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Xuan paper is one of the most famous handmade papers in China and is an important paper for conservation. However, the evenness of Xuan paper has not yet received much attention. In this study, the distribution of the in-plane grammage and mechanical properties of Xuan paper are measured. It is found that the distribution of the in-plane grammage and mechanical properties of Xuan paper is uneven. In the handmade direction, the grammage and mechanical properties of Xuan paper are overall largest in the lower area, followed by the upper and middle areas. The sheet forming process of Xuan paper has an important effect on the distribution of in-plane grammage, mechanical properties, and fiber orientation of Xuan paper. The folded state has a negative effect on the mechanical properties of the folded area of Xuan paper. This study will help raise awareness of the unevenness in physical properties of Xuan paper, which is important in both conservation and research applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "ChatGPT and healthcare: Unlocking the potential of patient empowerment" by Harvey Castro MD, MBA explores the application of ChatGPT, an AI language model developed by OpenAI, in the healthcare industry. The book discusses the benefits of ChatGPT for patients, such as generating concise summaries of medical histories and providing professional abstracts of research papers. It also highlights the importance of cautious utilization of ChatGPT due to potential risks and limitations, including non-intuitive responses and sensitivity to data alterations. The author emphasizes the need for enhanced medical and healthcare literacy to maximize the utility of ChatGPT. The book also addresses legal and ethical issues surrounding ChatGPT usage in healthcare, including privacy concerns and the need for clinical validation. Overall, the book presents ChatGPT as a tool that has the potential to transform healthcare services and improve patient experiences, but also acknowledges the challenges and limitations associated with its use. [Extracted from the article]

The Journal of Critical Realism has issued a call for papers for a special issue on "critical realism and the self." The concept of the self is seen as crucial for social change and emancipatory theorizing. The special issue aims to explore various aspects of the self, including subjectivity, reflexivity, authenticity, personhood, and identity. Submissions can be theoretical or applied, and can engage with critical realism or critique it. The deadline for submissions is May 31, 2024, and the final papers are required by November 19, 2024. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study sought to appraise 7-year and 9-year-old Cedrela odorata for pulp and paper making. Sectioning and maceration processes were adopted. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 17.00. Cell characteristics for all ages and tree positions appeared similar but quantitatively, cells in 9-year-old generally exhibited some significant (p < .05) variations. Age and wood position generally had some significant influence on cell characteristics. Fibre lengths were generally short (<1.6 mm or 1600 µm) with variations in fibre morphology being significant axially than radially. In appraising the wood for paper production, derived fibre indices/values viz; Runkel ratio (ranging from 0.19 to 0.28), flexibility coefficient (ranging from 0.78 to 0.83), and slenderness ratio (ranging from 38.98 to 51.72) appeared to provide some positive indications. The species therefore, has potential for pulp and paper production, but further studies on its chemical consumption levels and other properties need to be ascertained towards a well-informed decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The papers of Beck and Snider (this issue) grapple with the place of abortion in our psychoanalytic thought and practice, locating abortion within the larger cultural and political world. At the heart of much of the difficulty surrounding a thoughtful consideration of abortion is the accompanying dissociative pressure arising from the binaries of life and death, of maternal versus fetal well-being, and the confounding of socio-cultural and personal decision making. I offer an intergenerational lens juxtaposing the polarized present with the open and accessible abortion landscape of the late 1970s. In both eras, examples are discussed where the political and cultural zeitgeist exerts dissociative pressure on patient and therapist alike, leaving little room for psychoanalytic exploration. The role of both partners in any conception is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the degradation behaviour of rolled hanging scrolls for future conservation treatments, we evaluated the degradation–position profiles of naturally aged hanging scrolls and their model samples, which were subjected to different storage conditions. For the sample immersed in a CuSO4・5H2O solution and rolled around a glass rod, accelerated ageing using the open method (80°C, 65% RH) revealed a tendency of lower pH and higher discolouration towards the central positions, where rolling caused the most tightness. However, no clear tendencies were observed for the concentration variations of organic acids. The degradation effects of the organic acids emitted from the paulownia wooden box were also examined using the sealed tube method by enclosing the rolled painting paper and acidic paper containing organic acids together in a glass tube. Large amounts of oxalic and formic acids were detected at the periphery and scant migration of the organic acids was observed towards the centre, thus indicating that the central positions of the painting paper were less susceptible to the influence of the organic acids emitted from the external environment. By contrast, glycolic acid diffused towards the centre. The analysis of two naturally aged hanging scrolls showed different degradation behaviours. One sample, stored open in the rolled state, showed severe discolouration with the naked eye at the outermost back surface of the scroll. This was possibly associated with the large amount of sulfate ions originating from the external atmosphere, which kept the pH lower and increased discolouration towards the peripheral positions of the painting paper. For the sample stored in a paulownia wooden box, discolouration was not observed with the naked eye at the outermost back surface of the scroll, although lower pH and higher discolouration were observed towards the central positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the factors affecting the life expectancy of hanging scrolls is the storage environment. Our study focused on clarifying the degradation behaviour of painting paper, concentrating on the specific storage conditions that provide an airtight environment in a storage box and the stacked structure of the rolled paper rather than considering the materials of the wooden storage box or the gases generated from it. The degradation behaviour and rates for the sealed tube and moist heat ageing methods, excluding the additional effects of light and air pollutants, were compared. When the painting paper was immersed in a CuSO4・5H2O solution instead of a copper green pigment, the oxidation of the painting paper, attributed to Cu2+, proceeded faster with the sealed tube method than with the moist heat method. The co-occurring organic acids generated, namely glycolic and formic acids, which were secondary components, were detected in a higher amount in the first lining paper than the painting paper. This implies that the acids migrated from the painting paper into the lining paper. However, oxalic acid, which was the main component, did not significantly migrate and remained in the reaction system in the sealed tube without volatilising. This increased the hydrogen ion concentration in the painting paper and accelerated acid hydrolysis. Consequently, discolouration and a decrease in the degree of polymerisation and physical strength proceeded faster with the sealed tube method than with the moist heat method. Thus, although this result does not necessarily invalidate the storage system of a rolled hanging scroll in a box, the storage of a deteriorated hanging scroll in a closed system is expected to degrade the painting paper faster than it would in an open system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing awareness of the importance of bacterial-resistant surfaces has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic global problem. Therefore, the need for antibacterial surfaces has become urgent. The by-product bagasse papers (BPs) were modified with antimicrobial natural rosin, followed by the synthesised graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles (GO-Ag-NPs) through a spin coating approach. The modified samples exhibited a remarkable antibacterial activity towards E. coli (G−ve bacteria) and S. aureus (G+ve bacteria). The microstructure, as well as phase composition of the prepared composites, was identified using various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and hydrophilicity which was metered by water contact angle (WCA). The obtained results demonstrated that the halos of inhibition were noticed for decorated TBP samples by GO-Ag-NPs with various diameters ranging from 20 to 25 mm. Consequently, packaging applications could be extra developed with these renewable nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The papers authored by the people who analyse, and discuss their own data, are known as primary literature. Finally, although it seems obvious, the authors of the review papers are specialists who can conduct objective and unbiased reviews and write convincing arguments within their area of specialty. [Extracted from the article]

Within the Master's course "Civil Engineering" at TU Darmstadt, a project has to be carried out. In the winter term 2018/2019 this was the design and fabrication of a bridge spanning 6 m and made entirely from paper. Students had to find bridge types suitable for the use of paper, develop and optimise cross sections and bracing systems and furthermore prove the load bearing capacity. This included the use of experimental methods explicitly. Finally, the bridge had to be erected crossing a small creek. No materials other than paper, cardboard and glue were allowed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Japanese painting paper is sized with an aqueous solution of alum and animal glue followed by brushing with a mixture of pigments of various colours and aqueous animal glue solution. Subsequently, to mount the Japanese painting to a hanging scroll, the backside of the painting is lined with a first lining paper using wheat starch paste for mechanical support. To evaluate the permanence of the painting paper as a composite material in the hanging scroll, the deterioration behaviour of the unlined painting paper and the lined painting paper was compared considering the material dynamics. After moist heat accelerated ageing (80°C, 65% RH), in the sample immersed in a CuSO4・5H2O solution, cellulose was oxidised by Cu2+ to generate organic acids in the painting paper, and Cu2+ and organic acids migrated to the lining paper. Consequently, the discolouration and oxidation of the painting paper in the lined complex were relatively low compared with those of the unlined painting paper. The pH decrease in the painting paper was also small in the lined complex. Moreover, if the animal glue solution was coated on the painting paper, a buffer effect was shown to operate against the organic acids derived from the oxidation of Cu2+, thereby inhibiting the migration of Cu2+ into the lining paper. In conclusion, the presence of the lining paper inhibited the decrease in the physical strength and degree of polymerisation of the cellulose in the painting paper, thus contributing to its permanence in the lined hanging scroll. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on findings of a series of interviews conducted with 27 archivists on the topic of grief and other emotions in archival work. Centering the words of the interviewed archivists and demonstrating a research ethic of deep listening, this article describes how the interviewed archivists encounter and experience grief and other emotions as part of working with records, researchers, and donors. Interview participants highlighted a lack of preparation for the emotional dimensions of archival work as well as difficulty and damaging silences surrounding emotions in the archival work. This article argues that a first step toward transformative change in the way archival education programs and workplaces address the emotional dimensions of archival work requires sincere and committed acknowledgment of these dimensions and of archival work as person-centered and relational. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated whether reading comprehension would differ when the texts are studied and tested on screen or on paper. Participants were 69 college students who were attending a college in midwestern United States. Participants read two expository texts each, under comparable paper and screen conditions and answered comprehension questions. Test forms and the order of the conditions were counterbalanced. The correlations between reading outcomes and reader characteristics were examined. Participants also completed a survey on their views on the two media (paper or screen). The results did not indicate a significant difference on students' reading comprehension as a function of medium and reader characteristics. However, students reported preferring paper-based reading for complex material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scott Worman and Hannah V. Mattson, University of New Mexico Arroyos and Agriculture: Geoarchaeological Investigations at Pueblo Pintado, published in Kiva 75(4)2008Anton Daughter, University of Arizona A Seventeenth-Century Instance of Hopi Clowning? This issue marks the 25th year that the Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society and the Arizona Archaeological Council have sponsored the annual Julian D. Hayden Paper Competition, named in honor of long-time southwestern scholar Julian Dodge Hayden. The competition is open to any bona fide undergraduate and graduate students at any recognized college or university and the winning entry receives a cash prize of $1,000 and publication of the paper in I Kiva i . [Extracted from the article]

"Teaching History in America: From Students to Professors" is a collaborative anthology by 31 Chinese historians who teach in universities in the United States. The book explores their experiences teaching history and offers observations and reflections on history education, college culture, and higher education administration in the US. The authors come from diverse backgrounds and teach at universities across different regions of the country, providing a comprehensive view of history education in US universities. The book also highlights the authors' efforts to integrate Chinese culture and educational ideas into their teaching, contributing to cultural exchange between China and the US. [Extracted from the article]

Variations in wood properties such as basic density, tissue proportion, fibre dimensions and their derived indices, cellulose and lignin content of Melia dubia at five age gradations were examined to evaluate the suitability of the species for pulp and paper production. The study showed that basic density, fibre proportion, fibre length, cell wall thickness, slenderness ratio, solids factor, cellulose and lignin content increased with tree age. However, vessel proportion, fibre width and lumen width decreased. Most of the wood properties were found suitable for making good quality pulp and paper at the age of 4 and 5 years in comparison to other hardwood species among five age gradation. Hence, harvesting at fourth and fifth year of age is suggested in M. dubia for high pulp yield and better paper quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anatomical and chemical properties of a lesser known species, Kawui wood, were investigated Two trees were examined based on IAWA, ASTM and SNI. A completely randomised design was used with radial direction of the trunk (sapwood and heartwood) as the factor, in three replications. It indicated the highest to lowest cell proportions are fibres, rays, vessels and parenchyma. The highest proportion of rays was in the sapwood, while the fibre was in the heartwood. However, the average fibre length in the sapwood was higher than the heartwood, while the lumen diameter showed the reverse. Holocellulose, α-cellulose, lignin, extractives, and ash content of the sapwood was higher than the heartwood. Based on its anatomical and chemical properties, Kawui wood can be included in grade II–IV, which is suitable for medium quality pulp and paper production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a keyword in context analysis of three editorials published in London-based papers regarding the events of 16 August 1819 in Manchester: one daily paper, The Courier, and two weeklies, Sherwin's Political Register and The Examiner. It aims to offer lexical evidence of the struggle for the cultural-political appropriation and representation of Peterloo 'in public consciousness'. To this end, insights from critical discourse analysis, specifically social actor theory, are used, and elements of rhetorical and argumentative analysis are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the life expectancy and difference in aging resistance properties of different modern repair bamboo papers, hydrothermal/dry-heat ageing experiments on repair bamboo paper samples were conducted. The mechanical strength (tensile strength and folding endurance) of different papers during the ageing process were analyzed. Furthermore, the chemical properties (degree of polymerization and pH) of the samples were tested to search for the immanent cause of paper ageing. The results indicated that the ageing resistance ability and durability of modern repair paper are strongly related to their production process, which corresponds with the initial properties of the paper. Mechanical pulp had a low degradation resistance, which was further exacerbated by the chemical bleaching process. In the long run, traditional handmade papers with solar bleaching processes will have longer-term stability and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the art of paper tearing by Hong Kong-based paper-tearing artist Sing Man Lee in his aim to create a bridge between contemporary life and traditional Chinese cultures. Other topics include how Lee made his first paper-tearing artwork, how the art can improve a person's confidence, and an exploration of Lee's artwork through the National Visual Arts Standards.

"Thinking Through China" by Jerusha McCormack and John G. Blair is a book that aims to provide a comprehensive and accessible overview of Chinese culture for a Western audience. The authors introduce ten key Chinese concepts and compare them to Western ideas, emphasizing the fundamental differences between the two without assigning superiority to either. The book is divided into three parts, with the first section introducing the concepts, the second section answering common Western questions using these concepts, and the third section challenging readers to rethink their understanding of the West. Through the exploration of historical examples and personal anecdotes, the authors provide context and illustrate the ideas they discuss. The book encourages readers to reconsider their assumptions about "universal" values and to appreciate the distinct and equally legitimate Chinese perspective. [Extracted from the article]

Chronic or refractory breathlessness adversely affects quality of life. Current treatment strategies for managing breathlessness are often inadequate in providing complete relief. Kinesiology taping is generally used in musculoskeletal practice for preventive and rehabilitative purposes. Recently, our attention was drawn to the plausible mechanism(s) and indication for use of kinesiology taping for managing chronic breathlessness. We present a brief review of the scientific rationale and efficacy of kinesiology taping for respiratory function-related outcomes. Through this publication, we hope to catalyse discussions amongst palliative care professionals and researchers on the potential use of kinesiology taping in the management of chronic breathlessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the impact of the book People's Law and State Law: the Bellagio Papers, edited by Anthony Allott and Gordon Woodman, published in 1985. It sets out why I consider this publication to be a seminal text in establishing and developing the field of legal pluralism, which had a great impact on both the development of the Journal of Legal Pluralism and on my own development as a young legal scholar. In looking beyond the text, I consider the ways in which scholars have engaged with the book's call for legal and social science to "work from a new map". In doing so I explore a recent arena of scholarship involving international intervention. The article highlights the important contribution that empirical studies can make to research on legal pluralism, by moving beyond the binaries of state and non-state actors, as well as through pursuing how scholars are adopting a more integrated and relational approach to law, one that may involve breaking down traditional disciplinary boundaries. In particular, I explore how concepts such as space and time contribute to a multi-dimensional, scalar perception of law at odds with a formalist, state-centred view of legal pluralism. This allows new insights to be generated into the operation of plural legal structures and constellations in which people operate allowing for a view of law that involves multiple networks of relations cutting across international, national and local boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If I The Sunday Paper i is, as the authors write, "an argument for shifting the topography of journalism and newspaper history and placing it more squarely within media history" (p. 4), then we need to know that "topography." Paul Moore and Sandra Gabriele explain how this happened in I The Sunday Paper: A Media History i by charting the ways in which the Sunday newspaper continually reinvented itself with new inserts and sections and the adoption of technologies that attracted and engaged readers. For most of the twentieth century, the distinctive "thud" of the Sunday newspaper hitting the doorstep (if the paperboy had accurate aim) was the sound of journalism. [Extracted from the article]

In this way, songs became a particular trigger that invoked the Cultural Revolution generation's memories of the Cultural Revolution. Through specific stories drawn from oral history interviews, Ouyang demonstrates that emotional attachments which individuals developed to songs of the Cultural Revolution made revolutionary music beyond political propaganda. Music As Mao's Weapon: Remembering the Cultural Revolution: Lei X. Ouyang. [Extracted from the article]

Gao elaborates how Si-lan engaged in code-switching of her racial consciousness and identity depending upon changes in the international and domestic politics in China and in the United States. She explains how the PRC regime perceived, made, and remade the five cultural figures and underlines how Liu and Chen subtly adjusted their identities depending upon political dynamics and tensions. In chapter 3, Gao sheds light on Liu Liangmo, who popularized and translated Chinese militarist and folk music in cooperation with Paul Robeson and bound Christianity to the Communist China after 1949. [Extracted from the article]

Patients with eating disorders struggle with the ability to regulate amounts, concretely and symbolically, and we, as therapists, witness and are always subject to the too much-ness and the not enough-ness as they are played out in continuous enactments in the analytic dyad. Wooldridge and Sheehy's contributions highlight our challenges in looking at the ways in which such difficulties in regulation evoke relationships to important attachment figures that are then enacted in the interpersonal field. I reflect on these papers through a relational perspective that places more emphasis on the therapist's integrated participation and curiosity about their participation in enactments. A two-person theoretical model of patient's problems and of therapeutic action can expand the exploration of how self-regulation is rooted in mutual regulation and dysregulation, and how such exploration can be ultimately transformative in the interpersonal field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among bleaching agents available in paper conservation, hydrogen peroxide (HP) is a versatile choice that has many advantages in the removal of discoloration from paper. However, its well-known radical formation in the presence of iron impurities in paper poses the risk of cellulose degradation and color reversion, i.e. return of staining. This study explores a method to diminish undesired HP reactions by adding an additional step using a calcium phytate solution as complexing agent to the recommended treatment sequence. Tests on model papers impregnated with different molar concentrations of iron ions to trace the effects of simulated HP treatments on weight average molar mass, carbonyl group content, and color indicate that the iron phytate complex is sufficiently stable to sustain limited HP bleaching and thereby keeps the iron ions to a certain extent from the reaction system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separation of oil and water mixtures is an important issue in acidic and alkaline conditions. In this paper, the chitosan (CS)-coated filter paper was successfully fabricated for application in the field of oil/water separation by crosslinking filter paper with hydrophilic chitosan through a simple Schiff's base reaction. The surface of the prepared CS-coated filter paper maintains superhydrophilic and low adhesive ability to oil in water. Besides, this filter paper can resist highly acidic erosion even concentrated sulfuric acid. Surprisingly, CS-coated filter paper can be efficiently applied on the separation of different types of oil/water mixtures in wide pH range conditions and exhibits excellent recyclability and antibacterial property. The antibacterial rate of CS fiber pure textile can reach 99%. The antibacterial rate of blended fabric is about 75%. This separation process has high potential for industrial oilfield wastewater treatment and separation in extreme environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major datasets such as these are vital for enhancing our understanding of isotope variation and will aid interpretation of human isotope values well beyond the geographical and chronological confines of this project. Certain elements of this project, such as the isotope and radiocarbon data, are incorporated in the Beaker People Project dataset in other chapters. The clearest impact is of the largest multi-isotope dataset comprising five proxies (carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, strontium and oxygen) yet delivered in archaeological research globally. Pp., Illus. 230, Tabs. [Extracted from the article]

The National Museum in Krakow, Poland, has been carrying out a comprehensive risk assessment for its extensive collections of works on paper. The collection was stratified into primary homogeneous groups such as holdings of works by important artists or large groups of documentary prints or posters. Relative values of the selected groups of objects were estimated based on their market values. The primary groups of objects were further divided into subgroups for different risk scenarios developed by considering varying susceptibility of the subgroups to two key hazards - chemical deterioration and physical failure upon handling. A number of criteria were used: paper brittleness, pH, or the degree of protection of objects against physical forces through containment options defined as framed, matted, contained in albums, or unprotected. Next, the accumulation of damage from the deterioration processes or multiple events for each subgroup of the specific risk scenario was estimated. Finally, the loss of value was assessed by museum staff by considering questions as to how the predicted damage accumulation affects the uniqueness of the work, its artistic value, documentary information, or display potential. The information collected at all stages was introduced into a specifically developed software tool which calculated and presented the magnitudes of risks facilitating the risk evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the use of simulation modelling to explore the effect of conservation strategies on the preservation of paper collections. Agent-based simulation was chosen as the simulation approach in order to capture the individual characteristics of the collections, their size, and the values of pH and degree of polymerisation (DP) for individual items. This approach enabled the simulation of the chemical degradation of different types of collections during their lifetime and under different preservation scenarios. We conducted a series of computational experiments on three types of collections, acidic, modern, and mixed, to explore the effect of slightly lowering the temperature and relative humidity in the repositories, the deacidification of part of the collection at different rates, and the delay in making the decision to start a deacidification treatment. The results indicated that a small change, lowering the storage conditions from 18°C to 16°C and from 50% to 40% RH, can protect up to 30% of the collection from reaching the critical DP of 300 within a time horizon of 500 years. On the other hand, to obtain similar results through deacidification, 45% of the mixed collection and 70% of the acidic collection should be deacidified within a period of 100 years. The experiments also indicated that better results are obtained when the priorities for deacidification are acidic records with a pH value below 5. This study shows that modelling the heterogeneity of the collections can support preservation management, particularly if the concern is not the preservation of a part of the collection but the collection as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chronological synopsis of the history of the technology used in experimental and testing work relating to artillery pieces is presented. The period covered is from the mid-seventeenth century up to the Cold War era of the mid-twentieth century. Although the focus is on the development of ballistics measurement in Britain, there are important links to related work in continental Europe. The locus for much of what is described is the Royal Artillery proof and experimental range at Shoeburyness and the key individuals and groups of men and women who worked there. There are longitudinal connections between the very earliest technologies of mechanical chronometry, with paper screens and paper-based calculations, and the later technology where timings, screens and calculations had all become electronic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of AI application examples is by itself an admirable achievement of engineers and professionals working on them, and certainly there is an interest to move forward to design AI algorithms to make it write proficiently with originality. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a trendy topic through advertisements, notes and even warnings about it, claiming that it can be used to answer almost any kind of question. Generating new content requires that AI conduct research work starting from, in principle, human proposed hypothesis, and then getting analyzable results to formulate conclusions. [Extracted from the article]

Like critical policing scholars before him, Linnemann wants the reader to imagine the unimaginable - a world without police; police being monsters we wilfully mis-identify. Chapter 5, I The Unthinkable World i , is the final chapter, in which attention is turned to recent debates around police abolitionism and the defunding of police. He notes, 'if the contemporary police story helps reaffirm the Hobbesian view that police are always necessary and redeemable, perhaps what is offered [by the book is that] police are, in fact, irredeemable' (p. 59). [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The gellan hydrogel is used as a cleaning agent for paper artworks. The purposes of this work were to give the gellan hydrogel both a microbial resistance and a cytocidal action against the biodeteriogens using hydrolates. Broth microdilution assays were performed to identify the fungicidal action of 16 hydrolatesvs3 fungal strains. The study concerned the Minimal Fungicidal Concentration and pH, colour, and ultra-structural variations on all paper samples, by placing them in contact with GELYD (GELlan + hYDrolat). Thein vitrotests showed that eight out of 16 hydrolates strongly inhibited fungal growth, but only two of them (Monarda fistulosa,Citrus aurantiumsubspamara) showedin situfungicidal action. Data indicate a new and interesting eco-innovative use of hydrolates, since GELYD is able not only to clean paper artworks, but also to kill the fungal cells present on paper that are potentially harmful for paper and operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the Chinese joss paper tradition for art educators. Particular focus is given to how this paper tradition can be implemented into multicultural or integrative education programs. Additional topics discussed include how art education can increase cultural awareness, the spiritual aspects of the joss paper tradition, and how paper money is burned in the joss tradition as an offering to deceased ancestors.