Search

Copyright of Revista Fronteiras is the property of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Highlights • To ensure systematic analysis of the key aims and objectives, this research adopts an 'explanatory research design'. • The study focuses on a 'case study' approach in order to carry out analysis of the most representative housing typology in Famagusta, Cyprus. • The possible sustainable green urbanism features and architectural measures in the scope of local land use policy requirements were evaluated. The feasible scenarios were devised by adding the topographical characteristics of selected case study locations of all designed maps were undertaken. Abstract Problems in mass housing estates in Famagusta, Cyprus, have been an issue for research on urban planning and policy interventions for many years. Neighbourhoods were designed featuring modernist residential tower blocks and suburban row houses with insufficient green areas and no consideration of either the climatic features of the built site or of urban planning, regulations or law. This study discusses ongoing, uncontrolled construction trying to change the contemporary urban environment, based on the features of housing and urbanism. It investigates whether the natural landscape and extensions to topography have played decisive roles in the construction of mass housing estate developments and uses of the rural periphery of the city. The study develops a base case of urban transformation models representing the morphological characteristics of buildings from three distinct construction eras (the 1970s, 1990s and 2010s). The information collected is enriched and verified by a site survey. Through three case studies, the types of buildings in each era are analysed and evaluated in relation to a number of environmental factors, including an analysis of the different context layers, to ascertain the existing strength of the urban block development configurations as well as to evaluate their shortcomings under the threat of urban sprawl. The findings not only provide ground research for developing urban retrofit scenarios but also employ sustainable planning tools based on those urban processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Timber-framed buildings can be found in large parts of Western Europe. TheGlossary of Prehistoric and Historic Timber Buildingsrefers to the broad similarities between Dutch timber framing and that of neighbouring countries such as the United Kingdom, France and Germany, but describes the lack of many special wall framing features, particularly bracings and jetties. The timber frame distribution map of Europe leaves out parts of the Netherlands (Figure 1) (Volmer and Zimmermann,Glossary, 23–24.). Although some critical remarks can be made about statements made in theGlossary, it is true that timber-framed town houses, as they are found in the Northern Netherlands, rarely fit the wider traditional picture of timber building. This contribution will investigate the construction of town house walls until around 1600 to gain improved understanding of the vernacular landscape in the Netherlands. After a brief historiography, the main principles of timber frame building and their regional distribution across the Netherlands will be elucidated. The conclusion will examine the motives behind the relatively divergent building solutions and their distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies for building designs exist both internationally and, to a lesser degree, in the South African context. However, there is limited understanding of the various types of low-cost buildings and their related energy flow patterns, as found within townships and other informal urban settlements within the City of Cape Town. This study thus developed a typology of representative low-cost building types based on their energy profile in two townships in Cape Town: Gugulethu, and Manenberg. The buildings were classified into eight representative types: Rowhouses; Maisonettes; Cottages; Courts; Government Reconstruction and Development Programme houses; Migrant labour hostels (1-storey); Migrant labour hostels (2-storey); and buildings known colloquially as ‘2-storeys’. DesignBuilder and EnergyPlus energy profile simulation results demonstrate that high energy consumption of low cost buildings is due to: poor building orientation; high occupancy rates; non-insulated walls and roofs; lack of ceilings; the use of kettles as a primary source of water heating; and inefficient incandescent lighting. Based on the household appliances and lighting, the results show that Maisonettes have the highest average annual energy consumption per square meter relative to the other building typologies, at 515 kWh/m 2 /year. However, Migrant labour hostels (1-storey) show the highest annual energy consumption at 16741 kWh/year, based on the household appliances and lighting. Opportunities to improve energy consumption efficiencies in low cost buildings in the two townships relate to both contextual analysis of the building types, and the household lifestyles related to energy use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, material characteristics of glass mosaic tesserae from Antandros ancient city, western Turkey, were investigated. The main objective of this study was to determine the compositional group of the glass tesserae. Their color, mineralogical, chemical and microstructural characteristics were determined using colorimeter, x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscope. The results show that all the Antandros glasses were produced by using coastal sand as Levantine I glasses and exhibit similar compositions with natron type glasses (Roman type glasses), except for lower natron levels. Lower natron levels indicate that Antandros mosaic glass may have been produced in 7th century AD or natron may have been provided from a new flux source due to the shortage of Egyptian mineral soda or due to economic reasons glass manufacturers succeeded to produce same glass with low flux addition. Antandros glass tesserae were all opacified with antimony oxides and colored with transition metal oxides which are common used in Roman Period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Warmia is a historical region in north-eastern Poland, which – together with the neighbouring region of Mazury – is called the Land of a Thousand Lakes. The conquest of this territory by the Teutonic Order, which took place in the 13th century, gave rise to the foundation of 12 towns in Warmia. The towns were planned in line with the medieval urban patterns, featuring chessboard-like layout of a grid of streets, a central marketplace with a town hall in the middle, and compact blocks of townhouses. The problems related to the revitalization of small towns in Warmia are mostly associated with their historic centres, which manifest their identity. The complexity of elements of which such historic urban centres are composed (spatial factors, such as urbanistic and architectural ones, related to the conservation of historic buildings and structures, economic and social aspects) necessitates such transformations that will lead to a better exposure and functional revitalization of the old town in comparison to other parts of a city. The aim of our study has been to find out how the image and functions performed of old towns can be improved. The changes involve certain urbanistic and architectural transformations as well as economic and social revitalization. The key to success is to develop revitalization programmes for individual historic districts in the towns of Warmia. The research has enabled us to draw conclusions in regard to including numerous aspects and connections between spatial factors and functions of old towns. Revitalization efforts should focus on the elimination of sources of threat, improvement of the technical condition and aesthetic values of the space (urbanistic patterns and layouts, architecture of urban complexes) and the betterment of living standards and conditions for local residents. Having achieved this, we will re-focus on the status of historic town centres, on their essential role in the contemporary life of towns, and on the need to preserve the heritage of whole Warmia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the England and Wales Courts of Appeal's decision in the Court case R. v. Flack (Perry) regarding prescribed custodial sentence under the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000. The Court found that the appellant was convicted of burglary of a dwelling house. The Court held that appellant was liable to be sentenced to a minimum term of three years. It further discusses Newton hearing in order to determine either the concerned building was a dwelling or not.

Abstract: This paper presents for the first time the results of a full life cycle assessment (LCA) 1 [1] Life cycle assessment. study for the three most common types of house in the UK: detached, semi-detached and terraced. All life cycle stages are considered, including house construction, use and demolition after 50 years. The results indicate that the use stage has the largest contribution to most environmental impacts. For example, the global warming potential (GWP) 2 [2] Global warming potential. over the 50-year lifetime of the detached house is 455 t of CO2 eq.; 374 t CO2 eq. of the semi-detached; and 309 t CO2 eq. of the terraced house. Around 90% of the GWP is from the use, 9% from construction (embodied carbon) and 1% from the end-of-life waste management. A similar trend is noticed for all other impacts. Recycling the building materials at the end of life leads to an overall reduction of the impacts. For instance, the GWP reduces by 3% for the detached and semi-detached houses (to 441 t of CO2 eq. and 363 t CO2 eq., respectively) and by 2% (to 302 t CO2 eq.) for the terraced house. The main environmental benefit is from reusing the bricks and recycling the aggregates. At the housing sector level, the total GWP is 132 million tonnes of CO2 eq. per year with the semi-detached houses contributing 40%, terraced 37% and detached houses 27%. Over the 50-year lifetime, the total GWP from the sector is nearly 6.6 billion tonnes of CO2 eq. The results also highlight the importance of decisions made in the design and construction stages as they determine the impacts of the house in the use and end-of-life stages. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Birmingham has possibly the best examples in the UK of decorative artisans' terraced housing, in particular the variety and detail of brickwork. The latter part of the nineteenth century and first decade of the twentieth century saw a rapid expansion of artisans' housing in the suburbs as the city grew in prosperity. Within this era, artisans' housing was transformed from insanitary squalor within the city to buildings of beauty in the suburbs. This paper focuses on Handsworth where there is a rich variety of ornamentation. The story starts during the early stages of the industrial revolution and develops during the 1870s as social awareness grew and became reflected in both public architecture and the common artisan's house. The streets became an exhibition of flamboyant ornamentation with an unprecedented variety of decorative elements in their façades, in particular brick patterns and motifs. Having survived the bombs of the 1940s and the bulldozers of the 1960s, the decorative brickwork now faces a major threat from paint and render. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information about the top cafes in the Paris, Farce, provides variety of services to the travelers. Cafe de Flore, located at Saint Germain, the most famous cafe in the world where u can site and write, meet friends. La Palette have a beautiful terrace near the river, one can have real sense of village life in Saint Germain, France.

Flore's House is an important medieval townhouse near the centre of Oakham in Rutland (UK), long associated with William Flore and his son, Roger. A new detailed survey has recently been carried out, together with a programme of dendrochronology. The central hall range, built of stone with a base-cruck roof, has been dated to 1378, indicating that it was indeed built by William Flore. The south crosswing at the service end, timber-framed over a stone ground floor, dates to c. 1407-10 and reflects the rising ambitions of William's son, Roger. The tree-ring dating to the north crosswing, also timber-framed over a stone-built parlour, proved a considerable surprise. This wing had previously been estimated to date from c. 1500, but was dated to 1659. It is suggested that the use of such an archaic style was a deliberate choice of the builder, who must have thought it particularly appropriate for the ancient residence of Oakham's most famous citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Big Sandy Lake in Aitkin County, Minnesota, was an important and busy thoroughfare of the British and American fur trade between the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Traders and travelers moved between the Mississippi River and Lake Superior by way of the Sandy River, Big Sandy Lake, the West Savanna and Prairie rivers, the Savanna Portage, and the East Savanna and St. Louis rivers. At least three trading posts were built on the shore of Big Sandy Lake, most likely not far from the Sandy River, which connects Big Sandy Lake and the Mississippi River. Amateur historians and archaeologists excavated portions of what was thought to be an important year-round North West Company post in 1926 and again in 1960 and likely at other times, too. Excavations at the site (21AK4) by a University of Minnesota field school crew in 1984 uncovered the remains of a semi-subterranean Fur Trade era row house that had been built (presumably) outside the palisaded walls of the main post. This report describes these excavations and the artifacts recovered in 1984, and offers tentative answers to three questions: When was the structure built? What activities took place at and around the structure? Who occupied the structure? An accompanying CR-ROM contains a detailed description of the artifacts as well as supplemental information. The CD-ROM contains these documents: Appendix 1. The Artifacts Appendix 2. Artifact Classifications and Proveniences Appendix 3. Provenience and Accession Number Information Appendix 4. Brown's Point Illustrations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mansions of Beacon Hill, Boston, of c. 1800, designed by Charles Bulfinch and others, have long attracted the interest of architectural historians, yet many disappeared within a generation, giving way to speculative rowhouses that made more economical use of plots to meet rapidly increasing demand for respectable accommodation. The common side-passage, double-parlour plan of these rowhouses in part reflects the conservatism that attends speculative building but, more, the plan's versatility in adapting to varied plot size and changes in household structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attention of Portuguese historians have been polarized around the study of elites and popular groups, paying few attention to sectors of the population that do not fall into these two categories. The main goal of this thesis is to increase knowledge about the composition of the wealth, the houses, and the ways of living and the consumption of the intermediate groups. Throughout the first chapter we examine the use of the expressions "middle state", "middle people", middle, middle class, in Portugal, mainly during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, when this vocabulary spread out. With this study, we intend to emphasize, on the one hand, the multiplicity of social representation schemes and taxonomies that coexisted during the period under analysis and, on the other hand, to prove that, despite the legal discourse and normative framework, the notion of middle ranks and the visions of society that include it were widespread in Portugal in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This analysis also seeks to justify our terminological choice. In the second chapter we undertake a discussion of the sociological categories and the model of analysis adopted. We explain why, even considering that in the period and spaces considered the Portuguese society was officially organized into orders and states, we analyse it considering sociological categories that are closer to class than to order or state. Not class in the Marxist sense, but a class that defines itself in a multidimensional space that emphasizes the statute, but also considers the economic aspects. Then we undertake methodological considerations with the analysis of the main historical source used, that is, inventories, highlighting its weaknesses and strengths. The third chapter corresponds to the analysis of the context or, in other words, the geographical, demographic, social, economic and political description of the city of Lisbon, which we chose as the background for the analysis of intermediate groups. In the fourth chapter, we characterize the sample and, in the fifth, we focus on the levels and composition of wealth, and the consumption of the intermediate layers. In the sixth and seventh chapters we launched a multidisciplinary look at houses, at the private interaction space of the intermediate layers, which is first seen as a space of inhabiting and then as a space for consumption. Thus, in the sixth chapter we characterize the habitat of the urban intermediate layers from the point of view of the property regime that linked the families to their houses, its the average value, prevailing typologies, number of floors, areas, number of divisions and functional specialization. In the second part of this chapter, we look at some case studies, trying to integrate the buildings in the city, to know the people who inhabited it, their occupation, how the spaces were used and the conception of life these spaces reveals. In the last chapter we analyse the house as a space for consumption. Focusing on the national reality and starting from the observation of the relation between social position and the possession of objects, we focus on the participation of the intermediate layers of Lisbon in the process of increasing the possession of luxury objects. For this we study the diffusion of luxury objects in the intermediate groups, comparing it with the more and less favoured socioeconomic groups. On the other hand, we follow the lead of the privatization process. We seek to detect the advance of the private sphere in domestic daily life in architectural space and material culture through the analysis of the diffusion of domestic equipment connoted with privatization. This analysis is transversal, spanning several chapters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter looks at New York City's most popular architectural styles. New York City contains a wealth of architectural styles, from modest row houses to ornate churches to soaring skyscrapers. Constructed over 300 years, these buildings represent the changing tastes of the city's residents from colonial times to the present. A brief look at the city's most popular styles provides a unique perspective of the city's past, present and future. A map showing the locations of the buildings mentioned in this chapter is also presented.

The article focuses on the drawings by Venetian view painter Giovanni Antonio Canal, also known as Canaletto, from the terrace of the Richmond House in London, England. There were two pictures entitled "Whitehall and the Privy Garden" and " The Thames and the City of London." The first was in pen and brown ink with gray wash and it included the houses to the west along King Street to a broad expense of Richard House terrace. The second was a smaller panoramic drawing and it showed the corner of its raised terrace and the walled passage to the water stair shared by the two properties.

Examines how La Casa a la Carta, a rowhouse constructed in Mexico in November 1997, exemplifies a framework for the transfer of industrialized methods of production and the modification of Canadian products to comply with local culture, code jurisdictions and building methods. Background on the construction; Challenge of technology transfer; Product modifications critical to the industrialized production of a unit.

The article discusses several architectural activities and attributes in Pleasant View Gardens public housing in Baltimore, Maryland. The activities include the refining of the row house, which promotes a strong sense of place, and strategic variation of streets and spacing, which provides additional space for public buildings. It suggests that Pleasant View Gardens is considered to align with the goals of the Hope VI urban development program. It also suggests that the participation of the residents in the planning process is an important aspect on of the program.