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Two steers excreting similar quantities of organic matter daily were grazed at pasture during the summer of 1961. The four experiments each involved a preliminary period of five days dosing with Cr2O3 to reach a fairly constant excretion. The steers received a daily dose of Cr2O3 either in oil suspension or in shredded paper. The carriers and steers were interchanged for each trial. For two of the trials each steer in turn was harnessed every other day and all its dung collected in a bag. Total faecal excretion of organic matter was measured from the bagged steer and estimated from the Cr2O3 concentration in a composite sample made up from all dung pats voided during the ten-day collection period. In the other two trials the steers were not harnessed and each dung pat was separately sampled and analysed for Cr2O3 in the organic matter. The average recovery of Cr2O3 in the first two trials was 99·1 (oil) or 94·4% (paper). Calculating the faecal organic matter excretion from the concentration of Cr2O3 in the faeces and the quantity given daily overestimated it by 3·5 to 8·0%. There was no significant difference between shredded paper and oil as carriers of Cr2O3 for estimating the quantity of organic matter excreted. There were 37% and 22% less variation between dung pats in Cr2O3 concentration when this was administered in shredded paper than when given in oil suspension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a report on the papers read at the 7th International Grassland Congress, which was held at Massey College, Palmerston North, New Zealand, during November 6-15, 1956. The Congress, attended by some 180 overseas delegates from 35 countries together with over a hundred delegates from New Zealand, was intended for the presentation of papers on recent developments in grassland thought. These were arranged in thirteen sessions, dealing with various aspects of grassland, at each of which four papers were read. Considerable attention was paid to the introduction and breeding of improved pasture species. Various aspects in the breeding of improved herbage varieties were presented in ten papers.

This article comments on the papers presented at the Sixth International Grassland Congress held in State College, Pennsylvania from August 17 to 23, 1952. A large proportion of the papers in the Genetics and Breeding Section were of the cytogenetics type in that they reported investigations of the breeding behavior of certain species and hybrids. The significance of this may be in the fact that methods based on selection within mixed population and subsequent strain building from basic plants, after tests of combining ability, have explored fairly thoroughly the available material within a few of the more common species.

A list of papers related to sociology that were submitted to the International Sociological Association is presented. They include "Recruitment of Higher Civil Servants in Britain," by Keith R. Kelsall, "Social Science Research and Intergroup Relations Agencies," by Willard Johnson and "A Community Survey of Darmstadt, Germany," by Nels Anderson.

The article presents summaries of research papers discussed at the Winter Meeting of the British Grassland Society held in London, England on December 11, 1970. Forage nutritive value may be considered a function of voluntary consumption, digestibility and the efficiency with which digested nutrients are utilized. Ensiling has little effect on digestibility or on the efficiency with which the energy in forage is utilized, but will generally result in a reduction in the efficiency of utilization of crude protein. High rates of production can be attained by animals fed entirely on conserved forages. Good silage depends upon high-quality crops, harvested at the right stage of growth and ensiled quickly. The choice of any storage system depends not only on its cost but also on the prevention of waste. The potential for loss must be balanced against the cost of the silo and of the machinery essential for its filling and unloading.

Presents a review of several papers on grassland management and animal production read at the 8th International Grassland Congress at Reading, England in July 1960. Basic factors which influence the efficiency of conversion of pasture to animal products; Grazing pressure and the measurement of pasture production.

Facets of human behavior deserve the serious consideration of man more than the re-evaluation of our moral codes and the development of a sound, functional, ethical orientation regarding sex. Because human beings have sex impulses, society has found it necessary to order and regulate sex activities and relations, and therefore every cultural group has established some set of rules and patterns to which its members were expected to conform. Some of the traditional attitudes and beliefs about sex have focused upon the negative view that sex was unclean--something to be denied and rejected. The church and state took upon themselves the responsibility of establishing regulations and attempted to enforce adherence to these regulations in order to preserve the values of the society or group. The double standard in premarital sexual intercourse has been increasingly questioned and criticized in modern United States. There are those who believe in and observe a single standard of chastity, and an apparently increasing number who are accepting premarital coitus for both male and female.

Presents a case-history describing primary psychotraumatic neuroses experienced by a teenage patient. Family background; Personality and characteristics of the patient; Information on the phobic anxiety and alternating amnesia suffered by the patient.

Presents a study which measures the effect of one's conscious attempt to influence scores on a questionnaire type of personality tests. Reason cited by critics for doubting the reliability of questionnaire type personality tests; Methods and materials utilized by the researchers for the study; Results of the experiment; Factor which caused the directional change in the scores of the subjects.

Discusses the development of cutis verticis gyrata in acromegalic patients. Features of acromegaly; Description of acromegalic patients; Nature of cutis verticis gyrata.

Presents a recap of the events that transpired during the summer meeting of the British Grassland Society, held at the Newscastle Upon Tyne, England. Attendees; Activities and programs; Details of the conference sessions.

The sharp seasonal difference in the price schedule for milk produced in this country has been a consequence of concentrating the industry on the supply of milk for the liquid market and the wide price-gap existing between milk for the liquid market and milk for manufacture, a result of the free import of dairy products. Seasonal pricing has thus been intimately related to the Government's general policy on the size of the milk industry, and on international trade. The policy framework will change when we enter the EEC. Then the gap between liquid and manufacturing prices will be smaller. The general level of producers' prices will be higher and deliberate policies of restriction on total milk output will have gone. On a reasonably conservative assessment of the likely liquid premium in the UK within the EEC framework, the Milk Marketing Board have concluded that it will be possible to maintain the present absolute level of seasonal price differentials. More doubt is attached to the possibility that there could be any increase in relative winter prices to cover the greater increases in cost that winter producers will suffer from rising prices for concentrates. Switching output from winter to summer raises the cost of manufacturing dairy products, and also increases transport costs. A modest estimate of these additional costs has been calculated to be of the order of £13 per cow if she is transferred from calving in the September- November period to the February-April period, or 1-5 pence per gal of milk transferred. On the farm side, having regard to the evidence of the Milk Costings scheme and other sources, there is some doubt as to whether spring calvers will produce milk sufficiently cheaply to justify the additional marketing cost. Having regard to all the doubts about costs and marketing, the Board have decided to leave the seasonal price schedule unchanged and to make no move in favour of summer production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents summaries of research papers presented at a symposium of the British Grassland Society and the Fertilizer Society that was held in London, England on April 25, 1974. The quantity of nitrogen fertilizer necessary to obtain a given yield from grassland depends on the nitrogen contribution from non-fertilizer sources, that is, soil, legume and animal excreta. Although the use of nitrogen fertilizer on grassland has been recognized for a considerable time as an effective means of increasing the output of milk per unit area, relatively low levels are still used on a national basis. The response of grass to nitrogen fertilizer is variable in terms of the yield obtained for a given rate of nitrogen or the yield increment for each unit of nitrogen applied.

Highlights a special meeting devoted to original papers and discussions on lichen planus which took place in Strasbourg, France on July 11, 1927. Issues related to the study of lichen planus that were discussed during the meeting; Discussions on the micropathology of lichen; Types of treatment for lichen planus.

Comments on papers about grassland management read at the 8th International Grassland Congress in July 1960. Role of herbage in maintaining the right soil condition for the right plants; Use of fire in the extensive management of grassland; Reason attempts to introduce better species into pasture by oversowing have rarely met with rapid success in Great Britain.

This article presents abstracts and summaries of articles and papers that were presented at the Winter Meeting of the British Grassland Society, held in London, England, on December 5, 1973. Abstract of the paper "Intensification of Grassland: Future Trends and Implications," by W.F. Raymond, summarizes the study which suggests that better management, good levels of milk production and good daily gains by cattle can be achieved with little supplementary feeding. Abstract of the paper "Impact of Grazing Management on Sward Survival," by R. Hughes and D.K. Jackson, summarizes the study suggesting that sward survival depends on tiller replacement to maintain an effective density. It is strongly influenced by defoliation patterns, fouling, treading and conservation or topping practice, which interact with the sward type expressed by contrasting grass varieties. Abstract of the article "Current Research on Weed Problems Associated With Grassland Intensification," by R.J. Haggar, reports on the findings of various studies on weed problems.

This article presents summaries of papers that were presented at the summer meeting of the British Grassland Society in Herefordshire, England, which was held, from July 16-20, 1973. One of the papers discussed is "Milk Production From Pasture As Affected by High Levels of Nitrogen and High Stocking Rates," by F.J. Gordon. An experiment was carried out for 3 successive years, using 40 lactating cows in each year, to examine the effects of two levels of N of 400 and 700 kg/ha at each of 2 stocking rates of 494 and 741 cows/ha. The animals were grazed in groups of 10 per treatment, using a fixed rotational grazing system, for 22 weeks in each year. Another paper discussed is "An Effect of Time of N Application in a Growth Period on Herbage Production," by K.M. Wolton. In paddock grazing systems it is seldom convenient to apply fertilizer to each paddock as soon as gazing is finished.

The article presents abstracts of research papers read at the winter meeting of the "British Grassland Society," held in London, England on December 8, 1872. The research paper "Intensification of Lamb Production Systems," suggested that theoretical considerations can clearly pinpoint the factors that may make a positive contribution to production and profit and, allied to practical experience. It must also be recognized that production systems cannot be discussed unless it is possible to name and describe them, in such a way that similarities and differences can be identified as diagnostic or trivial. Another study called "Nitrogen and Stocking Rate for Lowland Sheep," found that increasing stocking rates at any of the nitrogen levels selected resulted in an increase in the total output of lamb.

This article presents the abstracts of papers presented at the 1963 annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology. According to the paper Robert Bruce House: An Experimental Program, by Harvey W. Trimmer Jr., an analysis of 60 men who have passed through the Bruce House program in the past 17 months of its operation shows a success rate of 66.7 percent, as compared to the success rate of 15 percent to 20 percent of the same group of individuals without such a facility. In his paper Some Inter-Relationships Among Social Control Structures, John P. Clark's findings suggest that the manner in which social control structures inter-relate may be the most important factor in the determination of delinquency and crime rates, as well as for other forms of behavior requiring control. The social control systems in three urban communities were examined to determine the quality of interaction and its relation to action in control situations. Moreover, all control components consistently rated their own agency better on its general characteristics and operations than they rated others. Meanwhile in the paper Time Lapse in Criminal Litigation, author Walter A. Lunden suggests that the time lapse between the commission of a crime and the actual arrest of the offender varies according to the type of crime and cooperation of the public with the law enforcement officers.

The article presents summaries of papers read at the summer meeting of the British Grassland Society held at Wye College, Ashford, England, on July 12-16, 1971. "The Response of Ryegrass Varieties to Very High Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer," by D.T.A. Aldrich, reports about an experiment to simulate some of the problems created by grassland intensification. "The Herbage Intake of Grazing Calves," by J. Hodoson and J.M. Rodriguez, measures the herbage intake of Friesian steer calves. "The Growth of Beef Cattle Fed on Maize Silage With Supplements of Lucerne or Urea," by J.M. Wilkinson, C.R. Lonsdale, and J.C. Tayler, studies the growth of beef cattle fed on maize silage with supplements of dried forages.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 1964 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology in Montreal, Canada, on December 28-30, 1964. The paper entitled Father-Daughter Incest: Treatment of the Family, reports on the treatment of twenty families with the problem of father-daughter incest where the father did not serve a prison sentence but was placed on probation. The paper entitled Evaluation of Records in Delinquency Research, focuses on the Southern California Records Matching Project which deals with the manner in which the records of delinquency adjudicating agencies at the local level maybe linked with Federal Census Records in order to maximize the efficiency of data collection and analysis. The paper entitled Juvenile Court Judge's Institute, summarized attacks on the Juvenile Court from any quarters, the weaknesses that inspire these attacks, and the crucial role that the Juvenile Court has to play in spearheading the introduction of personalized justice in the administration of the criminal law. The paper entitled A Spectrum of Sexual Problems Found in an Out-Patient Setting, focuses on the Forensic Clinic which was established in 1956. It is an out-patient division of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital operated by the Ontario Department of Health under provincial statute.

The article reports on the prize being offered by the Luigi Sturzo Institute for a paper on sociology which constitutes an effective contribution to this field of study both from the point of view of serious research and maturity of thought. The topic of the essay would be the methodological problems and criteria of sociology in the first half of the twentieth century. The prize for the winning paper is 4 million Italian lire and will be published at the expense of the institute.

This section presents abstracts of research papers presented at the 1963 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology.

This article reports that the members and friends of the American Society of Criminology desiring to present scholarly papers at the 1964 annual meeting of the Society in Montreal, Canada should let their intentions be known no later than May 15, 1964.

This article highlights the 5th International Criminological Congress of the International Society for Criminology to be held in Montreal, Quebec, from August 29 to September 3, 1965.

Factor analysis is designed for ordering the interrelationship of a number of variables by constructing a smaller number of variables that will adequately account for the correlations among all the original variables. The factors extracted may be viewed as more basic variables that underline the relationships among the manifest variables actually studied. In the original paper, the author examined the concomitants of three dependent variables: family-size preferences, birth intervals, and fertility-planning success. Three factor analyses were performed and reported, one each for samples of Protestants, Catholics, and Jews. The objective of the paper was to elucidate the structure underlying the concomitants to the three "fertility" variables. On the other hand, the selection of items that have first-order relationships to the fertility variables should tend to emphasize the development of factors with the fertility variables as central items. This should occur since redundant items have been eliminated and the likelihood.

This is a second and comparison paper on the continuance and functioning of a kin family network in contemporary industrial society. The concept of the kin network is proposed as a replacement for the one which posits that a nuclear family unit is most suited functionally for the exigencies of modern life. The kin family network is composed of nuclear families bound together by affectional ties and choice. The lifelines of the network are help and service exchanged among members of nuclear families related by blood and affinal ties. Help, service and social interaction characterize the activities of this interdependent kin family system identified as the kin family network. Help and service among kin members take many forms. The principal form of help among parents and their married offspring is financial aid. One purpose of this paper is to examine how much aid binds together nuclear related families along generational lines. In this paper the term parental aid for married children is limited to financial assistance which may be in the form of cash, gifts, or services.

This article presents information on research papers published in this issue of the journal "Marriage and Family Living." One research paper "Social Class and Family Control of Television Viewing," examines class differences in parental policies governing the use of the family television set by the children and the whole family. The sample consisted of 102 white mothers having children between 2 and 18 years of age. Data were obtained by a pretested interview schedule consisting of 24 open-ended questions. In another research "Personality Characteristics of the Mothers of Aggressive and Unaggressive Children," The general hypothesis was that the tendency to develop aggressive techniques may be determined by inherited constitutional factors of introversion-extraversion and neuroticism. The participants were 48 mothers and their 108 children who were between 7-11 years of age. The children's aggressiveness was rated by two teachers and the mothers' extraversion and neuroticism was measured by the Maudsley Personality Inventory.

This article presents brief summaries of article, published in issues of several periodicals. Teen-age marriages, pregnancies among high school girls, youthful gang violence, and increases in youthful crime rates are deeply serious events. At present, an increase in the size of the American family is occurring. This paper focuses upon the motivation for having larger families and the social changes that may underlie these motivations. Many changes have developed in the role of women due to the technological developments. This speculative paper explores the direction of family life over the next 40 years. The author sees the increasing proportion of women employed gainfully as the clearest indication of approaching sex equality. Family life educators are taken to task in this article for persisting in presenting only one side of the question on the frequency of divorce associated with religiously homogamous or heterogamous marriages. This article is concerned with needed communication between theology and anthropology. The two fields have a common link in being concerned about truth, whether natural or social.

This paper is the first of three reports' of research on factors associated with unwed mothers' decisions as to whether or not and through what channels they should release their children for adoption. The relevance of research on unwed mothers to research in adoptions becomes obvious when we consider that unwed mothers supply approximately 50 per cent of the children for the adoption market. The major focus of this first report is group treatment of data which are descriptive of psychological and familial factors associated with unwed mothers' decisions concerning their children. One of the implications of the present study can be stated in the form of a highly qualified prediction concerning an emerging pattern or trend concerning unwed mothers and their babies. This prediction also represents the rationale for what may have seemed to some as an overemphasis on the need for caution in interpreting and using such research data as are reported in this paper.

This article presents information on the dilemma of adoptive parenthood. The main objective of this paper is to show the existence of in congruous role obligations in the situation of adoptive relations, and to indicate the likely consequences of current modes of dealing with the dilemma which the incongruity produces. Secondarily, in terms of methodology, this paper is meant to help demonstrate the applicability of structural functional analyses to the strategies of welfare practice. Reference to the adoptive situation is here restricted to a single type of it. According to the author, acceptance of values which are inappropriate to the adoptive situation may occur the more readily because adoptive parental roles as alternatives to those of biological parenthood are at present neither adequately designed nor fully sanctioned. In the absence of institutionalized learning patterns concerning adoptive family rules, biological parenthood provides the most readily available frame of reference for the self-perceptions and role definitions of adopters.

The article discusses disillusionment in marriage and romanticism. This paper presents and seeks to evaluate some data on this subject. The data of this study consist of what have elsewhere been termed the disagreement and disagreement estimate scores of seventy eight favorite date, sixty-six going steady, fifty-four engaged,and sixty married couples. These data were obtained from a 75 per cent non-random sampling of students and their off campus dates, fiances and mates. The disagreement scores are derived scores obtained by comparing the personal responses of, for example, a husband and wife to items dealing with marital role opinions, the responses being made in terms of a five point Likert scale. In this study, disillusionment was operationally defined as a particular pattern of derived scores for a marital role opinion item. This paper has described an exploratory study of post-marital disillusionment and its relationship to romanticism. Authors have demonstrated that there is evidence suggesting the existence of post-marital disillusionment in both males and females, though the evidence is stronger for male disillusionment.

It is the purpose of this paper among these variables, it would be theoretically to provide, in outline form, a methodological Possible to establish "predictive criteria" for the strategy for research programming in a family counseling experience. This is not an easy task, counseling agency. In so doing, the article shall focus upon the problem of applying experimental designs and measuring instruments to the 'raw materials of the counseling setting. The relevant variables are themselves complex as each one may be straight along several dimensions. At the same time, it is always desirable to know and to be able to investigate such stratification. It is not the purpose of this paper to discuss the possible reasons for the small volume of research from social agency settings to date. The family agency has access to information that includes sociological factors and general background information as to family structure and psychological disturbances, as welt as possible treatment effects.

The author, in this article, shares his opinion regarding recently held Family Research Conference. From the first conference session until the last, the concept of values punctuated the discussion of papers. Not that any of the papers dealt explicitly, specifically and in detail with the intrusion of values into family research. In general they did not. But, always there was a tendency to question why researchers choose particular problems to investigate and how their choices influence or predetermines results. As interesting as is the fact that there was continued awareness of value influences at the conference, no real effort to come to grips with the problem was evident. Two to three decades ago many workers in the family field expressed the social values including the permanency of marriage, adherence to traditional sex standards and general maintenance of the status quo, rather openly. Now while few unqualifiedly profess such values, careful scrutiny of both research and action programs might indicate considerable support, by some indirection, being given to the same values. The family research conference hinted time and again at this problem but did not make any important contribution to its solution.

This article presents abstracts of several research papers related to family research, published in various journals. The paper "Psychoanalsrtic Principles in a Mental Health Clinic for the Pre-School Child and His Family," by Nathan W. Ackennan, published in the journal "Psichiatry," is based upon the author's experience as Director of the Council Child Development Center in its first five years of existence, 1946-1951. He discusses the Center's attempt to integrate psychoanalytic thought into its program. According to the article "The Family Today: Its Needs and Opportunities," by Martha M. Eliot, published in the journal "Pastoral Psychology," the end result which is desired in child rearing is a healthy person&Iity. Parents today are anxious for knowledge about child growth, development, and care. Knowledge about child development has been a slow and gradual accumulation, it will not be complete for some time to come, However, thme who work with families have the task of prescnting to the parents the knowledge available.

This article focuses on the research papers published in this issue of the journal "Marriage and Family Living." The research paper "Research in family dynamics: A criticism and a proposal," focuses on the extensive use of questionnaires in the study of interpersonal family relations. The study suggests the clinical approach by family sociologists who have been trained in psychodynamics as a more appropriate technique which is also capable of progressive refinement. The research paper "Family-oriented treatment of marital problems," highlights the special aspects of family-oriented treatment of marital problems in a family agency focus attention on the interaction between husband and wife. A sound clinical understanding of each partner is essential, but it is equally important that the relationship between the partners be understood. Another research paper "Are educators afraid of sex?" attempts to show that there is a trend toward emotional withdrawal from sex instruction in family life education today.

This section presents abstracts of papers on marriage and family living. The article entitled The Role of the Extended family in Disaster, by Michael Young presents a small scale survey of certain flooded areas in Great Britain in 1953. It revealed that most flood evacuees took refuge in the homes of their relatives rather than in official centers and billets. The report entitled The family Constellation and Overt Incestuous Relations Between Father and Daughter, by Irving Kaufman, Alice Peck and Consuelo Tagiuri, includes the study of family relations and character formation in eleven girls who have been involved in incestuous relationships with either father or father substitute. The report discloses the occurrence of incest in families of a similar psychopathology peculiarly conducive to acting out the oedipal wish, date and future directions. The role of three factors in family breakdown are discussed in the paper entitled Economic, Cultural and Social Factors in Family Breakdown, by E. W. Burgess. Economic conditions underlie, but are not direct causes of juvenile delinquency and family disintegration. Outstanding values in U.S. culture, individualism, competition, and democracy, emphasize the development of the individual and weaken the institutional bonds of the family.

This section presents abstracts of several papers on family and marriage. In his article The Necessity of Group Therapy in Marriage Guidance Clinics, which appeared in the November 1953 issue of International Journal of Sexology, Conrad Van Emde Boas attempts to show that group-therapy is an indispensable part of marriage guidance work because of the shortage of psychotherapists in Holland. The educational form of group-therapy proved valuable especially in those cases where the married couple were not fighting against each other, but together to overcome some problem. The paper Sex Instruction in the Norwegian Culture, by Thomas D. Eliot, which appeared in the October 1953 issue of the journal Social Problems, is a review of sex education in Norway since the first World War. It emphasizes the struggle of educators to introduce sex education into the public schools in opposition to religious groups and to a mythical public opinion. The article The Effect of Residential Propinquity on Marriage Selection, by Joseph R. Marches and Gus Turbeville, which appeared in the May 1953 issue of the American Journal of Sociology, provides information on a study which employed Bossard's method of studying the relationship of residential propinquity to mate selection. The authors studied marriage applications dated from November 1951 until April 1952 of 300 couples residing in Duluth, Minnesota.

This article presents updates on meetings and events related to family living and marriage at universities and associations in the U.S. as of May 1946. At the two sessions of the American Sociological Society, papers presented were devoted to the topic of family. The first, on the Family and the War, chairman, Ray E. Baber, discussed papers by Mildred Fairchild on Compilation of Data Regarding American Women at Work and at Home in World War II, by Leonard Bloom on Familial Adjustments of Japanese-Americans to Relocation, and by John F. Cuber on A Study of the Adjustmental Problems of Returning Service Men and Their Spouses. The Association for Childhood Education, on the other hand, held a restricted 1946 Annual Meeting in Cincinnati, Ohio, on April 1946, limited to approximately eight hundred people. In addition, the Child Study Association of America held its Annual Conference on March 4, 1946.

This paper discusses why recreation is an essential to a balanced life. It notes how people are beginning to realize that a surgeon's skill is enhanced if he is a balanced person and not under tension. This paper identifies several situations which can and must be adequately treated by recreation. Recreation can be the first stage in initiating both relaxation and rest for an individual or a family group. The type of recreation would determine the effect in compensation for fatigue, frustration or for the release of nervous tension. The type of recreation would also determine its value in creating a healthier spirit in the family through helping to create the mood for happy intimate contacts. Work and rest are essential to a balanced life, but the efficiency of both is enhanced by play. Recreation should be adapted to each individual's particular need and desire. The type of recreation will vary with the individual preferences, it will vary with the time of week in relation to the work done. The type of play will vary with our sense of guilt or acceptance of recreation. The choice of recreation may be influenced by our moods, our powers of muscle coordination and skill, our ability to cooperate with a group or our fear of people. The choice must be made by the person himself.

The article reports on the Fourteenth International Congress of Psychology which was held in Montreal, Quebec on June 7-12, 1954. The congress consisted of evening addresses, symposia and sessions of research papers on topics with major importance related to psychology. Clinical papers discussed the implication of clinical findings and the papers on industrial psychology were concerned with the social and technological factors in productivity.

The article presents the highlights of the meeting of the third section of the International Sociological Association's Second World Congress of Sociology on recent developments in sociological research held in Belgium in 1953. Also tackled at the congress was the problem of values. It says that majority of the papers contained factual reports on developments in teaching and research. It notes that the papers on national and local developments in teaching and research represent all countries.

The article focuses on the papers about social stratification and social mobility presented at the International Sociological Association's Second World Congress of Sociology held in Belgium in 1953. It says that the papers have been divided into several groups including general surveys of the social stratification of whole countries. Other studies focus on evidence of considerable mobility and some of its disadvantages. One study deals with the obstacles to social ascent via education.

The article presents the proceedings of a discussion of K. C. Wheare's paper on the powers that must be possessed by a union of states, at the World Congress of Sociology and Political Science held in Zurich, Switzerland on September 4, 1950. Professors Akzin of the University of Jerusalem, Puntambekar of Nagpur University, Bichara Tabbah of the Faculty of Law in Beirut and Calogeropoulos-Stratis of the School of Political Science in Greece gave their separate commentaries on the paper.