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To explore the potential of the N-cyano sulfilimine group as an amide bond isostere, a derivative of anthranilic diamide was synthesized and evaluated with regard to its physicochemical properties, permeability, and biological activity.

Games that are used in research on game-based learning and serious games that are used for education are usually exclusive, making it difficult for teachers to attempt new methods in education. According to the data published in 2009 by the European Schoolnet (EUN), a network of European Ministries of Education, most of the problems that teachers face when using games in class are related to game selection. Based on the aforementioned data, this study presents a set of criteria for selecting games in order to solve the inconvenience experienced by teachers. The games, which are used as teaching materials for game-based learning, have been replaced with commercial games that are easily purchased, rather than serious games that are difficult to obtain the licensing. Based on the criteria, two games were selected in this study and the classes were conducted at the educational site. Compared to the group trained with textbooks, it has been confirmed that the effect of game-based learning was sufficient. In addition, five out of ten problems that teachers face were resolved.

We verified the origin of water-infiltration-induced electricity generation by an ionovoltaic effect, specifically, ion–surface interaction induced potential asymmetry in porous structures. When 20 μl of water (NaCl, 0.1 M) infiltrates into a porous CuO nanowire film, electrical power of ∼0.45 V and ∼0.23 μA is produced for 40 minutes. Moreover, a method of proportionally amplifying electricity is presented, and the practicability is shown by turning on an LED with infiltration of eight seawater droplets.

An ionovoltaic device with an electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor structure is drawing much attention due to the electrical energy which can be generated by the movement of a water droplet. Herein,...

Evaporation-induced electricity generation, harnessing natural vaporization of water, is spotlighted as a promising energy conversion system with showing off remarkable characteristics such as cont...

Transferring charge carriers through an insulator film between two metal electrodes is a major issue in various electronic devices, including metal/insulator/metal (MIM) diodes and resistive switch...

With the development of the game industry, and the new electronic consumption chain to promote the development of the game industry model continues to strengthen. Therefore, it is more necessary to make good use of good technology to do a good job of games. From the momentum of the development of mobile terminal games in recent years, the game industry has become a new economic growth point in China's economic transformation. With the development of computer and Internet, graphics and image processing technology has entered another unprecedented stage. In recent years, different image processing techniques have been used to process and analyze the game interface. Appropriate image processing methods include image enhancement, image binarization, image edge detection and image feature extraction. In this paper, by changing the mapping function from priority to probability and comparing the single mapping function of the previous algorithm, the mapping function of playback learning with higher probability of the important priority playback unit is found. In the experiment, the intuitive model strategy analysis of the improved algorithm is carried out firstly. Then the choice of CNN network layer structure, cost function analysis, efficiency analysis and game score comparison of each algorithm are carried out. Finally, the test results show that the new algorithm in this paper can make more effective decisions in video games and achieve the goal of winning higher scores and spending less time.

Urea detection has been studied extensively because urea is an important indicator in medical, environmental and industrial fields. Despite the considerable body of research in this area, limitations such as the need for an external power source and the complex operation of electrochemical flow cells remain. Herein, we introduce a novel urea sensing method that accomplishes urea detection with a single droplet of an analyte using a pH-sensitive ionovoltaic transducer and an enzyme attached glass probe. An ionovoltaic transducer converts ion dynamic phenomena at the solid-liquid interface directly into electrical signals without an external power source or additional electrochemical flow cells. With a single droplet of an analyte containing urea (140 μL), the output voltage is inverted within two minutes by surface potential changes induced by the urea decomposition depending on urea concentration in the range of 1–50 mM. Furthermore, in a selective experiment with various biomolecules such as glucose, ascorbic acid, and lactic acid, the inversion of the output voltage occurred selectively only in the urea containing analyte, which confirmed the feasibility of the proposed unique biosensor. We believe that the combination of the ionovoltaic transducer and the enzyme attached probe will greatly broaden the scope of applications of this novel biosensor.

Duloxetine (DLX) is a selective serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used for the treatment of pain, but it has been reported to show side effects in 10-20% of patients. Its analgesic efficacy in central pain is putatively related to its influence on descending inhibitory neuronal pathways. However, DLX can also affect the activation of microglia. This study was performed to investigate whether PLGA nanoparticles (NPs), which are expected to enhance targeting to microglia, can improve the analgesic efficacy and limit the side effects of DLX. PLGA NPs encapsulating a low dose of DLX (DLX NPs) were synthesized and characterized and their localization was determined. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of DLX NPs were evaluated in a spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced neuropathic pain model. The analgesic effect of DLX lasted for only a few hours and disappeared within 1 day. However, DLX NPs alleviated mechanical allodynia, and the effect was maintained for 1 week. DLX NPs were localized to the spinal microglia and suppressed microglial activation, phosphorylation of p38/NF-κB-mediated pathways and the production of inflammatory cytokines in the spinal dorsal horn of SNL rats. We demonstrated that DLX NPs can provide a prolonged analgesic effect by enhanced targeting of microglia. Our observations imply that DLX delivery through nanoparticle encapsulation allows drug repositioning with a prolonged analgesic effect, and reduces the potential side effects of abuse and overdose.

Most red-green-blue and depth (RGB-D) motion-recognition technologies employ both depth and RGB cameras to recognize a user's body. However, motion-recognition solutions using a single RGB-D camera struggle with rotation recognition depending on the device-user distance and field-of-view. This paper proposes a near-real-time rotational-coordinate-correction method that rectifies a depth error unique Microsoft Kinect by using the symmetry of the depth coordinates of the human body. The proposed method is most effective within 2 m, a key range in which the unique depth error of Kinect occurs, and is anticipated to be utilized in applications requiring low cost and fast installation. It could also be useful in areas such as media art that involve unspecified users because it does not require a learning phase. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method has an accuracy of 85.38%, which is approximately 12% higher than that of the reference installation method.

Regardless of country and age, the importance of history education is always being emphasized. Although the importance of history education is being emphasized in Korea, there are many difficulties in getting students to understand history properly through school classes alone, and it is also difficult to attract students to participate in classes. The effectiveness of education using games has been proven 20 years ago, and the demand for game-based education is gradually increasing in the current education world, which is becoming more open. In this paper, based on the effects proven through research on the existing game-based education, the improvement of historical thinking ability, experiential history learning, and the problems of game-based education introduced in the ESN report and the discomfort of teachers who participated in the education were improved. A plan was suggested to select and use games suitable for basic education. In this thesis, we selected a history game with a clear historical and periodic background and without distortion of history, and experimented with teaching using games focusing on historical thinking and empirical history learning. The learning achievement of textbook-based education was compared.

Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT5) is a well-known transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in osmotic stress. However, the role of NFAT5 in inflammatory pain remains unknown. Here, we studied the function of NFAT5 in inflammatory pain using NFAT5-heterozygous (Het) mice. To study inflammatory pain, we injected 10 µL of 2% formalin into the right hind paws of mice and monitored pain behaviors, such as licking, lifting, and flinching, for 60 min. After the first 15 min (phase I), there were no significant differences in pain behaviors between wild-type (WT) and NFAT5-Het mice. However, from 15–60 min (phase II), NFAT5-Het mice displayed significantly fewer pain behaviors compared to WT mice. Further, the expression levels of inflammatory-pain-related factors, including c-Fos, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), and phosphorylated n-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (p-NR2B), were significantly elevated in the spinal dorsal neurons of formalin-treated WT mice but was not elevated in NFAT5-Het mice. Similarly, c-Fos, p-ERK, and p-NR2B levels were significantly higher in glutamate-treated PC12 neuronal cells but were not affected by Nfat5 silencing in glutamate-treated PC12 cells. Altogether, our findings suggest that NFAT5 deficiency may mitigate formalin-induced inflammatory pain by upregulating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression and downregulating its downstream factors in spinal dorsal neurons. Therefore, NFAT5 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory pain.

A point set registration algorithm based on improved Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence is proposed. Each point in the point set is represented as a Gaussian distribution. The Gaussian distribution contains the position information of the candidate point and surrounding ones. In this way, the entire point set can be modeled as a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). The registration problem of two point sets is further converted as a minimization problem of the improved KL divergence between two GMMs, and the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the solution. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has strong robustness to noise, outliers, and missing points, which achieves better registration accuracy than some state-of-the-art methods.

The change in electrical properties of electrodes by adsorption or desorption at interfaces is a well-known phenomenon required for signal production in electrically transduced sensing technologies. Furthermore, in terms of electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) structure, several studies of energy conversion techniques focused on ion-adsorption at the solid-liquid interface have suggested that the electric signal is generated by ionovoltaic phenomena. However, finding substantial clues for the ion-adsorption phenomena in the EIS structure is still a difficult task because direct evidence for carrier accumulation in semiconductors by Coulomb interactions is insufficient. Here, a sophisticated Hall measurement system is demonstrated to quantitatively analyze accumulated electron density-change inside the semiconductor depending on the ion-adsorption at the solid-liquid interface. Also, an enhanced EIS-structured device is designed in an aqueous-soaked system that works with the ionovoltaic principle to monitor the ion-dynamics in liquid electrolyte media, interestingly confirming ion-concentration dependence and ion-specificity by generated peak voltages. This newly introduced peculiar method contributes to an in-depth understanding of the ionovoltaic phenomena in terms of carrier actions in the semiconductors and ionic behaviors in the aqueous-bulk phases, providing informative analysis about interfacial adsorptions that can expand the scope of ion-sensing platforms.

Herein, we describe novel pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) group-containing meta-diamide insecticides. For the facile preparation of the SF5-based compounds 4a–d, practical synthetic methods were applied. Among newly synthesized compounds, 3-benzamido-N-(2,6-dimethyl-4-(pentafluoro-λ6-sulfanyl)phenyl)-2-fluorobenzamide 4d showed (i) a high insecticidal activity, (ii) an excellent selectivity to insects, and (iii) good levels of water solubility and log P values. In this study, we demonstrated that the pentafluorosulfanyl moiety could serve as an attractive functionality for the discovery of a new scope of crop-protecting agents.

Herein, we describe novel pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) group-containing meta-diamide insecticides. For the facile preparation of the SF5-based compounds 4a–d, practical synthetic methods were applied. Among newly synthesized compounds, 3-benzamido-N-(2,6-dimethyl-4-(pentafluoro-λ6-sulfanyl)phenyl)-2-fluorobenzamide 4d showed (i) a high insecticidal activity, (ii) an excellent selectivity to insects, and (iii) good levels of water solubility and log P values. In this study, we demonstrated that the pentafluorosulfanyl moiety could serve as an attractive functionality for the discovery of a new scope of crop-protecting agents.

Stereo vision is used to reconstruct 3D information of the space by estimating the depth value from the simulation of human eyes. Spatial restoration can be used as a means of location estimation in an indoor area, which is impossible to accomplish using the relative location estimation technology, GPS. By mapping the real world in virtual space, it is feasible to clear the boundary between real space and virtual space. This paper presents a method to control the drone indoors through a positioning system using Structure from Motion algorithm (SfM). SfM calculates the relative relationship between cameras based on images to be acquired from various locations and obtains disparity to enable restoration of 3D space. First, the 3D virtual space is reconstructed using several photographs taken from an indoor environment. Second, the real-time drone position is determined by comparing the 3D virtual space camera with the image displayed on the drone camera. In this case, if the direction of the virtual camera used for 3D virtual space construction is the same as the amount of yaw rotation of the drone, it is possible to quickly find the same position as the image seen in the real drone camera in the virtual space. As a result, if the scale of the actual camera image and the virtual camera image is 1 : 1 matched, then it is possible to know that the drone is in the position of the virtual camera. The proposed indoor location-based drone controlling method can be applied to various drone applications such as group flight in an indoor environment because of its ability to fly the drone without the use of the traditional remote-control and flight trajectory programming.

Ion–solid surface interactions are one of the fundamental principles in liquid‐interfacing devices ranging from various electrochemical systems to electrolyte‐driven energy conversion devices. The interplays between these two phases, especially containing charge carriers in the solid layer, work as a pivotal role in the operation of these devices, but corresponding details of those effects remain as unrevealed issues in academic fields. Herein, an ion–charge carrier interaction at an electrolyte–semiconductor interface is interrogated with an ion‐dynamics‐induced (ionovoltaic) energy transducer, controlled by interfacial self‐assembled molecules. An electricity generating mechanism from interfacial ionic diffusion is elucidated in terms of the ion–charge carrier interaction, originated from a dipole potential effect of the self‐assembled molecular layer (SAM). In addition, this effect is found to be modulated via chemical functionalization of the interfacial molecular layer and transition metal ion complexation therein. With the aiding of surface analytic techniques and a liquid‐interfacing Hall measurement, electrical behaviors of the device depending on the magnitude of the ion‐ligand complexation are interrogated, thereby demonstrating the ion–charge carrier interplays spanning at electrolyte–SAM‐semiconductor interface. Hence, this system can be applied to study molecular interactions, including chemical and physical influences, occurring at the solid–liquid interfacial region., Ionic diffusion‐induced ionovoltaic transducer (IIT) is an ideal tool for interrogating interfacial molecular layer effect at the electrolyte–semiconductor interface. Complexation of ferric ion and catechol group is detected by electrical output changes and verified by surface analytic techniques and liquid‐interfacing Hall measurement. IIT shows promising potential as a tool for probing interfacial phenomena and applicability as novel ion sensors.

Preclinical animal studies have continuously reported the possibility of long-lasting neurotoxic effects after general anesthesia in young animals. Such studies also show that the neurological changes induced by anesthesia in young animals differ by their neurodevelopmental stage. Exposure to anesthetic agents increase dendritic spines and induce sex-dependent changes of excitatory/inhibitory synaptic transmission in late postnatal mice, a critical synaptogenic period. However, the mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear. Abnormal activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, an important regulator of neurodevelopment, has also been shown to induce similar changes during neurodevelopment. Interestingly, previous studies show that exposure to general anesthetics during neurodevelopment can activate the mTOR signaling pathway. This study, therefore, evaluated the role of mTOR signaling after exposing postnatal day (PND) 16/17 mice to sevoflurane, a widely used inhalation agent in pediatric patients. We first confirmed that a 2-h exposure of 2.5% sevoflurane could induce widespread mTOR phosphorylation in both male and female mice. Pretreatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin not only prevented anesthesia-induced mTOR phosphorylation, but also the increase in mitochondrial respiration and male-dependent enhancement of excitatory synaptic transmission. However, the changes in inhibitory synaptic transmission that appear after anesthesia in female mice were not affected by rapamycin pretreatment. Our results suggest that mTOR inhibitors may act as potential therapeutic agents for anesthesia-induced changes in the developing brain.

In this paper, an algorithm is proposed that can perform cylinder type matching faster than the existing method in point clouds that represent space. The existing matching method uses Hough transform and completes the matching through preprocessing such as noise filtering, normal estimation, and segmentation. The proposed method completes the matching through the methodology of random sample consensus (RANSAC) and principal component analysis (PCA). Cylindrical pipe estimation is based on two mathematical models that compute the parameters and combine the results to predict spheres and lines. RANSAC fitting computes the center and radius of the sphere, which can be the radius of the cylinder axis and finds straight and curved areas through PCA. This allows fast matching without normal estimation and segmentation. Linear and curved regions are distinguished by a discriminant using eigenvalues. The linear region is the sum of the vectors of linear candidates, and the curved region is matched by a Catmull&ndash, Rom spline. The proposed method is expected to improve the work efficiency of the reverse design by matching linear and curved cylinder estimation without vertical/horizontal constraint and segmentation. It is also more than 10 times faster while maintaining the accuracy of the conventional method.

A surficial molecular dipole effect depending on ion-molecular interactions has been crucial issues regarding to an interfacial potential, which can modulate solid electronic and electrochemical systems. Their properties near the interfacial region can be dictated by specific interactions between surface and adsorbates, but understandings of the corresponding details remain at interesting issues. Here, intuitive observations of an ionic pair formation-induced interfacial potential shifts are presented with an ionovoltaic system, and corresponding output signal variations are analyzed in terms of the surficial dipole changes on self-assembled monolayer. With aiding of photoelectron spectroscopies and density function theory simulation, the ionic pair formation-induced potential shifts are revealed to strongly rely on a paired molecular structure and a binding affinity of the paired ionic moieties. Chemical contributions to the binding event are interrogated in terms of polarizability in each ionic group and consistent with chaotropic/kosmotropic character of the ionic groups. Based on these findings, the ionovoltaic output changes are theoretically correlated with an adsorption isotherm reflecting the molecular dipole effect, thereby demonstrating as an efficient interfacial molecular probing method under electrolyte interfacing conditions.

Various methods such as stippling, hatching, or hedcut are being used to express the brightness of images as a tone. In this paper, as a new method of tonal depiction, we use the mathematical model used in biology for the purpose of expanding the area of non-photorealistic rendering. The model of reaction–diffusion, which is used to depict the skin patterns of diverse animals, has relatively recently been used as the technique of NPR. The biggest obstacle in processing this technique in real time is that it is very time-consuming process of the repeated calculation. In this contribution, we proposed how to build a mask creating similar results in order to gain instant results from the brightness of images. Mask is a two-dimensional table, which is beforehand calculated and used in digital halftoning, can process each pixel of pictures and produce the quickest result. Although the mask obtained as a result uses a uniform size repeatedly throughout the whole images, it has the merit of the repeated parts not being exposed because of the continuity of the connected parts. As the result, we compare the images through the masks made by both the existing method by repetition and the suggested method.

Colors are recognized by human vision or visual organ. In particular, many studies show that these colors have been proved to give great influences on cognitive development and emotional formation of children. The subconsciousness of children is detectable by colors and through this, their inner emotions and subconsciousness can be revealed. Children have higher interaction of emotion and feelings with colors than adults. Moreover, children tend to express their subconsciousness through colors. However, children are defenselessly exposed to colors coming from the IT devices due to the broad diffusion of these appliances. Different types of media materials give impact on the emotions and cognitive development of children. Likewise, the colors represented by media materials considerably exert influence on the emotions and cognitive development of children. With this in mind, this study proposes design game graphics through analysis of colors, composition, nature and character of these colors preferred by children.

PPO herbicides emerge to be widely use in the agricultural field and a focus of research to many scientists due to its environmentally-friendly properties. In lieu with this, this study presents acrylate and acrylamide substituted pyrimidinediones as PPO herbicide candidates. Most synthesized compounds exhibits herbicidal activities against both monocot and dicot weeds, especially, compound 5a which showed non-selective superior activity against the commercialized, Saflufenacil. Compound 5a was further tested for residual effect and showed promising results as shorter period is needed to cultivate the next crops. The synthesized acrylate and acrylamide substituted pyrimidinediones, especially, 5a could potentially be utilized in the development of commercial protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors with further tests and studies.

Water is one of the plentiful and ubiquitous resources on earth. Due to this characteristic, much efforts have been made to utilize various fluidic phenomena, such as fluidic transport and energy conversions. Recently, in conjunction with an advent of diverse nanomaterials, studies of these fluidic phenomena have been expanded to nanometric domains in those materials, possessing a high surface-to-volume ratio and unique solid-liquid interfacial effects. However, as an understanding of the nanofluidic effects therein was deficient, detailed studies of ionic transports and corresponding ion-solid interfacial interactions are still required. Herein, an evaporation-driven fluidic energy production in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and silica nanoparticle (SiO2 NP)-based nanoporous channel was demonstrated by a translation of an evaporation-driven electro-diffusion of ions in the nanofluidic domain into a charge carrier effect in the semiconducting MoS2 layer via interfacial coulombic field drag effect. The revealing results showed that the semiconducting nanofluidic channels can be utilized to induce an ion-charge carrier-coupled effect beyond conventional electro-kinetic effects in insulating conduits. Our finding could provide understandings of water-nanomaterials interfacial interactions for developing advanced nanofluidic energy conversion systems.

Augmented reality (AR) is a useful visualization technology that displays information by adding virtual images to the real world. In AR systems that require three-dimensional information, point cloud data is easy to use after real-time acquisition, however, it is difficult to measure and visualize real-time objects due to the large amount of data and a matching process. In this paper we explored a method of estimating pipes from point cloud data and visualizing them in real-time through augmented reality devices. In general, pipe estimation in a point cloud uses a Hough transform and is performed through a preprocessing process, such as noise filtering, normal estimation, or segmentation. However, there is a disadvantage in that the execution time is slow due to a large amount of computation. Therefore, for the real-time visualization in augmented reality devices, the fast cylinder matching method using random sample consensus (RANSAC) is required. In this paper, we proposed parallel processing, multiple frames, adjustable scale, and error correction for real-time visualization. The real-time visualization method through the augmented reality device obtained a depth image from the sensor and configured a uniform point cloud using a voxel grid algorithm. The constructed data was analyzed according to the fast cylinder matching method using RANSAC. The real-time visualization method through augmented reality devices is expected to be used to identify problems, such as the sagging of pipes, through real-time measurements at plant sites due to the spread of various AR devices.

Activation of CX3CR1 in microglia plays an important role in the development of neuropathic pain. Here, we investigated whether neuropathic pain could be attenuated in spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced rats by reducing microglial activation through the use of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-encapsulated CX3CR1 small-interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticles. After confirming the efficacy and specificity of CX3CR1 siRNA, as evidenced by its anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells in vitro, PLGA-encapsulated CX3CR1 siRNA nanoparticles were synthesized by sonication using the conventional double emulsion (W/O/W) method and administered intrathecally into SNL rats. CX3CR1 siRNA-treated rats exhibited significant reductions in the activation of microglia in the spinal dorsal horn and a downregulation of proinflammatory mediators, as well as a significant attenuation of mechanical allodynia. These data indicate that the PLGA-encapsulated CX3CR1 siRNA nanoparticles effectively reduce neuropathic pain in SNL-induced rats by reducing microglial activity and the expression of proinflammatory mediators. Therefore, we believe that PLGA-encapsulated CX3CR1 siRNA nanoparticles represent a valuable new treatment option for neuropathic pain.

Neuroinflammation is one of the key mechanisms of neuropathic pain, which is primarily mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathways in microglia. Therefore, TLR4 may be a reasonable target for treatment of neuropathic pain. Here, we examined the analgesic effect of TLR4 antagonistic peptide 2 (TAP2) on neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve ligation in rats. When lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia cells were treated with TAP2 (10 µM), the mRNA levels of proinflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were markedly decreased by 54–83% as determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. Furthermore, when TAP2 (25 nmol in 20 µL PBS) was intrathecally administered to the spinal nerve ligation-induced rats on day 3 after surgery, the mechanical allodynia was markedly decreased for approximately 2 weeks in von Frey filament tests, with a reduction in microglial activation. On immunohistochemical and qPCR analyses, both the level of reactive oxygen species and the gene expression of the proinflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS, were significantly decreased in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn. Finally, the analgesic effect of TAP2 was reproduced in rats with monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritic pain. The findings of the present study suggest that TAP2 efficiently mitigates neuropathic pain behavior by suppressing microglial activation, followed by downregulation of neuropathic pain-related factors, such as reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory molecules. Therefore, it may be useful as a new analgesic for treatment of neuropathic pain., Graphical Abstract

Solution-processed oxide semiconductors (OSs) have attracted much attention because they can simply, quickly, and cheaply produce transparent channels on flexible substrates. However, despite such advantages, in the fabrication process of OS thin-film transistors (TFTs) using the solution process, it is a fatal problem that there are hardly any ways to simply and effectively control important TFT parameters, including the turn-on voltage (Von) and on/off current ratio. For the practical application of solution-processed OS TFT, approaches to simply and effectively control the parameters are urgently required. Here, we newly propose an atmospheric-pressure plasma (APP) treatment that can simply and effectively control the electrical properties in solution-processed InOx TFTs. Through exposure of APP, we successfully realized the changes in important TFT parameters of solution-processed InOx TFT, Von from −11.4 to −1.9 V and the on/off current ratio from ∼103 to ∼106, which still keep up the high field-effe...

Kinect is a device that has been widely used in many areas since it was released in 2010. Kinect SDK was announced in 2011 and used in many other areas than its original purpose, which was a controller for gaming. In particular, it has been used by a number of artists in digital media art since it is inexpensive and has a fast recognition rate. However, there is a problem. Kinect create 3D coordinates with a single 2D RGB image for x, y value - single depth image for z value. And this creates a significant limitation on the installation for interactivity of media art. Because the Cartesian XY coordinate and the spherical Z coordinate system are used in combination, depth error depending on the distance is generated, which makes real-time rotation recognition and coordinate correction difficult above coordinate system. This paper proposes a real-time calibration method of Kinect recognition range expansion for useful application in the digital media art area. The proposed method can recognize the viewer accurately by calibrating a coordinate in any direction in front of the viewer. 3,400 datasets witch acquire from experiment were measured as five stances: the 1m attention stance, 1m hands-up stance, 2m attention stance, 2m hands-up stance, and 2m hands-half-up stance, which were taken and recorded every 0.5 sec. The experimental results showed that the accuracy rate was improved about 11.5% compared with front measurement data according to Kinect reference installation method.

The -turn coil having a width of on the GMR-SV (giant magnetoresistance-spin valve) device based on the antiferromagnetic IrMn layer was fabricated by using the optical lithography process. In the case of GMR-SV film and GMR-SV device, the magnetoresistance ratios and the magnetic sensitivities are 4.4%, 2.0%/Oe and 1.6 %, 0.1%/Oe, respectively. In the y-z plane the distribution of magnetic field of GMR-SV device and -turns coil which put under the several magnetic bead(MB)s with a diameter of attached to RBC (red blood cell) was analyzed by the computer simulation using the finite element method. When the AC currents of 20 kHz from 0.1 mA to 10.0 mA flow to the 10 turns -coil, the magnetic field at the position of $z

The ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) Ar ion milling was manufactured to fabricate the device of thin film. The ECR ion milling system applied to the device etching operated by a power of 600W, a frequency of 2.45 GHz, and a wavelength of 12.24 cm and transferred by a designed waveguide. In order to match one resonant frequency, a magnetic field of 908 G was applied to a cavity inside of ECR. The Ar gas intruded into a cavity and created the discharged ion beam. The surface of target material was etched by the ion beam having an acceleration voltage of 1000 V. The formed devices with a width of on the GMR-SV (Giant magnetoresistance-spin valve) multilayer after three major processes such as photo lithography, ion milling, and electrode fabrication were observed by the optical microscope.