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Selective partial oxidation of hydrocarbons to oxygenates plays a large role in the chemical industry, while falling prices for electricity from renewable sources make electrification of such industrial chemical processes relevant. The oxidation of propene is an interesting model system as propene can be oxidized in two different positions, allowing for insights into the reaction mechanism. On Pd, a layer of adsorbates formed in situ governs the reaction by steering reactant adsorption to achieve high selectivity for allyl oxidation, albeit largely inhibiting the reaction rate. Through rational catalyst design, we demonstrate that alloying reactive Pd with inert Au influences the adsorbate layer formation, enhancing activity while maintaining high selectivity toward allyl oxidation. We obtain mechanistic insights with a combination of ab initiocomputational modeling and electrochemical measurements with ex situ product quantification and online mass spectrometry. Using a statistical approach, we explore the correlation of the Au:Pd ratio with Pd surface cluster size and density, which determine the properties of the adsorbate layer and thus the reaction outcome. We report an activity enhancement by a factor 2.4 with 10% Au in Pd and propose that (i) activity is maximized at potentials just before Pd cluster oxidation and (ii) the optimal catalyst surface contains approximately one Au every six Pd atoms, statistically most frequent at the nominal alloy composition Au14Pd86.

The article offers information on several conversations upon the Moment Magazine. Topics include considered that the interviews with Jewish voters in the recent issue of Moment about what they are thinking and their choice of candidates for president is an uphill read; and reports that creative legal work being done by Kaplan and her colleagues in their case Sines v. Kessler seeks to hold the defendants responsible for conspiracy to commit racially motivated violence.

To determine whether routine blood glucose assessment of patients admitted to hospital from emergency departments (EDs) results in higher rates of new diagnoses of diabetes and documentation of follow‐up plans. Cluster randomised trial in 18 New South Wales public district and tertiary hospitals, 31 May 2011 – 31 December 2012; outcomes follow‐up to 31 March 2016. Patients aged 18 years or more admitted to hospital from EDs. Routine blood glucose assessment at control and intervention hospitals; automatic requests for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) assessment and notification of diabetes services about patients at intervention hospitals with blood glucose levels of 14 mmol/L or more. New diagnoses of diabetes and documented follow‐up plans for patients with admission blood glucose levels of 14 mmol/L or more. Blood glucose was measured in 133 837 patients admitted to hospital from an ED. The numbers of new diabetes diagnoses with documented follow‐up plans for patients with blood glucose levels of 14 mmol/L or more were similar in intervention (83/506 patients, 16%) and control hospitals (73/278, 26%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.83; 95% CI0.42–1.7; P= 0.61), as were new diabetes diagnoses with or without plans (intervention, 157/506, 31%; control, 86/278, 31%; aOR, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.83–2.80; P= 0.18). 30‐day re‐admission (31% v22%; aOR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.86–2.09; P= 0.21) and post‐hospital mortality rates (24% v22%; aOR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.74–1.55; P= 0.72) were also similar for patients in intervention and control hospitals. Glucose and HbA1cscreening of patients admitted to hospital from EDs does not alone increase detection of previously unidentified diabetes. Adequate resourcing and effective management pathways for patients with newly detected hyperglycaemia and diabetes are needed. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611001007921.

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the role that strategic alliances (SAs) play in the formation of new ventures within a specific context, namely that of a First Nations community engaged in the Canadian natural resources sector. Grounded theory and a single case study approach was utilized to provide a deep understanding of the processes involved in the creation of a distinct new Aboriginal organizational form. A guiding framework is used which includes the concept of mixed embeddedness, resource-based theory and agency theory. Insight into the process and alloyed motivations of Indigenous entrepreneurship is gained that extends our understanding of opportunity structures wrought by the legacies of colonialism. A theory of context is developed building upon the aspects of collective agency, resources and a view that extends the concept of social embeddedness to encompass SAs as entrepreneurial tools for social transformation.

The reaction mechanism of dimethyl ether carbonylation to methyl acetate over mordenite was studied theoretically with periodic density functional theory calculations including dispersion forces and experimentally in a fixed bed flow reactor at pressures between 10 and 100 bar, dimethyl ether concentrations in CO between 0.2 and 2.0%, and at a temperature of 438 K. The theoretical study showed that the reaction of CO with surface methyl groups, the rate-limiting step, is faster in the eight-membered side pockets than in the twelve-membered main channel of the zeolite; the subsequent reaction of dimethyl ether with surface acetyl to form methyl acetate was demonstrated to occur with low energy barriers in both the side pockets and in the main channel. The present analysis has thus identified a path, where the entire reaction occurs favourably on a single site within the side pocket, in good agreement with previous experimental studies. The experimental study of the reaction kinetics was consistent with the theoretically derived mechanism and in addition revealed that the methyl acetate product inhibits the reaction – possibly by sterically hindering the attack of CO on the methyl groups in the side pockets.

Hirsutism is a common condition that can affect individuals of any age group. The medical literature has so far concentrated on this problem in women of reproductive age. Postmenopausal women represented 15 of referrals to a hirsutism clinic. In contrast to premenopausal women with hirsutism, postmenopausal women were concerned almost exclusively with facial hair. They were also less likely to have used either local or systemic treatments. While in premenopausal women there was a negative correlation between age and androgens and a positive correlation between age and the amount of facial hair, these associations were not found in the postmenopausal subjects.

OBJECTIVE: To determine a reference range for the 75-g glucose tolerance test (GTT) in pregnancy using a group of women at low risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to determine the validity of this reference range by examining selected pregnancy outcomes for glucose-tolerant women with a 2-h result on the GTT up to 1.0 mmol/l below the diagnostic level for GDM compared with treated women with GDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The reference range for the GTT was determined in 573 Caucasian women with an age <25 years and a BMI of <25 kg/m2. Selected pregnancy outcomes were compared between 272 treated women with GDM (diagnosed on the basis of a 2-h glucose level > or =8.0 mmol/l) and 308 women with a 2-h glucose level of 7.0-7.9 mmol/l. RESULTS: There was 95% confidence that at least 95% of all the fasting glucose levels are < or =5.1 mmol/l(92 mg/dl) and 95% confidence that at least 95% of all the 2-h glucose levels were < or =7.8 mmol/l (140 mg/dl). Treated women with GDM had a significantly reduced rate of large-for-gestational-age infants compared with glucose-tolerant women, without any increase in the rate of small-for-gestational-age infants or obstetric interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The reference range for the GTT in pregnancy should be determined on a low-risk population rather than on a total population. Consideration should be given to lowering the fasting glucose level to 5.0 mmol/l (90 mg/dl) and the 2-h level to 7.8 mmol/ (140 mg/dl). Glucose-tolerant women below this relatively low reference range have an increased rate of large-for-gestational-age infants and may benefit from treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The American Diabetes Association has recommended that pregnant women with low-risk factors need not be tested for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of GDM in women with low-risk factors and to see if the pregnancy outcomes of women with GDM from a low-risk group were different from the outcomes of other women with GDM. RESEARCH DESION AND METHODS: Over an 18-month period, all pregnant women were offered a test for GDM using a 75-g glucose tolerance test at the beginning of the 3rd trimester. GDM was diagnosed if the 2-h glucose level was > or =8.0 mmol/l. The prevalence of GDM was determined in women with defined low-risk factors (Caucasian ethnic origin, age <25 years, and BMI <25 kg/m2). The pregnancy outcomes of women with GDM from a low-risk group were compared with those of other women with GDM. RESULTS: From a tested population of 2,907 women, 573 were identified as coming from a low-risk group. The prevalence of GDM in this low-risk group was 2.8%. The pregnancy outcomes of women with GDM from a low-risk group were no different from the pregnancy outcomes of other women with GDM, with respect to frequency of insulin use, units of insulin per day, morbidity, emergency caesarian section, and the percentage of both large- and small-for-gestational-age babies. In our population, if low-risk women were excluded, 80% of women would still require testing and nearly 10% of all cases of GDM would be missed. CONCLUSIONS: Women from a low-risk group have a 2.8% prevalence rate of GDM. The pregnancy outcomes of women with GDM from a low-risk group are similar to the outcomes of other women with GDM. Concerning the use of the 75-g glucose tolerance test in pregnancy, the recommendation not to test women from a low-risk group requires further evaluation in different populations before it can be endorsed.

This study examined whether systematic training enables fifth and sixth graders to become instructional trainers with severely handicapped students. The training program focused on teaching cafeteria skills and consisted of three components: formal information sessions, in vivo instruction, and feedback sessions. An ABAB reversal design was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the systematic training components. Results revealed that nonhandicapped students can become instructional trainers with severely handicapped students as long as systematic training is provided.

In a series of preliminary studies on the metabolism of the cornea, the oxygen uptake of the human cornea was compared with that of the bovine cornea. The rate of oxygen uptake of the human cornea was insignificantly low. Since the human eye from which the cornea studied was obtained had been removed during local anesthesia with pontocaine hydrochloride, the effect of this drug on the bovine cornea was tested. When a comparable amount of the drug was added to a normally respiring bovine cornea, a considerable decrease in the oxygen consumption resulted. Consequently, we set out to make systematic measurements on the inhibitory effect of this drug, to compare it with other drugs commonly used in the eye and to determine if possible in what portion of the respiratory chain the inhibition occurs. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIC Corneas from bovine eyes were used. The eyes arrived in the laboratory about two

Diabetes is a controllable disease, yet many adults struggle with managing this disease and are living with uncontrolled diabetes. Often, this can be attributed to patients’ inadequate health literacy affecting their diabetes management behaviors.

The article presents an obituary for Cecelia J. Dadian, senior editor and member of the American Historical Association.

To estimate the number of pregnant women in New South Wales who had not been tested for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during the period 1991‐1994. The number of women not tested for GDM was estimated from the recorded data available in the NSW Midwives Data Collection (MDC) annual reports and compared with three incidence surveys. The number of pregnant women not tested for GDM. Over the four‐year period, the average annual recorded MDC incidence of GDM was 2.2%. This percentage was adjusted up to 3.3% after review of the MDC validation study and an incidence study. However, the expected incidence of GDM from three incidence surveys was 6.6%. Thus, half of the pregnant women in NSW do not appear to have been tested for GDM. For the four‐year period 1991‐1994, an estimated 50% of women in NSW were probably not tested for GDM.

Objectives: We examined the obstetric outcomes of 138 treated women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared with 144 women who had a 2-hour, 15-g glucose tolerance test result of between 1.0 and 1.9 mmol/L (126 and 142 mg/dL, respectively). Methods: The subjects for this study were consecutive patients from a universal testing program for GDM during 1993. Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed if the 2-hour plasma glucose level was 8.0 mmol/L (144 mg/dL) or greater after a 15-g glucose load in the fasting state. Results: Treated women with GDM had a macrosomia rate of 8.0%, which was significantly less (V &lt;.02) than the rate of 11.4% in the “normal” women. Treated women with GDM had a 2.2% rate of fetuses weighing less than 2500 g, which was significantly lower (P =.05) than the 6.9% rate for normal women. Overall, insulin therapy was used in 23.2% of the women with GDM, and no insulin-treated woman had either a macrosomic fetus or a fetus weighing less than 2500 g. Conclusions: Treated women with GDM, particularly those who receive insulin, have a more favorable fetal outcome than women who have a glucose result between 1.0 and 1.9 mmol/L (126 and 142 mg/dL). These results suggest that the current diagnostic criteria for GDM, with respect to fetal outcomes, may need revision, and an additional subgroup of pregnant women may benefit from dietary advice. (J Soc Gynecol Invest 1995;2:523-5)

A retrospective survey was carried out on all patients within the city of Wollongong who had obtained a home glucose meter in the two‐year period from July 1981 to June 1983. From the responses, we found that 49% of patients were not using their meter in an optimal way. Between these patients and those who made optimal use of their meter, the only significant difference was that the former were less likely to have had a machine on loan before purchase. The high percentage of patients making less than optimal use of their home glucose meter indicates a need to review the manner in which these machines are obtained.

To assess some of the employment experiences of people with diabetes mellitus and to compare their experiences with those of a non‐diabetic sibling control group. Design: A questionnaire about employment experiences was administered to diabetic subjects aged 16–39 years, and an abbreviated questionnaire was administered to their eligible siblings. Setting: The Illawarra area of New South Wales. Participants: The names of diabetic subjects were obtained from the Illawarra diabetes register. Results: Interviews were conducted with 184 of 226 (81.4%) eligible diabetic subjects and with 70 eligible siblings. There were no significant differences between the diabetic subjects and their siblings with respect to educational achievements and rates of employment. Siblings reported a mean of 2.6 days sickness absenteeism in the year prior to the survey. Diabetics were absent from work for a mean of 4.5 days for reasons not related to their diabetes and for a mean of 2.6 days for diabetic causes. Within the diabetic group, 50% felt that having diabetes would make it more difficult to find another job, 33.7% felt that diabetes would influence their search for alternative employment and 19.6% felt that at some stage they had been refused employment because of their diabetes. Fifteen per cent of diabetics were aware of an example of discrimination and 24.2% of diabetics in employment had at some stage tried to hide their diagnosis from their employer. Conclusions: Diabetics do not appear disadvantaged compared with their siblings with respect to employment participation but are more likely to be absent from work due to sickness. However, many diabetic subjects had experienced a job refusal, had tried to hide their diagnosis from employers, were aware of examples of discrimination and were very negative about future employment prospects.

Objectives:We examined the obstetric outcomes of 138 treated women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared with 144 women who had a 2-hour, 75-g glucose tolerance test result of between 7.0 and 7.9 mmol/L (126 and 142 mg/dL, respectively).Methods:The subjects for this study were consecutive patients from a universal testing program for GDM during 1993. Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed if the 2-hour plasma glucose level was 8.0 mmol/L (144 mg/dL) or greater after a 75-g glucose load in the fasting state.Results:Treated women with GDM had a macrosomia rate of 8.0%, which was significantly less (P < .02) than the rate of 17.4% in the “normal” women. Treated women with GDM had a 2.2% rate of fetuses weighing less than 2500 g, which was significantly lower (P = .05) than the 6.9% rte for normal women. Overall, insulin therapy was used in 23.2% of the women with GDM, and no insulin-treated woman had either a macrosomic fetus or a fetus weighing less than 2500 g.Conclusions:Treated women with GDM, particularly those who receive insulin, have a more favorable fetal outcome than women who have a glucose result between 7.0 and 7.9 mmol/L (126 and 142 mg/dL). These results suggest that the current diagnostic criteria for GDM, with respect to fetal outcomes, may need revision, and an additional subgroup of pregnant women may benefit from dietary advice.

The results of 23 228 finger‐prick capillary blood glucose tests (the taking of which was coordinated by the Diabetic Association of New South Wales) were reviewed. All non‐diabetic persons (n= 860) with a blood glucose result of greater than or equal to 8.0 mmol/L were surveyed and 459 responded (53.4%). The responders were typical of the surveyed group with respect to age and capillary blood glucose level. Sixty‐four new cases of diabetes were detected, representing 15.8% of the replies from persons who were not known to have diabetes and 0.28% of the total number of persons screened.

Written in French, this work reports the results of a longitudinal study of past-time reference in the interlanguages of four Swedish learners of French. Unlike most previous studies of L2 acquisition of temporal expression, which have focused on early interlanguage, Kihlstedt shifts the focus of inquiry in this study to the oral production of advanced L2 learners. Kihlstedt discusses evidence supporting a modified interpretation of Andersens (1991) developmental stages in past temporal expression and proposes an ordering of aspectual value assignment to the passé composéand imparfaitconstructions in Swedish-French interlanguage.

Written in French, this work reports the results of a longitudinal study of past-time reference in the interlanguages of four Swedish learners of French. Unlike most previous studies of L2 acquisition of temporal expression, which have focused on early interlanguage, Kihlstedt shifts the focus of inquiry in this study to the oral production of advanced L2 learners. Kihlstedt discusses evidence supporting a modified interpretation of Andersen's (1991) developmental stages in past temporal expression and proposes an ordering of aspectual value assignment to the passé composé and imparfait constructions in Swedish-French interlanguage.