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The aim of the present study is to examine the efficacy of white camphor essential oil as an anesthetic for bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis R. 1845) and as an sedative agent for transport of bighead carp stocking material. The fish used in the research have an average body weight (BW, g) of 35.02±16.58 g and an average total length (TL, cm) of 15.44±2.33 cm. For the experiment of the anesthetic effect of C. camphora, five treatments are conducted with five experimental concentrations: 0.20 ml.l-1, 0.30 ml.l-1, 0.40 ml.l-1, 0.50 ml.l-1 and 0.60 ml.l-1. For each concentration 10 individuals are used or a total of 50 fish. For the transport experiment, 3 concentrations are used: 0.06 ml.l-1, 0.08 ml.l-1 and 0.10 ml.l-1. The applied stocking density is 3 fish/l. For each concentration 30 fish are used or a total of 90 fish. Based on the results it can be concluded that at concentration of 0.60 ml.l-1 the induction of anesthesia is the fastest (4.88±0.43 min), thus the recovery time at this concentration is the longest (9.44±1.28 min). From all tested concentrations the recovery time is the shortest at the lowest concentration (0.20 ml/l) – 2.29±0.32 min (P ≤ 0.001). The behavior of the fish and the phases in which they enter (Phase 0 and Phase 2) change every hour in all experimental variants of the transport experiment. For transport of bighead carp stocking material it can be recommended to apply for 1 h a concentration of 0.10 ml.l-1, at which the highest percentage of fish are in state of decreased locomotor activity and static position. At the lowest concentration of 0.06 ml.l-1 the highest percentage of bighead carp stocking material remain in active state throughout the experiment, which makes this concentration of C. camphora inapplicable for transport of H. nobilis.

The aim of the present study is to examine the efficacy of lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon schoenanthus) and clove oil (Eugenia caryophyllata) by establishing the time needed for induction and recovery from anesthesia of two-year old common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The fish treated with lemongrass oil have an average body weight (BW, g) of 614.20 ± 162.18 g and an average total length (TL, cm) of 36.10 ± 3.77 cm. The fish used in the experiment with clove oil have an average body weight of 572.32 ± 191.32 g and average total length of 36.19 ± 4.0 cm. For both experiments, five treatments are conducted with five experimental concentrations: 0.02 ml/l-1, 0.04 ml/l-1, 0.06 ml/l-1, 0.08 ml/l-1 and 0.10 ml/l-1. The method of individual treatment is applied. For each concentration, 10 fish are used to ensure statistical significance of the results. For both essential oils the fastest anesthetic effect is registered at the highest concentration of 0.10 ml/l-1 with a significant difference between the variants (P ≤ 0.05). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the time required for anesthesia of two-year old common carp with lemongrass oil is significantly longer compared to the time required using clove oil. At the highest experimental concentration of lemongrass (0.10 ml/l-1) anesthesia occurs after more than 10 min, which makes the use of this essential oil as an anesthetic ineffective in commercial or scientific activities. During the experiment, it has been established that clove oil is significantly more effective as anesthetic agent for two-year old common carp compared to lemongrass oil.

The purpose of the present study is to examine the efficacy of lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon schoenanthus)and lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia) by establishing the time needed for induction and recovery from anesthesia of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Richardson, 1845) stocking material.

The aim of the present study is to examine the efficacy of rosemary oil as an anesthetic for common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and as an additional agent for transport of carp stocking material. The fish used in the research have an average body weight (BW, g) of 12.72 ± 5.87 and an average total length (TL, cm) of 10.19 ± 1.43. For the experiment of the anesthetic effect of R. officinalis, six treatments are conducted with six experimental concentrations: 0.20 ml/l, 0.30 ml/l, 0.40 ml/l, 0.50 ml/l, 0.60 ml/l and 0.70 ml/l. For each concentration 10 individuals are used or a total of 60 fish. For the transport experiment, 3 concentrations are used: 0.02 ml/l, 0.04 ml/l and 0.06 ml/l. The applied stocking density is 8 fish/l. A total of 80 fish are used for each concentration or a total of 240 fish. Based on the results it can be concluded that at concentration of 0.70 ml/l the induction of anesthesia is the fastest (4.24 min), thus the recovery time at this concentration is the longest (4.86 min). From all tested concentrations the recovery time is the shortest at the lowest concentration (0.20 ml/l) – 0.95 min (P ≤ 0.05). The behavior of the fish and the phases in which they enter (Phase 0 and Phase 2) change every hour in all experimental variants of the transport experiment. All three experimental concentrations (0.02 ml/l, 0.04 ml/l and 0.06 ml/l) of rosemary oil are applicable for the transport of carp stocking material from 1 to 4 hours.

The aim of the present research is to study the efficacy of lavender oil as an anesthetic for juvenile European catfish (Silurus glanis L.). The fish are sorted into two size-weight groups: Group I (small) and Group II (large). Ten treatments are conducted with 10 experimental concentrations: 0.02 ml/l, 0.04 ml/l, 0.06 ml/l, 0.08 ml/l, 0.10 ml/l, 0.12 ml/l, 0.14 ml/l, 0.16 ml/l, 0.18 ml/l and 0.20 ml/l. For each concentration, 10 fish are used by treating 2 individuals with five repetitions. 100 fish from each size weight group or a total of 200 catfish juveniles are used for the experiment. The established results show that at the lowest experimental concentration (0.02 ml/l), after exposure of 20 min, anesthesia does not occur in both size weight groups. The fastest anesthetic effect is recorded at 0.20 ml/l for a period of 1.32 min (P≤0.001) for Group I and for a period of 1.56 min (P≤0.001) for Group II. Increase in the concentration of lavender oil significantly decreased induction time of anesthesia and increase recovery time.

The aim of the present research is to study the anesthetic effect of three essential oils: lavender (Lavandula anqustifolia), thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and basil (Ocimum basilicum) on carp stocking material, as well as to determine the effective concentrations in relation to their application in practice. Six concentrations, for each oil, are tested: 0.02 ml/l, 0.04 ml/l, 0.06 ml/l, 0.08 ml/l, 0.10 ml/l and 0.12 ml/l. In order to sustain the welfare of the treated individuals, the applied concentrations and exposures are chosen to not cause mortality. It is established that the lowest experimental concentrations of lavender oil (0.02 ml/l, 0.04 ml/l and 0.06 ml/l) and of thyme oil (0.02 ml/l and 0.04 ml/l) at exposures of 20 min and 15 min respectively, have no anesthetic effect on carp stocking material, while with basil oil an anesthetic effect is observed at a concentration of 0.04 ml/l after 19.38 min.

The aim of the study was to determine the species composition and dynamics of the phytoplankton community of Koprinka reservoir. We have identified a total of 109 taxa assigned to 6 divisions including Chlorophyta (37), Ochrophyta (26), Cyanoprokaryota (22), Euglenophyta (11), Streptophyta (11) and Pyrrhophyta (2). The highest phytoplankton biomass (PhB) and numbers (PhN) and the lowest species richness were detected in September. In October with the decrease of the PhB the species diversity has increased.The highest species richness was observed at station 3, situated in the riverine area, with the phytoplankton abundance being significantly higher compared to the other two stations. The species Hariotina polychorda(Korshikov) E.Hegewald dominated in thewater samples in the summer at all stations. In the early autumn, a bloom of the potentially toxic species Microcystis wesenbergii(Komárek) Komárek ex Komárek was detected, which is an indicator for eutrophication process in the reservoir. Cluster analysis (CA) based on the phytoplankton composition isolated the samples from each sampling periods in a separate water cluster, characterized by significant spatial heterogeneity. The phytoplankton species composition, and the values for biomass, and chlorophyll aare evident for the eutrophic state of the reservoir.

Desde los hitos del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos, la regulación de los derechos de la personalidad de los menores de edad ha experimentado grandes cambios en su evolución histórico-legal, tambaleándose según las corrientes políticas gobernantes hacia modelos normativos más o menos respetuosos con el interés superior del menor, la dignidad y el libre desarrollo de la personalidad. Este trabajo se ciñe a examinar la capacidad de autodeterminación del menor maduro en un ámbito concreto —el sanitario—, en relación a dos derechos personalísimos: el derecho a la salud y el derecho a la identidad de género, proponiendo al mismo tiempo una estrategia de evaluación de dicha capacidad que armoniza los valores en puja en este terreno. Since the milestones of the International Law of Human Rights, the regulation of the personality rights of minors has undergone major changes in its legal evolution, favoring regulatory models more or less respectful of the best interest of the child, in tune with the ruling political currents. This work examines the capacity of self- determination of the mature minor in one specific area, healthcare, in relation to two personal rights: the right to health and the right to gender identity, proposing at the same time an evaluation strategy of this capacity which harmonizes the conflicting values in this field

Bilexical dependencies capturing asymmetrical lexical relations between heads and dependents are viewed as a practical representation of syntax that is well-suited for computation and intelligible for human readers. In the present work we use dependency representations as a bridge between data-driven and grammar-based parsing, both for cross-framework parser comparison and for parser integration. We observe that the state of the art in dependency parsing for English is characterized by broad diversity of dependency representations and seek to systematize properties of various dependency formats pointing out their similarities and differences by carrying out qualitative and quantitative structural analysis and furthermore exploring learnability of four of these representations in automatic syntactic analysis. In addition to comparing syntactic dependencies along several evaluation measures for parsing, we also evaluate the representations in application to the negation resolution task. Using a dependency representation extracted from HPSG structures we contrast three different approaches to parsing—data-driven dependency, phrase structure and a hybrid grammarbased— observe what trade-offs apply along accuracy, efficiency, coverage, and resilience to domain variation and show that explicit, hand-engineered grammatical knowledge helps in both accuracy and cross-domain parsing performance. We complement intrinsic parser evaluation with extrinsic comparison on the negation resolution and semantic dependency parsing tasks discovering that accuracy gains sometimes but not always translate into improved end-to-end performance. A combination of complementary approaches is often a good strategy for achieving improvement. We explore parser integration as a method for advancing the efficiency of a grammarbased parser. Bilexical dependencies serve as an interface for enforcing constraints drawn from the output of the statistical, data-driven systems on the unification-based processing of the grammar-based parser. We experiment with confidence thresholding, filtering and parser ensembles for tackling the problem of selecting high-quality dependencies and propose a technique of static analysis as preliminary evaluation in navigating a large space of various combination setups. We choose configurations optimizing for speed, coverage and balancing the two metrics and carefully evaluate the trade-offs along efficiency, coverage, accuracy and domainresilience.

Most state-of-the-art parsers take an approach to produce an analysis for any input despite errors. However, small grammatical mistakes in a sentence often cause parser to fail to build a correct syntactic tree. Applications that can identify and correct mistakes during parsing are particularly interesting for processing user-generated noisy content. Such systems potentially could take advantage of linguistic depth of broad-coverage precision grammars. In order to choose the best correction for an utterance, probabilities of parse trees of different sentences should be comparable which is not supported by discriminative methods underlying parsing software for processing deep grammars. In the present work we assess the treelet model for determining generative probabilities for HPSG parsing with error correction. In the first experiment the treelet model is applied to the parse selection task and shows superior exact match accuracy than the baseline and PCFG. In the second experiment it is tested for the ability to score the parse tree of the correct sentence higher than the constituency tree of the original version of the sentence containing grammatical error.

We compare three different approaches to parsing into syntactic, bi-lexical dependencies for English: a ‘direct’ data-driven dependency parser, a statistical phrase structure parser, and a hybrid, ‘deep’ grammar-driven parser. The analyses from the latter two are post-converted to bilexical dependencies. Through this ‘reduction’ of all three approaches to syntactic dependency parsers, we determine empirically what performance can be obtained for a common set of dependency types for English, across a broad variety of domains. In doing so, we observe what trade-offs apply along three dimensions, accuracy, efficiency, and resilience to domain variation. Our results suggest that the hand-built grammar in one of our parsers helps in both accuracy and cross-domain performance. Proceedings of The 13th International Conference on Parsing Technologies IWPT-2013.

Title: Creating a Bilingual Dictionary using Wikipedia Author: Angelina Ivanova Department/Institute: Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics (32-ÚFAL) Supervisor of the master thesis: RNDr. Daniel Zeman Ph.D. Abstract: Machine-readable dictionaries play important role in the research area of com- putational linguistics. They gained popularity in such fields as machine translation and cross-language information extraction. In this thesis we investigate the quality and content of bilingual English-Russian dictionaries generated from Wikipedia link structure. Wiki-dictionaries differ dramatically from the traditional dictionaries: the re- call of the basic terminology on Mueller's dictionary was 7.42%. Machine translation experiments with Wiki-dictionary incorporated into the training set resulted in the rather small, but statistically significant drop of the the quality of the translation compared to the experiment without Wiki-dictionary. We supposed that the main reason was domain difference between the dictio- nary and the corpus and got some evidence that on the test set collected from Wikipedia articles the model with incorporated dictionary performed better. In this work we show how big the difference between the dictionaries de- veloped from the Wikipedia link structure and the traditional...