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AbstractThe Self-Initiated-Tape-Recording Method (SITRM) is a qualitative data collection procedure that places few restrictions on the behavior of participants and thereby permits the recording of participants’ perceptions of freely chosen, spontaneous acts. The SITRM was developed to access participants’ “immediately recalled experience” of various events or situations in everyday life. Participants using the SITRM cany a mini tape-recorder and report their experiences of situations or events directly to the tape- recorder. Specific procedures for utilizing the SITRM are described in this paper. Further, findings of three studies examining the effectiveness of the SITRM are reported.

Clinical evidence suggests that self-tape recording and listening is a useful technique for enhancing awareness in self-counseling. The question arises as to the roles of talking and listening in the process. This study experimentally compared the effects on self-awareness of three group experiences of “Talk and Listen,” “Talk Only” and “Listen Only,” using 90 graduate students in counseling as subjects. A set of self-awareness scales which utilize core conditions of counseling measured self-awareness in subjects of self-facilitation and self-initiation, following the group experiences. Analysis of variance showed significant differences favoring the “Talk and Listen” experiences over the other two experiences in both self-facilitation and self-initiation. It was concluded that self-tape recording and listening may be a moderately powerful self-counseling technique for producing psychological states which are related to therapeutic movement. It is suggested that self-tape recording is worthy of further investigation and use.

Abstract: The SSQ-1 Digital Tape Recording Horizontal Pendulum Tiltmeter is an instrument of high sensitivity to detect the changes of ground tilt. It uses a quartz horizontal pendulum held by Z�llner bifilar suspension to sense vertical displacement, the eddy-current transducer on the pendulum converts its displacements into electric signals. Then a microcomputer is used for data acquisition and printing as well as digit tape recording. And at the same time, a filtering pen recorder is used for visible recording. The scale value of the instrument is calibrated by computer using the known tilt angle of the bulging plate — mercury cup. The scale value is 0.3–0.5 m(″)/mV. The following are the testing results for the earth tide observation obtained from the east-west component at Baijiatan Seismic Station, Beijing: r(O1): 0.6490�0.0179 α(O1): −3.83��1.58� r(K1): 0.8049�0.0128 α(K1): 1.40��0.90� r(M2): 0.6699�0.0040 α(M2): −0.27��0.34� r(S2): 0.7316�0.0075 α(S2): 2.83��0.58� r(M3): 0.8497�0.0964 α(M3): 1.61��6.51�

Optimum conditions for the preparation of tape recording quality γ-Fe2O3by the thermal decomposition of ferrous oxalate dihydrate have been established. Formation of the intermediate Fe3O4which is most important in forming γ-Fe2O3takes place only in the presence of water vapour. Various stages of decomposition have been characterised by DTA, TG, DTG, and x-ray powder diffraction. The method for the preparation of acicular γ-Fe2O3that matches very well with the commercial tape recording material has been developed.

This study examined the possible influence of audio and video recording of personality assessment measures on anxiety. Undergraduate students in psychology were randomly assigned to Audiotape, Videotape, or Control conditions and given the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Rorschach Inkblot Method. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance indicated no significant differences among these conditions on the Spielberger, et al.State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, A-State scale, and five Rorschach measures of situational anxiety. Tape-recording itself did not seem to affect the anxiety indices of these frequently used personality assessments.

The mechanics and tribology of a flat head for high-speed, contact tape recording is presented. Experiments performed on a "row-bar" of thin-film disk heads where the tape is wrapped only on the edge opposite to the heads showed very stable contact for a wide range of tape speeds and very low wear. A model of the interface showed that a self-acting, subambient air bearing forms near the leading wrapped corner. This suction is caused by the expansion of air into the diverging gap on the upstream side of the head-tape interface, which is unique to this wrap geometry, and it is responsible for the stability and low contact pressures. A bidirectional version of a flat head geometry is analyzed via modeling and suggestions are made for that design. This work also showed strong evidence of a threshold of contact pressure below which wear becomes negligible.

An image coding algorithm for digital video tape recorders (DVTR) must satisfy several requirements which do not arise in other applications of video compression. A key constraint on the data format is satisfied if every frame (or field) of video is partitioned into a small number of subimages, each independently coded with a fixed number of bits. This requirement excludes the use of interframe coding and most variable-rate image coding algorithms. We propose to use a new algorithm that codes a subimage efficiently under this data format constraint and allows virtually lossless reproduction at reasonable low bit rates. Each subimage is partitioned into non-overlapping blocks and each block is coded by one of a finite set of predesigned block quantizers covering a range of bit rates. For the ith block in the subimage, a rate function Ri(Li) and a distortion function Di(Li) is tabulated for each block quantizer Li. A near-optimal quantizer allocation algorithm based on the Lagrange Multiplier method is used to select a particular quantizer for each block. The objective is to minimize the distortion of the entire subimage under the constraint on the total number of bits for the subimage. A system for the compression of HDTV for DVTR's based on this rate-constrained optimal block-adaptive technique is designed using the DCT and vector quantization with a multistage structure. Simulation results demonstrate that this algorithm has the potential of achieving virtually lossless compression for digital tape recording of HDTV.

Abstract: A high degree of system accuracy is required for the recording and analysis of heart rate and beat-to-beat variability in newborn infants. Many tape recording systems at present in use do not provide this. A technique is described using a recorded clock signal of known frequency to correct the inter-beat intervals for inaccuracy due to tape speed variations. This has improved the resolution of the system from 75 ms to 15 ms, and reduced the overall error from 15% to 03%.

Rex Wilson has clearly demonstrated that tape recording is a useful technical aid for dialect field interviews, such as those for the Linguistic Atlas. In his own work, Wilson obviously and properly handles the tape as a tool, not as a substitute for the fieldworker. Nevertheless, since the New World too often assumes that the development of a gadget automatically solves a problem, one may justifiably emphasize a few of the pitfalls for the investigator who uses the tape uncritically — and this while being in substantial agreement with Wilson's position.It is important, however, that such skepticism be not the skepticism of inexperience, which is too often evident in criticisms of tape recordings.

A method of measuring drop-outs from magnetic-tape recording systems has been designed and built so that quantitative data can be quickly obtained from any tape on any machine and under any condition. Conclusions are made as to the relative effects of tape, machines, reels, recording processes, reproducing processes, environmental dirt, tensions, etc., on the drop-out count. It has been found that drop-out measurements can be used to evaluate tape and machines in regards to wear characteristics, to evaluate tape-cleaning methods, and to determine techniques in handling tape and operating tape machines to minimize drop-out effects both for analog and digital applications.

This article describes low-cost and tested procedures which may be used by the social work pracritioner-researcher for collection of data about what takes place in groups in natural setting. Some technical issues in uses of tapes of group sessions obtained by portable cassette recorders are explored. Content analysis as a research technique is explained and illustrations provided. Process analysis through measurement of such dimensions as frequency and initiator of speech is described.

The application of a new miniaturized television camera, beam splitter, and optical relay in conjuction with the Zeiss retinal camera for recording and taping fluorescein angiograms is presented. There are advantages to television over conventional photography: rapid replay of angiography tapes for evaluation and Polaroid abstraction is easily accomplished. The use of computer enhancement of data in available electrical form is suggested. Tapes are easily filed and recovered for recording and teaching purposes.

This paper outlines the numerous ways in which clinical outcomes in REBT/CBT can be enhanced and therapeutic impasses overcome through the regular and creative use of audiotherapy as a treatment adjunct. In particular therapy dosage intensity can be enhanced significantly and homework compliance improved. Audiotherapy also has a key role to play with clients who are isolated or are unsupported in their living environments. Such clients can be encouraged to use audio-taping as “therapist-assisted interventions,” so increasing the likelihood of their initiating therapeutic tasks such as graded activity assignments and disputing cognitive distortions and dysfunctional beliefs in vivo. The paper finally recommends that audio-taping of therapy sessions has sufficient major benefits to suggest its routine incorporation into therapeutic practice.

The problem was to test the effectiveness of having students prepare and tape-record course lectures as a method of instruction. Seventy-one students in four separate psychology courses learned by the student-lecture method, and their course achievements were compared with those of controls of similar ability and training who learned with the same instructor using traditional methods. The results indicate that the student-lecture method offers considerable promise for improving the quality of student learning; however, the general applicability of the findings is restricted by the exploratory nature of the research.

The present paper examines the capability of the video tape recorder as a behavior-sampling instrument within the context of an investigation ostensibly designed to determine possibly positive or aversive effects of the absence or presence of mothers on children's behavior in a dental treatment situation. The behavior of 22 children was video tape-recorded as a dentist cleaned their teeth. The mothers of all children were present for one half and absent for the other half of these teeth-cleaning sessions. There were no significant behavioral differences as determined from judges' ratings of video tapes of the children's behavior while mothers were absent and present. A description of the means by which the video tape recorder may be used as an instrument for such behavior sampling is presented. The advantages of this recorder over more conventional means of behavioral recording or observation are also discussed.

The conditions under which linear superposition (LSP) of isolated pulses is valid for the synthesis of multibit waveforms are examined theoretically. LSP is found to be valid subject to three conditions; first, that all the processes following the write process be linear operations on the tape magnetization; second, that the write field rise time be less than the bit interval; and third, that each change in magnetization, occurring during the write process, be a function only of the field causing that change. Additionally, the validity of LSP at 15 000 bit/in is demonstrated for a high resolution tape recorder using standard γ-Fe2O3tape.

Since the close of the Second World War a number of efficient and relatively inexpensive light-weight electrical recording machines using cheap plastic tape have come onto the market. It is rather surprising that dialect geographers have not used these machines to a greater extent in the field, for limited field experience indicates that dialect investigators can expect to benefit greatly when the potentialities of these machines are properly exploited.

The article discusses development and utilization of the digital video tape recording. In the early days, film was the only medium available for recording television programs. The still video, or digital camera, was then first demonstrated in 1981. Today, digital video tape recording is introduced as a means of recording television pictures and accompanying sound onto magnetic tape as opposed to movie film.

The article discusses the fundamentals of video tape recording. The voltage induced in the playback head during the playback of a recorded magnetic tape is explained. Factors that determine the rate of change of field for a given frequency are cited. Details about television signal and the fundamental problems of video tape recording are also discussed.

Without Abstract:

The article discusses the operational trends in video tape recording and asserts that these center around increased mobility and lower costs. Mobility is exemplified by electronic news gathering (ENG) which operates on three-fourths of an inch U-Matic tape format. ENG directly replaces 16mm news filming. Lower costs can be seen in the models coming out in the market in December 1976 and the new tape formats which not only increase quantity but quality as well.

The evolution of video tape recording has been typified by new formats being introduced that have either represented performance improvements or an extension of features and facilities. The paper describes a PAL Composite Digital VTR format that attempts to fill one such requirement. That is improved performance whilst maintaining all the features that previous formats have established. The requirements of a successful format are first defined, and then the format derived to fulfil these requirements is examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the arguments behind the choice of the particular arrangements of tracks and control signal adopted for synchronous tape recording in the British Broadcasting Corp. and also those which led to the methods used in the subsequent transfer of the recordings from the tape on to magnetic film. The purpose of the company to employ synchronous tape was for mobile units in the production of documentaries and reports which have to be recorded mostly on location and often overseas.

The article discusses the process of the magnetic tape recording system for color television signals as conducted by the RCA Laboratories in Great Britain. The RCA color camera contains three pick-up tubes which provide red, green and blue signals which are processed in a complex manner by an encoder to provide such signals. In the recording of a color signal on magnetic tape, the composite signal is decoded into its red, green and blue video components with the audio signals.

The article focuses on the need of the method of video and television recording for the purpose of delaying transmissions in Great Britain. The author stated that, the need started during the growth of Television Broadcasting in the U.S. The first tape developed was the Ampex Video Tape Recorder in 1956 which is said to be advantageous compared to films as it projects pictures closer to that of the original live presentation.

A method of compensating for phase distortion in magnetic-tape recording by Miller coding at densities exceeding 4000 bit/cm is described. The method is based on varying the phase of the flux transitions generated at write time as a function of the data pattern being recorded.

PHOTOGRAPHS purporting to be of ball lightning have been published by a number of authors, as discussed for example by S. Singer1. More recently, what is believed to be the first photograph of the formation of ball lightning has also been presented2,3.