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While the literature is abundant on hand therapy assessment and treatment of nonsurgical thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis (OA), clarity and uniformity are meager, making it a desirable diagnosis to establish expert consensus. This study aimed to ascertain if consensus exists for the assessment and treatment of nonsurgical management of thumb CMC OA in the hand therapy clinical setting. This was a consensus paper via the modified Delphi approach. A modified Delphi method was used to determine consensus among an expert panel, including hand therapists and hand surgeons, via two online surveys. A consensus paper steering committee (from the American Society of Hand Therapist's research division) designed the surveys and analyzed responses. Consensus was established as 75% agreement among the expert panel. Demographic information was collected from the expert panel. The expert panel included 34 hand therapists and seven hand surgeons. The survey response rates were 93.6% for the first survey and 90.2% for the second survey. Consensus recommendations were classified according to the World Health Organization categorization. These included evaluating the body structures for clinical signs/clinical testing and body functions for pain, range of motion for palmar abduction, radial abduction, opposition, and thumb metacarpal phalangeal flexion/extension, and grip and tripod pinch strength. Further consensus recommendations were for the assessment of function using a region-specific, upper extremity patient-reported outcome measure (activity and participation), environmental factors, outcome expectation, and illness perception within the patient's unique environmental and social contexts. Treatment recommendations included the use of an orthosis during painful activities, a dynamic stability program (stable C posture, release of tight adductors, and strengthening of stabilizers), patient education, joint protection techniques, adaptive equipment, and functional-based intervention. The findings describe the consensus of a group of experts and provide a clinical reference tool on the hand therapy assessment and treatment of nonsurgical thumb CMC joint OA. • A consensus paper using a modified Delphi process to determine consensus on non-surgical assessment and treatment of thumb CMC OA. • Assessment recommendations: evaluate clinical signs/testing, pain, thumb range of motion grip and tripod pinch, a region-specific PROM, environmental factors, outcome expectation, and illness perception. • Treatment: orthosis during painful activities as needed, a dynamic stability program, patient education, joint protection techniques, adaptive equipment, and functional based intervention. • Findings provide a clinical reference tool on hand therapy assessment and treatment of non-surgical CMC joint OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-regulated learning (SRL) and metacognitive processes are important in education because they contribute to effective learning and improved academic performance. Metacognitive SRL may be facilitated by the implementation of computer technology. This qualitative study examined the presence and use of metacognitive SLR processes among elementary school students as they completed computer-and paper-based reading assignments. Students in two after-school programs were recruited from a public school district in a southeastern region of the United States (U.S.). The participants consisted of 52 elementary students in Grades 2-5. Students participated in two, counterbalanced, conditions that involved computer- and paper-based reading assignments. Observations and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The results indicated that students were more likely to apply metacognitive SRL skills when reading on paper than reading on a computer. Overall, students showed signs of planning more in the paper than in the computer condition but student behaviors and responses differed between grades. Monitoring practices appeared in both the computer- and the paper-based reading assignment, with monitoring connected with background knowledge in Grades 2 and 3 but reading content in Grades 4 and 5. Control processes such as retrying and representing graphically were more common in the computer- than in the paper-based reading across all grades. Students used their score in a reading assignment as an evaluation tool to assess performance in the computer- and paper-based reading condition. These findings suggest that the utilization of prior information, integration of multimedia and verbal signals, and comfort level with the reading medium all influenced students' SRL decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudos Ibero-Americanos is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigated whether reading comprehension would differ when the texts are studied and tested on screen or on paper. Participants were 69 college students who were attending a college in midwestern United States. Participants read two expository texts each, under comparable paper and screen conditions and answered comprehension questions. Test forms and the order of the conditions were counterbalanced. The correlations between reading outcomes and reader characteristics were examined. Participants also completed a survey on their views on the two media (paper or screen). The results did not indicate a significant difference on students' reading comprehension as a function of medium and reader characteristics. However, students reported preferring paper-based reading for complex material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study investigated how pre-service teachers of English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) experienced and learned from their completion of a reflective project, including a reflection paper and digital storytelling. The participants were 20 graduate students in a program for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) at a university in the United States. This study aimed to identify participants' experiences when completing the project and its influences on their learning. The findings demonstrated their diverse performance and perspectives during the tasks, as well as their learning in language, culture, education, and technology. Based on these findings, dialogic hybrid learning and the pedagogical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cash register receipts made of thermal paper expose workers and shoppers to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and contaminate paper recycling streams. In 2022, 571 receipts were collected from retail stores in the United States and tested for developer chemicals using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy. The results were compared to a 2017 study of 167 receipts to determine changes in color developer use over time. Receipts were tested as-is and a subset were additionally subjected to a simple extraction that improved detection of receipt chemicals. Bisphenol S was the most frequently detected developer (85% of tested receipts), followed by Pergafast 201 (12%), bisphenol A (1%); and Appvion Alpha Free, D-8, and NKK-1304 (each below 1%). NKK-1304 is reported here for the first time in a scientific journal. The frequency of bisphenol A usage in receipts decreased and the frequency of bisphenol S and Pergafast 201 increased between 2017 and 2022, particularly among large companies. National retailers were more likely than regional or local retailers to have adopted non-bisphenol alternatives. Potential health and environmental hazards of the detected developer chemicals and strategies for reduction are discussed. [Display omitted] • Infrared spectroscopy was used to identify thermal paper receipt chemicals. • BPS is a major replacement chemical for BPA in U.S. thermal paper receipts. • Non-bisphenol receipt frequency was 5% in 2017 and 16% in 2022. • Between 2017 and 2022 large national businesses mostly replaced BPA with non-bisphenols. • Between 2017 and 2022 local/regional businesses mostly replaced BPA with BPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Prior to the 1912 Townsend Amendment in US copyright law, motion pictures could not be registered as such for copyright protection. Seeking protection against competitors, filmmakers in the formative years of the film industry printed their films to photographic paper and deposited them for copyright as a series of individual photographs. This method of complying with a technicality in the copyright law inadvertently led to the preservation of the earliest chapter in US motion picture history, a chapter that otherwise might have been lost. The socalled Paper Print Collection, still housed at the Library of Congress, encompasses approximately 3,000 film titles. This article examines the significance of the relation between copyright, archival practices and the consequences for the study of film history. It demonstrates how (circumventions of) mandatory copyright formalities were instrumental in the safeguarding of the film titles. In turn, they played a pivotal role in the 1978 International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF) Congress in Brighton, UK, the landmark event that constituted a turning point in film historiography. An examination of the Paper Print Collection provides new insights into the relationship between copyright, registration systems, and media historiographies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most states recognize a privilege for journalists to protect confidential sources from compelled disclosure. The privilege varies from state to state, and a major difference is how they define a journalist--i.e., a person qualified to claim the privilege. Some schemes are narrow and limit their coverage to employees of professional news organizations. Others are broad and cover freelancers, filmmakers, bloggers, and others who gather information for publication. But what about student journalists? Are they covered? In recent years, as traditional media have adapted to changing circumstances, student journalists have played a vital role in meeting their communities' needs for news. This Article explores whether state reporter's privilege protections cover student journalists by reviewing existing privilege schemes, ultimately finding that most exclude student journalists. This poses a unique problem because, as one commentator put it, "[i]f we're going to ask students to fulfill the responsibility of being front-line newsgatherers, the least we can do is send them out into the field with the confidence of meaningful legal protection." With that in mind, the Article offers solutions and calls for legislative action, arguing that student journalists need more than a paper shield to fulfill their editorial responsibilities. This is the first comprehensive scholarly analysis of these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the assumptions and background of assessment of the prospective energy, environment, and financial performance of biorefineries that is a commercial gasification-based which is incorporated with kraft pulp and paper mills. This assessment was made due to the anticipation of the commercialization of black liquor and biomass gasification technologies. Designs were developed for a reference mill in the southeastern United States with the associated mass/energy balances. air emissions estimates, and capital investment requirements.

The article presents a study about the use of use polarized light reflectometry technique in analyzing a wide-scale of coated papers from pulp mills in the U.S. The polarized light reflectometry technique measures roughness and refractive index of the surface which can help in examining the surface porosity properties. The study aims to show how the technique can provide information about surface porosity, composition, and structure. The study reveals that the technique is useful for investigating of the coating structure and explains the source of gloss. However, the technique needs further applications and materials to be studied to examine its consistency.

The article presents a study on how trace metals enter the paper mill and how pulp ion exchange regulates where the trace elements go in the bleach plant in the U.S. The study uses the method of analysis of condition in a mill that had encountered a calcium oxalate scale and analyze the ion exchange, ion activity, and acid-base activity that affects ion concentrations of calcium and oxalate. The study reveals that the potential of hydrogen of 2.5 in the first chlorine dioxide bleach does not go lower and the use of chlorine dioxide generator should be avoided in any risk of barium sulfate scale.

The article presents the effects of a waste paper product on soil phosphorus, carbon, and bulk density. Soil test values for phosphorus have increased due to the applications of manures to agricultural fields in the United States. Because of the application, there is a probability that phosphorus will be in the surface water. The effect will be the degradation of water quality. The danger of phosphorus transport to surface water may be lowered through the application of waste paper on soils with high soil test phosphorus. In Booneville, Arizona, a test was conducted to show the effects of adding waste paper product on soil phosphorus, carbon, and bulk density.

On the evening of January 31, 2016, I sat down to follow a Sunday night routine shared by millions of Americans: I watched 60 Minutes. An hour later, 1 was mad. For the first time in my life I felt a little embarrassed to be a lawyer. What ruined my Sunday evening? I watched Steve Kroft's report on the Global Witness Investigation "Undercover in New York," in which an undercover Global Witness investigator visited thirteen New York lawyers. The investigator posed as a representative of a fictitious African government official who wanted to bring a large amount of suspicious money into the U.S. Only one lawyer immediately refused to help. The others "suggested using anonymous companies or trusts to hide the [Minister's assets" and openly discussed "how to move suspect funds into the United States". It turns out that Global Witness investigation uncovered just the tip of the iceberg. The Panama Papers revealed lawyers in the United States and around the world engaging in this conduct on a massive scale for clients. What could have led all of these lawyers to believe they were entitled to help a client hide what were obviously the proceeds of overseas wrongdoing? Do lawyers just not know the rules? This paper suggests a more troubling reality: prevailing ethical rules do not expressly--and probably do not impliedly--prohibit U.S. lawyers from helping a client to break the law of a foreign jurisdiction. The rules do not expressly require a lawyer who "reasonably believes" a client is breaking the law--even U.S. law--to withdraw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As journalists from around the world descended on the South during the civil rights movement, the local southern press served largely as an ally to segregationists and the campaign for massive resistance to integration. Despite the best efforts of pro-segregation propagandists, the visiting press often presented perspectives and realities deemed a threat to the “southern way of life.” In response, outside journalists and news organizations became the targets of segregationist backlash, including sustained editorial attacks from within the southern press aimed at their alleged integrationist anti-southern agendas, affiliations, and motives. As outside journalists repeatedly experienced intimidation, ridicule, and even violence while covering the movement, southern editorials cultivated and fanned the flames of this already hostile environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author discusses the complexities of immigrants registration under the U.S. Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) and the requirement for immigrants to carry the legal papers regarding the national identity.

The article reports on developmental education reforms for improving success and completion rates of underprepared students at two-year colleges in the U.S. It states that two-year college faculty are charged with implementing such initiatives and are asked to make decisions about program redesign without training or compensation. It further mentions that Two-Year College English Association (TYCA) offers recommendations for administrators and legislators such as contingent faculty.

The article discusses the author's opinions on how long law school exam answers, court briefs, and other legal compositions should be as of May 2014, focusing on various legal scholarship standards in terms of law-review articles and footnotes. The attitudes of American law professors are mentioned, along with the concept that good ideas do not have to be explained by long answers and multiple pages of text. Readability and the value of short papers are also examined.

The article offers information about analysis of the White Paper regarding problems of the U.S. laws and policy on international antiquities trade. Topics discussed include role of the grey literature in helping the U.S. Congress in dealing with the interests of museums, reforms made in the U.S. laws and policies for regulating the trade and role of this policy in managing the U.S. cultural life with commerce. It also discusses role of the U.S. Department of Justice in law enforcement.

Focuses on the supply and demand of copier papers. Brand marketing used to gain market shares; Impact of Brazilian and Indonesian paper exports to the U.S.; U.S. demand for copier papers; Competition in the paper industry. INSET: STOP THE PRESSES—DEMAND IS INCREASING..

Provides information about the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry's 2004 Paper Summit in Atlanta, Georgia. Events and activities scheduled for the summit; List of topics and speakers.

The article presents an interview with Kathleen Bennett former chairperson and current board member of the American Red Cross — Anderson (SC) on Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) and significant changes in technology and research in paper industry and forest products.

Provides an overview of the value proposition of technology solution providers in the pulp and paper industry in the U.S. Details of the offerings of various providers such as Accenture, Microsoft and Peoplesoft; Tips on how to successfully implement technology solutions; Need for an overall technology solution map that is tied to short and long term business issues and opportunities.

Discusses the market changes for U.S. coated paper and board. Demand for coated free sheet; Increasing interest in the coated ink jet and coated papers for digital printing; Coated folding carton board demand; Specific processes and materials affecting production.

The article offers information on the Combat Paper Project. This project assists veterans in reconciling and sharing their personal experiences through paper making workshops. The papermaking workshops allow the veterans to create cathartic works by using their uniforms worn in combat. Their old uniforms are being cut up and beaten into a pulp and then they will form it into sheets of paper. This project is being conducted in the U.S., Canada and Great Britain.

Abstract: Adoption of energy efficient technologies is considered a key sustainability strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in global industries. This article aims to assess costs of energy savings and carbon reduction from applying energy efficiency technologies in the US pulp and paper sector. Applicable efficiency measures were identified and their cost effectiveness was evaluated in two historical years – 1994 and 2006. Potential savings of final energy use resulting from applicable sustainability options were estimated as 707 PJ in 1994 and 1064 PJ in 2006, respectively, corresponding to approximately 32% of the sector''s annual final energy use in 1994 and 62% in 2006. The associated carbon-emission reduction was 8.1 million ton of carbon (MtC) in 1994 and 11.8MtC in 2006, corresponding to 26% and 45% of sector''s total energy-related carbon emissions in 1994 and 2006, respectively. Using the concepts of cost of conserved energy and cost of carbon reduction, we estimated that cost effective sustainability options contributed to final energy savings in the range of 15–25% of the annual energy use, and carbon-emission reduction from 14% to 20% of annual carbon emissions from the sector. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article focuses on papers about places written by students in the U.S. for their environmental history class in 2013. Topics discussed include the challenge facing undergraduate students over studying environmental history, how educator Brian Donahue teaches the principles of forestry to his students, and a paper wrote by Eastern Michigan University students. Also mentioned are the subjects explored by students while writing a paper such as landfills, insects, and trees.

The article presents the archives collected by architectural historian Esther McCoy in the U.S. The papers contain a wide range of documents including research files, drafts, finished texts and working notes, photographs and slides. It also features the pictures of illuminated structures and designs developed by architect-engineer-contractor Felix Candela and architect Juan O'Gorman which is the snail-form tower of the entrance of house in Mexico. She donated her accumulated archives at the Archives of American Art.

The article discusses the study conducted by the research team from the Institute of Paper Science and Technology at Georgia Institute of Technology and Imerys to advance application of starch-encapsulated papermaking fillers in the U.S. The study illustrates that starch-encapsulated fillers can facilitate a near-doubling of filler content compare to conventional levels at equal tensile and z-direction tensile (ZDT). Also mentions is the ability of SEK to function as a fiber extender.

Abstract: Clinical trial data and fracture risk prediction models unequivocally demonstrate the utility of identifying prevalent vertebral fractures to predict future fractures of all types. Knowledge of prevalent vertebral fractures can alter patient management decisions and result in initiation of therapy to reduce fracture risk in some patients who would not otherwise be treated. Cost-benefit analysis demonstrates that identifying and treating patients with vertebral fractures, even those with a densitometric classification of osteopenia, is cost effective. Vertebral fractures can be readily identified in the office setting using standard radiography or Vertebral Fracture Assessment (VFA), a software addition to a central dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) machine. In the United States, VFA was assigned a Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code in January 2005. Nevertheless, coverage of VFA has not been uniformly embraced by Medicare carriers, companies that contract with the federal government to administer Medicare coverage and process claims for a region of the United States. Unlike DXA, for which uniform national coverage of qualified Medicare beneficiaries is mandated by the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, VFA coverage policies are determined by the local Medicare carriers. Third-party insurers are also variable in their coverage of VFA. This International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) White Paper documents the role of VFA in the evaluation and treatment of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis and compares it with standard spine radiography. Arguments used by some Medicare carriers and insurers to deny coverage of VFA in the United States are analyzed and critiqued. For health care providers within the United States, this White Paper may serve as a resource to respond to insurers who deny coverage of VFA. For health care providers regardless of their country, this article underscores the value of VFA as an alternative to spine radiography in the evaluation and management of postmenopausal women with suspected osteoporosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Information about several papers discussed at a session on currents from Chicago, Illinois and the impact of U.S. sociology around the world, that were given before the American Sociological Association, are presented. The papers presented ventures into the history of sociology and emphasizes its effort as a discipline to confront the realities of war and peace, poverty and wealth, nationalism and imperialism, dominance and subornation and to define the role of sociology and sociologists in the face of these realities.

The climate change policy debate and ensuing discussions about industrial energy use and carbon emissions have highlighted the need to: (a) aggregate engineering information to a level relevant for economic policy analysis while maintaining sufficient detail so that results are meaningful for industry decision makers, (b) properly represent an industry’s capital vintage structure to better understand inertia associated with changes in aggregate industrial emissions profiles, and (c) identify policy instruments that leverage an industry’s potential for technological change such that carbon emissions can be noticeably reduced. This paper presents an econometric analysis of energy use and emissions profiles of the US Pulp and Paper Industry and uses the resulting set of equations to specify a dynamic model for the analysis of select climate change policies. Scenarios of cost of carbon, energy tax, and investment-led policies indicate that a combination of cost of carbon and investment-led policies can achieve the desired result of rapidly improving overall efficiency of the industry and promoting changes in fuel mix, which together can result in drastic reductions of carbon emissions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article offers several position papers related to dental education by the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) in the U.S. The papers, approved by the 2003 House of Delegates, are presented as reference for dental education, dental educators and institution in the educational program. Specifically, it discusses freedom and responsibilities of individuals and institutions, health care, and due process for students in dental education.

The article discusses the historical background of the development of research paper in English curriculum for secondary and postsecondary education in the U.S. In 1987, the American education was transformed in the introduction of the German model of education with the fundamentals of learning, research and writing prior to the opening of Johns Hopkins University. Debate arose over the inclusion of research paper in high school curriculum that was linked with the debate over composition courses. Several alternatives of writing research paper were introduced in various article published between 1923 and 1980. A group of English teachers suggested various types of research presentation which often caters multiple media.

Field surveys were carried out at sixteen pulp and paper mills in the United States—seven kraft process, two sulfite process, and seven recycling process mills—for the presence of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in precipitates and scales. NORM was detected at three of the kraft mills, one sulfite mill, and none of the recycling mills. At one of the kraft mills, the NORM was associated with a commercial aluminum sulfate ("alum") slurry used on the paper machines and in intake water treatment. The maximum activity level of this alum scale was 252,000 Bq kg[sup -1] (6,800 pCi g[sup -1]) [sup 228]Ra. At two kraft mills, NORM was associated with precipitates in the bleach plant. The measured NORM activity in samples of these scales was approximately 44,400 Bq kg[sup -1] (1,200 pCi g[sup -1]) [sup 226]Ra. Where NORM was detected at a sulfite mill, the NORM deposits were found adhering tightly to the surfaces of brownstock washers. Although samples were not removed for radionuclide analysis, survey readings at the drum surface were 26 nC kg[sup -1] h[sup -1] (100 µR h[sup -1]) with a scintillation counter and 2,200 cpm with a Geiger-Muller counter. At all mills, exposure rate measurements and risk assessment calculations indicated that it would be highly unlikely for any worker's annual exposure to exceed 1 mSv (100 mrem) (the Nuclear Regulatory Commission limit for untrained workers) due to exposure to these materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the precedent formed in the U.S. Supreme Court case New York Times Co. versus (v.) United States, also known as (aka) the Pentagon Papers. It states that the actions by Julian Assange in the unauthorized issuance of classified data are a ploy to earn notoriety for WikiLeaks, which is his website. It says that restrictions on free press and on free speech are not new. It says that the case hinges on two free speech established tests, such as imminent lawless action and a present and clear danger.

The article reports on the usage of Swales's ‘Moves’ in research paper assignment by composition students in the U.S. Most first-year composition students do not define the research paper task the way college teachers would like them to. The students do not necessarily produce papers overwhelmingly superior to their previous essays and worthy of publication in a scholarly journal. They do learn to view themselves as original researchers. The author does not require that all students adopt the localized-field-research approach, let alone that they all use Swales's moves in their introductions.

This white paper is a collaborative endeavor of many individuals, including members of the American Association of Law Libraries and its Digital Access to Legal Information Committee (DALIC), formerly the Electronic Legal Information Access & Citation (ELIAC) Committee. First, Justice Yvonne Kauger introduces the topic by identifying the groundbreaking steps taken by the Oklahoma Supreme Court. Law librarians Carol Billings and Kathy Carlson next provide a detailed and comprehensive history of citation reform and the American Association of Law Libraries' leadership and involvement in the issue. They also summarize the citation reform steps taken in selected jurisdictions. Finally, John Cannan, current DALIC member, provides a look to the future, identifying reasons to advance needed citation reform now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on boys' consumption of and contributions to U.S. children's periodicals in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Particular focus is given to the magazines "Boys of New York" and "Happy Days". According to the author, boys' fiction periodicals, called story papers, provided opportunities for youths to shape their consumer culture, improve their writing abilities, and explore adult roles. Topics discussed include professional literacy and letters to the editor.

Advisory Committees to the Food and Drag Administration provide FDA with expert advice on medical and scientific topics relevant to FDA's responsibility to protect and promote the public health. The history and experience with Advisory Committees (since authorization in federal law in 1972) provides a rich background to inform a review of best practices. The following best practices for the Advisory Committee process are noteworthy: • Role definition: A shared understanding of the roles of all participants in the Advisory Committee process helps to foster productive meetings and facilitates prompt resolution of potentially contentious issues. • Transparency: FDA and sponsor should operate with transparency in bidirectional sharing of information and perspectives before, during, and after a product-specific Advisory Committee meeting. • Regulatory knowledge: Advisory Committee members, .special government employees, consultants, and sponsors must all have a fundamental knowledge of the regulatory principles governing the Advisory Committee process, as well as development and registration of drug and biologic products. • Access and focus: FDA has an ongoing need for access to external medical and scientific experts to augment the agency's internal experts. Consultation with Advisory Committees should be focused on situations (as described in this article) where external advice is warranted to aid FDA in efforts to protect and promote the public health. • Training: Optimization of the Advisory Committee process and implementation of best practices across the multiple committees and reviewing divisions in FDA require training of all participants. PhRMA member companies strive to embrace these best practices in working with reviewing divisions, the Executive Secretary of each committee, and Advisory Committees. This white paper is presented to foster further dialogue to aid continuous improvement in the Advisory Committee process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of development, manufacturing, registration, distribution, and postmarketing support of drug and biologic products includes the need for clear, active, and ongoing communication between the sponsor/applicant and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Such communication occurs in written and spoken form, involving multiple media (including letters, secure e-mail, fax, face-to-face meetings, and teleconferences). Personnel in PhRMA member companies and FDA recognize the importance and challenges of communication. FDA's attention to a number of key principles of communication is illustrated in the guidance document Good Review Management Principles and Practices for PDUFA Products. this white paper, members of PhRMA's Best Practices Working Group have summarized key information on communication from the guidance document, proposed expectations for communications to facilitate a shared understanding between FDA and applicant about a communication strategy during review of a New Drug Application (NDA) or Biologics License Application (BLA), and drafted some basic principles for companies to adopt to help foster constructive, professional, and efficient communication with FDA on Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) products. Dialogue with FDA and other stakeholders about these principles and proposals is suggested as the logical next step in discussion of best practices for communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on the collection of the papers of Tennessee political leader Edward Hull Crump which chronicles his career and provides an opportunity to explore the lives of 20th century U.S. citizens as they negotiated the catastrophes of economic devastation and global war. Important documents housed in the Crump collection; Details of the magazine and newspaper articles that document the evolution of Crump's media image; Letters and petitions from individual citizens and neighborhood groups demanding city action included in the Crump collection.

Evaluates the short- and intermediate-term effects of repeatedly amending sandy soil with paper mill residuals (PMR) and composted PMR in a vegetable rotation in Wisconsin's central sands. Effects of PMR and composted PMR on total soil carbon; Changes in water-holding capacity and plant-available water (PAW); Relationship between total soil carbon and PAW.