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Memory is the picturisation of past events and the process of storing events and incidents with priority in the long-term memory (LTM) or the short-term memory (STM). It is accordingly a microscopic chemical change in the brain between the neurons at the connecting point. Bringing memory into literature serves as a compendium of different cultures, cultural and collective memories, identities and social disputes besides the fact that it also serves for imaginaries, aesthetics and philosophy. This paper aims to explore the retrieval of memory through the secondary cues as represented in the postmodern short story "The Paper Menagerie" by Ken Liu, an American science fiction and fantasy writer who follows an unconventional and non-sequential narration. The secondary cues are identified by the application of the Level of Processing theory by Fergus I. M. Craik and Robert S. Lockhart to specify the processing of how memory is treated with stimuli which are the auditory and visual cues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any research is the systematic investigation of study of materials and sources. The research study helps the society in order to identify the facts by theoretically or experimentally to get additional information and derive to a new conclusion. The outcome of any research is published in the form of thesis/dissertation and research papers. The Thesis should be free from English grammatical, lexical and punctuation errors. Any grammar is the structure and sound of a language. English grammar is important to realize the importance of language which is used in all the thesis and research papers. In the globalization era English language has become a necessity all over the world. The main aspects of written the sentences in research work depends upon its grammar. When the grammar is proper, the sentences make sense. Native English speakers are able to speak and write with proper speak grammatically correct sentences. But for non-native speakers who have to learn the language from its core and whose mother is another language. The Engineering, medical, and law students, though they are good in their subject, often they are not able to write thesis or research papers in good English due to their lack of proficiency in English. This present study attempts to presents some useful suggestions relating to the implementation of the correct usage of English grammar for writing the doctoral thesis/dissertation and research papers for arts, science, engineering, law, and medicines students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The teachers of English are always in search of instructional materials (IMs) suitable to the needs of their learners. The experts in the field have discussed different facets of materials development for Teaching English Language and Literature (TELL). They have sought our attention towards one of the major trends in materials design, i.e. availability of sourcebooks. Though teachers have a choice for classroom activities, the materials available in the market appear inadequate to the needs of their learners. To overcome the limitations of available IMs, in the era of emphasis on the use of ICT tools, this article attempts to explore ready-to-use innovative IMs like newspapers in English and Indian languages, note-books, T-shirts, wrappers and question papers. The article divided into two main sections - innovative materials for teaching and innovative materials for testing - tries to make a point that availability of ready-to-use teacherproof materials negates the need to separately design IMs for TELL in Indian classrooms. The state and central textbook preparation boards encourage teachers to use supplementary materials in their classrooms situations. This article is an effort to support teachers and learners for selfinitiative to go beyond the prescribed IMs to cater to their pedagogical needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper investigates whether the use of songs as a prompt for writing an academic response paper can bring a noticeable change in the performance of the students' in-class writing activities. The study is conducted by collecting data from 50 students of the Composition and Communication English Course of East West University of Bangladesh where all the students have almost the same level of linguistic competency. Among these 50 students, 25 students are given the lyric of a motivational song and are asked to write a response paper on a given prompt whereas, the other 25 students are also asked to write a response paper on the same prompt after listening the audio version of the same motivational song along with its lyrics. The data analyses of the scores of response papers show that even though the two groups are similar in terms of executing pre, while and post activities in the classroom and also in using same prompt, there has been a remarkable positive difference in the performance of the group which has been exposed to the audio version of the song. This paper also tries to find out the students' perception regarding inclusion of songs in an academic scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents conference papers presented at the All-India Conference on Multimedia Enhanced Language Teaching - MELT 2009. Some of the topics presented include language teaching through multimedia, similarities and differences of language teaching and learning between a traditional classroom and a multimedia language lab, and roles of teachers and students when they are in a teaching environment different from the traditional classroom.

This paper reviews Doing Research: The Complete Research Paper Guide by Dorothy U. Seyler from the perspective of students and research scholars who are required to write research articles. The reviewed covers all the chapters and presents the salient features of this classic work, which is very relevant even today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sultana's Dream and Yellow Wall Paper are written by two different writers based on two different contexts -- one in pre-independence India and another in pre-World War I, and yet there is an interesting thread that connects these two writings. This essay closely examines the two unique pieces of writing by two women writers - Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Rokeya Sakhwat Hossain, to illustrate how the protagonists of the two writings are culturally, socially, economically different, yet how they are same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author explains the criteria that scholars must consider in their papers to be submitted to "Language India's" volume of analysis of selected novels. He lists the 11 novels shortlisted by the jury for the Hindu Best Fiction Award 2010 for Indian Writing in English. He mentions the members of the jury for the competition, including novelist Shashi Deshpande and essayist Mukul Kesavan. He also reveals the objective of the journal in bringing out a volume of analysis of the selected novels.

The author invites scholars from South Asian nations to contribute their papers with focus on important autobiographies and biographies in all of South Asia. He describes how autobiographies and biographies occupy an important place in Indian writing in English. He then offers a rationale and justification for writing autobiography, citing leaders such as Jawaharlal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi. In addition, the author explores the controversial nature of biographies and autobiographies.

This research paper explores the nuanced portrayal of women's perspectives in Githa Hariharan's novels The Thousand Faces of Night and When Dreams Travel. Both works delve into the complexities of feminine identity, agency, and the societal constraints that shape women's experiences. In The Thousand Faces of Night, the narrative examines the lives of several women navigating patriarchal structures, emphasizing their struggles for autonomy and self-definition. Through characters like Mayamma and Devi, Hariharan illustrates the interplay between tradition and modernity, highlighting the multifaceted nature of women's roles in society. Similarly, When Dreams Travel reimagines the story of Shahrazad from One Thousand and One Nights, focusing on the power of storytelling as a means of resistance and selfexpression. Here, Shahrazad's ability to craft narratives allows her to challenge patriarchal oppression and reclaim her voice, while her sister Dunyazad represents the silent strength and support of sisterhood. This comparative analysis reveals how both novels utilize the theme of storytelling to explore women's desires, aspirations, and the quest for identity. Ultimately, the paper argues that Githa Hariharan's work offers a profound commentary on feminine consciousness, revealing the resilience and complexity of women's lives in contemporary society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into the deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) tool as innovative methods for language learning. With the rapid advancement of AI technologies, there is a growing interest in leveraging these tools to enhance language acquisition processes. This paper explores various AI-driven approaches, including language learning apps, virtual tutors, chatbots, and translation services, and examines their effectiveness in facilitating language learning across different proficiency levels and learning styles. Furthermore, it is about benefits and challenges associated with the integration of AI Tools into language education, highlighting the potential for personalised learning experiences, real-time feedback, and enhanced engagement. Through a review of existing research and case studies, this paper provides insights into the practical implementation and implications of deploying AI tools as language learning methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the effectiveness of AI-driven language learning tools such as Duolingo, Babbel, and ELSA Speak in teaching English as a second language. These platforms employ artificial intelligence to offer personalized learning experiences, catering to various aspects of language acquisition. Duolingo, with its gamified approach, focuses on building vocabulary and basic grammar, making it suitable for beginners. Babbel provides a more structured curriculum emphasizing practical conversations and real-world application of English, targeting learners at beginner and intermediate levels. ELSA Speak, meanwhile, specializes in pronunciation training, using AI to deliver real-time feedback on spoken English. While each tool demonstrates the potential of AI to enhance English language learning, they also present limitations, such as insufficient depth in conversational skills (Duolingo), limited advanced content (Babbel), and narrow focus on pronunciation (ELSA Speak). This paper concludes that a combined use of these AI tools can provide a more comprehensive learning experience, addressing diverse learner needs and supporting proficiency across multiple language skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negation is a fundamental linguistic feature that has been extensively researched, particularly the standard negation strategies. However, negation strategies in Markodi, the speech form of the Mavilan tribal community in Kerala, commonly regarded as a dialect of Tulu remains unexplored. This paper aims to comprehensively examine both standard negation and clausal negation in Markodi, with a special focus on prohibitive constructions, negative replies and negation of non-verbal predicates. By examining these various facets, the paper aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the negation system within this under-described speech form, while shedding light on the broader typological variations in negation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to propose the Technological Pedagogical and Language Skills (TPALS) framework, an extension of the widely adopted TPACK model, with a specific focus on English Language Teaching (ELT). TPALS emphasizes the interactive relationship between technology, pedagogy, and language skills development to enhance learning experiences in acquiring English as a second language through the systematic integration of digital tools in the 21st century. Drawing on interviews with pre-service and in-service teachers from Southern India, the study explores the real-world implications of TPALS in English language classrooms. The findings suggest that systematic technology integration, alongside pedagogical strategies, fosters language proficiency while addressing diverse linguistic needs. Moreover, the challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic highlight the importance of equipping teachers with appropriate digital literacy skills and training for sustained success in integrating technology into language learning. This paper further explores the potential of multimedia tools, online platforms, and digital resources to create immersive language learning environments and contribute to the development of essential English language proficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic provides an opportunity for filmmakers to identify the potential of the limited space. The pandemic-driven perspectives of the filmmakers widen the horizon of space beyond the spatial and temporal dimensions. Malayalam films have responded to the unprecedented and shocking outbreak of COVID-19 faster because space and its utilization have been always minimal in the industry. People have been shattered in isolation and the new normal imparted new phrases and idioms to the language of life. The desire to socialize, the angst to stay and work at home, the issues of parenting, and the financial crisis have all become part of the new normal. To narrate any kind of story has appeared challenging because the pandemic is an amalgamation of anxieties and it demands to be faithful to all the unfortunate situations of life while featuring it. Thus, the idea of shifting from the physical space to the psychological space progressed and it paves way for extraordinary films with brilliant performances. This paper is an attempt to explore the documentation of the pandemic in Aarkkariyam, a 2021 mystery drama and Joji, a crime thriller. The paper focuses on the many facets of the pandemic like psychological trauma, isolation, work from home, social and financial instability, and the change in the dynamics of ‘home’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper "Pronouns in Ranglong" addresses the usage of pronouns in the Ranglong language. It identifies three distinct categories of pronouns: first person, second person, and third person. Structurally, the first and second person pronouns are monosyllabic, while the third person pronouns are bi-syllabic. Ranglong does not distinguish gender in its pronouns. The paper also discusses the morphological characteristics of these pronouns, focusing on their plural forms as well as demonstrative, interrogative, and reflexive pronouns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the profound cultural impact of All India Radio (AIR) in Kerala through a posthumanist perspective, analyzing how the medium has shaped and been constructed by socio-cultural dynamics neglecting human centric agency. By inquiring AIR's role in Kerala’s social environment, this paper aims to manifest how a technological, social, and ecological element participates in the formation of regional identity and cultural practices. This paper argues that AIR's influence in Kerala can be understood through complex relationships involving human actors, technological advancements, and environmental factors, reflecting a posthumanist perspective that surpasses traditional anthropocentric analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the struggle of Individuals for survival during natural calamities i.e. floods and showcases how their cognitive abilities help them maintain their existence in disaster-like situations. While presenting the helplessness of the old man that forces him to settle down on an island despite the knowledge of the danger of the river during the rainy season, and the empathetic nature of the villagers, it showcases the children learning life lessons from their elders using their cognitive abilities and their own empirical experiences. This paper also reveals how the children suffer from alienation, pine for company and find respite with toys, flora and fauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper delves into a stylistic analysis of Robert Browning's seminal poems, "My Last Duchess" and "Porphyria's Lover." Both works are exemplary of Browning's mastery of the dramatic monologue, offering rich grounds for exploring his stylistic techniques and thematic preoccupations. The analysis of Robert Browning's poems “My Last Duchess” & “Porphyria’s Lover” utilizes graphological, phonological, morphological, and lexico-syntactic features, this study aims to uncover how Browning crafts his narrators' voices and conveys their psychological complexities. The analysis will also consider the poems' use of imagery, irony, and narrative structure, highlighting how these elements contribute to the overall effect and meaning. "My Last Duchess" presents a portrait of a possessive and controlling Duke, whose speech reveals his authoritarian nature and moral ambiguity. In contrast, "Porphyria's Lover" explores themes of love, obsession, and madness through the perspective of a narrator who oscillates between tenderness and violence. By comparing and contrasting these two poems, the paper will illustrate Browning's nuanced portrayal of power dynamics and human emotions. Ultimately, this stylistic analysis will demonstrate how Browning's innovative use of the dramatic monologue form not only engages readers but also invites them to question the reliability and motivations of his speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores with the journey of solitude and reconstructing the self in Paul Auster’s Moon Palace. Solitude was the state of being alone from the society. The main protagonist Marco was emotionally hidden, avoids to contact others. It was the story about families and generations. It talks on the series of lost chances and tragedies. At each stage of his life, his thoughts and emotions drastically changes. He retreats from the society and spend all his time all alone. He stopped thinking on future and avoids commitments. Then, he reconstructs his self from mishaps. Finally, he tolerates his own ambiguities, and accepts the reality. This paper brings out the inner and outer exposure, hardships, sufferings, challenges in reconstructing the self to pave the way for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synchronous and Asynchronous communication is entirely the soothing and sustainable tool of communication in a field of education. The significance of both sorts of communication becomes acknowledgeable in the duration of pandemic. The pandemic times have pushed us to think twice about the life and life expectancy. The surging rate of bacterial and viral infection of COVID-19 thrashed the world into the deep indelible darkness of despondency where the survival of corporate and academic come to the stake and growth of the entire world gets stagnant. It also tried to curb the life. Synchronous and Asynchronous communication are acknowledged as the excellent source of communication that headed and guided the corporate and academic world activities excellently. Both of these have their own negative and positives aspects, which we have discussed further in the research paper. We need to find out new methods for circulation of the knowledge smoothly. There are many e-learning and online platforms such as zoom, Meet, Microsoft Meet, E-mail, etc. which can be used to utilize the knowledge in the remote area where physical appearance is not possible. After the COVID period was ended, it gave us new tools for conferencing i.e. Google classrooms, online conferencing rooms. These are very helpful for the circulation of knowledge in the various forms through Synchronous and asynchronous communication. This paper provides new insights in the direction of education for better knowledge and quality education without any hiccups. It makes us ready for future problems which can be more alarming and suitable for further policies in the field of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, attempt is made to delineate the English teachers’ experiment of teaching romantic poetry and students’ experience of learning. It focuses on the two famous short lyrical poems of the romantic period: William Wordsworth’s I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud (1804) and Lord Byron’s She Walks in Beauty (1815). These lyrical poems are written in iambic tetrameter. The former celebrates the beauty of the nature, while the latter celebrates the beauty of the unknown maid. The linguistic and literary peculiarities in both the contemporary poems are explored. The advanced learners of the literature are necessarily expected to know these linguistic and literary subtleties for better appreciation of these poems. The analyses of the selected poems are presented in the paper. These analyses are based on the framework of Leech (1969) in which he considers criticism and stylistics as complementary and necessary for literary analysis. The paper concludes that both Wordsworth and Byron succeeded in representing their perceptual experiences through I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud and She Walks in Beauty, respectively. We observed their unique style in their poetry despite of the numerous similarities. It is to be noted that a creator of the text (a poet), the process of creation (creativity, imagination, etc.), its representation in a form of the text (a product), and the (linguistic and/or non-linguistic) context are most prominent aspects in poetic composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tries to examine the methods of presentation of anxiety in Harold Pinter's The Room, recognising the imagistic method to be his favoured method of presenting emotional states, and looking at the variety of images that abound in this play. The different types of anxiety manifested by the characters are categorised against the background of this analysis. The pervading influence of psychology and the subtle impact of political issues found to underlie the anxiety of the characters in the play are identified. A different variety of anxiety manifested by characters in Pinter's play is categorised. This study makes an endeavour to examine the play of Pinter taking the ideas that lie locked beneath the words and the gestures in them. Sometimes the words in this play do not seem to convey any idea. The images he creates, the ironies in him, automatic repetitions, monologues and all give particular shades of meaning to words in different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans are social animals and in this respect they are bound to adhere to the norms of society. Socio-cultural norms prove crucial in maintaining decorum and harmony in society. If anyone does something which is against the codes of society is poked by various forces. In Freudian sense human behaviour is governed by three factors i.e. ego, superego and Id. Id represents all the desires whereas superego represents morality, values and ethics; and being social animals, the mind human beings use is ego which strikes a balance between the two i.e. Id and superego. This research paper explores how the abundance of Id results into clashes with the forces of ideology and power in the movie, Amar Singh Chamkila. This paper also showcases that how the unconsciousness of the masses has been revealed under the predominating influence of superego. Besides this, it projects the protagonist struggling for survival attempting improvisation ranging from immoral songs, sublimation, devotional lyrics amidst the complex web of socio-cultural milieu sacrificing his life eventually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the concept of language varieties concerning their influence on social norms, prestige, and social class. It highlights the different varieties of language, including dialects, registers, and standard languages, and their relationship with the concept of a speech community. The paper also delves into the spread of English across the globe, its historical and political factors, and its impact on linguistic diversity and cultural identity in countries like India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. The efficiency and reliability of Kachru's Three Circle Model of English are also examined, and recommendations are provided for further research into World Englishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to study multiple themes in the select novels of Amit Chaudhuri: A Strange and Sublime Address, Afternoon Raag, and A New World. Amit Chaudhuri is a prestigious literary figure in the modern Indian diasporic writing. Indian diaspora literature has blossom into an academic field during the era of multiculturalism and transnationalism. It thrives through the contributions of Indian-origin authors who have migrated to various nations for diverse reasons. This literary galaxy is adorned by distinguished male and female authors who illuminate the trials and complexities of life abroad through their fictional works. This paper delves into thematic concerns from a diasporic perspective, exploring emotions of affiliation and nostalgia, including childhood, friendship, love, cuisine, and family matters. It also examines themes of identity crisis and loneliness, encompassing cultural, traditional, political, and social discussions, as well as songs. Additionally, the paper addresses the themes of dislocation and alienation, highlighting superstitions prevalent among local people and aspects of city life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compound is a word or lexeme that is formed by combining two or more lexemes together. When two or more words are combined together to create a new term or word, than this process of word formation is known as compounding. This research paper aims to examine the word formation process that takes place in Manipuri, and Marwari and how the structures of the words are formed. It involves the study of compound noun structure found in Manipuri and Marwari Compounds. The data are gathered using a series of questionnaires and a semi-structured group interview among the speakers of Manipuri and Marwari community. Compounding is a highly prominent morphological process in Manipuri. Syntactic or morphological analysis simply cannot easily rebuild the identified semantic relation between the components. The original meanings of the components may occasionally be lost during compounding, or an item may be placed in between the constituents to create a potential compound. In other case, if the constituents are inseparable they can be considered to be compounds. Again, in Marwari, the compound nouns are formed by addition of the derivative suffixes like noun, verb or adjectives and they are categorized based on the semantic relationship of the constituent noun. The root word in the compound gives an instance of completeness or totality of the related object. Thus, this paper focus on the various structures formed during compound noun formation in both Manipuri and Marwari language and also highlight the role that takes place in deriving new words from the existing words. The study is an exploration and is not primarily focus on the comparative and contrastive study of compound noun structure; Manipuri belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family and Marwari to the Indo-Aryan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the intricate task of translating the Divine Names attributed to Allah's act of creation within the Holy Qur'an. The study focuses on six specific Divine names, exploring their meanings and interpretations in Arabic, and scrutinising their translations in three wellknown English translations of the Qur'an by Yusuf Ali, Pickthall and Sahih International. The analysis reveals that while these names may appear synonymous, they actually denote distinct aspects of the Divine Act of Creation. The paper highlights the challenges translators face in faithfully conveying the profound depth and richness of these Divine names' meanings, given their unique attributes. The study underscores the complexity inherent in accurately conveying the comprehensive meaning of the Divine Names of Allah in Translation, emphasising the indispensable role of supplementary elucidatory mechanisms in bridging the gap between the Divine Names and their adaptations in translations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the metaphorical usage of taste-terms in Bangla. It discusses how Bangla speakers perceive taste-terms and conceptualise them in our everyday life. The paper is divided into three main sections. The first section provides an introduction to the subject of discussion, the second section talks about the prototypical usage of taste-terms in Bangla, in which the taste-terms are divided in terms of natural food and man-made food. Edible substances such as fruits, vegetables, etc. are natural food items, whereas food prepared by the combination of natural food is man-made food. The third section analyses the data using Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory, with respect to the metaphorical usage of taste terms in Bangla. The fourth section provides a conclusion. This is the first attempt to work on Bangla since there isn’t any work on Bangla in the Cognitive Semantic framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper attempts to study Bollywood film, Earth (1947), directed by Deepa Mehta based on Bapsi Sidhwa’s partition novel, Ice Candy Man, as a tale of communal madness and fanaticism as well as to analyze the consequences of partition. The Indian subcontinent became a hub of religious persecution, anger, and hatred in the summer of 1947. The paper intends to explore how women became the symbol of national borders and therefore, the targets of the fanatics for inflicting gendered violence in different forms. It also aims to point out how the people suddenly became indulged in the act of communal violence due to the partition of 1947. It further looks into account why people turned violent under the influence of false nationalism and bigotry. The study again tries to highlight the collective madness of the people of the Indian subcontinent leading to a menacing atmosphere and anarchy. It is qualitative research where content analysis is used as the selected method and the film is explored through the lens of postcolonialism. The analysis is supported with the data taken from secondary sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meat is considered an integral part of Korean culture, and anyone who diverges from this dietary regimen is often labelled as abnormal or insane. The novel, The Vegetarian, by Han Kang, delves into how the predominant meat-centric culture of South Korea marginalises vegetarians, particularly women who choose a vegetarian lifestyle. The protagonist of the novel, Yeong Hye, during her transformation into a vegetarian, resists the patriarchal pressures that seek to establish the practice of meat consumption as a dominant cultural norm. This paper analyses the novel, The Vegetarian, through the critical lens of the Vegetarian Ecofeminism theory formulated by Carol J. Adams. Adams establishes a connection between vegetarianism and the life of women in her theory relating to her social environment, The Sexual Politics of Meat. She argues that there is association of meat consumption with masculinity, and how women in patriarchal western societies are often expected to cook meat in accordance with the dietary demands of their husbands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper explores Manto's selected short stories i.e. Toba Tek Singh, The Dog of Tetwal, Ten Rupees, Blouse, Khol Do, Licence, For Freedom, and Smell from thematic perspectives. Manto deftly presents the issues of his time through the sentiments and experiences of his characters. The psychological impact of the partition, people's attitude towards animals after partition whether they belong to which country, how the hunger of stomach compels females to sell their body for survival, adultery, extramarital affairs, morality influencing human relationships, hormonal changes during adolescent period resulting in emotional turmoil, communal riots resulting in bloodshed and loss of families, lust, fear, female victims' conditioning to surrender their body for survival to the lusty inhabitants, atrocities of the British on native Indians, freedom as a desired dream and female body as a sight for respite are some of the major concerns, Manto addresses in these texts. Thus, the writer unfolds the aftermaths of chaos, and unrest to the world while presenting the picture of society he lived in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research paper is to reflect briefly on the contribution of Indian Music, be it, Classical, film song or temple singing and its contribution towards the cultural development it has brought to the benefit of the population in Mauritius, an Indian diaspora nation. It begins by situating Mauritius as a Multicultural country. It then sees the new trends which pave the way through intercultural exchanges between different ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper tries to understand the generative lexicon on Gaddi language through studying and explaining the relevant literature available in the domain. Considering the interdependency of the approach, the paper has taken a specific domain of linguistics and has tried to understand the relevance of the approach, specifically the theory in generative lexicon. I have followed the model "qualia structure" of generative lexicon to understand how the four levels of the structure contribute in the meaning formation. This paper presents some examples from Gaddi language, which facilitate our understanding of the theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper explores the potential of storytelling as a means to revive environmental literacy and empathy, particularly targeting children aged 4-12. The paper draws on ecocentric theories and existing research to argue that children's literature, with its simple language, subtle plots, and sentient settings, can serve as a powerful tool for developing environmental intimacy and subsequently literacy. The study emphasizes the need to create and nurture an instinctual kinship with nature in children, with the ultimate goal of fostering a sense of responsibility and citizenship for environmental protection. The pilot study, conducted in schools in Kerala with a student beneficiary count of 500, provides preliminary insights into the effectiveness of incorporating storytelling into environmental education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials adaptation is relatively a recent field of study in ELT, commencing in the late 1980's. Materials adaptation in ELT refers to the modification of materials by bringing the materials closer to a particular context of language teaching. The purpose of materials adaptation is to make language teaching more effective. This paper discusses the process of materials adaptation in ELT focusing on the various techniques. Through a comprehensive literature review and description of existing practices the paper elucidates various techniques employed in materials adaptation. Moreover, the paper investigates diverse issues that hinder the adaptation of ELT materials in Indian context. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the materials adaptation as a significant process in ELT. Moreover, the paper also aims to highlight various issues in Indian context that need to be addressed to include materials development as a crucial element in English language teaching classrooms in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mahasweta Devi is a legendary figure among the Indian Writers. She is one of the greatest contemporary writers, who used to write in Bangla. Till the last breath of her life, Mahasweta Devi raises her voice against illiteracy, displacement, ignorance, and other issues related to exploitation. The Play Bayen was published in 'Five Plays', with other four plays - Mother of 1084, Aajir, Urvanshi and Johnny and Water in 1997. Mahasweta Devi's play Bayen exposes exploitation of women, caste, and gender. I would like to discuss the situation of a lower caste woman Chandidasi and gender discrimination in this play. In this play, there are many dimensions, where women are shown as victims. Samik Bandyopadhyay comments on Mahasweta devi's Bayen, "The metaphoric core of Bayen...lies deeper than the obvious protest against the inhumanity of superstition...Mahasweta touches the larger space of the social forces that separate mother and son in a male-dominated system". This paper attempts to see the struggling woman figure in Mahasweta Devi's play Bayen and discuss how a lower caste woman is accused as a Bayen. According to village people bayen is a woman, who has ability to curse others and breastfeed the dead children. Chandidasi is separated from her son and family. The purpose of this paper is to examine the identity of a woman, which is constructed by the society and fake beliefs of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the phonemic inventory of the Kashmiri language, focusing on consonants, vowels (monophthongs), diphthongs, and nasal vowels. By analyzing both historical and contemporary data, the research focuses on the dynamic roles of vowels, consonants, diphthongs, and nasal vowels within Kashmiri phonology. The study confirms the consistency of consonant and monophthong inventories with previously documented findings, while offering new insights into the diphthongal and nasal vowel systems. Key findings include the identification of a newly recognized diphthong [oi] and the classification of 14 nasal vowels as distinct phonemic categories with substantial variation across dialects: the central urban dialect exhibits the widest range, while central rural, southern, and northern dialects show a reduction in diphthongs, often replaced by monophthong variants. This discovery highlights the need for revising existing descriptions of Kashmiri diphthongs. The examination of nasal vowels identifies fourteen distinct types, organized into front, central, and back categories, and highlighting their phonemic status contrasting with previous studies that had not fully recognized their phonemic relevance. The study’s findings challenge traditional views on the category of nasal vowels and contribute to a refined understanding of Kashmiri phonology. This research enriches the phonological analysis of Kashmiri, providing a detailed account of its diphthongs and nasal vowel systems and suggesting directions for further exploration in phonemic theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whenever we read poetry or any literature from different ages, we notice that language changes with time, noticeable in Kashmiri literature from different times. Since considering the poetry of Shaikh–ul–Aalam (RA), the specimen of 14th-century Kashmiri literature, the Language of Shruks is perceived to be varied but still closer to our contemporary language, yet it demands an intense research study. The present work explores the lexical change, a Linguistic-based approach to the analysis of literature, specifically, poetry in Kashmiri language with special reference to kalam-e- Shaikh–ul–Aalam (RA) popularly known as Shruks. Lexical and semantic change technically describes a change in a word's usage or meaning and a generational advancement in people's preferences for particular words or phrases. Language changes most commonly occur through lexical changes, which are much more evident than other kinds of language change. Lexical change takes place at various levels hence diverse kinds of linguistic change the Kashmiri lexicon has undergone through the ages have been explored in this paper. Linguists claim that the lexicon is the most volatile part of language and most likely to undergo change due to superstate influence in a language contact situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper examines proverbs in Folklore Stories and Proverbs by Sara E. Wiltse, and Proverb Stories by Louisa M. Alcott. It is an attempt to understand the proverbs deeply rooted in other cultures. The stories are set in different contexts and cultures hence, they might use different proverbial functions. The contexts, the culture, and the elements related to natural, social, and traditional aspects vary from one culture to another. The intentions, implications of actions, and traditional beliefs differ. Therefore, it becomes difficult to understand the proverbs used in other societies. I have tried to understand and interpret the proverbs in the best possible way using the context provided by the story. The analysis hopefully provides a better understanding of the proverbs used in these short stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White Fang is a novel by Jack London. The protagonist of the novel is White Fang, a wolf-dog. This paper aims to understand the merits of the human-animal relationship and the compassionate ways in which animals comprehend things and adapt themselves to a harmonious-domestic life. Born in the wild, White Fang adapts to domestic life with Weedon Scott and his family. The role of White Fang in their life is commendable as implied in how the family treats him. The framework adopted here is the human-animal relationship and animal emotions as explained by Margo DeMello in ‘Animals and Society: An Introduction to Human-Animal Studies’. Ethologists admit that animals share with humans not only the primary human emotions of happiness, fear, anger, surprise and sadness but also secondary emotions such as regret, longing or jealousy. White Fang undergoes many of these primary and secondary emotions as Jack London vividly portrays it throughout the novel. Psychologist Michael Fox has introduced four categories of pet-owner relationships: object-oriented relationships, utilitarian relationships, need-dependency relationships, and actualising relationships. White Fang and Weedon Scott share an actualizing relationship in which the person’s relationship with the animal is fully equal and based on mutual respect. Animals are sentient beings. Having a relationship with animals can have a positive impact on both humans and animals. The suffering of animals demands some kind of moral consideration and empathy from humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Northeastern States of India is a hub of various communities, ethnic groups and languages. Most of these languages have close affinities in the field of linguistic traits. These languages basically belong to the Sino-Tibetan language family. Among of these languages, Bodo and Koch Rabha belong to the cognate group of Tibeto-Burman groups of languages under the greater Sino-Tibetan Language Family. Linguistically, both Bodo and Koch Rabha languages have similarities in case of phonology, morphology, syntactic and semantically. The present paper intends to make a comparative study in the field of noun formation of Bodo and Koch Rabha languages and the similarities in its formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phoneme is the smallest unit of speech in a language that distinguishes one word from another. In Hmar, the /s/ in sun ‘lead’ and the /z/ in zun ‘urine’ represent two different phonemes. The present paper is an attempt to describe the phonemic inventory of Hmar language in terms of the number of vowels, consonants and diphthongs including their distribution and arrangement in the language. The study will also investigate whether Hmar exhibits the phonological features of other Tibeto-Burman languages or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While folktales are stories from and for the (common) folk, they are often transgressive at both literary and socio-cultural level. For instance, the phenomenon of death that holds a close affinity to human beings, at personal and social level both, is not always addressed with the same seriousness, gloominess, and philosophical perspective as the real world of the folk. Death and dead, lifeless bodies, embody myth and mystery transgressing biological and social boundaries. This playful approach is used for different contextual and textual fulfilment. Even so, the playful transgression itself dispenses the gravitas of the phenomenon of death, especially in socio-cultural contexts. This paper analyses three folktales of Rajasthan, credited to Vijaydan Detha, that engage in such playful transgressions with the idea of lifeless bodies and death. The tales, as examples of Corpse Literature, reveal and question at the same time, the role and influence of folktales in its contribution to the narrative of death. How then does one regard these playful transgressions on death in terms of meaning and discourse? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper analyzes proverbs in the four volumes of The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night otherwise popularly known as Arabian Nights. The purpose is to point out the cultural nuances and implied meaning of the proverbs. The stories are set in the Arabian context hence, they use different contexts to perform their proverbial function. The contexts, the culture, and the elements related to natural, social, and traditional aspects are different. Therefore, it becomes difficult to understand these proverbs. I have attempted to understand and interpret the proverbs in the best possible way. The analysis hopefully provides a better understanding of the proverbs used in these folktales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an overview of teaching English vocabulary in the context of 21st century advancements and challenges, within the field of English language teaching and outside. It takes review of 21st century learning components comprised of learning competencies, learning modalities, ICT, and infrastructure in relevance to English language teaching in general and English vocabulary teaching in particular. It discusses different approaches and techniques of vocabulary teaching. It argues that vocabulary is foundational blocks of language. Mastering vocabulary is indispensable in (second) language learning. Besides methods of vocabulary teaching, learners’ personal trait such as motivation and self-efficacy are also crucial in mastering English vocabulary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Writing is the most important skill needed for engineering students as engineers have to communicate intricate technical information, deliver reports and proposals to clients and colleagues throughout their career. Effective writing skills nurture critical thinking and problem-solving acumen. Hence, language teachers play a vital role in equipping engineering students with this skill. Though second language learners face challenges in mastering the nuances of English language, Padlet, an interactive and user-friendly platform, assists L2 learners in mastering this skill through a collaborative approach, which motivates them to augment their learner autonomy and competence. This paper explores the potential of Padlet in enhancing the writing proficiency of engineering students in the light of the theories that support the integration of Padlet and the methods through which teachers can create an interactive and effective learning atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preeti Shenoy, a prolific Indian author, has garnered widespread acclaim for her compelling storytelling and relatable characters. This paper delves into the thematic richness and narrative techniques of her novels, examining how they reflect contemporary Indian society’s evolving dynamics. Through a detailed analysis of her most notable works, this study explores the recurring motifs, character development, and socio-cultural contexts that define Shenoy’s literary contributions. By integrating critical viewpoints from literary critics and textual quotes, this comprehensive examination underscores the significance of Shenoy’s work in contemporary Indian literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces selected papers from the National Seminar on Language and Literature conducted by the Department of English at Karunya University published within the issue.

In evaluating the making of the language provisions of the Indian Constitution, this paper tries to argue that the idea of Constitutional parity of languages in the Indian polity of a secular nation was overlooked, in contrast to the Constitution's ethos of recognizing and respecting the diverse religions of the land. The Constitution has failed to consider languages as yet another cultural artefact, like religion. By proposing a mono-linguistic model of 'official language', the provisions actually gave way for a 'national' language in disguise, while also valuing and promoting Hindi's Sanskritic roots, thereby assuring Sanskrit a role and visibility in the future of the modern, new-born nation. Finally, the paper tries to propose that the lack of linguistic parity in the legal realm, in terms of state's recognition and patronage, impact the growth and expansion of languages negatively, by exploring the specific case of Bhojpuri language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]