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Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studies in Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the discovery of papers belonging to British Royal Navy officer Gerard Henry Uctred Noel. The author explains that the documents have been divided into seven time periods and analyzes the last three in terms of British naval history. They include 1893 to 1903, when Noel was Junior Sea Lord, Second-in-Command, Mediterranean Fleet and Superintendent, Naval Reserves and Commander-in-Chief, Home Fleet, 1904 to 1906, when Noel was Commander-in-Chief, China Station, and 1906 to 1909, when Noel was Commander-in-Chief, the Nore.

William of Orange, the leader of the Dutch Revolt and one of the most famous members of the family of Orange-Nassau, is known as a 'propagandist', producing various printed and handwritten media during the Revolt. However, besides the prestigious princes of Orange, the lineage of William of Orange also included other family, the German counts of Nassau. These less prestigious relatives, the 'lesser' Nassau, assisted their princely kin in various ways, but received little attention in the scholarship on the lineage. Therefore, this article sketches the relations between the 'lesser' Nassau and the princes of Orange, and deals with the media-politics of the 'lesser' Nassau, understood as their attempts to reproduce, present and communicate their social status to different publics in different contexts by the use of paper communication media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Two principal schools of thought regarding the etiology and optimal treatment of temporomandibular disorders exist; one physical/functional, the other biopsychosocial. This position paper establishes the scientific basis for the physical/functional. The ICCMO Position: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) comprise a group of musculoskeletal disorders, affecting alterations in the structure and/or function of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), masticatory muscles, dentition and supporting structures. The initial TMD diagnosis is based on history, clinical examination and imaging, if indicated. Diagnosis is greatly enhanced with physiologic measurement devices, providing objective measurements of the functional status of the masticatory system: TMJs, muscles and dental occlusion. The American Alliance of TMD organizations represent thousands of clinicians involved in the treatment of TMD. The ten basic principles of the Alliance include the following statement: Dental occlusion may have a significant role in TMD; as a cause, precipitant and/or perpetuating factor. Therefore, it can be stated that the overwhelming majority of dentists treating TMD believe dental occlusion plays a major role in predisposition, precipitation and perpetuation. While our membership believes that occlusal treatments most frequently resolve TMD, it is recognized that TMD can be multi faceted and may exist with co-morbid physical or emotional factors that may require therapy by appropriate providers. The International College of Cranio-Mandibular Orthopedics (ICCMO), composed of academic and clinical dentists, believes that TMD has a primary physical functional basis. Initial conservative and reversible TMD treatment employing a therapeutic neuromuscular orthosis that incorporates relaxed, healthy masticatory muscle function and a stable occlusion is most often successful. This is accomplished using objective measurement technologies and ultra low frequency transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation (TENS). Conclusion: Extensive literature substantiates the scientific validity of the physical/functional basis of TMD, efficacy of measurement devices and TENS and their use as aids in diagnosis and in establishing a therapeutic neuromuscular dental occlusion. Clinical Implications: A scientifically valid basis for TMD diagnosis and treatment is presented aiding in therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the initial attempt to write a comprehensive overview of the involvement of Jews in photography. To the editorial board of the Encyclopaedia Judaica in the late 1960s, it was self-evident that Jews were represented well out of proportion to their number in the field of photography, and therefore, their project demanded that this be dealt with in a general article and individual entries. Peter Pollack, a pioneering curator and historian of photography, was selected to edit this sub-section. Pollack immediately devised a broad and penetrating survey. But his efforts were severely constrained because the editors did not deem this area to be very significant, and because the basic research they promised Pollack about Jews in photography simply did not exist. They were not about to undertake such an original, complicated and far-lung effort. Pollack's intuition, that this comprised both an important element of modern Jewish history and the history of photography, only came to partial fruition in the Judaica. But his papers held at the Getty Research Institute (Los Angeles) will be tremendously helpful for scholars wishing to further investigate the question of Jews and photography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A call for papers on leisure management is presented.

The authors of the three papers in this issue discuss and analyze the practice underlying "critical exploration," a research pedagogy applied in common within their separate art, science, and teacher education classrooms. Eleanor Duckworth developed critical exploration as a method of teaching by involving students so actively and reflectively with a subject that they have "wonderful ideas" that arise from their own questioning. Teachers who encourage critical exploration support their students in encountering complex materials, experiencing confusion, considering multiple possibilities, and constructing new understandings. Teachers refrain from providing answers, or even implying that there is an acceptable answer or technique, and instead facilitate the personal process of development that Jean Piaget, Bärbel Inhelder, and others documented and analyzed. Applying Piaget's findings requires teachers to sustain what David Hawkins described as "triangular relationships" of trust and respect among teacher, learners, and subject matter. The three classroom studies that follow narrate these exploratory qualities in the contexts of middle school girls learning Chinese brush painting, undergraduates investigating mirrors, and teacher education students exploring seeds, pendulums, and the moon. In teaching art and science via critical exploration, curiosity and a sense of beauty reinforce one another, and open a window into the processes of—and connections between—art and science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Development Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the benefits of using the Leontine Sagan Papers as a resource in writing South African theatrical history. Sagan started her career as light director for German and English comedy. The theater director was exiled in England because of her German-Jewish family background. Sagan directed literary dramas for the Little Theatre and the Johannesburg Repertory Society.

Growing use of mediation and other alternative means of dispute resolution has led many courts and ADR programs to develop "mediator credentialing" and other approaches that seek to ensure quality mediation. A variety of practical and political difficulties have led these entities to take very diverse, and sometimes debatable, paths to quality assurance (QA). Recently, Maryland's judiciary sponsored a three-year project that led to an innovative QA system for Maryland mediators. The new Maryland Program for Mediator Excellence deemphasizes "pass-fail" barriers, as well as paper-based certification based on legal expertise and other substitute credentials; instead, this system seeks to promote and reward mediators who wish to develop their practice skills. This article offers an overview of Maryland's new QA system; compares it to approaches that have been taken elsewhere; and commends it to courts and other mediation users as a vehicle for improving mediation practice and for serving as a trustworthy indicator of skilled performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a list of papers about the history of the Ming dynasty presented at the 57th annual meeting of the Association for Asian Studies in Chicago, Illinois from March 31-April 3, 2005, which includes "History Packaged in the Age of Print: The Sanguozhi and Sanguo Yanyi," by Ann McLaren, "Liu Bei in Sanguo yanyi and the Mencian View of Political Sovereignty," by Liangyan Ge, and "The Nine-Lotus Bodhisattva on Silk and Stone," by Marsha S. Haufler.

This research builds upon previous work concerning typographical factors that influence reading speed such as color combinations, line width, leading, type, contrast and so on. Using updated research methods and extending the scope to an aging population, this study attempts to determine if paper color intensity affects the reading speed of people as they age. Since a majority of all learning utilizes vision, the eye is critical to this process. This study should be helpful in designing printed and televised material that is legible to aging adults and therefore, helps them maintain a self-sufficient lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celebrates the 20th death anniversary of drama critic and author Thelma Gutsche in South Africa in 2004. Educational background of Gutsche; Contributions of Gutsche to the history of writing in South Africa; Emphasis of the Thelma Gutsche Papers which can be found at the University of Cape Town Library in South Africa.

A list of the papers related to Ming history that were presented at the 56th annual meeting of the Association for Asian Studies in March 2004 is given, which includes "Appropriating Tradition: Classical Chinese Novels and Their TV Adaptation," by Jing Shen, "From Singing Birds to Fighting Bug: The Cricket in Chinese Zoological Lore," by Phing-chen Hsiung, and "Travel, Exchange, and Circulation in Late Ming Huaben," by Tina Lu.

The article lists the papers relating to Ming topics presented at the 54th annual meeting of the Association for Asian Studies (AAS) held in Washington, D.C. in April 2002, including "Unlike Mothers, Unlike Daughters: Ming-Ch'ing Men's Inscriptions of Their Genealogy of the Heart," "The Predicament of Wang Scholars in Late Ming Chiang-nan," and "Women's Religious Practice During the Tang Period."

A list of the papers presented at the Association for Asian Studies (AAS) held in Chicago, Illinois from March 22 to 25, 2001, including "Mixed Messages in the Zhi buzu zhai Lienii zhuan," "Revising the Vision: Early Ming Social Policies and the Community Libation Ceremony," and "The Founder's Legacy: Fifteenth-Century Views on Zhu Yuanzhangs's Ritual Policies," is presented.

The study examines issues related to achieving meaningful participation in class activities as an element of social inclusion of learners with cognitive disabilities aged 14–19 years that are enrolled in educational institutions (schools/centres) during COVID-19 in United Arab Emirates. The paper relied on a qualitative approach with 5 sessions of virtual observation and 18 semi-structured virtual interviews with learners themselves and their care givers/parents as the main methodological tool given lack of access to physical means at the time of data collection during the global pandemic (2021–22). The analysis was thematic, focusing on explored and extracted main issues that impact one important aspect of the social inclusion of such learners, which is their active participation during a difficult time. The results showed that learners with cognitive disabilities faced additional several issues in addition to what members of the surrounding community dealt with during the disaster. Data revealed that they were immensely affected by the pandemic, with another layer of social isolation, lack of peer interaction as well as family restriction that is directed at them with additional measures than everyone in the household. It also showed that despite the efforts and programmes designed by schools/institutes that were in place to support their engagement in academic and social activities, participation as an important social aspect of their school lives was badly impacted. Despite calls for prioritizing such learners, the study revealed that learners with cognitive disability were constructed as 'last on the list' among class community members in terms of their participation and active engagement in different class activities. The data were purposefully collected at a time that is unlikely to be replicated for many years to come (a global pandemic), the purpose was to give a reflection on the status allocated to such individuals during hard, unusual and/or difficult times for any future practice. The paper forwards recommendations to support educational institutions to promote active participation of learners with cognitive disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a 'follow-on' from a paper previously published in this journal dealing with the laboratory to pilot scaling up approach using Industry 4.0 manufacturing methods. In particular, the paper reports a strategy for developing a model for the electroforming of nickel from a sulphamate electrolyte at laboratory scale which could subsequently provide an educated approach for transferring the process to a larger scale. At the laboratory scale, a rotating disc electrode assembly was used, which is a standard instrument to determine electrochemical parameters. Thereafter, small scale nickel discs were electroplated using this equipment, and a model of this process was developed and validated against those experimental results. These parameters were then used to actually produce electroforms in a prototype, 18 L tank system. Cross-validation between practical experiments and simulations followed which allowed for fine-tuning the model until it was consistently predicting the real process results within an acceptable error. Overall, it was found that a secondary current distribution model could be used for reasonably accurate description for the electroforming process, and could provide a quick virtual tool at a production facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the policy debate in Queensland on raising the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR). The age currently remains at 10, despite reform in other Australian jurisdictions and recommendations to the contrary in a 2018 report from a highly regarded former Police Commissioner. In 2021, a parliamentary committee reviewed a private member's Bill on the MACR and received 74 public submissions from over 300 individuals, all supporting raising the age. Despite this, the Bill was defeated. This paper reports on a content analysis and reflexive thematic analysis of those submissions to understand (a) the views of a broad range of Queensland organisations and individuals about the MACR and (b) their rationales for supporting raising the age. We found 13 such rationales, with a particular focus on the need for more extensive, appropriate and better integrated services for vulnerable children rather than punitive criminal justice responses, and a concern for worsening impacts on First Nations young people. These findings illustrate community support for both raising the MACR and adopting more evidence-based approaches to youth justice, accompanied by improved approaches to service support. We also briefly consider the counter-arguments against raising the MACR advanced in the Committee's report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Władysław Smólski began his writing career as an author of plays and humoresque works. Between 1939 and 1945, he was involved in helping Jews. Smólski described his war experiences in two autobiographical texts Losy dziecka: Opowieść wojenna wojenna [1961; A Child's Fate: A War Story] and Zaklęte lata [1964; Enchanted Years]. However, not all of his works have been published. The paper examines Smólski's unpublished volume of short stories, Magie [Magic], whose manuscript is stored at the National Library in Warsaw. In the first part of the paper, I introduce crucial facts of Władysław Smólski's biography, with reference to the atmosphere of the interwar period. The second part discusses the formal features of the stories comprising the volume Magic and possible reasons why the volume have not been published. The third part of the article examines selected short stories, focusing on the representation of war and functions of the paranormal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the swivel construction of a large-tonnage cable-stayed bridge, a single spherical hinge is susceptible to be damaged from excessive force. Consequently, this paper suggests a multi-point support swivel method of gear rails. The paper introduces a multi-point support swivel system of large-tonnage gear-tooth-rail, along with the swivel construction and monitoring technology. Models of the spherical hinge are established. Results indicate that the force applied to the spherical hinge is reasonable, exhibiting a gradual increase in contact stress from the center to the outer edges. The distribution of Mises stress differs from the distribution of contact stress. The force applied by the driving device is reasonable, ensuring the safety and feasibility of the proposed approach. The findings have guiding significance for future engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead white (basic lead carbonate), before its effective ban in much of Europe from 1989 onwards, was among the most versatile and widespread but also one of the most harmful pigments available. This paper is a critical discussion of the regulation of lead white paint and its consequences from the point of view of conservation and artistic practice in Europe. It looks at who benefited from exemptions to bans, and whether there was resistance to them. Buildings and artworks are both taken into account. The paper discusses nuances in regulation in four European countries which have notable differences in approach (France, Austria, Germany, and the United Kingdom). The centralised regulatory framework of the United Kingdom allows data analysis on the authorised use of the paint since its restriction up to the present day. This dataset shows a steady decrease in the use of the paint by conservators across disciplines. The paper concludes by considering the professional and ethical implications of lead white paint for artists and conservators, in the context of varied regulation and a decline in use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persian gardens have a rich cultural and historical significance as a part of human heritage. This paper provides a historical review of the edibility of Persian gardens, from ancient Mesopotamia to the present day. The analysis demonstrates that while fruit trees have always been a part of these gardens, the cultivation of edible species has been neglected in modern times. The study highlights the importance of restoring the edible landscape in Persian gardens, in line with the historical and cultural significance of these landscapes. The findings have implications for the management and restoration of Persian gardens, with the potential for wider application in other cultural contexts. This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on landscape history and its interdisciplinary study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The first part of this paper has shown that the burghal territories of burhs created in the early tenth century in what later became Buckinghamshire and southwest Northamptonshire comprised one or more large 'proto-hundreds', typically of around 300–350 hides. As new cadastral units, these burghal territories are seen as essential aspect of the infrastructure of burghal formation. This hypothesis carries the implication that these units were subsequently subdivided into the hundreds of Domesday, which were typically of around 100 hides. From both a spatial and functional point of view these became subdivisions of the new shires which would have been formed at the same time. This thesis is examined here in the second part of this paper in relation to the development of burhs in the area of the shires of Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire and Middlesex, and of Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire further to the east. (The development of burhs in Essex is not considered here.) By the end of 917, as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle makes clear, all this area (with Essex and East Anglia) had been taken under the control of King Edward the Elder, in effect extending the area of the West Saxon hegemony to the east coast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a series of effects on the mental health of college students, especially long-term home isolation or online learning, which has caused college students to have both academic pressure and employment pressure. How to accurately and effectively assess the mental health status of college students has become a research hotspot. Traditional methods based on questionnaires such as Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) are difficult to collect data and have poor evaluation accuracy. This paper analyzes the psychological state through text-images of multi-modal data with tensor fusion networks and constructs a mental health assessment model for college students. First, the validity of the model is verified through the MVSA (Multi-View Sentiment Analysis) dataset. Second, the psychological state of college students under the epidemic is analyzed using the collected text-images dataset. The results show that the TFN-MDA (Tensor Fusion Network-Multimodal Data Analysis) based mental health assessment model constructed in this paper can effectively assess the mental health status of college students, with an average accuracy of more than 70%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural tourism is regarded as having the ability to contribute to the often much-needed socio-economic (re)vitalization of provincial regions. For that, the sector is dependent on services and sites of leisure to "sell". While valuable research has been conducted at a variety of rural tourism sites, few have focused on tourism at potential destinations. Applying a theoretical approach of more-than-human cohabitation and hospitality, this paper discusses entanglements of tourism development in a peripheral area. The focus is on the remote Melrakkaslétta on the Icelandic northeast coast. Once the setting of wealthy farms and utilization of natural resources, the area has in recent decades faced depopulation and related challenges. The residents have proposed local tourism as one way to counteract these challenges. Melrakkaslétta, currently one of the least visited areas of Iceland, is home to significant bird populations. Indeed, Melrakkaslétta is a place of continuous comings and goings of birds and humans. Introducing findings from ethnographic research conducted in Melrakkaslétta, the paper reveals the paradoxical role of the birds in the area's potential tourism development. For some people, the birds are something to underline and utilize while for others Melrakkaslétta should remain a tranquil place of few people and birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary era's awareness of the sentience of multiple species results in an acknowledgement that both humans and nonhuman animals are important contributors to social action. Consequently, the happenings that occur when humans and nonhuman animals entangle require unpacking in research. Such entanglements occurring at a park duck pond are the focus of this paper. The paper emerges from a study that was animalcentric in its approach to looking at human leisure as a multispecies practice. Hence, it engaged with the notion that leisure activities involve interweaving interests of sentient human and nonhuman participants. One global example of this, which is under-researched in the leisure field, is the practice of feeding nonhuman animals at public park ponds and other waterways. This paper presents insights drawn from observational research of the multispecies entanglements occurring at a duck pond in Dunedin, New Zealand. Via an inductive approach to analysing the fieldwork data, thoughts of power in the entanglements are considered. The paper highlights how the multispecies leisure entanglements between humans, ducks, and pigeons contain nuanced power dynamics. It has implications for the development of animalcentric appreciations of animal entanglements in leisure that spread far beyond the context of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a large and growing body of literature proposing that there are benefits to employees and workplaces when pets are allowed to accompany their owners to work. This article reports a scoping review of research that is workplace-based and that provides information on the reported benefits or problems of allowing employees' pets at work. The databases Scopus, Discover and Google Scholar were searched with the initial search terms "pets AND workplace AND research." Results were reviewed initially by title to remove items where, for instance, "PET" was used as an acronym. Studies were included if they provided information on research into human well-being and/or work or task performance and pets at work. This included research into the presence of pets while working from home, as the home can be considered a workplace in this situation. A total of 189 papers on pets at work were identified from the searches. The abstracts were reviewed and papers that did not report research into the benefits and challenges of employees' pets at work were excluded, leaving 31 results. The majority of studies used survey methods and did not include validated psychometric measures of key variables including stress. Findings indicated that the presence of employees' pets at work may reduce stress and lead to more positive work-related attitudes, but these findings may not apply to all employees or all workplaces. Negative aspects of pets in the workplace include health risks to humans and animals, cultural concerns and dislike or fear of some animals, and the proportion of participants who raised these concerns or agreed with them varied widely between studies. However, there is little evidence on the prevalence of risks or how they are addressed, and there was no data on how work performance, absenteeism or staff turnover were related to pet-friendly policies at work. More research is required, and some directions for future research are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we present a simple multidimensional approach to case-mix adjustment that can be used without sophisticated statistical or computer programs. The objectives are to synthesize and offer examples of practical applications of the principles provided in the other articles in this issue of Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation. Combining case-mix adjustment concepts presented by Berlowitz and coworkers with the educate, execute, and evaluate process presented by Needham and coworkers, the approach applies functional grading to show how to evaluate the impact on patient outcomes after major changes in the structural characteristics of an integrated rehabilitation program within a large hospital-based health system. The example is based on the vignette, Maintaining Functional Outcomes in Times of Change, which appears in the article, “Unraveling the Conundrum of Quality” in this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the historiography of post-war migration to Britain, many authors have used oral history to explore women's history of migration to and their lived experiences in Britain. However, current historiographical attention to the Chinese in Britain neglects post-war experiences, particularly those of women, and is yet to engage with rich oral history collections. Drawing on the voices of twelve women, this paper argues that, against the backdrop of relaxing exit controls in post-1978 China, women utilised socioeconomic resources and navigated accessible routes for crossing regional and national borders, displaying their will and resilience to use migration as a means of personal development, and, in some cases, showed pragmatism in seeking to emigrate. This paper expands the historiography of Chinese migration to Britain and adds to our understanding of gender and migration. It indicates that, despite their seeking personal development, Chinese women's migration was conditioned by family responsibilities, and their narratives of migration incorporated consideration of family members. It highlights how changing policies in China enabled and motivated women's migration to and permanent settlement in Britain. Teasing out these rationales helps us to rethink the history of ethnic minorities in Britain, moving beyond a (post)imperial framing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytical studies of ancient Chinese handmade papers and paper-based materials have long faced challenges, due to the need for high-quality, scientifically sound data that can lead to suitable diagnostic criteria. This study applies Herzberg staining, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to five Hetian Administration Banknotes (HABs), a particular type of regional banknotes issued by Ma Hu-shan (1910–1954), a Hui warlord, in southern Xinjiang between 1933 and 1937. The results shed important insights into the use of fiber and dyes on HABs, revealing how locally handmade Sangpi (bark of the mulberry tree, Morus alba L.) papers and imported synthetic dyes (Rhodamine B, Methyl Violet 2B, Direct Black 38, and presumably Sudan II) were combined to serve the needs of the regional economy in southern Xinjiang during the 1930s. We conclude the paper by tentatively proposing guidelines for applying low- and high-resolution analytical methods to understand the manufacture and use of ancient Chinese handmade papers and paper-based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the diverse range of materials used for sizing in Iranian paper manuscripts during the Timurid (fifteenth century) to Safavid (sixteenth century) and Qajar (nineteenth century) periods. Our approach combined historical analysis with scientific examination of reconstructed sizings. We reconstructed 15 sizing materials based on identified Persian historical recipes and analysed their physical, optical, and spectral characteristics. Additionally, we assessed their behaviour against the mould fungus Aspergillus flavus. The results revealed distinctive properties for each sizing material, shedding light on their potential applications in paper preservation. Furthermore, our investigation demonstrated variations in hygroscopicity, thickness, grammage, and ash content post-sizing. The sizing materials also exhibited different effects on paper reflectance properties. Additionally, our study revealed insights into the impact of sizing on burnished papers, indicating that the mechanical process of burnishing did not significantly alter the chemical composition or spectral properties of the paper, with only minor changes in brightness observed in specific cases. All tested sizing materials supported varying levels of mould growth, indicating potential implications for paper conservation. Our findings provide valuable insights into the historical practices of Iranian paper sizing and offer practical considerations for the preservation of paper manuscripts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to a series of problems in the diagnosis of liver disease, the mortality rate of liver disease patients is very high. Therefore, it is necessary for doctors and researchers to find a more effective non-invasive diagnostic method to meet clinical needs. We analyzed data from 416 patients with liver disease and 167 patients without liver disease from northeastern Andhra Pradesh, India. On the basis of considering age, gender and other basic data of patients, this paper uses total bilirubin and other clinical data as parameters to build a diagnostic model. In this paper, the accuracy of artificial intelligence method Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) model in the diagnosis of liver patients was compared. The results show that the support vector machine model based on Gaussian kernel function is more excellent in diagnostic accuracy, that is, SVM method is more suitable for the diagnosis of liver diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Scythian archaeological culture is a component of the Scythian-Siberian community of equestrian nomadic pastoralists located in the northern Black Sea region and Ciscaucasia. This paper explores whether the Scythians were present in the central Pre-Caucasus all year round or only during a part of the year and were migrating seasonally. Since Scythian settlements are not known in this region, a possible clue may come from determining the season of the year in which the Scythians buried their deceased tribesmen and performed memorial events. In this paper, we determine the seasonality of the burials and memorial events at the mound burial ground Novozavedennoye-III (southern Russia), dated to 430–300 b.c., by applying cementum increment analysis to horse teeth. This analysis has shown that the studied horses died during May–October. This result indicates that the Scythians were present in the central Pre-Caucasus foothills during some part of the warm season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper employs machine learning and space syntax to classify villages, revealing implicit formation and development patterns in their spatial layouts. The study addresses village classification in Jilin Province from micro and macro perspectives. At the macro level, we present the classification method for villages based on geospatial distribution features (CVGD).We analyze the geographic distribution of villages and utilize village density for classification, effectively portraying the spatial distribution characteristics of villages. At the micro level, we propose the classification method for villages based on spatial structural features (CVSS). We use space syntax to extract spatial features of villages. Representative features chosen through comparative analysis serve as input variables in clustering algorithms, classifying villages based on high-dimensional data to explore their spatial traits. The paper summarizes village spatial characteristics from different classifications and studies how geographic factors affect village structure. It aims to offer potentially valuable theoretical insights for rural development. Abbreviations: POI: Point of Interest; DBSCAN: Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise; OPTICS: Ordering Points to Identify the Clustering Structure; WGS-84: World Geodetic System; ID: Identity Document; SSE: Sum of Squared Errors; CVGD: Classification Method for Villages Based on Geospatial Distribution Features; CVSS: Classification Method for Villages Based on Spatial Structure Features; GIS: Geographic Information Systems; ISUF: International Seminar on Urban Form; LiDAR: Light Detection and Ranging [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of architectural projects encompasses a complex array of types, constraints, and contradictions, necessitating a high reliance on the personal experience of architects. Automated generative design aids in exploring various design alternatives, but current research grapples with challenges such as limited user customization, inadequate integration with site environments, and insufficient amalgamation of architectural form and performance optimization. This paper develops an algorithm for early-stage architectural generation, which employs a multi- interference item strategy, serving as a highly customizable design tool. In conjunction with performance optimization based on the NSGA-II algorithm, it introduces a versatile workflow. This paper applied this workflow in a residential building project, whilst incorporating indices such as structural performance, material usage, and site plot ratio as optimization objectives and constraints. The resulting design solutions enhance structural performance while meeting the constraints. The generative design workflow of this study boasts advantages in efficiency, performance, and customization levels. It enables designers to explore the design space in a customized manner, yielding effective solutions within a reasonable timeframe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many businesses, forcing them to either close down or suspend operation for an extended time period. Since hospitality and tourism (H&T) companies are interrelated, closure of business may cause ripple effects and negatively affect individuals, organizations, and communities. Maintaining operation is especially important for some H&T units, when they are integral parts of larger H&T operations, such as the restaurants in the integrated resorts in Macao. Fighting to lose less, therefore, becomes one of their new business objectives in this prolonged battle. This paper explores how fine-dining restaurants in the integrated resorts in Macao adjust their business and operations in a highly uncertain and unpredictable environment. The findings present a Three-R Strategy Model (Reducing, Revising, and Reviving), which differs from strategies deployed in other crisis scenarios. The paper extends the existing knowledge of crisis management, and provides H&T practitioners a practical model for dealing with prolonged crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study showcases how the Leximancer program can be used to review Leximancer-based research published in tourism and hospitality journals during 2014-2020. Along with a Leximancer-generated concept map, a new tags' association visual analysis was also performed. This innovative method of analysis is a key contribution, as past Leximancer studies in hospitality and tourism have predominantly relied on thematic analysis only. An Insight Dashboard report that is based on Bayesian algebra algorithm in calculating Prominence Scores (PS) for key concepts and compound concepts emergent from the data, supplemented the visual analyses. Thirty-three (33) tourism and three (3) hospitality papers were analysed. The most common tourism context was China and Chinese tourism, and the most prominent phenomena were tourists' experiences, shopping experiences, tourists' evaluations and perceptions. Data for these research studies were predominantly obtained from online reviews, user-generated content (UGC), social media and news media. In the hospitality context, research studies used Leximancer to analyse sentiment, risk factors, and attitudes of frontline hotel employees. Tourism Management and Current Issues in Tourism, had the most papers which used Leximancer. Australian researchers were identified as the leaders in tourism research using Leximancer, followed by lead researchers from Portugal and China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares relative risk perceptions of residents to inbound tourists from countries with different COVID-19 profiles. Results suggest residents are able to distinguish between COVID-19 risks based on the incidence of COVID-19 in the tourists' source country. Residents' risk perceptions were better aligned with the absolute number of cases (ignoring population size) in tourists' country of origin than with the number of COVID cases per capita. This was primarily influenced by China's relatively large population. The results suggest people can accurately assess relative risk, especially when the media provides quality information (as was the case for COVID-19 cases). By examining perceptions of residents rather than tourists, this paper adds new insights into tourism outcomes of successful crisis management, especially in the context of public health disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe accidents in nuclear power plants can breach the integrity of containment due to pressure build up, resulting in the release of radioactive products. Special interest has been shown towards iodine out of 80 fission products due to its short half-life, i.e., 8.02 days, high activity, and possible health hazards, like irreversible accumulation in the thyroid gland and capability to trigger thyroid cancer locally. To mitigate such accidents, the filtered containment venting system (FCVS) has been proposed and has garnered attention post Fukushima. This review paper presents an introduction to severe accidents, post-accident release of iodine, safety measures taken, and lessons learned by different countries after accidents like Windscale pile, Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima, as well as the status of FCVSs in all countries possessing nuclear reactors up until now (11 years after Fukushima). FCVS is crucial for mitigation of severe accidents and to ensure the safety of people and the environment. A complete review of the history of FCVS, how its use started, its current status, and the status of patents and research on this system has not been done yet to the best of authors' knowledge. This review covers FCVS in detail, including its history, design criteria and efficiency, as well as the different types and their merits and demerits. Completed and ongoing projects related to FCVS are discussed along with testing facilities of FCVS established by different countries. Many countries have made FCVS a part of their power plants, and some are in the process of installation. Many countries have not opted to install this system because of challenges, like its high cost, the technical difficulties of installing FCVS on old power plants, and the potential environmental impact of venting in FCVS. This review paper will be helpful in providing an in-depth understanding of this system, the merits of FCVS, the parts of FCVS that need improvement, its limitations, and the status of research on this subject, along with areas of research that require more attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies in Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studies in Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studies in Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ethiopia has experienced years of robust economic growth, with an average annual growth rate of 6%. However, the country continues to grapple with food insecurity, which is exacerbated by high food prices. The objective of this paper is to examine the effects of output level and inflation on Ethiopia's food security situation. The researchers utilized quarterly interpolated time-series data from the first quarter of 2005 to the fourth quarter of 2019. The data was analyzed using an autoregressive distributive lag framework for cointegration. The study's significant findings unequivocally demonstrate that a high output level has a positive effect on Ethiopia's food security situation in both the short and long terms, while showing a weak coefficient in the long run. However, unpredictable political contexts, rising food prices, and fluctuations in global pricing negatively affect this impact. The paper suggests that, alongside the level of output, sustaining improvements in Ethiopia's food security status necessitates enhancing production capacity, restoring stability, mitigating food price inflation, and strengthening disaster management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]