are often synonymous. They have the same nominative function, verbal expression, modification procedure, and variability. In addition, both terms possess legislative definitions. As a result, a legislative text can be understood in broad and narrow sense. The study touched upon the following issues: (a) the institutional functions of legislative definitions (interpretative, differentiating, legal, system-forming); (b) the location of the definition within the legislative text; (c) the main methods for constructing a legislative definition (lists, descriptions, combinations) and defective legislative definitions. The paper describes reasons for the ambiguity of legal concepts (terms) and the variability of their legislative definitions. The research was based on the texts of Russian federal and regional laws, legal dictionaries, and judicial practice. The methods included discursive, categorical, and definitional approaches, as well as induction and deduction and contextual, component, comparative analyzes. The obtained results and conclusions may be used in legislative text studies, as well as by experts in legislative and judicial discourse.

The present article introduces a new complex approach to the Russian rural settlements of the XVII – early XX centuries in the Middle Tom' Region basin. The approach unites historical, archaeological, and ethnographic researches for a detailed reconstruction of the process of Russian colonization in the region and its reflection in the local material culture. A thorough analysis of historical documentation made it possible to describe the development of the peasant population in the Middle Tom' Region valley. The four stages of this process are different in growth rates, as well as in the priority role of the southern and northern zones of the region. The XVII century saw the most active process of rural development in Sosnovsk area, while the settlements of Kuznetsk area appeared mostly in the first half of the XVIII century. The growth rate in the north and south areas began to level in the second half of the XVIII century – early XIX century. There were no changes in the total number of settlements registered after the middle of the XIX century. The paper also features a brief analysis of archaeological studies of the rural settlements in Western Siberia. The authors believe that the Middle Tom' Region basin still remain largely understudied. The paper contains a catalog of the local archaeological monuments of the Early Modern Period. The catalog is based on the coverage degree, historical identification, and their protection status. The research revealed a certain territorial disproportion in the number of registered archeological monuments. The authors propose some new directions for further studies of the history and culture of the Russian population in the Middle Tom' Region basin.

The paper features some aspects of Chinese colonization policy in the Mongolian North in the early XX century. There have been publications on the issue; however, they fail to provide a full coverage of the period, and no serious comprehensive study has ever been performed. In this regard, documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation can contribute to the comprehensive study of the topic. The documents are mostly represented by trip reports to Manchuria in the first quarter of the XX century. The article describes a document about a little known event of the period in question: the trip made by the Chinese Minister of Colonies Prince Su to the territory of South-Eastern Mongolia (North-Eastern China). The author also analyzed the related conclusions made by the Actual State Councilor D. D. Pokotilov, the Extraordinary Envoy and Plenipotentiary Minister in Beijing. The paper also contains a revision of Chinese colonial policy in the Mongolian lands, made by Prince Su in his report to the Chinese authorities. The beginning of the XX century became the climax of the Chinese colonization on the territory in question. This period is also associated with the expansion of Russian influence on the territory of the Sino-Eastern railway right of way. Nevertheless, a complete picture of Chinese colonization requires further studies of archival sources.

The present research features project thinking in relation to the realities of the modern dynamic and non-predetermined world. The author specifies the need for a fundamentally new understanding of the essence of the processes that make up the substantial foundation of project thinking as the competence of a modern manager in the logic of project management. The paper describes various aspects of the application of project thinking in various, primarily humanitarian, areas of scientific knowledge. It introduces an attempt to specify the definition of project thinking with due account of the modern requirements for a company manager. The author describes the problems of studying project thinking in modern psychological science and points to the methodological inconsistency of the linear, eclectic conception of project thinking that does not take into account the system-synergetic features of this phenomenon. For instance, the inability of the old linear-eclectic model of project thinking to explain that a subject of project activity cannot create and effectively implement a project in an application area even if the subject of project activity has a high efficiency of separated components of project thinking. The paper gives an outline of the methodological abilities of the system approach and synergetic approach in relation to the study of project thinking, as well as delimited synergic and synergistic comprehension of complicated processes, including psychological processes in relation to project thinking. Finally, the author identifies the problems associated with the consideration of project thinking through the prism of the system and synergistic approaches and proposes some instrumental ways to overcome these difficulties.

The paper presents an analysis of opportunities of a team approach in support of primary school pupils with learning difficulties and maladjustment. It describes the possibilities of neuropsychological approach in conjunction with the team method of work. The authors introduced stages of the diagnostic and remedial process, taking into account the specific features of public primary school. The research objective was to analyze opportunities of team method in a primary school, based on the neuropsychological approach. The diagnostic and remedial process has four stages. For the diagnosis, the authors used age-adapted individual and group neuropsychological assessment of children using Luria's battery, with quantitative evaluation of data, as well as a modified method of "proof-reading test" and Gestalt test by Bender. The authors proposed a multi-stage diagnostic method, adapted to conditions of the public primary school. The results of diagnosis revealed the structure of cognitive disturbances in children. The paper focuses on the application possibilities of the team method, based on the neuropsychological approach in primary school, as well as on the opportunities for schools to support children "at risk".

The research featured the phenomenon of the so-called reading phobia, which is characterized by an irrational obsessive fear of reading that interferes with the normal psycho-emotional development of the child, thus affecting their entire life. The paper introduces a new method of pedagogical correction of reading phobia in children of primary school age. The experiment involved six first-graders (four boys and two girls). They received correctional 40-minute classes twice a week for 3–6 months, depending on the complexity of each particular case of reading phobia. The authors developed six consecutive teaching methods: teamwork of the teacher, the psychologist, and the parents in a friendly atmosphere; face-toface work with the child; use of specially selected texts and methods of involving the child in the reading process; individual approach to the duration of classes, etc. The paper focuses on the neurophysiological characteristics and etiology of reading phobia. Reading phobia is described as a fear of reading instilled by adults, which often affects primary schoolers. The article also contains a list of negative effects of mental development and socialization that children with reading phobia are bound to face if they receive no special therapy. The developed method can be used by primary school teachers and psychologists.

The paper features the interaction of archaeological science and textbooks on archeology. It successively examines the history of textbooks on archeology in Russia published for higher education institutions of history, from the XIX century to the present. The author stresses the importance of textbooks in the formation and development of archeology as one of the main subjects of university historical education. Archeology and its textbooks play a key role in the reconstruction of important historical events of the three million years of human history, especially in cases when archaeological materials are the only source. Archeology discovered civilizations of the Ancient East, e.g. China, India, Iran, as well as Archaic Greece and ancient Rome. The paper states the significance of the archaeological heritage of Russia. Since 1970s, only two universities in Russia, Lomonosov Moscow State University and Kemerovo State University (Department of Archeology), have been publishing university textbooks on archeology to be used in universities nationwide. The list involves nine publications prepared by Kemerovo State University. These textbooks are unique from the point of view of the content and methodology of the presentation. The article focuses on the interaction of archaeological science and university textbooks. This concerns the explanation of global historical events, e.g. the early colonization of Eurasia, ethnogenesis in the Middle Paleolithic Era, human migration to America in the Upper Paleolithic, the formation of cultural in the early Holocene, revolution of the producing economy in the Paleometallic Era, etc. The author describes the effect of archeological textbooks on the formation of the conceptual foundations of modern archeology as a historical science. The section "One History – Two Sciences" features the shortcomings of modern Russian historical science, in particular, the lack of alternative to the concept of formational explanation of history in school and university textbooks. History is currently being demonstrated exclusively as a social-class development process, which makes it impossible to understand the role of the fundamental foundations of historical development, as well as the role of discoveries, innovations, achievements in the field of material culture and productive economy. As a result, the human achievements of the past, which are indicated in archeology textbooks, do not find proper application in explaining the historical processes in Russia and Eurasia in modern history textbooks.

The paper features the problems of traceological analysis of ancient artifacts made from animal bones. The exceptional importance of bone objects as an archaeological source cannot be overestimated. The authors studied Russian and foreign scientific literature and summarized their own experience of trace examination of bone artifacts from Bronze Age monuments of the forest-steppe Altai. The paper describes some methodological problems that arise during trace examination of archaeological bone collections. It studies the material, technological, functional, and taxonomic features of macro- and micro-surfaces of bone artifacts that make the examination different from analysis of stone artifacts and have to be taken into account. The leading factor is the raw material features of the bone. They cause an accelerated process of formation and destruction of traces on the surface of tools and products, the possibility of using bone material in various physical states, as well as the presence of deformations and traces of a natural (biological) nature. The authors challenge the thesis that the method applied to trace examination of stone objects can be transferred to bone tools and products. They declare that bone artifacts require specialized methods and techniques.

The paper features studies of ancient hillforts of the 1st millennium AD located in the forest-steppe of the Altai region. The research history can be divided into two stages. The first stage (late XIX – 1980s) focused on the accumulation and interpretation of materials. The second stage (1980s – to date) initiated a focused study of the monuments. Initially, the studies of the hillforts were connected with such local lore researchers as M. D. Kopytov and B. Kh. Kadikov, who were followed by archaeologists Y. F. Kiryushin, M. T. Abdulganeev, A. L. Kungurov, and A. A. Kazakov. An analysis of scientific literature revealed that 40 ancient settlements sites have been discovered and examined since the late XIX century. 11 of them were studied archaeologically. The obtained materials did not fit into the existing historical and cultural paradigm. The situation began to change in the 1980s whith the attempts to determine the relative chronology of the settlements and their cultural affiliation. As a result, two different cultural and chronological schemes were formed. The first one was based on funerary monuments and did not take into account their relationship with settlement complexes. The second approach included the materials on hillfort studies. The paper also focuses on the debatable question about the functional purpose of the ditch – shaft line. Further studies of the sites will make it possible to identify the economic and cultural characteristics of the population of the Altai forest-steppe in the 1st millennium AD.

The research features an analysis of the headlines of economic articles published in German periodicals after the global economic crisis. The paper gives a theoretical basis of the conceptual nature of headlines and characterizes the phenomenon as a textual linguacultural concept. The subject of the present research is verbal representations of the concept "economic headline" to be found in German economic media discourse. The paper focuses on the description of the process of headline cognition that the recipient performs by interpreting the foreknowledge inherent to a headline. The analysis revealed different cognitive strategies of text producers and the variation in the verbal content of headlines. All the headings of economic articles published in German periodicals actualize the concept of "economic heading". The frequent inclusion of headline complex elements into the process of text cognition is typical for modern economic headlines. Their multilevel structure allows keeping the maximum information content as it provides the recipient with the necessary foreknowledge concerning the subject area of the article. This method accelerates the headline cognition process and results from the fact that the recipient has no time to read the whole article. The established norms of headline construction in German journalism reflect the cognition of economic reality in German linguaculture.

The present research features the role of metaphorical term formation in the Anglo-American legal term system on the basis of a multi-aspect analysis of a lexicographic source. A thorough examination showed that metaphorization is a full-featured but not productive mechanism of terminology production in the sphere of jurisprudence. Metaphorical terms that function in major, specialized, and complex branches of law represent less than 1% of all terminological units recorded in the ABBYY Press legal dictionary. The paper focuses on mono-lexemic and poly-lexemic legal terms formed by metaphorization. Two- and three-component metaphorical terms were found most frequent. This fact can be explained both by the binary essence of the metaphorical process itself and by a high degree of specification of the legal concept. The position of the metaphorical component was taken into account when the terminological combinations were systematized. The paper contains some examples of various types of metaphoric shift in term formation: reframing according to (1) functional analogy, (2) identity of the produced impression, (3) size correspondence, (4) similarity of origin, (5) the presence of related properties, and (6) the same extension in space. The author singled out anthropomorphic, socio-morphic, artifactual, and nature-morphic metaphorical models of legal term formation. The predominant distribution of anthropomorphic legal metaphors reached almost 50% of the whole selection of examples. The paper describes and illustrates conceptual source spheres of all four categories of terminological metaphors in the legal field. As for some vague cases, the author specified the significative zone of the metaphor according to its figurative-semantic focus. In addition, the study differentiated universal and nationally-marked legal metaphorical terms. Particular attention in this classification was given to metaphorical terms that bear precedent phenomena which are part of the cognitive base of the English-speaking socio-cultural community and serve as a key to understanding its legal norms.

The research on the pragmatics of complimentary speech acts should be carried out with due account for such social dimensions as gender, status-marked, age-related, and regional constituent parts. The aim of the study at hand is to elaborate on complimentary speech acts in the light of what will be termed as 'regional identity' within the framework of this article. Notwithstanding many studies of regional identity [1], few have revealed evident account of the representation of the interlocutor's regional identity in the language. This investigation concentrates on the theory of regional identity. The aim of the study is to consider the impact of the place where people live in on the production of complimentary speech acts in the British and American linguacultures. This scientific paper analyzes the significant features of compliments produced by people of urban-related identity and rural-related identity. Therefore, the paper focuses on answering the following research questions: What is the definition of complimentary speech act? What does regional identity mean? How is regional identity reflected in the compliments paid by the British and the Americans? Following the critical analysis of current works [1] on the theory of regional identity, this paper presents complimentary speech acts collected from English and American fiction of the XX and XXI centuries: Fowles J., Jardine Q., Salinger, Smith Z., Stockett K., Yates R., in the prospect of investigation the reflection of regional identity in language.

The paper features some discrepancies in various publications on the Tuvan stone statues. The statues were first discovered by A. V. Adrianov in 1881 on the territory of modern Barun-Khemchik, Dzun-Khemchik and Ulug-Khem districts. Five statues represent anthropomorphic beings holding a vessel in both hands. According to L. R. Kyzlasov, this posture is peculiar to the sculptures of the Uighur period. After A.V. Adrianov, these statues were rediscovered or re-documented by other scientists. When comparing the works of A. V. Andrianov, O. H. Appelgren-Kivalo (I. R. Aspelin’s materials), C. R. Mintslov, L. A. Evtukhova, M. P. Gryaznov, and E. R. Schneider, the author revealed some discrepancies in the indication of the locations of the same statues, and the differences in their graphic representation. The author compared graphic documentation of different quality and location data to identifythe statues in the publications of these researchers. The paper introduces information on the current location of four of the five sculptures discovered by A. V. Adrianov. The article states the need for redocumentation of stone statues of Tuva by modern methods and technical means.

The paper presents a gradual model of etymological analysis of the Chinese hieroglyph. The research was based on the game approach logic expressed in the combination of Russian and Chinese linguistic analysis of Chinese characters. The established rules include verification of the graphic paradigm according to the stages of Chinese writing development. In addition, the rules involve grammatological, structural, semantic, and ideosemantic analyses. Individual research strategy included selection of linguistic, historical, and cultural sources for verification of the graphic-semantic characteristics of the Chinese character. The author applied a combination and sequence of research approaches and introduced an authentic analysis terminology. The authentic terminology was supported by analogies from Russian linguistics, as well as by the experience of etymologization of the character in Chinese philological science. The paper features a model of etymological analysis of the Chinese character. It consists of several stages/types of etymological reconstructions: formal-graphic,grammatical or structural, and semantic (including ideosemantic).The created etymological model was tested on the example of etymologization of the Chinese hieroglyph "cart" 車 che / ju. Its paradigm was verified according to its graphic variants, which belonged to the early stages of ancient Chinese writing, namely jinwen, jiaguwen, and zhuanti. The author determined the graphic-semantic core of the character. Its graphic sensemaking form was systematically analyzed on the basis of verification of its graphic and semantic characteristics. Finally, the author conducted a semantic and ideosemantic analysis of the character, which included historical and archeological data on Chinese material culture. As a result, the study helped to define the etymological meaning of the character.

The paper describes a bronze plaque, made in Perm animal style by method of one-side casting. It depicts a rampant winged bear with its paws on the shoulders of a standing man. Being an accidental finding, the plaque comes from the northern regions of the Altai Territory (the village of Vysokaya Griva, Pankrushikhinskiy District). The paper features its composition and plot, which has a complex semantic content. Following other researchers, the authors consider such products a metal reflection of the three-part world structure, characteristic for the peoples at a certain level of social development, and a myth about the origin of the people. A comparative analysis with both neighboring and quite remote areas made it possible to assume that there were different totem animals, ancestors of the major ethnic groups of different Finno-Ugrian peoples. Thus, a bird of prey was the most typical totem animal for the western territories representing a Finnish-speaking population that lived in the European part of Russia. The bird was both the ancestor and the guardian spirit of the ethnic group. A bear was the totem for the eastern territories of the Finno-Ugrian peoples living in Siberia, in the Asian Russia, that represented the Ugrian-Samoyedic population. It is evidenced by the absence of bears on the plaques with encoded myths about the origin of the kindred in Western European regions, and on the contrary, a practically complete absence of birds on similar plaques in the Asian regions. The finding is published for the first time.

The research features modern domestic and foreign fundamental approaches to self-destructive behavior and suicidal risk. The author adduces the data on the structure of suicidal risk, its affective, cognitive, and behavioral characteristics. The paper also describes the concept of increasing potential risk factors and predicates presented by M. D. Rudd, as well as an analysis of the theory of suicidal barometer developed by K. M. Harris, J. J. Syu, O. D. Lello, Y. L. Chew, C. H. Willcox, and R. H. Ho. It also features situational and personal factors of suicidal risk, both potential and actual. The paper focuses on predictors of the genesis and development of predisposition to auto-destructive behavior in adolescents.The research objective was to study the characteristics of risk factors of autodestructive behavior in adolescents. The sample group included 116 participants, 14–16-year-old students of 9–10 grades. The author described situational and personal risk factors of auto-destructive behavior in adolescents. They revealed a correlation between personal relations with inner circle and neighborhood society, as well as affective, cognitive, and behavioral personality factors of autodestructive risk.

The article continues a series of studies devoted to the actual problem of increasing sports effectiveness and the growth of professional longevity of highly qualified athletes – members of Russian national sports teams. Not contradicting the methodological foundations of research of sports activities, the authors propose a solution to the problem of psychological and pedagogical support of professional success in sports of higher achievements. The research is based on the systemic anthropological psychology and the theory of human self-realization. The subject of this study is the peculiarities of the stability of the lifeworld in athletes with various levels of professional success. The paper features a comparative analysis, the results of which clearly illustrate the specific features of the manifestation of the lifeworld stability in athletes with various levels of professional success. It was empirically proved that the high degree of life-world stability and the constructive nature of its manifestation are the psychological conditions for the optimal combination of processes of achieving high athletic results and maintaining a high level of mental adaptation. It determines the sustainability of the lifeworld as a systemic psychological characteristic responsible for the effective professionalization in the sport of higher achievements. This allows the authors to conclude that the program of psychological and pedagogical support introduced in this paper will probably improve sports effectiveness and mental adaptation of athletes, contributing to the growth of their professional longevity.

The present research considers crowdsourcing as a method of linguistic experiment. The paper features an experiment with the following algorithm: 1) problem statement, 2) development, 3) and questionnaire testing. The paper includes recommendations on crowdsourcing project organization, as well as some issues of respondents’ motivation, questionnaire design, choice of crowdsourcing platform, data export, etc. The linguistic experiment made it possible to obtain data on the potential of the phonosemantic analysis in solving naming problems in marketing. The associations of the brand name designer matched those of the majority of the Internet pannellists. The experiment showed that crowdsourcing proves to be an available method within the network society. It gives an opportunity to receive objective data and demonstrates high research capabilities. The described procedure of the crowdsourcing project can be used in various linguistic experiments.

The article deals with Russian historical researches of XX–XXI centuries that illustrated children’s everyday life behind the lines during World War II. There has recently been a surge of interest to the events of 1941–1945 among Russian historians and the general public, hence the significant amount of papers devoted to everyday life in wartime. Studies in wartime childhood are of great interest due to the fact that childhood of millions of children coincided with the war time. They worked as hard as adults to compensate for the lack of human resources in all spheres of national economy. As a result, most of the analyzed papers were devoted to various aspects of child labour issues. Other topics included school life, living conditions, and leisure time of young Siberians.

The paper features the dynamics of the internalization of the professional values in university students of deontology direction during their training. The research employed such research methods as D.A. Leontyev’s test of life-sense orientations, the questionnaire of the level of subjective control, and M. Rokich’s test. The paper presents some results of a longitudinal study of the internalization of the professional values in the future specialists of the deontological profile at various stages of study at the university. The authors used a sample group of 120 students to prove some significant differences in value-semantic characteristics. They conducted a comparative analysis of the value-semantic orientations of the students, who majored in various subjects. The students of the deontological profile revealed a stronger internalization of professional values, as well as stronger professional selfrealization, interpersonal relations, altruistic values, and values of the acceptance of others. The authors believe that the organization of educational process influences the structure of value-semantic orientations of university students. They prove that practice-oriented methods help students cope with the crisis of professional development. The results of the research can be used in the educational process at various educational institutions, as well as in consulting students on the problems of personal and professional development.

The present research features a model of acmeological invariants of professionalism inherent to heads of vocational educational institutions. The paper provides an analysis of the basic concepts of professionalism in the national psychology, in particular, the professionalism of managers in the field of vocational education. It was established that the professionalism of managers in the field of education can be considered in terms of competence approach. The article describes the concept of "cognitive style" as an individual way of information processing, considered as metacognitive ability. The authors conducted a study of acmeological invariants of professionalism, including personal characteristics, management skills, motivational and value spheres, and cognitive features of information processing displayed by the heads of vocational educational institutions. The article describes the factors of professionalism obtained during the implementation of the expolatory factor analysis. As a result, the authors allocated four blocks of acmeological invariants of professionalism. They include professional, personal, value, and social components. The paper also contains an analysis of the main components of the model. The authors note the leading role of feedback between the director and the employees, the importance of the social component expressed in the ability of the director to build a system of communication with the subordinates, and the importance of cognitive styles, which are directly included in the structure of the main factors of the model.

The paper features some results of a pilot research on the formation of I-concept of one’s professional identity during practical training and at work. The issues of the I-concept draw attention of modern scientists; however, the problem of I-concept of one’s professional identity remains largely understudied, e.g. its sensitive period of formation, conditions, factors and dynamics, interrelations between the I-concept of one’s professional identity and one’s professional activity, etc. An adequate I-concept plays a special role in the activities connected with extreme conditions, a high degree of responsibility and a brief adaptation period, e.g. public transport. The research involved first thirdand fifth-year students of State Transportation University of the Far East (Khabarovsk) and railroad employees of the corresponding profile. The diagnostic package was shaped according to the theoretically revealed structure of the I-concept. The results confirmed the initial assumption that one’s "I-concept" of the professional identity is rooted in one’s learning and practical training, but its actual formation happens during one’s professional activity. The paper contains some recommendations on I-concept formation in students majoring in transport.

The research features various theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of emotional intelligence in children aged 5–7. The relevance of the issue can be explained by the current social mandate and the federal state standard of modern pre-school education. The paper focuses on an analysis of foreign and domestic approaches to the study of the psychological phenomenon in question. The authors come to a conclusion that emotional intelligence regulates the integral state of the human psyche and manifests itself at the physiological, psychological, and personal levels of its functioning. The article also includes a description of the study methods applied to senior preschoolers. The authors give a critical review of the methodological tools for emotional intelligence assessment in children aged 5–7, the results of which indicate the problem areas in the existing methods for diagnosing emotional intelligence. The paper describes the matters of criteria selection for evaluation and selection of adequate methods for studying. In conclusion, the authors point to the insufficientlystudied aspects of emotional intelligence and designate the theoretical and methodological problems of researching emotional intelligence in children of senior preschool age. Based on the results of the theoretical analysis, the authors propose to consider emotional intelligence as a dynamic system functioning at all levels of one’s mental life and justify the need to develop a comprehensive approach to its study from the standpoint of general, age and pedagogical psychology, psychophysiology, preschool pedagogy.

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of social net status, which is considered as a subgenre of Internet communication and is a verbal presentation of the owner’s electronic profile. The paper features an analysis of status texts in Russian and Korean social networks and gives a profound description of their textual specifics. It is noted that status texts have a high communicative potential, they are small-format texts, can be creolized, occupy a strong position in the information field of an electronic page. The analysis of functional features of profiles has revealed that the status is intended to shape a certain view of the user’s electronic page the way advertising slogans create the brand image. The goal of the research is to show that the status is a universal element of social networks, and the Internet today is not just an open multicultural space, but a virtual system that subordinates its users to its laws. The study of social net statuses makes it possible to describe the peculiarities of modern web-communication in its dynamics. The paper features the complete range of current studies on the phenomenon in question.

The current paper is the first to present some of the key activities and operational problems of evacuation hospitals in the city of Krasnoyarsk and the whole hospital system of the Krasnoyarsk territory in the first years of the Great Patriotic war. In addition, the paper touches upon the key aspects of the medical, pedagogical and scientific work of the famous surgeon V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky (St. Luka), who worked in Krasnoyarsk evacuation hospitals in 1941 – 1943. The research goal is to reveal the foundations of the diverse activities of evacuation hospitals for the treatment of wounded patients from the moment of their arrival by the military-sanitary trains in the city, further sorting and hospitalization of the wounded into a specialized or General surgical hospital, as well as stressing the importance of the rescue activity conducted by professor and surgeon V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky in the system of evacuation hospitals. The results of this study can be used by historians of the war period, including those who are involved in the study of history of medicine during the wartime and V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky's biographers.

The paper presents a description of perceptive strategies employed by the authors of Internet comments to political discourse. The correlation of the news story and the comments is seen in the linguopersonological perspective. The online comments are generically secondary texts if referred to the political news story considered to be a primary text and hence, they reflect certain features of the primary text. The paper deals with the analysis of text perception, and the authors give a classification of the strategies according to perception mode (holist vs serialist strategies), perception level (rational vs irrational strategies) and perception type (impulse vs reflection strategies). The implementation of the strategies revealed is shown through the analysis of online comments on Russian news website “Ria” and English websites “The Guardian” and “The Independent”. The strategically constructed analysis of Internet comments to political discourse enables the authors to assume that within a single microtext the simultaneous implementation of two opposed strategies may sometimes occur due to the complex structure of a language person in general and a language person of internet commentator in particular.

The current research studies the wages of foreign prisoners of war (P.O.W.s) who worked in the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1942–1948. The paper contains the information about the pays to the P.O.W.s were transferred from the funds of the enterprises where they worked. The article analyses the level of P.O.W. wages, the dependence of the wages from the labour activities and the bonus that the P.O.W.s received for good performance. The paper contains the data on the average level of P.O.W. wages in Izhevsk and lists the kinds of labour activities where the P.O.W.s received the highest wages. The research is based on archival documents, most of which were involved in the scientific use for the first time.It is highly unlikely that the P.O.W.s who were in Udmurtia in 1945–1948 starved since they could use their wages to buy additional provisions in the camp stalls and town shops.

The article describes the meaning and peculiarities of the procedure of detection motive of property crime, committed by minors. It features the theoretical substantiation of the use of the projective method that lies in the basis of the identification method revealing the motives of the unlawful property behavior among minors. The paper describes a complex format application of the interpretive and additive techniques of this method, which can most accurately diagnose these motives. The paper represents the results of approbation practice of the psychodiagnostic method in relation to minors, who have committed property crimes. The results showed that adolescent offenders аt the time of theft seek to meet not only mercenary needs, but also to increase self-esteem, establish themselves in society, needs for various kinds of game emotions, need for a sense of security and revenge, needs for delivering joy and helping relatives. The obtained information allows one, already at this stage, to carry out preventive work with juvenile offenders, taking into account the presence and intensity of individual motives of unlawful acts and individual needs of minors.

The paper considers the possibility of alternative Europe integration development, such as the idea of the United Statelets of Europe, represented in the Eurotopia project. It focuses on the main stages of its implementation, development and origins. The latter includes the theory of size proposed by Austrian philosopher Leopold Kohr. This theory is based on the necessity of breakdowns of large national states and formation of statelets, such as Bohemia, Moravia, Bourgogne and others. Special attention is given to 1) the choice of people to represent the theory in public, e. g. such major European industrialists as Fritz Thyssen and Alfred Heineken, and 2) accurate selection of a moment suitable for this, for instance, 1941 and 1992. The paper features future possibilities for the theory of size and the Eurotopia project as a new concept of European integration development, as well as options for creating a suitable conjuncture.

This article describes a special type of advertising texts characterized by a text-stylistic replication. This property of text implies an intentional imitation of the original source by preserving its typical distinctive feature that depends on the type of the first principle. This makes it possible to recognize the imitation despite the changing lexical, grammatical and subject-shaped components. The paper features a specific differentiation of such texts based on linguistic and / or rhythmic-sound imitation of the proto-word while taking into consideration the elements of the plot and expressive means. From the point of view of peculiarities of imitation of this or that source, construction and artistic organization in the advertising space, the following types of text-stylistic secondary nature can be distinguished: 1) the imitation of specific works; 2) the imitation of an indefinite number of similar works; 3) the imitation of speech of a particular speaker; 4) the imitation of an indefinite number of similar speeches. Within each of these types the advertising material is divided into additional groups, depending on the type of source and means of creating stylization. The paper provides a description of the basic features of such secondary nature texts as well.

Conceptual studies are an intensively developing area of research nowadays. They are aimed at considering such fundamental problems as structures of representation of knowledge about the world and ways of the conceptual organization of knowledge in the language. The central term in research of a linguistic world-image is the concept, which draws attention of research workers in various areas of science. The current paper features the PERSONALITY (PERSÖNLICHKEIT) concept, which is significant for both Russian and German cultures, and some of its characteristics. The author describes the features of the word's inner form and conceptual features of these concepts. The main group among the image features is represented by anthropomorphic characteristics, where character, social and valuable features are significant for the research. The paper includes a number of synonyms of words representing the concepts under discussion, which provides an aggregate structure of these concepts.

The paper presents the problem of the Siberian Cossacks crisis in the period of socio-political upheavals of the revolution and Civil War in 1917–1920. The aim of the paper is to examine the reasons and the essence of the regional Cossack community crisis in the course of the 1917 revolution and the Civil war as well as to identify the options and results of its resolution. The problem is investigated on the basis of the dialectical-materialistic method of cognition: each position is examined through the light of historicism, in connection with other historical events of the era and with specific historical experience. The "Cossack issue" took shape in the early XXth century amid the civil transformation of the Russian society. In Siberia the issue received internal and external content. The internal content of the issue is made up of the contradictions between the rank-and-file Cossacks and the officers due to the inequality of landholdings, as well as between the Cossack mainstream, on the one hand, and the Cossack troops’ lieutenant colonels, on the other, because of the problem of the land reserve exploitation and compliance with the rights and obligations equivalence in the Cossack community. The external constituent is made up of the contradictions between the privileged Cossack community in Siberia and the peasantry and minority peoples of the region concerning the land issue. Moreover, the "Cossack issue" included also a general historical tendency – the search for optimal ways to abolish the Cossack class privileges and to equalize them in rights and responsibilities with the rest of the population of Russia. Since in this period there was no class-caste unity of the Cossacks de facto, this fact was to be established de jure. And it was the 1917 revolution that was responsible for it. The "Cossack issue" resolution resulted in the acute social-political opposition both within the regional Cossack community and in the civil war of the Siberian Cossacks with the bulk of the Siberian population. The results of the study can be used when writing generalized works on the history of Siberia, lecturing on Russian history of this period, teaching courses on the history of the 1917 revolution and the Civil war.

The paper deals with the issue of bridging the gap between the language as a tool of professional communication and the language learnt as an academic subject focused on general vocabulary and structures, which hinders effective professional communication of a non-linguist graduate. This problem is aggravated by the lack of language teacher training in content subjects: mastering peculiarities of a specific professional language as a variety of numerous social dialects requires substantial experience in this particular field. Therefore, teaching a foreign language in a non-language higher educational institution calls for wider implementation of CLIL approach (integration of content and language training) to dealing with language material in developing communicative competence. The paper points out competence focused nature of CLIL and its motivational potential. The authors discuss some specific features of teacher’s preparing for classes in this context and suggest several teaching techniques aimed at expanding involvement of professional variety of language in the process of training future experts for increasing their professional communication skills, including case studies, effective use of audiovisual teaching aids and multimedia presentations in a special field. The article stresses the need for further integration of a second language and content training in the professional field, which requires a systematic approach and collaboration of all participants in higher educational process.

The paper proposes an analysis of the idioms that have reference to the modus of gustatory perception. The main goal of the paper is to study structural and semantic features of the idioms belonging to this group as well as to consider cognitive and stylistic characteristics of their representation in English literary texts, specifically in W. S. Maugham’s novels “Theatre” and “The Razor’s Edge”. The classifications of the idioms according to the perceptive predicates and to their abilities to characterize either a perceptive subject, or a perceptive object, or perceptive activity itself are presented. The features of their usage in fiction are in the focus of attention.

The paper characterizes the process of creation of medical infrastructure and first aid system to immigrant and indigenous people in Tashkent and the Tashkent district in the second half of the XIX – the beginning of the XX century by the imperial authorities. The purpose of the paper is to reveal the medical condition in the second half of the XIX – early the XX century in Turkistan, types and amount of medical care, which was provided to the indigenous population of the region, by studying biographical and source materials. The paper draws attention to the fact that initial medical assistance to the immigrant population and then the indigenous dwellers of the region were provided by surgeons who settled mainly in Tashkent and the major cities of Turkestan. I. P. Sheverdin was one of the first surgeons who founded the rural hospital in remote place of Tashkent district – village Tillyau in 1899 – 1903, whose asceticism and dedication the inhabitants of this village still remember. It is shown that medical services in Tashkent and the Tashkent district in the pre-revolutionary period developed slowly, which corresponds to the first stage of initiation of the indigenous population of the region to the modern achievements of medicine.

The paper is devoted to the depiction of deer in the decoration of Tagar weapons. Such images are not numerous, much fewer than the deer images on other types of Tagar inventory. However, in terms of expression and diversity the deer images in the decoration of Tagar weapons are not inferior and even superior to those in other extant categories of items. The paper presents the experience of systematizing animal style decoration of Tagar weapons based on such features as the type of weapon, animal posture and image style. The authors revealed the stylistic traditions of images dating back to Arjan-Mayemir traditions, images on deer stones of the Sayan-Altai and Mongolian-Trans-Baikal type, as well as the impact of the Scythian art from Tuva and Altai. Styles of deer depiction in knife decoration were correlated with blade types. It was possible to determine that some of the images with depictive signs of the early Scythian tradition were performed on items related to the later stages of Tagar culture, indicating the duration of the early Scythian traditions along with new versions of images.

The paper discusses the role of linguistic examination in civil law and common law legal systems. It argues that while it is forensic linguistic expertise that often plays an important role in civil law systems, the lay people’s opinion is crucial in common law systems. It suggests that the best way to obtain adequate results for civil law systems (including the Russian legal system) is to combine the two approaches, that is, to make use of an expert linguistic analysis of the linguistic competence of lay speakers of the language in question. Various examples illustrate the point (among them the problems arising in civil suits of honor protection and business reputation defense as well as the famous “tomato case”, in which the United States Supreme Court addressed whether a tomato was classified as a fruit or a vegetable). In addition, the paper discusses vague wording and consequent difficulty of implementation of the “Federal Law on the National Language of the Russian Federation.”

The “Diary” of the Soviet diplomat I. M. Maisky, who worked in London for more than ten years first as a messenger, then as the Soviet ambassador to the UK, is one of the valuable sources for the interwar period and the Second World War. The “Diary” contains records of Maisky’s conversations with the leading British politicians and public figures and his own thoughts on a wide range of issues, including the problems of the British Empire. The author of the paper analyzes the views of the Tories on the prospects for the British Empire and the Commonwealth of the postwar period and reveals the plans for the reconstruction of the Empire and its transformation while maintaining the dominant position of Britain in the format of a new relationship with the dominions and colonies. The paper shows that within the British political establishment there was no consensus on the future of the empire and, as the materials of the “Diary of diplomat” evidence, the problem of the evolution of the Empire had a close relationship with other areas of foreign and domestic policy.

The paper describes the poems «Swift» and «Sonnet» by L. I. Averyanova in literary, historical and cultural contexts. The analyses of lexical features and metre-rythmical organization of the poetical texts are introduced in the paper The author revealed that the poems are assembled by the theme of love and description of the city scenery. However, the nature in the «Sonnet» is portrayed as an integral part of the city-myth, while people and the megalopolis in the «Sonnet» are opposed to the natural world. As a result of the study the poems from the correspondence between Averyanova and Korsun are attributed to the modernist texts about the city.