13 results on '"Sun, Chunqing"'
Search Results
2. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals mechanisms of low pollen-pistil compatibility during water lily cross breeding
- Author
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Dai Zhongliang, Sun Chunqing, Nianjun Teng, Shan Xi, Yue-Mei Yao, and Fadi Chen
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Interspecific reproductive barriers ,Proteome ,Pollen-stigma interaction ,Plant Science ,Flowers ,01 natural sciences ,Transcriptome ,03 medical and health sciences ,lcsh:Botany ,Nymphaea ,KEGG ,Secondary metabolism ,Regulator gene ,Plant Proteins ,Flavonoids ,Phenylpropanoid ,biology ,Proteomic ,food and beverages ,ROS ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,Plant Breeding ,030104 developmental biology ,Gene Ontology ,Cell wall organization ,Biochemistry ,Transcriptomic ,Hybridization, Genetic ,Pollen ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Research Article - Abstract
Background In water lily (Nymphaea) hybrid breeding, breeders often encounter non-viable seeds, which make it difficult to transfer desired or targeted genes of different Nymphaea germplasm. We found that pre-fertilization barriers were the main factor in the failure of the hybridization of Nymphaea. The mechanism of low compatibility between the pollen and stigma remains unclear; therefore, we studied the differences of stigma transcripts and proteomes at 0, 2, and 6 h after pollination (HAP). Moreover, some regulatory genes and functional proteins that may cause low pollen-pistil compatibility in Nymphaea were identified. Results RNA-seq was performed for three comparisons (2 vs 0 HAP, 6 vs 2 HAP, 6 vs 0 HAP), and the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was 8789 (4680 were up-regulated), 6401 (3020 were up-regulated), and 11,284 (6148 were up-regulated), respectively. Using label-free analysis, 75 (2 vs 0 HAP) proteins (43 increased and 32 decreased), nine (6 vs 2 HAP) proteins (three increased and six decreased), and 90 (6 vs 0 HAP) proteins (52 increased and 38 decreased) were defined as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed that the DEGs and DEPs were mainly involved in cell wall organization or biogenesis, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) metabolism, hydrogen peroxide decomposition and metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, secondary metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Conclusions Our transcriptomic and proteomic analysis highlighted specific genes, incuding those in ROS metabolism, biosynthesis of flavonoids, SAM metabolism, cell wall organization or biogenesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis that warrant further study in investigations of the pollen-stigma interaction of water lily. This study strengthens our understanding of the mechanism of low pollen-pistil compatibility in Nymphaea at the molecular level, and provides a theoretical basis for overcoming the pre-fertilization barriers in Nymphaea in the future.
- Published
- 2019
3. Comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genome of seven Nymphaea species
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Fadi Chen, Nianjun Teng, Yingchun Xu, Sun Chunqing, and Dai Zhongliang
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0106 biological sciences ,Phylogenetic tree ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Nymphaea ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Plant Science ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Genome ,Evolutionary biology ,Genus ,Subgenus ,Gene ,Reference genome - Abstract
Although there has been a long history of cultivation and research on Nymphaea, the taxonomic relationships and evolutionary relationships among Nymphaea species remain controversial. The chloroplast (cp) genome can provide a new method to determine species origin, evolution, and phylogenetic relationships of Nymphaea. The complete cp genomes of seven Nymphaea species were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing technology, and the structural characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of cp genomes were analyzed. The cp genomes of seven species of Nymphaea had rich variation in large single-copy (LSC) and small single-copy (SSC) regions. A comparative cp genomic analysis of seven Nymphaea species showed that the cp gene sequence of Nymphaea was consistent, with no signs of reverse rearrangement. Using N. colorata as the reference sequence, a total of 8328 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1579 insertions/deletions were obtained. The degree of variation of the cp genome of the seven Nymphaea species in rpoA–rpl20, rbcL–ndhC, ndhD–ndhF, and trnN-GUU–ndhA regions was relatively high. The ycf2 gene was positively selected. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the genus Nymphaea can be further divided into five subgenera.
- Published
- 2021
4. Ash from the Changbaishan Qixiangzhan eruption: A new early Holocene marker horizon across East Asia:A New Early Holocene Marker Horizon Across East Asia
- Author
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Sun, Chunqing, Wang, Luo, Plunkett, Gill, You, Haitao, Zhu, Zeyang, Zhang, Lei, Zhang, Bin, Chu, Guoqiang, and Liu, Jiaqi
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Geophysics ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Space and Planetary Science ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Prehistoric Holocene eruptions of Changbaishan volcano in Northeast China are poorly dated, with the exception of the 946 CE Millennium eruption. Poorly refined age estimates for the earlier eruptions present problems for the reconstruction of the eruptive history of the volcano. The Qixiangzhan eruption (QE) is a major controversial event in terms of its eruptive timing (ranging from ~88 to ~4 kyr) and style (effusive or explosive). As a result of the imprecise age estimates for the eruption, a geomagnetic field excursion recorded within the QE comendite has been variably correlated with a number of different excursion events observed elsewhere. In this study, a visible early Holocene tephra was identified in Yuanchi Lake, ~30 km east of the Changbaishan volcanic vent, and was dated to 8831‐8100 cal yr BP using Bayesian age modelling. Glass shard compositions enable the correlation of this tephra with the poorly dated QE, as well as with a tephra (SG14‐1058) recorded in Lake Suigetsu, in central Japan. These correlations confirm that the QE was explosive and that the ash from the QE can serve as an important early Holocene marker bed across East Asia. In addition, we propose an age of ~8100 cal yr BP for the QE based on the precise date of the Suigetsu SG14‐1058 tephra. Our results also confirm that the geomagnetic field excursion recorded in the Qixiangzhan comendite dates to ~8100 cal yr BP.
- Published
- 2018
5. Geochemical Characteristics of Volcanic Rocks from ODP Site 794, Yamato Basin: Implications for Deep Mantle Processes of the Japan Sea
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Sun Chunqing, Liu Jiaqi, Chen Shengsheng, Guo Zhengfu, and Chen Shuangshuang
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Basalt ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Olivine ,Partial melting ,Geochemistry ,Geology ,engineering.material ,Mantle (geology) ,Porphyritic ,Volcanic rock ,engineering ,Plagioclase ,Phenocryst - Abstract
Deep mantle processes and the dynamic mechanism of magmatism in the Japan Sea Basin are important processes that have not been studied in detail. In this paper, systematic evaluation of basalt samples from the ocean drilling program Site 794 in the Japan Sea was performed, which included petrography, whole-rock major- and trace-element analysis, Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic composition, and electron microprobe analysis of plagioclase and clinopyroxene. These basalts belong to the tholeiitic series with porphyritic texture and massive Ca-rich plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and minor olivine phenocrysts. The basalts are characterized as flat rare earth elements and high-field-strength elements with remarkably low ratios of (La/Yb)N (0.75–2.51), significant positive anomalies of Ba, Sr, and Rb and no Eu anomaly (δEu = 0.99–1.36). The samples showed relatively high 87Sr/86Sr (0.70425–0.70522), 207Pb/204Pb (15.511–15.610), and 208Pb/204Pb (38.064–38.557) values and a low 143Nd/144Nd ratio (0.51271–0.51295). The basalts from Site 794 can be divided into upper, middle, and lower volcanic rocks (UVR, MVR, and LVR) on the basis of their stratigraphic level. The MVR was geochemically derived from the depleted mantle, whereas the UVR and LVR originated from a nondepleted and relatively enriched mantle source with contributions from subducted Pacific plate fluid and sediments. Use of geothermobarometers indicates that the crystallization pressure for the UVR and LVR (6.25–11.19 kbar) was significantly higher than that of the MVR (3.48–5.84 kbar). The UVR and LVR may have been derived from the low-degree (5%–10%) partial melting of spinel lherzolite, while the MVR originated from a shallower mantle source with a high degree (10%–20%) of partial melting. In addition, the geochemical characteristics of the samples are consistent with a younger age (13–17 Ma) and the depleted composition of the MVR and an older age (17–23 Ma) and slightly enriched composition of the UVR and LVR. Therefore, temporal changes in the mantle source from old and enriched to young and depleted and subsequently to old and nondepleted may have been associated with progressive lithospheric extension and thinning, as well as at least two episodes of diverse asthenospheric upwelling and pull-apart tectonic motion in the Yamato Basin.
- Published
- 2015
6. Overcoming pre-fertilization barriers in the wide cross between Chrysanthemum grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura and C. nankingense (Nakai) Tzvel. by using special pollination techniques
- Author
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Sun Chunqing, Zhi-Zhe Huang, Nianjun Teng, Fadi Chen, Zhaolei Liu, Weimin Fang, and Yan-Li Wang
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Germplasm ,Pollination ,Pollination management ,Chrysanthemum morifolium ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Germination ,Pollen ,Botany ,Genetics ,medicine ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Gibberellic acid ,Hybrid - Abstract
In our earlier study, pre-fertilization barrier was one of the main factors causing the failure of the wide hybridization between Chrysanthemum grandiflorum ‘Yuhuaxingchen’ and C. nankingense, and seriously restricted the utilization of the excellent chrysanthemum germplasm, C. nankingense. In order to overcome the pre-fertilization barrier and obtain some hybrids, we carried out wide hybridization between them again in this study, and tentatively adopted three pollination techniques including mentor pollen, delayed pollination, and gibberellic acid treatment. The average number of pollen grains germinating on stigma at 24 h after pollination and the percentage of embryo were investigated with a temporary mount method and the technique of fluorescence microscopy. It was found that, compared with the control, delayed pollination, gibberellic acid treatment, and mentor pollen significantly increased the average number of pollen grains germinating on each stigma at 24 h after pollination by approximately 152, 235, and 182%, respectively. In addition, all the three pollination techniques significantly increased the percentage of normal embryos at different periods after artificial pollination in comparison to the control. Furthermore, seed sets of the crosses using the three special pollination techniques were 1.1, 1.4, and 2.0%, respectively, whereas we did not obtained any seeds in the control. Taken together, these results suggest that delayed pollination, gibberellic acid treatment, and mentor pollen are three useful pollination techniques for overcoming pre-fertilization barriers and increasing seed set in the wide hybridization between C. grandiflorum ‘Yuhuaxingchen’ and C. nankingense, and they may be widely applied for increasing breeding efficiency in other chrysanthemum wide hybridization facing similar pre-fertilization barriers.
- Published
- 2010
7. Interspecific hybrids between Chrysanthemum grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura and C. indicum (L.) Des Moul. and their drought tolerance evaluation
- Author
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Xi-Lin Hou, Zhao-Lei Liu, Sun Chunqing, Nianjun Teng, Fadi Chen, and Weimin Fang
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Abiotic component ,fungi ,Drought tolerance ,food and beverages ,Plant physiology ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,Biology ,humanities ,Germination ,Ornamental plant ,Botany ,Genetics ,Proline ,Cultivar ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Hybrid - Abstract
Chrysanthemum grandiflorum ‘Yuhuaxingchen’ is an important commercial chrysanthemum cultivar with excellent ornamental quality but low drought tolerance, whereas C. indicum has exceptional drought tolerance. In our earlier study, many hybrid seeds between them were obtained through interspecific hybridization. In the present study, we selected six putative hybrid lines with most drought tolerance from all the hybrid lines by withholding water, indentified their facticity by chromosome counting, and then evaluated their drought tolerance through determining foliar electrolyte leakage (EL), contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline, and plant survival rate after 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 treatment. It was found that 155 out of 282 seeds germinated and only 132 seedlings survived. In addition, chromosome and morphological analysis showed that the six putative hybrids were real hybrids and their morphological features were intermediate between their parents. Furthermore, the density of leaf epidermal hair, proline content, and plant survival rate were the highest in C. indicum and the lowest in C. grandiflorum among the six hybrids and their parents. In contrast, EL value and MDA content were the highest in C. grandiflorum and the lowest in C. indicum. These results suggest that some true hybrids with improved drought tolerance can be obtained through interspecific hybridization in chrysanthemum breeding. Therefore, interspecific hybridization between chrysanthemum cultivars and their wild species may become a promising way to improve their biotic and abiotic resistance in the future breeding.
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- 2010
8. Reproductive characteristics of Opisthopappus taihangensis (Ling) Shih, an endangered Asteraceae species endemic to China
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Chen SuMei, Chen FaDi, Jian Li, Sun ChunQing, Fang Wei-min, and Teng NianJun
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Tapetum ,food.ingredient ,Stamen ,food and beverages ,Horticulture ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,food ,Microspore ,Pollen ,Botany ,medicine ,Megaspore mother cell ,Megaspore ,Ovule ,Cotyledon - Abstract
Opisthopappus taihangensis is an endangered species endemic to China and represents an important genetic resource for chrysanthemum improvement. We describe here its basic reproductive characteristics. The anthers are tetrasporangiate and the anther wall is composed of an epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum. The middle layer is lost by the microspore tetrad stage, and the tapetum disintegrates at the trinucleate pollen stage. Meiosis in the microspore mother cells is of the simultaneous type, and the tetrad is tetrahedral in shape. Mature pollen grains have three germinal apertures, two sperm nuclei and one vegetative nucleus. The in vitro pollen germination rate is only ∼10%. The ovule is anatropous, dual-integument, tenuinucellatae and the development of the embryo sac follows the Oenothera pattern. The archesporial cell below the nucellus epidermis functions as the megaspore mother cell and forms a linear tetrad. The embryo passes through a globular, heart and torpedo stage before maturing into a cotyledon embryo. The endangerment of O. taihangensis may be associated with low reproductive capacity, as a consequence of poor pollen viability.
- Published
- 2009
9. Factors affecting seed set in the crosses between Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura and its wild species
- Author
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Xi-Lin Hou, Nianjun Teng, Zhao-Lei Liu, Fadi Chen, Sun Chunqing, and Weimin Fang
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Germplasm ,Pollination ,Chrysanthemum morifolium ,food and beverages ,Embryo ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,biology.organism_classification ,Human fertilization ,Germination ,Pollen ,Botany ,Genetics ,medicine ,Pollen tube ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Reproductive barriers often exist in the crosses between Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura and its wild species and seriously result in low seed set, consequently reducing breeding efficiency. For the purpose of revealing the factors leading to low seed set, we investigated pollen viability, germination behavior of pollen grains on stigmas and embryo development in the crosses between D. grandiflorum and three wild species, D. nankingense (Nakai) Tzvel., D. indicum (L.) Des Moul. and D. zawadskii (Herb.) Tzvel. using technique of paraffin section, and light, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated pollen viability of three wild species ranged from 20 to 25%. In the cross between D. grandiflorum and D. nankingense, very few pollen grains germinated on stigmas after pollination and most of them germinated abnormally. In addition, normal embryos were observed in 12% ovaries at 8 days after pollination and thereafter all the embryos aborted. In other two crosses, many pollen grains germinated on stigmas and pollen tubes penetrated stigmas normally after pollination. Moreover, normal embryos were observed in over 50% ovaries from 8 to 15 days after pollination in the cross between D. grandiflorum and D. indicum, and seed set was 59%. In the cross between D. grandiflorum and D. zawadskii, normal embryos were observed in 52% ovaries at 8 days after pollination. After that, however, most embryos degenerated and seed set was only 9%. These data suggest that pollen viability has no significant effects on seed set of the three crosses. Very few germinated pollen grains on stigmas and abnormal growth of most pollen tubes before fertilization, and embryo abortion are the main factors causing failure of the cross between D. grandiflorum and D. nankingense, whereas only embryo abortion is a main factor resulting in low seed set in the cross between D. grandiflorum and D. zawadskii and no barriers occur in the cross between D. grandiflorum and D. indicum.
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- 2009
10. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals mechanisms of embryo abortion during chrysanthemum cross breeding
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Fadi Chen, Fengjiao Zhang, Wen Dong, Aiping Song, Nianjun Teng, Weimin Fang, Haibin Wang, Lizhong He, Sun Chunqing, and Zhiquan Wang
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Proteomics ,Regulation of gene expression ,Genetics ,Programmed cell death ,animal structures ,Multidisciplinary ,Base Sequence ,Chrysanthemum ,Embryo ,Breeding ,Biology ,Protein degradation ,Article ,Cell biology ,Transcriptome ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Seeds ,embryonic structures ,Protein biosynthesis ,Gene ,Crosses, Genetic ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,Plant Proteins - Abstract
Embryo abortion is the main cause of failure in chrysanthemum cross breeding, and the genes and proteins associated with embryo abortion are poorly understood. Here, we applied RNA sequencing and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) to analyse transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of normal and abortive embryos. More than 68,000 annotated unigenes and 700 proteins were obtained from normal and abortive embryos. Functional analysis showed that 140 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 41 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were involved in embryo abortion. Most DEGs and DEPs associated with cell death, protein degradation, reactive oxygen species scavenging, and stress-response transcriptional factors were significantly up-regulated in abortive embryos relative to normal embryos. In contrast, most genes and proteins related to cell division and expansion, the cytoskeleton, protein synthesis and energy metabolism were significantly down-regulated in abortive embryos. Furthermore, abortive embryos had the highest activity of three executioner caspase-like enzymes. These results indicate that embryo abortion may be related to programmed cell death and the senescence- or death-associated genes or proteins contribute to embryo abortion. This adds to our understanding of embryo abortion and will aid in the cross breeding of chrysanthemum and other crops in the future.
- Published
- 2014
11. Ash from Changbaishan Millennium eruption recorded in Greenland ice: Implications for determining the eruption's timing and impact
- Author
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Sun, Chunqing, Plunkett, Gill, Liu, Jiaqi, Zhao, Hongli, Sigl, Michael, McConnell, Joseph R., Pilcher, Jonathan R., Vinther, Bo, Steffensen, J.P., and Hall, Valerie
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Geophysics ,Eldgja eruption ,SDG 13 - Climate Action ,Earth and Planetary Sciences(all) ,Greenland ice cores ,volcanic impact ,Tianchi, Changbaishan ,Millennium Eruption ,tephra - Abstract
Major volcanic eruptions can impact on global climate by injecting large quantities of aerosols and ash into the atmosphere that alter the radiative balance and chemical equilibrium of the stratosphere. The Millennium eruption of Tianchi (Paektu), China/North Korea, was one of the largest Late Holocene eruptions. Uncertainty about the precise timing of the eruption has hindered the recognition of its climate impact in palaeoclimate and historical records. Here we report the compelling identification of the eruption's volcanic signal in Greenland ice cores through the association of geochemically-characterized volcanic glass, represented in by bimodal populations that compare with proximal material from the source eruption. The eruption most probably occurred in the AD 940?s, seven years after the Eldgjá eruption on Iceland. We examine the eruption's potential for climate forcing using the sulfate records from the ice-cores and conclude that it was unlikely to have had a global or extra-regional impact.
- Published
- 2014
12. 火山灰全岩与原位分析差异:以四海龙湾记录的1 600年前金龙顶子火山喷发为例
- Author
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Sun Chunqing, You Haitao, Liu Jiaqi, Chu Guoqiang, and Liu Qiang
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General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Building and Construction ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
火山灰地层学主要依靠火山玻璃的成分进行源区的识别,然而,当火山玻璃成分不均一时就会对源区识别造成影响.四海龙湾玛珥湖位于东北新生代龙岗火山区内,其湖泊沉积物可以记录周边的火山喷发,电子探针等方法得到的火山玻璃成分可以揭示其喷发来源.同时,玛珥湖的纹层年龄可以限定其喷发年龄.在四海龙湾沉积物(钻孔2008) 的78~79 cm岩芯处出现一层火山灰层,其纹层年龄为AD 308 a,电子探针结果显示火山玻璃具有不均一的主量元素组成,为玄武质粗安岩到碱玄质响岩.FeO、TiO2及Al2O3等与MgO协变图解更清楚地显示了此次火山喷发的火山玻璃成分的不均一性.火山玻璃与火山灰全岩对比分析显示,全岩分析在火山灰地层学应用中容易造成对比偏差.
- Published
- 2016
13. Factors influencing fecundity in experimental crosses of water lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) cultivars
- Author
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Nianjun Teng, Yan-Li Wang, Sun Chunqing, Weimin Fang, and Fadi Chen
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Pollination ,Cell Survival ,Reciprocal cross ,Germination ,Plant Science ,Breeding ,Nelumbo ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Species Specificity ,lcsh:Botany ,Pollen ,medicine ,Cultivar ,Ovule ,Crosses, Genetic ,food and beverages ,Fecundity ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,Fertility ,Agronomy ,Seeds ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Breeding programs for the water lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) are hampered by an inability to account for variation in seed set associated with crosses between different cultivars. We studied seed set in two reciprocal crosses between lotus cultivars (‘Guili’ × ‘Aijiangnan’ and ‘Molingqiuse’ × ‘Qinhuaiyanzhi') to obtain insights into factors that govern fecundity in these experimental hybrids. Pollen viability, stigma receptivity and embryo development were compared for each hybrid and reciprocal cross. Results Pollen viability of the individual cultivars ranged from 4.1% to 20.2%, with the highest level (>11.9%) for all cultivars observed from the earliest collected grains (05:00–06:00 a.m.). Stigmatic pollen germination peaked at 4 h after pollination and varied from 4.8 to 60.6 grains per stigma among the crosses. Production of normal embryos ranged from 7.6% to 58.8% at 1 d after pollination and from 0 to 25% by 11 d after pollination. Seed set in crosses (0.2–23.3%) was generally lower than in open-pollinated plants (8.4–26.5%). Similar to the germination results, seed set was substantially reduced in both reciprocal crosses. Conclusions These results suggested that poor pollen fertility, low stigma receptivity, and embryo abortion were responsible for the failure of the crosses ‘Molingqiuse’ × ‘Qinhuaiyanzhi’, ‘Qinhuaiyanzhi’ × ‘Molingqiuse’, and ‘Aijiangnan’ × ‘Guili’.
- Published
- 2012
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