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One HPV vaccine was approved this July in China, which caused wide attention and discussion on social media Weibo. This study systematically analyzed information posted on Weibo to learn both the media discourse and public's reactions on this HPV vaccine. A content analysis was conducted on 382 posts. The posts were analyzed with respect to message source, tone, format, number of reposts, and information specific to HPV vaccine. Correlations between the aforementioned variables were also examined. The results showed a neutral or positive tone toward HPV vaccine in general, however, 30.8% of messages from individual sources hold a negative tone. Statistics was the most often used format. Comprehensive information on HPV vaccine, HPV and cervical cancer were presented by most of the messages (60%). However, the accuracy and effectiveness were lacking in half of the messages. The average numbers of reposts were 1083 and 8580 for individual and organizational sources. Higher numbers of reposts were associated with neutral tone, statistics format and complete and accurate descriptions for messages from individual sources. This relationship, however, didn't exist for messages from organizational sources. Health practitioners should pay attention to the inaccurate and ineffective issues of online information about HPV vaccine, especially when it is from organizational sources since it is highly disseminated without much scrutiny from online users. Moreover, when utilizing interpersonal source to disseminate health information, a neutral tone with complete and accurate account might be disseminated more widely at the current stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are gay men of color less likely to perceive that they are connected to the LGBT community? If so, what predicts engagement or disengagement with this particular community? This paper analyzes how gay men's level of connectedness to the LGBT community differs by race using survey data that includes LGBT individuals from all 50 states, county types, and races. I also seek to understand what may be driving the relationship between race and level of connectivity. This paper finds that Black gay men are the only group who is significantly less connected to the LGBT community when compared to other gay men of differing racial categories. We find that the most prominent predictors driving this association is the belief that one's racial identity is more important than ones sexual identity, along with how "out" the respondent is to those that they associate with. These results from this paper point to the difficulties in managing two marginalized identities, especially when those identities are largely in conflict with one another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: It is well known that the raw material and processing have effect on the properties of the final product, including the surface properties such as surface energetics, acid-base properties, water sorption. It is also challenging to measure those differences. Spectroscopic techniques will normally yield analytical information on solid state materials such as what is present, where is it present and how much is present. This data contains little, if any, thermodynamic information. Sorption techniques are able to determine surface thermodynamic and related physicochemical information about solid surfaces. This study compares the surface energy and water sorption uptakes of commercially available bathroom tissues (recycled, pure cotton and mixed fiber-based tissues), in order to demonstrate the effect of raw material and the processing on the surface properties. MATERIALS: Bathroom tissues have characteristics that optimize their application to absorb water. Their surface topography enhances their elasticity and maximize their absorbance. These properties modify the surface heterogeneity. With the increasing awareness of the importance to protect the environment, manufacturing companies are developing more environmentally responsible blends of components to create their product. The main component of tissue paper is wood pulp fibers. To increase sustainability, the pulp can be blended with recycled paper or alternative fibers. Alternative fibers can include bamboo, sugar cane or agricultural waste. Blended composites increase tissue biodegradability and effects wettability, allowing the paper to break down quicker than its non-blended alternative. This study compares the surface chemistry, water sorption uptakes and the accessible hydroxyl groups on the surface of four commercially available bathroom tissues (an industrial UK toilet tissue, a recycled toilet paper - made from 100% recycled paper and sustainably sourced -, one with pure cotton fiber and an Asian Industrial toilet paper) [1]. SORPTION TECHNIQUES: Sorption techniques use vapor phase molecules as molecular probes for studying, in detail, gas-solid interactions, which provides surface thermodynamic and related physicochemical information about solid surfaces. The two main characterization techniques in current usage that use molecular vapor sorption approaches for characterizing solid state materials are dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) and inverse gas chromatography (iGC). Inverse Gas Chromatography Surface Energy Analyzer (IGC-SEA) was used to measure the BET specific surface area, surface energetics, acid-base properties of the bathroom tissues. DVS-Resolution instrument was applied to determine the water sorption uptake and the accessible hydroxyl groups on the surface of the samples using D/H exchange. In the iGC analysis, the probe molecules only screen the surface therefore the technique is sensitive and can be used to quantify the subtle differences in surface chemistry. In comparison, bulk sorption is the major factor affecting data collection under these conditions when using the DVS instrumentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its independence Kosovo continues to face a high rate of unemployment. The purpose of this research paper is to study the labor market administration by the Public Employment Service in Kosovo. The result of the research is to understand the extent to which the employment policies offered by the Public Service have addressed unemployment. The methodology used in this paper is different. For the theoretical part of the paper we have used various books, papers and scientific articles on the role of the Public Service in addressing unemployment. Whereas for the practical part we have used reports, public and studies of local and international institutions as well as semi-structured interviews with the middle level management of the Public Employment Service. The conclusions of the paper are: (i) the Public Employment Service has a role in a state that is in the transition process; (ii) the Public Employment Service should be reformed and modernized as well by increasing cooperation with employers; (iii) the Public Employment Service operates in a competitive environment with private employment agencies and the work of these agencies should be seen as complementary to the PES; (iv) The Public Employment Service should expand the list of services and measures offered by clients, diversify active labor market policies for different categories of unemployed, and offer, in addition to active policies, passive policies the labor market for the unemployed who cannot be integrated into the labor market; (v) The Public Employment Service should provide professional trainings required by the labor market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the LDS Church (Mormon) as an entry point for investigating the ways in which the new racism operates within contemporary religious institutions. Discourse analysis is used to identify the frames through which racial concepts and racial inequality are perpetuated. Despite the LDS Church's claim that is "universal" and that race no longer matters, this study identifies three key discursive frames through which race and racism continue to operate as core organizing features of U.S. Mormonism. The broader theoretical implications of this study for the sociology of religion and for understanding ongoing processes of U.S. racial formation are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I consider a construct ("stereotypes") and an associated activity ("stereotyping") that have become central to much social psychological research on intergroup relations, as well as being prominent resources for everyday people in designing their actions and interpreting the actions of categorically-identifiable others. Specifically, I examine some ways in which stereotypes and stereotyping are treated as morally accountable by social psychologists, their research participants, and participants in everyday interactions, and how each of these groups of people may work to manage the implications of this moral accountability. I focus in particular on what can learned about stereotypes by closely examining their deployment in everyday interactions - in contrast to currently dominant experimental approaches that tend to strip stereotypes of the social context of their expression, and the moral accountability associated therewith. My analysis applies a conversation analytic approach to recorded interactions from radio call-in shows to demonstrate some ways in which the "accuracy" (for participants) of particular stereotypes is produced as an important factor in the interactional negotiation and contestation of the moral implications possible instances of stereotyping. In addition, I consider some possible exceptions to the apparent importance accorded to the accuracy of stereotypes, including "positive stereotypes", "self-stereotypes", and the use of stereotypes in producing jokes or humour. I conclude by suggesting, based on this analysis, that a holistic understanding of stereotypes and stereotyping requires attention to the social-moral contexts in which they are produced, and the participant-administered accountability associated with these contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of numerical abilities was examined in three groups of 5 year-olds: one including 13 children accomplishing a numerical training in pencil-and-paper format (EG1); another group including 21 children accomplished a homologous training in computerized format; the remaining 24 children were assigned to the control group (CG). The participants were assessed at three successive times (t0, t1 and t2) with a battery of validated tests assessing numerical abilities and fluid intelligence. At times t1 and t2 we found differences between experimental groups and CG, while the children's abilities in the two experimental groups were similar. We underline the crucial role of pre-syntactical and counting dimensions, accounting for a distinction between the experimental groups and control. Results are discussed with reference to the relevance for training activities of the presentation format (pencil-and-paper versus computer-assisted). Pragmatical and practical implications are also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have found that whites have become increasingly tolerant of minority neighbors, even if they still prefer a majority-white neighborhood, while blacks have always preferred diverse neighborhoods. But, are the motivations for wanting neighborhood diversity the same? This study combines a year of ethnographic fieldwork with in-depth interviews with 30 people in a racially diverse neighborhood in Milwaukee, WI to examine this question. The study found that white and black residents reasons' for valuing diversity differed by race in ways that were structured by experiences of inequality in the Milwaukee metropolitan area as a whole. White residents valued diversity as a symbolic good that bolstered their identities as progressive and cosmopolitan. By contrast, black neighbors appreciated neighborhood diversity because it was one of the few places in the city that afforded them everyday tolerance and decency. The findings suggest that the broader context of structural racial inequality that creates disparate embodied experiences of urban places contributes to racial differences in reasons for liking integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public rhetoric suggests that unauthorized immigrants use criminal measures to take advantage of American society, including marrying US citizens for papers. Meanwhile, academic research on marriage often emphasizes rationaldecision makers driven by socio-economic factors. Both the public rhetoric and this academic literature, then, suggest that unauthorized immigrants may "marry for papers" because of the economic gains to be had. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 1.5-generation unauthorized Brazilian young adults, I do not find support for these contentions. Raised in the United States, 1.5-generation Brazilians are opposed to marrying strictly for papers, even though legalization could bring opportunities for socioeconomic mobility. They stressed that marrying for papers felt "wrong" because it was unlawful and too much like an "arranged marriage." Furthermore, having been raised in the US with upwardly mobile aspirations, they largely saw young adulthood as a time of self-exploration. Many drew distinctions between their Americanized selves, whose focus was on careers, educational gains, and fun and their Brazilian peers who they perceived to prioritize marriage and children. Ultimately, their discussions demonstrate their incorporation in US society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "supply chain revolution" first swept through manufacturing, then basic services such as customer support. Today the cutting edge lies with complex functions essential to professions such as law, medicine, and science-a phenomenon dubbed "knowledge process outsourcing," or KPO. This paper reports upon an ethnographic study of a Filipino KPO vendor that contracts with academic publishers to handle various stages of the publication process. During the author's fieldwork, this firm experienced two intertwined crises. On one hand, a struggle with publishers over the quality of its copyediting of scientific papers; on the other, a struggle with copyeditors to squelch discontent and forestall a unionization movement. The firm's partial (in both senses of the term) resolution of these crises illustrates how publishing firms increasingly sweat labor in the global south to streamline science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the global release of the World Wide Web in 1994, the migration pattern of the highly trained individuals from developing nations, often referred to as Brain Drain, has dramatically increased. Despite debates over the positives and negative consequences, there is mounting evidence that these migration flows are both a product, and a compounding engine, of asymmetrical global development. Rarely considered, though, is the role played by new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) like the Internet. However, contemporary trends do suggest a strong association between the global diffusion of new ICTs and the increase in migration from less-developed to advanced nations or what this paper refers to as Digital Brain Drain. Also, not considered is how Foreign Aid efforts like ICT for development, or ICT4D, initiatives may be inadvertently contributing to Brain Drain, and perhaps paradoxically neutralizing efforts to reduce global disparities like those promoted by the United Nations' Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To begin to fill the gap in the literature, this paper offers various intersectional lenses by which to frame the phenomenon of Digital Brain Drain and an analysis of current trends, while also suggesting a strategic research agenda to assist policy-makers address this important 21st century intersectional, problematic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper asks how insecurity fares in comparison to other forms of control in generating effort among employees by investigating how craft control, direct supervision, automation, on-the-job training, participation and insecurity impact relationships with management, voluntary effort and effort restriction. We use content-coded data on 212 work groups to investigate how various approaches to control influence levels of voluntary effort and effort restriction, in part through their impacts on satisfaction, commitment and hostility. Findings from OLS and logistic regression demonstrate that investment in long-term relationships with workers produces more favorable outcomes for employers and employees, while insecurity generates reductions in commitment and increases in hostility comparable those associated with direct supervision. Insecurity has no discernible impact on voluntary effort. A negative impact on work avoidance is apparent, but only after controlling for levels of commitment and hostility - suggesting that unintended negative impacts on relational processes undermine potential benefits of insecurity for employers. In other words, insecurity is generally ineffective as a means of control due to countervailing impacts on workplace relations and, we argue, a decoupling of sustainable effort from keeping one's job. We conclude that investment in workers is a superior strategy for eliciting effort, although competition and short-term profit orientations may limit employers' capacity and/or inclination to pursue it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Girls and women in Western culture are socialized to see sex as an expression of love. Although girls and women feel sexual desire and enjoy the physical act of sexual activity, there is a strong cultural message connecting sex and love and chastising girls and women who have sex outside of committed relationships. In contemporary Western culture, we also expect love to be the foundation of marriage. Thus, in this paper my focus is to explore women's feelings about the importance of love in sexual relationships and sexual activity, the importance of sex in marriage. I conducted in-depth interviews with a diverse group of ninety-five women, most of whom were heterosexual, between the ages of twenty and sixty-eight. As part of a larger study on the development of women's sexuality and sexual agency, I asked women about the role of love in their sexual relationships and sexual activity, as well as the importance of sex in marriage. I find that most women associated love and sex and found sex more satisfying in relationships where they loved their partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

\Over the past three decades, urban areas of the Interior West and Pacific Northwest have experience what some commentators call the fourth great boom since the settlement of those regions a century ago. What fueled this boom is in many ways similar to past booms: a sudden influx of immigrants (both foreign and domestic) along with rapid job growth and spatial development to take advantage of housing prices and property values. But rather than promising endless land for suburbs and office parks, some cities have tried to contain growth, rebuild their centers and create a new urban identity based on medium- or high-density living; other cities, after seeing the consequences of unrestrained growth, have decided to reconsider their transportation and development options. These cities, in contrast to their counterparts in the Southwest and Sun Belt, could hold the key to how American urban areas can adapt and thrive in a century that will be dominated by ecological and economic concerns. Using a mixed methods approach of demographic data and media content analysis, this paper examines four cities in the American West - Seattle, Portland, Salt Lake City, and Denver - to gauge how transit, growth boundaries, and an emphasis on quality of life, outdoor recreation, and environmental health have led to sustainable population growth and economic prosperity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many PhD students write paper-based dissertations. This has several advantages; by dividing the PhD project into smaller pieces you get published early, and also reduce the overall risk of running out of time and funding. However, at one point you will need to write a PhD Summary, which essentially should show that all the pieces fit together into one consistent contribution. This is often more difficult and time consuming than expected, and the PhD student - while now well versed in the chosen research method - is often at loss regarding how to do this. Enter Strawberry Analysis. Building on Carney's Ladder of Analytical Abstraction and Miles & Huberman's data analysis techniques we suggest a framework that guides the PhD student through four steps of analytical abstraction and synthesis, enabling her or him to integrate the contributions of each paper. We illustrate the approach by an example, and discuss the usefulness of the framework. This study should be useful to PhD students writing a paper-based PhD, particularly those who have published a few papers and are in the second half of writing the Summary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gaming activities are an integral part of the human learning process, in particular for children. Game-based learning focuses on motivation and children's engagement towards learning. Educational game-based activities are becoming effective strategies to enhance the learning process. This paper presents an educational activity focusing to merge mobile computing devices and Augmented Reality, as a means to engage student in collaborative learning towards the Aesthetical Periods of Music History. The Musical Peddy paper proposes student to use their mobile computing devices (smartphones/ tablets) to find eight stations scattered in a set location, and then use their music literacy skills to find the correct answer in each station. Collaborative work is required to find the stations and the answers to the clues. The musical Peddy-paper was developed mixing Geo-location and Augmented Reality concepts. Geo-location Points of Interest (POI's) where set through Hoppala platform. Augmented Reality browsing and QRCode reading is supported by the LAYAR platform. In this paper, we introduce the concept of game-based activities as a tool to promote motivation and engagement towards learning, and fully explain the development process of the activity. We conclude this paper presenting the conclusions contemplating the use of this activity among a group of children from the 2nd Cycle of Basic Education in Basic School Maria Manuela de Sá, Matosinhos - Portugal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have some very fundamental objections with the way the Europeans are doing these kind of risk models, and how they're setting their standards, and we know there's a kind of global battle going on between which one is finally going to dominate in the end. It's going to be the US system or the EU system. It permeates everything in the Codex, all the trade issues. Codex needs the science base. That's our mantra. …We cannot inject other factors in and say 'well, … because consumers don't like it we don't want to have this.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]