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Copyright of Studies in Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studies in Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studies in Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper pulp tank in Valkeakoski, Finland, collapsed on 27 March 1996. The volume and height of the steel tank was 6000 m3 and 35.5 m, respectively. The collapse occurred during test filling with water. During the test filling it was noticed that the tank was tilting. The time from first observation to final collapse was around 12 min. The tank collapsed onto a building next to it, causing the death of one person. During the collapse there was approximately 5000 m3 of water inside the paper pulp tank. The ambient temperature was −20°C during the collapse. The Safety Investigation Authority started an investigation because the incident was a major accident and there was loss of human life. Several reasons for the collapse were discovered. In addition, several recommendations were made for construction in general. This article presents a case study and details based on material that has already been published, but it also includes a structural analysis made in the study. The goal was to clarify the main reasons and form them into a timeline of the collapse. Also, lessons learnt are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stanley Kubrick's project on the Holocaust, Aryan Papers, was dear to his heart. He worked on it for a long time, but he could not, in the end, bring himself to complete the planned film. This article canvasses some of the reasons other scholars have supplied for this film remaining unmade, including the notion that the Holocaust is unrepresentable. However, it points to a novel explanation. I argue that Kubrick's plot modifications, particularly to the conclusion, doomed the project. Specifically, Kubrick has a Jewish woman take revenge for war-time atrocities. Discussing revenge in relation to the Holocaust has until recently been as impious as representing the Holocaust itself. Jewish revenge was unfashionable in Holocaust films of all kinds when Kubrick was working on Aryan Papers in the early 1990s. Kubrick's planned film was generically ahead of its times. The vengeful Jewish woman had to wait for Inglourious Basterds in 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article asks why Stanley Kubrick's longstanding wish to direct the film version of Louis Begley's 1991 novel Wartime Lies never came to fruition. In Begley's novel, the protagonist Maciek recounts the experience of living in hiding under a false identity in Nazi-occupied Poland. Kubrick drafted a series of quite different plotlines and conclusions for the film version, to be called Aryan Papers, in which Maciek's aunt Tania takes a highly dramatic role in their destiny. The more Kubrick changed Aryan Papers, in response to the pressure of Hollywood expectations and the cultural valorization of active Holocaust resistance, the less it resembled the very work he had chosen to adapt. This impasse shows why the director could not ultimately bring Aryan Papers to the screen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ink-paper historical documents, which are an important part of cultural heritage, can be damaged by various materials on the outside and the inside of the paper. Cotton fiber sheets treated with iron gall ink and then treated with stabilization materials were studied. Nanosized Mg(OH)2 was used as a deacidification material and potassium bromide, tetrabutylammonium bromide, or propyl gallate as antioxidant materials were investigated as a stabilization system for iron gall ink-damaged paper. All samples were artificially aged in the air for 150 h at 65 °C in a UV/moisture chamber or 500 h at 90 °C. The pH and alkaline reserve (AR) measurements, monitoring of color change, and scanning electron microscopy analysis data confirm that the aging effect is more destructive to the iron gall inked paper. The experiment results show that using alkaline materials with antioxidants, such as nano-Mg(OH)2 and propyl gallate, positively affects color changes of ink-damaged paper. Treatment with a stabilization system such as nanosized Mg(OH)2, a binder hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel), and an antioxidant as propyl gallate is a suitable method for iron gall ink damaged paper stabilization and preservation, according to the study results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xuan paper is one of the most famous handmade papers in China and is an important paper for conservation. However, the evenness of Xuan paper has not yet received much attention. In this study, the distribution of the in-plane grammage and mechanical properties of Xuan paper are measured. It is found that the distribution of the in-plane grammage and mechanical properties of Xuan paper is uneven. In the handmade direction, the grammage and mechanical properties of Xuan paper are overall largest in the lower area, followed by the upper and middle areas. The sheet forming process of Xuan paper has an important effect on the distribution of in-plane grammage, mechanical properties, and fiber orientation of Xuan paper. The folded state has a negative effect on the mechanical properties of the folded area of Xuan paper. This study will help raise awareness of the unevenness in physical properties of Xuan paper, which is important in both conservation and research applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "ChatGPT and healthcare: Unlocking the potential of patient empowerment" by Harvey Castro MD, MBA explores the application of ChatGPT, an AI language model developed by OpenAI, in the healthcare industry. The book discusses the benefits of ChatGPT for patients, such as generating concise summaries of medical histories and providing professional abstracts of research papers. It also highlights the importance of cautious utilization of ChatGPT due to potential risks and limitations, including non-intuitive responses and sensitivity to data alterations. The author emphasizes the need for enhanced medical and healthcare literacy to maximize the utility of ChatGPT. The book also addresses legal and ethical issues surrounding ChatGPT usage in healthcare, including privacy concerns and the need for clinical validation. Overall, the book presents ChatGPT as a tool that has the potential to transform healthcare services and improve patient experiences, but also acknowledges the challenges and limitations associated with its use. [Extracted from the article]

"Last Paper Standing: A Century of Competition Between the Denver Post and the Rocky Mountain News" by Ken J. Ward explores the rivalry between the two newspapers and the decline of multiple newspaper cities. The book highlights the intense competition between the Denver Post and the Rocky Mountain News, which lasted for over a century. It also delves into the personalities involved and the innovative ways the newspapers differentiated themselves to benefit readers. The author suggests that both newspapers could have coexisted, preserving the high standard of journalism, but ultimately only one newspaper survived. The book emphasizes the importance of preserving good newspapers and the loss that occurs when they fold. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The papers of Beck and Snider (this issue) grapple with the place of abortion in our psychoanalytic thought and practice, locating abortion within the larger cultural and political world. At the heart of much of the difficulty surrounding a thoughtful consideration of abortion is the accompanying dissociative pressure arising from the binaries of life and death, of maternal versus fetal well-being, and the confounding of socio-cultural and personal decision making. I offer an intergenerational lens juxtaposing the polarized present with the open and accessible abortion landscape of the late 1970s. In both eras, examples are discussed where the political and cultural zeitgeist exerts dissociative pressure on patient and therapist alike, leaving little room for psychoanalytic exploration. The role of both partners in any conception is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Critical Realism has issued a call for papers for a special issue on "critical realism and the self." The concept of the self is seen as crucial for social change and emancipatory theorizing. The special issue aims to explore various aspects of the self, including subjectivity, reflexivity, authenticity, personhood, and identity. Submissions can be theoretical or applied, and can engage with critical realism or critique it. The deadline for submissions is May 31, 2024, and the final papers are required by November 19, 2024. [Extracted from the article]

To understand the degradation behaviour of rolled hanging scrolls for future conservation treatments, we evaluated the degradation–position profiles of naturally aged hanging scrolls and their model samples, which were subjected to different storage conditions. For the sample immersed in a CuSO4・5H2O solution and rolled around a glass rod, accelerated ageing using the open method (80°C, 65% RH) revealed a tendency of lower pH and higher discolouration towards the central positions, where rolling caused the most tightness. However, no clear tendencies were observed for the concentration variations of organic acids. The degradation effects of the organic acids emitted from the paulownia wooden box were also examined using the sealed tube method by enclosing the rolled painting paper and acidic paper containing organic acids together in a glass tube. Large amounts of oxalic and formic acids were detected at the periphery and scant migration of the organic acids was observed towards the centre, thus indicating that the central positions of the painting paper were less susceptible to the influence of the organic acids emitted from the external environment. By contrast, glycolic acid diffused towards the centre. The analysis of two naturally aged hanging scrolls showed different degradation behaviours. One sample, stored open in the rolled state, showed severe discolouration with the naked eye at the outermost back surface of the scroll. This was possibly associated with the large amount of sulfate ions originating from the external atmosphere, which kept the pH lower and increased discolouration towards the peripheral positions of the painting paper. For the sample stored in a paulownia wooden box, discolouration was not observed with the naked eye at the outermost back surface of the scroll, although lower pH and higher discolouration were observed towards the central positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Households on the Mimbres Horizon: Excavations at La Gila Encantada, Southwestern New Mexico" by Barbara J. Roth is a significant publication for Mimbres Mogollon research, providing insights into the development of households and their spatial and artifactual patterns at early Mimbres Mogollon habitation sites. The author's research at the La Gila Encantada site, uncluttered by overlying pueblo remains, allows for a clearer understanding of site layout, habitation, and contextual relationships of features and artifacts. The volume includes seven chapters, with contributions from specialists, covering topics such as excavation methods, ceramic data, stone artifacts, jewelry, and plant and animal remains. This book is valuable for researchers studying Mogollon archaeology and early village and household developments in the region. [Extracted from the article]

One of the factors affecting the life expectancy of hanging scrolls is the storage environment. Our study focused on clarifying the degradation behaviour of painting paper, concentrating on the specific storage conditions that provide an airtight environment in a storage box and the stacked structure of the rolled paper rather than considering the materials of the wooden storage box or the gases generated from it. The degradation behaviour and rates for the sealed tube and moist heat ageing methods, excluding the additional effects of light and air pollutants, were compared. When the painting paper was immersed in a CuSO4・5H2O solution instead of a copper green pigment, the oxidation of the painting paper, attributed to Cu2+, proceeded faster with the sealed tube method than with the moist heat method. The co-occurring organic acids generated, namely glycolic and formic acids, which were secondary components, were detected in a higher amount in the first lining paper than the painting paper. This implies that the acids migrated from the painting paper into the lining paper. However, oxalic acid, which was the main component, did not significantly migrate and remained in the reaction system in the sealed tube without volatilising. This increased the hydrogen ion concentration in the painting paper and accelerated acid hydrolysis. Consequently, discolouration and a decrease in the degree of polymerisation and physical strength proceeded faster with the sealed tube method than with the moist heat method. Thus, although this result does not necessarily invalidate the storage system of a rolled hanging scroll in a box, the storage of a deteriorated hanging scroll in a closed system is expected to degrade the painting paper faster than it would in an open system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing awareness of the importance of bacterial-resistant surfaces has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic global problem. Therefore, the need for antibacterial surfaces has become urgent. The by-product bagasse papers (BPs) were modified with antimicrobial natural rosin, followed by the synthesised graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles (GO-Ag-NPs) through a spin coating approach. The modified samples exhibited a remarkable antibacterial activity towards E. coli (G−ve bacteria) and S. aureus (G+ve bacteria). The microstructure, as well as phase composition of the prepared composites, was identified using various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and hydrophilicity which was metered by water contact angle (WCA). The obtained results demonstrated that the halos of inhibition were noticed for decorated TBP samples by GO-Ag-NPs with various diameters ranging from 20 to 25 mm. Consequently, packaging applications could be extra developed with these renewable nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal of Critical Realism has issued a call for papers for a special issue on Morphogenetic Régulation (MR). MR is a theoretical and methodological framework that examines complex systemic transformations within contemporary capitalism. It builds on the Immanent Causality Morphogenetic Approach (ICMA) introduced by Knio in 2018, which combines Margaret Archer's Morphogenetic Analysis with Spinoza's concept of immanent causality. The call for papers invites contributions that apply MR to various themes and disciplines in the social sciences. The submission deadline for full papers is September 31, 2024, and all papers will undergo peer review. [Extracted from the article]

Within the Master's course "Civil Engineering" at TU Darmstadt, a project has to be carried out. In the winter term 2018/2019 this was the design and fabrication of a bridge spanning 6 m and made entirely from paper. Students had to find bridge types suitable for the use of paper, develop and optimise cross sections and bracing systems and furthermore prove the load bearing capacity. This included the use of experimental methods explicitly. Finally, the bridge had to be erected crossing a small creek. No materials other than paper, cardboard and glue were allowed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Japanese painting paper is sized with an aqueous solution of alum and animal glue followed by brushing with a mixture of pigments of various colours and aqueous animal glue solution. Subsequently, to mount the Japanese painting to a hanging scroll, the backside of the painting is lined with a first lining paper using wheat starch paste for mechanical support. To evaluate the permanence of the painting paper as a composite material in the hanging scroll, the deterioration behaviour of the unlined painting paper and the lined painting paper was compared considering the material dynamics. After moist heat accelerated ageing (80°C, 65% RH), in the sample immersed in a CuSO4・5H2O solution, cellulose was oxidised by Cu2+ to generate organic acids in the painting paper, and Cu2+ and organic acids migrated to the lining paper. Consequently, the discolouration and oxidation of the painting paper in the lined complex were relatively low compared with those of the unlined painting paper. The pH decrease in the painting paper was also small in the lined complex. Moreover, if the animal glue solution was coated on the painting paper, a buffer effect was shown to operate against the organic acids derived from the oxidation of Cu2+, thereby inhibiting the migration of Cu2+ into the lining paper. In conclusion, the presence of the lining paper inhibited the decrease in the physical strength and degree of polymerisation of the cellulose in the painting paper, thus contributing to its permanence in the lined hanging scroll. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated whether reading comprehension would differ when the texts are studied and tested on screen or on paper. Participants were 69 college students who were attending a college in midwestern United States. Participants read two expository texts each, under comparable paper and screen conditions and answered comprehension questions. Test forms and the order of the conditions were counterbalanced. The correlations between reading outcomes and reader characteristics were examined. Participants also completed a survey on their views on the two media (paper or screen). The results did not indicate a significant difference on students' reading comprehension as a function of medium and reader characteristics. However, students reported preferring paper-based reading for complex material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The papers authored by the people who analyse, and discuss their own data, are known as primary literature. Finally, although it seems obvious, the authors of the review papers are specialists who can conduct objective and unbiased reviews and write convincing arguments within their area of specialty. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides a keyword in context analysis of three editorials published in London-based papers regarding the events of 16 August 1819 in Manchester: one daily paper, The Courier, and two weeklies, Sherwin's Political Register and The Examiner. It aims to offer lexical evidence of the struggle for the cultural-political appropriation and representation of Peterloo 'in public consciousness'. To this end, insights from critical discourse analysis, specifically social actor theory, are used, and elements of rhetorical and argumentative analysis are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the impact of the book People's Law and State Law: the Bellagio Papers, edited by Anthony Allott and Gordon Woodman, published in 1985. It sets out why I consider this publication to be a seminal text in establishing and developing the field of legal pluralism, which had a great impact on both the development of the Journal of Legal Pluralism and on my own development as a young legal scholar. In looking beyond the text, I consider the ways in which scholars have engaged with the book's call for legal and social science to "work from a new map". In doing so I explore a recent arena of scholarship involving international intervention. The article highlights the important contribution that empirical studies can make to research on legal pluralism, by moving beyond the binaries of state and non-state actors, as well as through pursuing how scholars are adopting a more integrated and relational approach to law, one that may involve breaking down traditional disciplinary boundaries. In particular, I explore how concepts such as space and time contribute to a multi-dimensional, scalar perception of law at odds with a formalist, state-centred view of legal pluralism. This allows new insights to be generated into the operation of plural legal structures and constellations in which people operate allowing for a view of law that involves multiple networks of relations cutting across international, national and local boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic or refractory breathlessness adversely affects quality of life. Current treatment strategies for managing breathlessness are often inadequate in providing complete relief. Kinesiology taping is generally used in musculoskeletal practice for preventive and rehabilitative purposes. Recently, our attention was drawn to the plausible mechanism(s) and indication for use of kinesiology taping for managing chronic breathlessness. We present a brief review of the scientific rationale and efficacy of kinesiology taping for respiratory function-related outcomes. Through this publication, we hope to catalyse discussions amongst palliative care professionals and researchers on the potential use of kinesiology taping in the management of chronic breathlessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separation of oil and water mixtures is an important issue in acidic and alkaline conditions. In this paper, the chitosan (CS)-coated filter paper was successfully fabricated for application in the field of oil/water separation by crosslinking filter paper with hydrophilic chitosan through a simple Schiff's base reaction. The surface of the prepared CS-coated filter paper maintains superhydrophilic and low adhesive ability to oil in water. Besides, this filter paper can resist highly acidic erosion even concentrated sulfuric acid. Surprisingly, CS-coated filter paper can be efficiently applied on the separation of different types of oil/water mixtures in wide pH range conditions and exhibits excellent recyclability and antibacterial property. The antibacterial rate of CS fiber pure textile can reach 99%. The antibacterial rate of blended fabric is about 75%. This separation process has high potential for industrial oilfield wastewater treatment and separation in extreme environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the art of paper tearing by Hong Kong-based paper-tearing artist Sing Man Lee in his aim to create a bridge between contemporary life and traditional Chinese cultures. Other topics include how Lee made his first paper-tearing artwork, how the art can improve a person's confidence, and an exploration of Lee's artwork through the National Visual Arts Standards.

To study the life expectancy and difference in aging resistance properties of different modern repair bamboo papers, hydrothermal/dry-heat ageing experiments on repair bamboo paper samples were conducted. The mechanical strength (tensile strength and folding endurance) of different papers during the ageing process were analyzed. Furthermore, the chemical properties (degree of polymerization and pH) of the samples were tested to search for the immanent cause of paper ageing. The results indicated that the ageing resistance ability and durability of modern repair paper are strongly related to their production process, which corresponds with the initial properties of the paper. Mechanical pulp had a low degradation resistance, which was further exacerbated by the chemical bleaching process. In the long run, traditional handmade papers with solar bleaching processes will have longer-term stability and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If I The Sunday Paper i is, as the authors write, "an argument for shifting the topography of journalism and newspaper history and placing it more squarely within media history" (p. 4), then we need to know that "topography." Paul Moore and Sandra Gabriele explain how this happened in I The Sunday Paper: A Media History i by charting the ways in which the Sunday newspaper continually reinvented itself with new inserts and sections and the adoption of technologies that attracted and engaged readers. For most of the twentieth century, the distinctive "thud" of the Sunday newspaper hitting the doorstep (if the paperboy had accurate aim) was the sound of journalism. [Extracted from the article]

Patients with eating disorders struggle with the ability to regulate amounts, concretely and symbolically, and we, as therapists, witness and are always subject to the too much-ness and the not enough-ness as they are played out in continuous enactments in the analytic dyad. Wooldridge and Sheehy's contributions highlight our challenges in looking at the ways in which such difficulties in regulation evoke relationships to important attachment figures that are then enacted in the interpersonal field. I reflect on these papers through a relational perspective that places more emphasis on the therapist's integrated participation and curiosity about their participation in enactments. A two-person theoretical model of patient's problems and of therapeutic action can expand the exploration of how self-regulation is rooted in mutual regulation and dysregulation, and how such exploration can be ultimately transformative in the interpersonal field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gao elaborates how Si-lan engaged in code-switching of her racial consciousness and identity depending upon changes in the international and domestic politics in China and in the United States. She explains how the PRC regime perceived, made, and remade the five cultural figures and underlines how Liu and Chen subtly adjusted their identities depending upon political dynamics and tensions. In chapter 3, Gao sheds light on Liu Liangmo, who popularized and translated Chinese militarist and folk music in cooperation with Paul Robeson and bound Christianity to the Communist China after 1949. [Extracted from the article]

In this way, songs became a particular trigger that invoked the Cultural Revolution generation's memories of the Cultural Revolution. Through specific stories drawn from oral history interviews, Ouyang demonstrates that emotional attachments which individuals developed to songs of the Cultural Revolution made revolutionary music beyond political propaganda. Music As Mao's Weapon: Remembering the Cultural Revolution: Lei X. Ouyang. [Extracted from the article]

Among bleaching agents available in paper conservation, hydrogen peroxide (HP) is a versatile choice that has many advantages in the removal of discoloration from paper. However, its well-known radical formation in the presence of iron impurities in paper poses the risk of cellulose degradation and color reversion, i.e. return of staining. This study explores a method to diminish undesired HP reactions by adding an additional step using a calcium phytate solution as complexing agent to the recommended treatment sequence. Tests on model papers impregnated with different molar concentrations of iron ions to trace the effects of simulated HP treatments on weight average molar mass, carbonyl group content, and color indicate that the iron phytate complex is sufficiently stable to sustain limited HP bleaching and thereby keeps the iron ions to a certain extent from the reaction system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Teaching History in America: From Students to Professors" is a collaborative anthology by 31 Chinese historians who teach in universities in the United States. The book explores their experiences teaching history and offers observations and reflections on history education, college culture, and higher education administration in the US. The authors come from diverse backgrounds and teach at universities across different regions of the country, providing a comprehensive view of history education in US universities. The book also highlights the authors' efforts to integrate Chinese culture and educational ideas into their teaching, contributing to cultural exchange between China and the US. [Extracted from the article]

Scott Worman and Hannah V. Mattson, University of New Mexico Arroyos and Agriculture: Geoarchaeological Investigations at Pueblo Pintado, published in Kiva 75(4)2008Anton Daughter, University of Arizona A Seventeenth-Century Instance of Hopi Clowning? This issue marks the 25th year that the Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society and the Arizona Archaeological Council have sponsored the annual Julian D. Hayden Paper Competition, named in honor of long-time southwestern scholar Julian Dodge Hayden. The competition is open to any bona fide undergraduate and graduate students at any recognized college or university and the winning entry receives a cash prize of $1,000 and publication of the paper in I Kiva i . [Extracted from the article]

This paper proposes the use of simulation modelling to explore the effect of conservation strategies on the preservation of paper collections. Agent-based simulation was chosen as the simulation approach in order to capture the individual characteristics of the collections, their size, and the values of pH and degree of polymerisation (DP) for individual items. This approach enabled the simulation of the chemical degradation of different types of collections during their lifetime and under different preservation scenarios. We conducted a series of computational experiments on three types of collections, acidic, modern, and mixed, to explore the effect of slightly lowering the temperature and relative humidity in the repositories, the deacidification of part of the collection at different rates, and the delay in making the decision to start a deacidification treatment. The results indicated that a small change, lowering the storage conditions from 18°C to 16°C and from 50% to 40% RH, can protect up to 30% of the collection from reaching the critical DP of 300 within a time horizon of 500 years. On the other hand, to obtain similar results through deacidification, 45% of the mixed collection and 70% of the acidic collection should be deacidified within a period of 100 years. The experiments also indicated that better results are obtained when the priorities for deacidification are acidic records with a pH value below 5. This study shows that modelling the heterogeneity of the collections can support preservation management, particularly if the concern is not the preservation of a part of the collection but the collection as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chronological synopsis of the history of the technology used in experimental and testing work relating to artillery pieces is presented. The period covered is from the mid-seventeenth century up to the Cold War era of the mid-twentieth century. Although the focus is on the development of ballistics measurement in Britain, there are important links to related work in continental Europe. The locus for much of what is described is the Royal Artillery proof and experimental range at Shoeburyness and the key individuals and groups of men and women who worked there. There are longitudinal connections between the very earliest technologies of mechanical chronometry, with paper screens and paper-based calculations, and the later technology where timings, screens and calculations had all become electronic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major datasets such as these are vital for enhancing our understanding of isotope variation and will aid interpretation of human isotope values well beyond the geographical and chronological confines of this project. Certain elements of this project, such as the isotope and radiocarbon data, are incorporated in the Beaker People Project dataset in other chapters. The clearest impact is of the largest multi-isotope dataset comprising five proxies (carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, strontium and oxygen) yet delivered in archaeological research globally. Pp., Illus. 230, Tabs. [Extracted from the article]

The National Museum in Krakow, Poland, has been carrying out a comprehensive risk assessment for its extensive collections of works on paper. The collection was stratified into primary homogeneous groups such as holdings of works by important artists or large groups of documentary prints or posters. Relative values of the selected groups of objects were estimated based on their market values. The primary groups of objects were further divided into subgroups for different risk scenarios developed by considering varying susceptibility of the subgroups to two key hazards - chemical deterioration and physical failure upon handling. A number of criteria were used: paper brittleness, pH, or the degree of protection of objects against physical forces through containment options defined as framed, matted, contained in albums, or unprotected. Next, the accumulation of damage from the deterioration processes or multiple events for each subgroup of the specific risk scenario was estimated. Finally, the loss of value was assessed by museum staff by considering questions as to how the predicted damage accumulation affects the uniqueness of the work, its artistic value, documentary information, or display potential. The information collected at all stages was introduced into a specifically developed software tool which calculated and presented the magnitudes of risks facilitating the risk evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the American Institute for Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)